黑龙江省大庆市铁人中学2021届高三上学期阶段考试英语试题 Word版含解析

黑龙江省大庆市铁人中学2021届高三上学期阶段考试英语试题 Word版含解析

大庆铁人中学高三年级上学期阶段性考试 英语试题 试题说明：1、本试题满分 150 分，答题时间 120 分钟。 2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。 第 I 卷 选择题部分 一、完形填空（一）（ 共 20 小题； 每小题 1.5 分， 满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选 出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 He could have placed it in a corner or could have sold it to a friend down the street or a stranger on a shopping website. ___1___Dave Kellner, of Riegelsville, decided to share his beloved cello(大提琴) with a young musician with ability and ambition who didn't___2___one. On Friday, the 69-year-old man ___3___the Easton Area Middle School to ___4___present his cello to Anna Smith, a seventh- grader who plays in the school orchestra(管弦乐队). Kellner ___5___the cello nine years ago when he retired and decided to start a___6___.He spent two years trying to improve his skills, but the effects of arthritis(关节炎) made it___7___for him to go on practising. He could have ___8___the cello to the district's music programme. But he wanted it in the hands of a talented,serous-minded local___9___who couldn't afford to purchase a cello. Donna Palmer, director of the school orchestra, said it was difficult to____10____after narrowing down the field to three worthy students. ____11____, the instrument was given to a 13-year-old who says she hopes to ____12____the cello for the rest of her life. Because of his kind act, Kellner will be able to experience the____13____of hearing it played at spring musical concert. And knowing she has another fan in the____14____could help keep Smith motivated to practise and perhaps eventually____15____the cello. Kellner's____16____to reach out and improve the life of a talented, young musician is____17____. A good cello can cost roughly $2, 000. That's a high____18____for many poor families. In the hands of a child with talent and determination, it can____19____a life. Here's hoping that there are more Dave Kellners out there who understand the value of passing on a(n)____20____musical instrument. 1. A. But B. So C. And D. Or 2. A. need B. accept C. deserve D. have 3. A. stayed at B. arrived at C. passed by D. moved into 4. A. secretly B. personally C. anxiously D. normally 8 5. A. borrowed B. discovered C. bought D. advertised 6. A. school B. company C. hobby D. programme 7. A. unnecessary B. probable C. suitable D. difficult 8. A. donated B. reported C. added D. connected 9. A. teacher B. friend C. actor D. student 10. A. decide B. explain C. stop D. discuss 11. A. By all means B. In the end C. At least D. Above all 12. A. buy B. borrow C. keep D. play 13. A. life B. effect C. joy D. loss 14. A. hospital B. army C. classroom D. audience 15. A. master B. sell C. return D. miss 16. A. decision B. plan C. goal D. permission 17. A. interesting B. disappointing C. satisfying D. inspiring 18. A. level B. price C. quality D. risk 19. A. save B. end C. change D. live 20. A. expensive B. traditional C. beloved D. useless 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位老人将自己珍爱的大提琴赠送给一位有音乐梦想的年轻人 的故事。 【1 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是 Riegelsville 的 Dave Kellner 决定把他心爱的大提琴和一个 有能力，抱负的年轻音乐家分享，这名音乐家没有大提琴。A. But 但是；B. So 所以；C. And 和；D. Or 或者。由文章开头的虚拟语气 could have 可以判断，此处为转折，表示他本可以 放在角落或者卖给朋友，但是他决定和别人分享，故选 A 项。 【2 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是 Riegelsville 的 Dave Kellner 决定把他的大提琴和一个有能 力，抱负的年轻音乐家分享，这名音乐家没有大提琴。A. need 需要；B. accept 接受；C. deserve 值得，应得；D. have 有。由本句中“share his beloved cello(大提琴) with a young musician”可 知，Kellner 想把自己的大提琴和一个有能力的年轻人分享，所以此处指年轻人没有大提琴， 故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在星期五，这位 69 岁的老人到达 Easton Area 中学，亲自把大提 琴送给 Anna Smith，一个在学校管弦乐队的七年级学生。A. stayed at 待在，逗留；B. arrived at 到达；C. passed by 经过；D. moved into 搬进。根据“present his cello to Anna Smith”可知， Kellner 到 Easton Are 中学去送大提琴，故选 B 项。 【4 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在星期五，这位 69 岁的老人到达 Easton Area 中学，亲自把大提 琴送给 Anna Smith，一个在学校管弦乐队的七年级学生。A. secretly 秘密地；B. personally 亲自；C. anxiously 焦虑地；D. normally 正常地。结合语境可知，Kellner 亲自到学校去赠送 大提琴，故选 B 项。 【5 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kellner 是在九年前退休时买的这个大提琴，决定开始培养一个 爱好。A. borrowed 借；B. discovered 发现；C. bought 买；D. advertised 做广告。此处回忆 Kellner 得到大提琴的经历，应该是九年前买的，故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kellner 是在九年前退休时买的这个大提琴，决定开始培养一个 爱好。A. school 学校；B. company 公司，陪伴；C. hobby 兴趣，爱好；D. programme 节目。 由下一句“He spent two years trying to improve his skills”可知，Kellner 花了两年时间来提高技 艺，所以他买大提琴是为了培养兴趣爱好。故选 C 项。 【7 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他花了两年的时间提高弹奏水平，但是由于病痛，继续练习对 他来说很困难。A. unnecessary 不必要的；B. probable 可能的；C. suitable 合适的；D. difficult 困难的。由连词 but 可知，前后为转折关系，所以此处指关节炎使他的练习变得“困难”。故 选 D 项。 【8 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他本可以把大提琴捐赠给当地的音乐组织。A. donated 捐赠；B. reported 报道，报告；C. added 增加；D. connected 连接。上文提到他的关节炎使他不能继续 练习，结合下一句“But he wanted it in the hands of a talented, serous-minded local___9___”可 知，此处指把大提琴捐赠给音乐组织，故选 A 项。 【9 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他想把大提琴送到一个认真有天赋却买不起大提琴的当地学 生手上。A. teacher 老师；B. friend 朋友；C. actor 演员；D. student 学生。由第二段最后一句 中“Anna Smith, a seventh- grader who plays in the school orchestra”可知，Kellner 将大提琴给了 七年级的学生 Anna Smith，故选 D 项。 【10 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校管弦乐队的指导 Donna Palmer 在把范围缩至三个值得的学 生中后很难决定。A. decide 决定；B. explain 解释；C. stop 停止；D. discuss 讨论。由该空 后的“after narrowing down the field to three worthy students”可知，有三个值得的学生，这里说 的是很难决定将大提琴赠给谁，故选 A 项。 【11 题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：最后，这个乐器给了一个 13 岁的女孩，她说希望能一辈子演奏 大提琴。A. By all means 无论如何；B. In the end 最后；C. At least 至少；D. Above all 最重要 的是。根据空后“the instrument was given to a 13-year-old”可知，此处指最终大提琴最后给了 一个 13 岁的女孩，故选 B 项。 