2020-2021年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：记叙文

2020-2021年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：记叙文

2020-2021 年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：记叙文 技法指导 记叙文是一种以写人记事为主要内容、以记叙为主要表达方式的文体。它主要包括历史故事、人物传 记、逸闻趣事等。文章多交代 when, where, who, what, how 五个要素。考生在做题时要重视首尾句，把握开 篇，速读全文，掌握大意；理清人物事件，把握作者态度；理清事件的开端，经过和结局。 精练必刷题 ： It was a beautiful, sunny summer day. I was on vacation in Sanya with my family. Holidaymakers 1 the beach. Shouts and cheers filled my ears. My mother was sitting under a big 2 , reading a book and drinking lemonade. My father was playing volleyball on the 3 sands. Walking along the beach, I could feel a cool summer breeze 4 my cheeks. So eager was I to explore the world in the 5 of sea that I took off my ring I got as a gift from my parents for graduation (beautiful, gold, inscribed(刻字的), full of emotional value) and 6 it in the cup holder of a foldable chair. Beach day continued, and we packed up and 7 back to the hotel. Upon arrival, I suddenly 8 what I’d done—my ring wasn’t on my finger. Panic 9 . We raced back to the beach with only 20 minutes to 10 before sunset. Get to the beach and locate the 11 area I laid out earlier. We searched it thoroughly, but without luck. My heart 12 and tears rolled down my cheeks. Learning what happened, about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my 13 self search for my ring. And they helped me to the 14 . Suddenly someone 15 and shouted to me “I found it”. They all 16 around me so happy and congratulatory 17 they had won the lottery. My tears of 18 turned into tears of joy and thankfulness for the amazing effort put forth by this 19 faces. Just as Marianne Williamson 20 it, we experience love as kindness, giving, forgiveness, peace, joy and acceptance. Love can show up in a million different forms. 1．A．arrived B．crowded C．deserted D．existed 2．A．roof B．shadow C．umbrella D．sky 3．A．cutting B．freezing C．moving D．burning 4．A．brush B．strike C．impress D．seize 5．A．depth B．length C．strength D．growth 6．A．placed B．hide C．remained D．found 7．A．headed B．flew C．escaped D．reached 8．A．declared B．ignored C．shared D．realized 9．A．set in B．set up C．set aside D．set out 10．A．waste B．spare C．save D．rescue 11．A．common B．damp C．general D．calm 12．A．hurt B．crashed C．sank D．suffered 13．A．begging B．sobbing C．nodding D．disguising 14．A．course B．shore C．end D．distance 15．A．backed off B．stepped forward C．stood up D．broke in 16．A．assisted B．argued C．confirmed D．gathered 17．A．in case B．even if C．as though D．what if 18．A．appreciation B．expectation C．ignorance D．loss 19．A．abnormal B．fresh C．unfamiliar D．remote 20．A．goes B．creates C．puts D．expands （二） Christmas was near a season that we took seriously in our house. But a week or so before the 25th, my father would give each of his children $ 20. This was the 1970s, and $ 20 was quite a bit of money. But I saw it 1 . My father trusted me to have the 