【12 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，这个乐器给了一个 13 岁的女孩，她说希望能一辈子演奏 大提琴。A. buy 买；B. borrow 借；C. keep 保持；D. play 玩，弹奏（乐器）。结合语境可知， 这个女孩应该是说希望能一辈子演奏大提琴，故选 D 项。 【13 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为 Kellner 的善举，他能够体验在春季音乐会上听到演奏这把 大提琴的喜悦。A. life 生活；B. effect 影响，作用；C. joy 喜悦；D. loss 失去。因为 Kellner 的善举，他能够在春季音乐会上听到演奏，这应该是一件很令人喜悦的事情，故选 C 项。 【14 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道到她的另一个粉丝在观众席中，这能帮助让 Smith 保持积极 性，或许最终掌握大提琴。A. hospital 医院；B. army 军队；C. classroom 教室；D. audience 观众。根据“At the concert”可知， Smith 的另一个粉丝应该是坐在观众席中，故选 D 项。 【15 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道到她的另一个粉丝在观众席中，这能帮助让 Smith 保持积极 性，或许最终掌握大提琴。A. master 掌握；B. sell 卖；C. return 返回；D. miss 想念，错过。 由“help keep Smith motivated to practise”及副词“eventually”可知，女孩积极练习大提琴，最 终或许能掌握大提琴的演奏方法，故选 A 项。 【16 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kellner 伸出援手，改善一个有天赋的年轻音乐家的生活的决定 是鼓舞人心的。A. decision 决定；B. plan 计划；C. goal 目标；D. permission 许可。由第一段 中“___1___Dave Kellner, of Riegelsville, decided to…”可知，Kellner 没有将大提琴卖掉，而是 赠给一个年轻学生，这是他做的一个决定，故选 A 项。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kellner 伸出援手，改善一个有天赋的年轻音乐家的生活的决 定是鼓舞人心的。A. interesting 有趣的；B. disappointing 令人失望的；C. satisfying 令人满意 的；D. inspiring 鼓舞人心的。从上文内容可知，Kellner 的善举应该是鼓舞人心的，故选 D 项。 【18 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对很多贫困的家庭来说那是一个高昂的价格。A. level 水平；B. price 价格；C. quality 质量；D. risk 风险。本句的主语 That 指代上一句的“$2, 000”，结合“many poor families”可知，2000 美元对很多低收入家庭来说是一个很高价格，故选 B 项。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个有天分和决心的孩子拥有一把大提琴，它可以改变一生。 A. save 挽 救 ； B. end 结 束 ； C. change 改 变 ； D. live 居 住 。 根 据 本 段 第 一 句 “Kellner's____16____to reach out and improve the life of a talented, young musician”并结合语 境可知，此处指改变人生，故选 C 项。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：希望有更多 Dave Kellner 这样的人，理解传递一件心爱乐器的 价值。A. expensive 昂贵的；B. traditional 传统的；C. beloved 心爱的；D. useless 无用的。 根据第一段最后一句中的 his beloved cello 可知，这里应该选 C，与第一段呼应。故选 C 项。 【点睛】 二、阅读理解（共两小节，20 小题； 每小题 2 分， 满分 40 分） 第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选 项。 A After the election day in the United States, there is a period of uncertainty. Both candidates （候选人） could claim victory, and misinformation about the result would go viral. Anger, fake news and hate speech on social media could cause tensions. So what is Big Tech planning to do about it? Twitter Twitter says after election day candidates will not be permitted to claim they have won the election before a declared result. And candidates can't tweet or retweet content that affects with the election process. What will it do if that happens? Twitter will direct people to resources with accurate, up-to-date information about the election status. It won't take down tweets. But these tweets will be labelled. Reddit Reddit appears to go much further than Twitter. It says information that seeks to mislead or misrepresent the election results is not allowed and would be removed from the site. Reddit also has an entire page committed to what happens after the election. The site will host a series of "Ask Me Anything" events from the day after the election.Voting experts will be on hand to answer questions about the vote, and what people can expect in the coming days. YouTube YouTube says it will not allow "misleading claims about voting or content that encourages interference(干扰) in the process". It also says it will remove false content that aims to change the results of an election.That goes further than Twitter and Reddit. Users will face the biggest punishment. YouTube will shut down the account permanently that posts misleading information if necessary. TikTok TikTok says it is working with independent fact checkers during the election period. It says it will remove misinformation related to the 2020 election - including the vote itself. It is also adding an election misinformation option to in-app reporting so that users can flag content. In short, all these social media companies are treating the election, and its aftermath(后果), very seriously.We may know in a few days whether these measures are enough. 21. Which of the following Apps will not remove the misinformation? A. Twitter B. Reddit C. YouTube D. TikTok 22. What is special about the Reddit? A. It removes misleading information. B. It encourages users to flag the content. C. It connects users with voting experts. D. It directs users to certain accounts. 23. Which is the most seirous punishment according to the passage? A. Your account will be labelled. B. All your false content will be removed. C. Your account can be closed down forever. D. The users may be flagged. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 【解析】 本文是应用文。在美国大选日之后，有一段时期的不确定性。两个候选人都可能声称获胜， 而关于结果的错误信息将传播开来。 社交媒体上的愤怒、假新闻和仇恨言论可能会引起紧 张局势。文章介绍了几个主流社交媒体对此作出的反应。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Twitter 部分第二段的“Twitter will direct people to resources with accurate, up-to-date information about the election status. It won't take down tweets. But these tweets will be labelled.( 推特将引导人们获得关于选举状况的准确、最新信息的资源。它不会删除推文， 但是这些推文会被打上标签) ”可知，推特不会删除错误信息。故选 A。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Reddit 部分第二段的“Voting experts will be on hand to answer questions about the vote, and what people can expect in the coming days.( 投票专家将在场回答关于投票 的问题，以及人们在未来几天能期待什么。)”可知，Reddit 将用户和投票专家联系起来。故 选 C。 【23 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Youtube 部分第二段的“Users will face the biggest punishment. YouTube will shut down the account permanently that posts misleading information if necessary.(用户将面临最 大的惩罚，如有必要，YouTube 将永久关闭发布误导性信息的帐户。)”可知，最严重的惩罚 是永久关闭账户。故选 C。 B Five days after the roadside incident, I took my first coronavirus test. I felt exhausted and fragile, my head and joints aching. "I've heard that it hurts," I said to the blue-gowned woman who held what resembled a very long Q-Tip."I wouldn't say it hurts," she said, "but it is uncomfortable, for sure." A tear rolled down my cheek. If indeed I had the virus, I knew of only one possible exposure. Had I done the right thing on that dark country road? It was a Saturday in early September. At home in the pandemic（世界流行病） I sometimes felt trapped. I loaded our three children into the minivan and drove about 80 miles from metro Atlanta to Yonah Mountain, a remote peak near the end of the Blue Ridge. This was a wild mountain, rather than a tourist destination, but we enjoyed the view and the feeling of freedom. At dusk, we were hurrying down the mountain against the oncoming night when I heard a man calling for help. During the pandemic, I didn't stop as much as I used to, especially when it might put the children at risk. But there was no telling what misfortune might have found him on this lonely road. I stopped the van and opened my window. A young man in a white T-shirt appeared at the front passenger window, his mask dangling from(悬于) one ear. Seeming a little drunk, he said he had a fight with his girlfriend and was forced out of the car, and now he needed a ride home. I told the man we were being careful with the virus and all. But he insisted he was being careful too, and begged whether he could have a ride home. "Okay, if you say so." I said, and asked him to put on his mask.I prayed a silent prayer and kept the windows open. In a strange town on a strange night, the young man was mostly polite, but he did swear a lot, as some people do when they're drunk. I followed his directions and drove him to his destination. Six days later, I got an email with an ominous(不祥的) subject line: Your COVID-19 Test Results. I'd felt sick and tired and guilty for much of the week, and my heart pounded as I clicked the link. Part of me wanted to be positive, to finally confront the monster that was stalking us all, to have the fight and survive it and just stop being afraid. I entered my date of birth and pressed the button. 24. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To show the author’s relationship with medical workers. B. To arouse readers’ interest in the story. C. To provide the backgroud information. D. To explain the course of testing COVID-19. 25. By saying the underlined sentence, what does the author aim to do? A. Stress the importance of self-protection. B. Remind him to take coronavirus test. C. Start a conversation with the stranger. D. Try to refuse him without saying no. 26. Which word can best describe the author, according to paragraph 3? A. Impolite B. Considerate C. Indifferent D. Independent 27. Why does the author want the test result to be “positive”? A. He wants to relieve the anxiety. B. He wishes to escape from countless work. C. He would like to take a vacation with his families. D. He is guilty of staying at home for a long time. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在新冠病毒流行期间，作者做了检查怀疑自己患上了新冠 状病毒。作者回忆了自己可能是如何患上该病毒的。作者感到焦虑。 【24 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Five days after the roadside incident, I took my first coronavirus test. I felt exhausted and fragile, my head and joints aching. "I've heard that it hurts," I said to the blue-gowned woman who held what resembled a very long Q-Tip. "I wouldn't say it hurts," she said, "but it is uncomfortable, for sure." A tear rolled down my cheek. If indeed I had the virus, I knew of only one possible exposure. Had I done the right thing on that dark country road?”（路边 事故发生五天后，我进行了第一次冠状病毒测试。我感到筋疲力尽，身体虚弱，头部和关节 疼痛不已。“我听说那很疼，”我对那个穿着蓝色长袍的女人说，她手里拿着一个类似很长 棉签的东西。“我不会说这很疼，”她说，“但这确实让人不舒服。”一滴眼泪从我的脸颊 滑落。如果我确实感染了这种病毒，我只知道一种可能的感染途径。我在那条黑暗的乡间小 路上做的对吗？）可知，作者要进行第一次冠状病毒测试，测试中引起作者的复杂焦虑心情， 回想，会不会是真的被传染上了，最后的问句，说明本段是为了引起读者对黑暗的乡间小路 故事的兴趣。故选 B 项。 【25 题详解】 推理判断题。根据上一段中“During the pandemic, I didn't stop as much as I used to, especially when it might put the children at risk.”（在流感大流行期间，我没有像过去那样频繁地停下 来，尤其是当它可能将孩子置于危险之中的时候。）可知，作者对流行病的担心，再根据后 文“"Okay, if you say so." I said, and asked him to put on his mask. I prayed a silent prayer and kept the windows open.”（“好吧，既然你这么说。”我说着，让他戴上面具。我默默地祈 祷了一会儿，然后把窗户开着。）可知，作者非常无奈地小心地答应请求，所以，划线句子 “I told the man we were being careful with the virus and all.”（我告诉他我们对病毒时很谨慎 的。）是想婉言拒绝对方的请求。故选 D 项。 【26 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“During the pandemic, I didn't stop as much as I used to, especially when it might put the children at risk. But there was no telling what misfortune might have found him on this lonely road. I stopped the van and opened my window.”（在病毒大流行期间，我没 有像过去那样频繁地停下来，尤其是当它可能将孩子置于危险之中的时候。但是谁也不知道 他在这条孤独的路上会遇到什么样的不幸。我停下车，打开窗户。）可知，作者虽然很担心 病毒传染，但是看到别人在这孤独的路上遇到困难的时候，还是停下车，打开窗户，准备帮 助，所以作者是“体谅他人的”。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Six days later, I got an email with an ominous(不祥的) subject line: Your COVID-19 Test Results. I'd felt sick and tired and guilty for much of the week, and my heart pounded as I clicked the link. Part of me wanted to be positive, to finally confront the monster that was stalking us all, to have the fight and survive it and just stop being afraid. I entered my date of birth and pressed the button.”（ 六天后，我收到一封邮件，邮件的主题是: 你的 2019 冠状病毒疾病测试结果。这一周的大部分时间里，我都感到恶心、疲惫和内疚， 点击链接时，我的心怦怦直跳。我的一部分希望是阳性的（积极的），最终面对那个正在跟 踪我们所有人的怪物，去战斗并生存下来，结束恐惧。我输入了我的出生日期并按下了按钮。） 可知，作者之所以希望检测结果是“阳性的”，是要面对病毒这个怪物，结束恐惧，缓解焦 虑。故选 A 项。 C History can be found at every turn and every corner, as you walk on the streets of this architectural marvel of the city, and at Powis Place and Fraser Studios, you are just a short 15-minute walk away from one of the oldest universities in the country. Information about the University of Aberdeen can be found to as far back as 1495, with a beautiful medieval (中世纪的) campus to back up its claims. All of these make it the fifth oldest university in the whole of the UK, and as a result it has always been a well-regarded higher education establishment. Having been voted the Scottish University of 2019 and ranked in the Top 30 Universities in the UK in 2019, it appeals to people from all over the UK and abroad. With distance learning options, it is an attractive choice to many students. The Sir Duncan Rice Library has perfect views of the entire city and beaches, and the university has one of the largest medical campuses in the whole of Europe. Aberdeen University Students' Association (AUSA) is home to over 150 societies and hundreds of activities relating to those societies. It ensures that whatever you are interested in you are well served when moving to the city as a student. It is a fantastic way to meet and make new friends with people from all over the world. Within the Association, there is a cafe and a shop, with many food stands providing daily refreshments (茶点) during breaks between lectures and study. There are also plenty of volunteering and training opportunities to take part in, whether you are looking for a hobby, to help others, to present your CV, or all of the above. The University of Aberdeen certainly holds some reputations, home to five previous Nobel Prize Winners, an internationally-focused university in teaching and research, and even its very own tartan(格子昵) created in 1992 to celebrate the university 's 500th anniversary. 28. How long might be the history of the University of Aberdeen? A. About 150 years B. About 300 years C. About 280 years D. About 500 years 29. What can we do in the Sir Duncan Rice Library? A. Participate in various training programmes. B. Enjoy refreshments at lunch time. C. Appreciate the whole city and beaches. D. Conduct distance teaching. 30. What can we know about Aberdeen University? A. Five scientists won the Nobel Prize in 2019. B. It is the 30th biggest university in Europe. C. It has the largest medical campus in the world. D. It gained the Scottish University of 2019. 31. Where do you think the passage is likely from? A. A University brochure B. A travel guideline C. A history textbook D. A government report 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D 31. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍 University of Aberdeen 的成立、发展史以及学校的特色。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“ Information about the University of Aberdeen can be found to as far back as 1495, with a beautiful medieval (中世纪的) campus to back up its claims.(关于 Aberdeen 大学的信息可以追溯到 1495 年，它有一个美丽的中世纪校园来支持它的说法。)”根据第二 段中“It has been voted the Scottish University of 2019 and is ranked in the Top 30 Universities in the UK in 2019. (它被选为 2019 年度苏格兰大学，并在 2019 年英国大学排名前 30。可知 Aberdeen 大学的历史从 1495 年开始，迄今约 500 多年的历史，故选 D 项。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Sir Duncan Rice Library has perfect views of the entire city and beaches, and the university has one of the largest medical campuses in the whole of Europe.(在 Sir Duncan Rice 图书馆可以看到整个城市和海滩的完美景色，大学还有全欧洲最大的医学院之 一。)”可知在 Sir Duncan Rice 图书馆可以欣赏整个城市和海滩的完美景色，故选 C 项。 【30 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It has been voted the Scottish University of 2019 and is ranked in the Top 30 Universities in the UK in 2019. (它被选为 2019 年度苏格兰大学，并在 2019 年英国 大学排名前 30。)”可知,Aberdeen University 获得了 2019 年度苏格兰大学的名誉。故选 D 项。 【31 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“ Information about the University of Aberdeen can be found to as far back as 1495, with a beautiful medieval (中世纪的) campus to back up its claims.(关于 Aberdeen 大学的信息可以追溯到 1495 年，它有一个美丽的中世纪校园来支持它的说法。)”，以及第 二段“Having been voted the Scottish University of 2019 and ranked in the Top 30 Universities in the UK in 2019, it appeals to people from all over the UK and abroad. (2019 年被选为苏格兰 2019 年度大学，并在 2019 年英国前 30 名大学中排名，它吸引了来自英国各地和海外的人 们。)”结合全文对 University of Aberdeen 的详细介绍可知本文主要内容是介绍一所大学 ——University of Aberdeen，所以本篇文章应该是来自一本大学宣传册。故选 A 项。 D Gold, oil and diomand are obviously worth a lot. But some valuable products are less obvious -- and much more off-putting. New research has shown that the waste produced by seabirds could be worth nearly half a billion dollars annually. That's because seabird feces(排泄物), also known as guano, can be used as commercial fertilizer and is vital for contributing nutrients to marine ecosystems. In an effort to raise awareness about the importance of seabirds and protecting their habitats, scientists set out to quantify(量化) the contributions of seabirds and show the cost of declining seabird populations by valuing their waste. Its value is estimated at more than $473 million each year and possibly much more, according to a new paper published today in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution. "Guano production is an ecosystem service made by seabirds at no cost to us -- I can go to an island, collect the guano, and sell it at market price as fertilizer," study coauthor Marcus V. Cianciaruso, an ecology professor at the Federal University of Goiás in Brazil, said in a press release. "Because there is this scientific and biological importance, it's possible to quantify seabird ecosystem services in a language that the general public and policymakers can begin to understand." Although only a few seabird species produce guano that is currently commercialized in Peru, Chile and other countries, the waste of other birds contributes vital nutrients to marine ecosystems and is also important for coastal economies. In coral reef ecosystems, the nutrients from guano can increase the number of reef fish by up to 48%. That's important for fisheries and tourism in places like the Caribbean, Southeast Asia and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. "We made a very conservative estimate that 10% of coral reef fish stocks depend on seabird nutrients," said Plazas-Jiménez. "According to the United Nations and the Australian government, the annual economic returns of commercial fisheries on coral reefs is over $6 billion. So 10% of this value is around $600 million per year." 32. Which of the following word can best replace the word “off-putting” ? A. exciting B. discouraging C. flexible D. disgusting 33. What can we infer according to what Marcus V. Cianciaruso said? A. Policymakers have understood the value of protecting seabirds very well. B. The waste of seabirds can bring severe pollution to the ecosystem. C. Seabirds can assist us in cleaning the environment. D. Valuing seabirds’ waste can help people realize the importance of seabirds. 34. How does the author prove the economic value of seabirds’ waste in paragraph 6? A. Giving examples B. Providing figures C. Making comparison D. Analyzing cause and effect 35. Which of the following might be the best title? A. Environmental Protection Counts B. Waste can be Worth Millions C. Fisheries Catch a Break D. A New Business 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 35. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海鸟粪便具有巨大价值，它不仅给海洋生态系统提供了至关重 要的营养物质，而且对沿海经济也很重要。 【32 题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第一段划线词前面句子 “Gold, oil and diamond are obviously worth a lot. But some valuable products are less obvious ”（ 黄金、石油和钻石显然价值 不菲。但一些有价值的东西却不那么明显）以及后面句子 “New research has shown that the waste produced by seabirds could be worth nearly half a billion dollars annually.”（新的研究表明，海鸟产生的粪便每年可能价值近 5 亿美元）可知，跟黄金、 石油、钻石相比，一方面海鸟粪便同样有巨大价值，但是不明显；另一方面，根据常识，与 黄金、钻石等的绚丽多彩相比，海鸟废弃物就令人恶心（disgusting）。故选 D 项。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段“"Guano production is an ecosystem service made by seabirds at no cost to us -- I can go to an island, collect the guano, and sell it at market price as fertilizer," ” （ “鸟粪生产是海鸟免费为我们提供的一种生态系统服务——我可以去一个小岛，收集鸟 粪，然后以市场价格作为肥料出售，”）及“"Because there is this scientific and biological importance, it's possible to quantify seabird ecosystem services in a language that the general public and policymakers can begin to understand." ”（ “由于海鸟在科学和生物学上的重要 性，我们可以用公众和政策制定者能够开始理解的语言来量化海鸟的生态系统服务。”）可 知，评估海鸟废弃物的价值可以帮助人们认识到海鸟的重要性，D 项正确。A 项称政策制定 者很清楚保护海鸟的重要价值，而文中说“用公众和政策制定者能够开始理解的语言来量化 海鸟的生态系统”，说明政策制定者并不了解其重要性，A 项错误；B 项称海鸟废弃物给生 态系统造成巨大污染，在 Marcus V. Cianciaruso 的话中没有体现，B 项错误；C 项称海鸟帮 助我们清洁环境，在 Marcus V. Cianciaruso 的话中也没有体现，C 项错误。故选 D 项。 【34 题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第六段“In coral reef ecosystems, the nutrients from guano can increase the number of reef fish by up to 48%. ”（ 在珊瑚礁生态系统中，鸟粪中的营养物质可以使珊瑚 鱼的数量增加 48% 。）、“"We made a very conservative estimate that 10% of coral reef fish stocks depend on seabird nutrients," ”（ “我们非常保守地估计，10% 的珊瑚礁鱼类资源依 赖于海鸟的养分。”）以及“"According to the United Nations and the Australian government, the annual economic returns of commercial fisheries on coral reefs is over $6 billion. So 10% of this value is around $600 million per year."”（“根据联合国和澳大利亚政府的资料，珊瑚礁 商业渔业每年的经济回报超过 60 亿美元。所以这个价值的 10% 大约是每年 6 亿美元。”） 可知，第六段主要使用各类数据（figure）来验证海鸟废弃物的经济价值。故选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“New research has shown that the waste produced by seabirds could be worth nearly half a billion dollars annually.”（ 新的研究表明，海鸟产生的粪便每年可能价 值近 5 亿美元。）这一主题句及各段落中心思想可知，本文主要讨论海鸟粪便的巨大价值。 故最好的标题应是“粪便也可价值百万”。故选 B 项。 第二节（ 共 5 小题； 每小题 2 分， 满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两 项为多余选项。 This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing． Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them． They can seem forgetful and clumsy．___36___They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things．But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history．___37___Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others． Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams．___38___And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings．It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate． “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep．___39___Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away．___40___Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds． A. Having interesting things to think about also helps． B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves． C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes． D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses． E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive． F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand． G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone． 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. G 【解析】 本文属于说明文，介绍了每个人都会做的白日梦，白日梦有不好的方面，但也有很多好的地 方。文章中给出了三条很好的利用其积极面的建议。 【36 题详解】 考查逻辑关系。根据第一段主要说的是大众印象中的白日做梦有哪些弊端，选项在文章前后 句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。B 项：They stare off into space and wander by themselves．他 们凝视着天空，独自漫步，符合语境，故选 B。 【37 题详解】 考查逻辑例证。本段话锋一转说到了白日做梦其实有着很多的好处．选项前后依然是顺承关 系。C 项：Without wandering minds，we wouldn't have relatively，Coke or Post-it notes．没有 恍惚的思绪，我们将不会有相对论、可乐或者便条．符合文意．故选 C。 【38 题详解】 考查逻辑关系。根据上句 Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams．可知感 觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。本选项中的 it 指代前句的动名词短语 feeling safe and relaxed，解题线索明显，故选 E。 【39 题详解】 考查逻辑关系。本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，A 项：Having interesting things to think about also helps．思考感兴趣的事情也是有帮助的，符合文意。且选项中有 also 为提示 词，故选 A。 【40 题详解】 考查逻辑关系。根据上句 Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away．可知你永远不会知道好的想法会什么时候出现，然而可能会慢 慢忘记。G 项：Therefore，it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone．因此，你应该带一个本子随时记，本选项中的逻辑词 Therefore 可为做 题线索之一，故选 G。 三、完形填空（二）（共 20 小题； 每小题 1.5 分， 满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选 出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many little kids dream of changing the world, but how does someone so____41____make a difference to a place so big? This 5-year-old boy from the UK may have found a____42____. Toby is reaching out to every country through letters. He’s___43___to contact at least one person from each country -- and get a____44____. Toby’s mission began with a___45___assignment from school. His mother, Sabine, said. He was asked to read a book called A Letter to New Zealand, which ____46____ the journey a letter takes. ____47____reading it, he asked, “Mummy, can I write a letter to New Zealand?” And while I was still trying to ____48____ how to answer that, he said, “Can I write a letter to the ____49____ world?” At first she thought his_____50_____ for the project would _____51_____, but 239 letters later, Toby is still going strong. _____52_____ he’s written to 187 countries and received many replies. But Toby’s project won’t _____53_____ there. The 5-year-old also wants to find a way to help the people he’s _____54_____ with. “When we started writing letters, we _____55_____with easily accessible First World countries,” his mother added. “Suddenly, we got a(n) _____56_____in Somalia. When we researched the country, Toby was _____57_____ and asked what he could do to help. Together, we _____58_____a charity whose work was accessible to children.” Toby chose the ShelterBox, a charity that provides for families and children who have _____59_____everything due to disasters. Just today, Toby met his _____60_____ of raising $ 950. “I want the world to be a better place,”Toby said. 41. A. small B. noisy C. lovely D. clever 42. A. partner B. skill C. friend D. way 43. A. careful B. determined C. satisfied D. proud 44. A. response B. story C. permit D. result 45. A. speaking B. writing C. listening D. reading 46. A. begins B. describes C. explains D. completes 47. A. Until B. Before C. After D. Despite 48. A. show B. understand C. prepare for D. figure out 49. A. free B. new C. whole D. other 50. A. support B. concern C. enthusiasm D. sympathy 51. A. return B. spread C. fade D. develop 52. A. After all B. However C. So far D. Therefore 53. A. pass B. end C. apply D. expand 54. A. connected B. stayed C. played D. competed 55. A. kicked off B. negotiated C. worked D. caught up 56. A. idea B. address C. question D. deal 57. A. scared B. excited C. happy D. sad 58. A. looked for B. set up C. headed for D. dropped into 59. A. requested B. lost C. recorded D. provided 60. A. standard B. match C. challenge D. goal 【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. C 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. D 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。五岁的小男孩 Toby 有一个大的梦想，他要给世界上的每个国家都寄一 封信，学着去感受世界，让世界变得更美好。 【41 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多小孩都梦想着改变世界，但是一个如此小的人怎么能改变 一个如此大的地方呢?A. small 小的；B. noisy 吵闹的；C. lovely 可爱的；D. clever 聪明的。 由句意可知 someone 指的是前文的 little kids(小孩)，所以应选择 small 作后置定语，someone so small 与 a place so big 形成对比，故选 A 项。 【42 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个来自英国的 5 岁男孩可能已经找到了一种方法。A. partner 伙 伴；B. skill 技巧，技能；C. friend 朋友；D. way 方法，道路。根据前文问题“ but how does someone so 1 make a difference to a place so big? (但是一个如此小的人怎么 能改变一个如此大的地方呢?)”可知，此处表示五岁小孩可能找到了一个能影响世界的方法， 故选 D 项。 【43 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他决定与每个国家至少一个人取得联系，并得到回复。A. careful 小心的，仔细的；B. determined 有决心的；C. satisfied 满意的；D. proud 自豪的，骄傲的。 根据下文“ he’s written to 187 countries and received many replies.(他已经给 187 个国家写信， 并收到了许多回复。)”可知他决定与每个国家至少一个人取得联系，短语 be determined to do 表示“决定做某事”，故选 B 项。 【44 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他决定与每个国家至少一个人取得联系，并得到回复。A. response 回应，反应；B. story 故事；C. permit 执照，许可；D. result 结果。根据下文“ he’s written to 187 countries and received many replies.(他已经给 187 个国家写信，并收到了许多回复。)”可 知他决定与每个国家至少一个人取得联系，并得到回复。故选 A 项。 【45 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：托比的任务从学校布置的阅读作业开始。A.speaking 说；B. writing 写；C. listening 听；D. reading 读。根据下文“He was asked to read a book called A Letter to New Zealand.(他被要求阅读一本名为《致新西兰的信》的书)”可知学校老师布置了阅读作业，故 选 D 项。 【46 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被要求阅读一本名为《致新西兰的信》的书，书中描述了一封 信的旅程。A. begins 开始；B. describes 描述；C. explains 解释；D. completes 完成。根据 书名 A Letter to New Zealand(《致新西兰的信》)可知书中描述了一封信的旅程，故选 B 项。 【47 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：读完后，他问:“妈妈，我可以给新西兰写封信吗?”A. Until 直 到......；B. Before 在......之前；C. After 在......之后；D. Despite 即使，尽管。前文 提到学校老师布置的作业是阅读 A Letter to New Zealand(《致新西兰的信》)结合托比的问题 内容“妈妈，我可以给新西兰写封信吗?”可知托比提问是在阅读之后，故选 C 项。 【48 题详解】 考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我还在思考如何回答这个问题时，他说，“我可以给 全世界写一封信吗?”A. show 展示；B. understand 理解；C. prepare for 为......做准备；D. figure out 解决，算出，思考。上文提到托比像妈妈提问，可知此时妈妈应是在“思考”如何回 答托比的问题，故选 D 项。 【49 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我还在思考如何回答这个问题时，他说，“我可以给全世界 写一封信吗?”A. free 免费，自由，空闲；B. new 新的；C. whole 整个的；D. other 其他的。 根据上文“Toby is reaching out to every country through letters.(托比正在通过信件联系每个国 家。)”可知托比正在通过信件联系每个国家，所以他接着提出的问题应是“我可以给全世界 写一封信吗?”，故选 C 项。 【50 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，她以为托比对这个项目的热情会消退，但写了 239 封信之 后，托比依然精神矍铄。A. support 支持；B. concern 关注；C. enthusiasm 热情；D. sympathy 同情。根据下文“but 239 letters later, Toby is still going strong.(但写了 239 封信之后，托比依 然精神矍铄。)”可知妈妈起初认为托比的“热情”会消退，故选 C 项。 【51 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，她以为托比对这个项目的热情会消退，但写了 239 封信之 后，托比依然精神矍铄。A. return 返回；B. spread 传播；C. fade 消退；D. develop 发展。 根据下文“but 239 letters later, Toby is still going strong.(但写了 239 封信之后，托比依然精神 矍铄。)”可知妈妈起初认为托比的“热情”会消退，故选 C 项。 【52 题详解】 考查副词/副词短语词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，他已经给 187 个国家写信，并收到了许 多回复。A. After all 毕竟；B. However 然而；C. So far 到目前为止；D. Therefore 因此。根 据上文的“ He’s 3 to contact at least one person from each country -- and get a 4 . (他决 定与每个国家至少一个人取得联系，并得到回复。)”结合句子时态使用了现在完成时可知， 此处应使用副词短语 so far 作状语，此处表示“到目前为止，他已经收到了许多回复。”，故 选 C 项。 【53 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但托比的计划不会就此结束。A. pass 超过；B. end 结束，止于； C. apply 申请，应用；D. expand 扩张。根据下文“The 5-year-old also wants to find a way to help the people he’s 14 with.(这个 5 岁的孩子也想找到一种方法来帮助那些与他有联系的 人。)”可知他的计划不止于写信，故选 B 项。 【54 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个 5 岁的孩子也想找到一种方法来帮助那些与他有联系的人。 A. connected 联系；B. stayed 呆，保持；C. played 玩，打 D. competed 竞争。根据前文出现 的“write a letter(写信)”与“contact(联系)”可知是帮助与他“联系”的人，故选 A 项。 【55 题详解】 考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：他的母亲补充说:“当我们开始写信的时候，我们是从容 易到达的第一世界国家开始的。”A. kicked off 开始……；B. negotiated 协商；C. worked 工 作；D. caught up 赶上。根据前文“When we started writing letters(当我们开始写信的时候)” 可知是从容易到达的第一世界国家开始的，故选 A 项。 【56 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“突然，我们在索马里有了一个地址。当我们调查这个国家时， 托比很难过，问他能帮上什么忙。我们一起寻找一个工作对孩子们开放的慈善机构。”A. idea 想法，主意；B. address 地址；C. question 问题；D. deal 约定，成交。写信需要地址，所以 可知此处是得到了一个索马里的地址，故选 B 项。 【57 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“突然，我们在索马里有了一个地址。当我们调查这个国家时， 托比很难过，问他能帮上什么忙。我们一起寻找一个工作对孩子们开放的慈善机构。”A. scared 害怕的； B. excited 激动的；C. happy 开心的；D. sad 难过的，遗憾的。根据并列句 “asked what he could do to help.(问他能帮上什么忙。)”可知托比了解索马里的情况后感到难 过，遗憾。故选 D 项。 【58 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“突然，我们在索马里有了一个地址。当我们调查这个国家时， 托比很难过，问他能帮上什么忙。我们一起寻找一个工作对孩子们开放的慈善机构。”A. looked for 寻找；B. set up 建立；C. headed for 前往，出发，取向于；D. dropped into 不知 不觉变得，偶然进入。根据下文“Toby chose the ShelterBox, a charity that provides for families and children who have 19 everything due to disasters. (托比选择了 ShelterBox，这是一个为 在灾难中失去一切的家庭和孩子提供帮助的慈善机构。)”可知托比和妈妈“寻找”可以提供帮 助的慈善机构，故选 A 项。 【59 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：托比选择了 ShelterBox，这是一个为因为灾难中失去一切的家庭 和孩子提供帮助的慈善机构。A. requested 提问；B. lost 失去；C. recorded 记录；D. provided 提供。根据“due to disasters.(因为灾难)”可知是“失去”一切，故选 B 项。 【60 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在今天，托比达到了筹集 950 美元的目标。A. standard 标准； B. match 比赛，匹配；C. challenge 挑战；D. goal 目标。根据“ raising $ 950. (筹集 950 美元)” 可知这是一个目标，故选 D 项。 第 II 卷 非选择题部分 四、语法填空 （ 共 10 小题； 每小题 1.5 分， 满分 15 分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过三个单词）。 Glasgow University has renamed its engineering school___61___a Scots inventor credited with helping to kick-start the industrial revolution. The move is part of a year-long___62___(celebrate) of James Watt's life and work,____63____(mark)the 200th anniversary of his death. Watt was renowned for his contribution to steam engine technology. The first working steam engine was patented in 1698 and the by the time of Watt’s birth, Newcomen engines were pumping water from____64____(mine)all over the country. Watt worked___65___an instrument-maker at the university when he made improvements to a Newcomen steam engine in 1765. Greenock-born Watt added____66____separate condenser(冷凝器) to the engine, making it____67____(vast) efficient. "The importance of Watt's contribution to the field of engineering can't really___68___(overstate), and we're very proud to be associated with the improvements he made to the Newcomen steam engine," said the head of the James Watt School of Engineering, Professor David Cumming."The world ____69____(come)a long way over the last 200 years, and much of that distance was covered using technology derived from the principles he established." It seemed____70____(suit) to mark the start of the third century of a post-Watt world with the renaming of the school." 【答案】61. after 62. celebration 63. marking 64. mines 65. as 66. a 67. vastly 68. be overstated 69. has come 70. suitable/suited 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是格拉斯哥大学（Glasgow University）以一位苏格兰发明家詹 姆斯·瓦特的名字重新命名了它的工程学院以此纪念詹姆斯·瓦特逝世 200 周年，纪念他的一 生和他做出的突出贡献。 【61 题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：在一位苏格兰发明家被认为是推动工业革命的功臣之后，格拉斯哥大 学（Glasgow University）以这位发明家的名字重新命名了它的工程学院。分析句子可知此处 包含了一个时间状语从句，由句意可知是“在……之后”，所以应用 after 引导该从句，故 填 after。 【62 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一举动是为了纪念詹姆斯·瓦特逝世 200 周年，以纪念他的一生和工作 的长达一年的活动的部分内容。根据空前的形容词短语 a year-long(一整年的)可知此处应填 入名词 celebration 作宾语，故填 celebration。 【63 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一举动是为了纪念詹姆斯·瓦特逝世 200 周年，以纪念他的一生 和工作的长达一年的活动的部分内容。分析句子结构可知谓语动词为 is，mark 在此用作非 谓语动词，结合句意可知，主语和 mark 是主动关系，应使用现在分词 marking 作伴随状语， 故填 marking。 【64 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：1698 年，第一个工作的蒸汽机获得了专利。瓦特出生的时候，Newcomen 的蒸汽机已经在全国各地的矿井抽水了。mine(矿井)为可数名词单数，由句意“全国各地的 矿井”可知，此处应使用复数，故填 mines。 【65 题详解】 考查介词。句意：瓦特在大学里做仪器制造商时，在 1765 年改进了 Newcomen 的一台蒸汽 机。由动词 work 可知此处使用的是固定短语 work as，表示“担任……”，故填 as。 【66 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：出生于格林诺克的瓦特在发动机上加了一个单独的冷凝器，大大提高了发 动机的效率。由句意可知名词 separate condenser(冷凝器)为可数名词单数，需要使用不定冠 词修饰，separate 为辅音发音开头，应使用不定冠词 a，故填 a。 【67 题详解】 考查副词。句意：出生于格林诺克的瓦特在发动机上加了一个单独的冷凝器，大大提高了发 动机的效率。修饰形容词 efficient，应使用副词作状语，表示程度，故填 vastly。 【68 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：瓦特对工程领域的贡献的重要性怎么强调都不为过，我们很自豪能与 他对 Newcomen 蒸汽机的改进联系在一起。分析句子结合句意可知，动词 overstate(夸大， 强调)与主语 The importance of Watt's contribution to the field of engineering(瓦特对工程领域 的贡献的重要性)之间为被动关系，谓语动词应使用“be+动词的过去分词”形式，空前有情态 动词 can，故填 be overstated。 【69 题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去的 200 年里，世界已经走过了漫长的道路，而这段距离的大部分都 是通过他所建立的原则衍生出来的技术来实现的。分析句子结构可知句子缺少谓语动词，根 据时间状语 over the last 200 years(在过去的 200 年里)可知，时态应为现在完成时，谓语动词 应使用“have/has+动词的过去分词”形式，主语 The world 为单数，谓语动词应单数形式，故 填 has come。 【70 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：学校的重新命名似乎适合标志着后瓦特时代的第三世纪的开始。分析句 子结构结合系动词 seemed 可知此处缺少表语，由句意可知应使用形容词形式作表语，suit 的形容词形式为 suitable/suited，表示“适合的”，故填 suitable/suited。 五、短文改错（共 10 处错误； 每处 1 分， 满分 10 分） 71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处,多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 My uncle, director of Yonghua Company, has several expensive cars, which he used to enjoy driving. However, recently he has begun to ride his bicycle at and from work following a doctor's advices. The benefits of the change are obviously. He has become more energetic and is in good shape than before. Besides, he is happy that he can make difference to reducing pollution and preserving natural resources. Follow his example, more and more people in his company, which spend a lot of time sitting in the office every day, have been started using bicycles, saying that with the popularity of shared bicycles, this is extremely convenient. Now this has become a new fashion in the company to go green or keep fit. 【答案】1. at→to 2. advices→advice 3. obviously→obvious 4. good→better 5. difference 前加 a 6. Follow→Following 7. which→who 8. 去掉 been 9. this→it 10. or→and 【解析】 【分析】 本文是记叙文。作者讲述了叔叔听从医生的建议，骑自行车上下班，变得精力更充沛，体形 更好。后来他公司里越来越多的人效仿他骑自行车上下班，现在这已经成为公司走向绿色或 保持健康的新时尚。 【详解】1.考查固定用法。句意：然而，最近他开始听从医生的建议骑自行车上下班。to and from work 表示“上下班”，根据句意，故将 at 改为 to。 2.考查名词。句意：然而，最近他开始听从医生的建议骑自行车上下班。advice“建议” 是不可数名词，故将 advices 改为 advice。 3.考查形容词。句意：这种改变的益处是明显的。are 是 be 动词，接形容词作表语，故 将 obviously 改为 obvious。 4.考查形容词比较级。句意：他比以前精力更充沛，体形更好。由“than before”可知， 用比较级，and 前的“more energetic”也是提示，故将 good 改为 better。 5.考查固定短语。句意：此外，他很高兴他能在减少污染和保护自然资源方面有所作为。 make a difference“有影响；起作用”是固定短语，根据句意，故 difference 前加 a。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意：以他为榜样，他的公司里越来越多的人，已经开始使用自行 车，他们每天花很多时间坐在办公室里，说随着共享自行车的普及，它是非常方便的。 分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是 have been started，故 follow 用非谓语动词形式作状语， follow 与逻辑主语 more and more people 是主动关系，用现在分词，故将 Follow 改为 Following。 7.考查定语从句。句意：以他为例，他的公司里越来越多的人，已经开始使用自行车， 他们每天花很多时间坐在办公室里，说随着共享自行车的普及，它是非常方便的。分析 句子可知，“which spend a lot of time sitting in the office every day”是一个非限制性定语 从句，修饰先行词 people，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词 who 引导该从句， that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，故将 which 改为 who。 8.考查语态。句意：以他为例，他的公司里越来越多的人，已经开始使用自行车，他们 每天花很多时间坐在办公室里，说随着共享自行车的普及，它是非常方便的。分析句子 可知，主语是 people，与谓语动词 start 是主动关系，用主动语态，故去掉 have 后的 been。 9.考查代词 it。句意：以他为例，他的公司里越来越多的人，已经开始使用自行车，他 们每天花很多时间坐在办公室里，说随着共享自行车的普及，它是非常方便的。根据句 意可知，此处指代上文提到的“using bicycles”，用代词 it，故将 this 改为 it。 10.考查连词。句意：现在，这已经成为公司走向绿色或保持健康的新时尚。根据句意， 前后文是并列关系，不是选择关系，故将 or 改为 and。 六、书面表达（ 满分 25 分） 72. 你的好友 Eric 作为英国交换生在中国学习，即将回国，他想向他寄宿的家庭（host family） 表达这一年来对他的照顾的感激，但不知该如何表示，向你求助。请你以 Peter 的名义写信， 给他一些建议。 要点如下： 1. 写信的目的。 2. 具体的建议。 3. 表达祝愿。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Eric, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________ Yours sincerely, Peter 【答案】Dear Eric, Delighted to know that you will return home, I am writing this letter in response to the question in your last letter about how to express your gratitude towards your host family for their devotion to you. Frankly speaking, it can be puzzling when it comes to expressing thanks in China, especially for a foreigner like you . However, there certainly exists a rule you should stick to, that is to express with sincerity. If I were you, I would prepare a special present for each of the family members with thanks note attached to it. More importantly, specific details about their acts of kindness should be included, which can definitely melt people’s hearts. May you have a wonderful journey back home! Yours Sincerely, Peter. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的好友 Eric 作为英国交换生在中国学习，即将回国，他想向 他寄宿的家庭表达这一年来对他的照顾的感激，但不知该如何表示，向你求助。要求考生以 Peter 的名义给他写一封建议信。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 写信的目的。 2. 具体的建议。 3. 表达祝愿。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） Delighted to do; return home; in response to; last; express; gratitude; host family; devotion; Frankly speaking; puzzling; when it comes to doing; especially; However; certainly; exists; stick to; sincerity; prepare for; thanks note; attach; More importantly; specific details ; include; definitely melt. 第三步：连词成句 1.Delighted to know that you will return home, I am writing this letter in response to the question in your last letter about how to express your gratitude towards your host family for their devotion to you. 2.Frankly speaking, it can be puzzling when it comes to expressing thanks in China, especially for a foreigner like you. 3.However, there certainly exists a rule you should stick to, that is to express with sincerity. 4.If I were you, I would prepare a special present for each of the family members with thanks note attached to it. 5.More importantly, specific details about their acts of kindness should be included, which can definitely melt people’s hearts. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：Frankly speaking. 2.表并列补充关系：More importantly. 3.表转折对比关系：However. 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Delighted to know that you will return home, I am writing this letter in response to the question in your last letter about how to express your gratitude towards your host family for their devotion to you. (使用 that 引导宾语从句。) [高分句型 2] Frankly speaking, it can be puzzling when it comes to expressing thanks in China, especially for a foreigner like you. (使用 when 引导时间状语从句。) [高分句型 3] More importantly, specific details about their acts of kindness should be included, which can definitely melt people’s hearts.(使用 which 引导定语从句。)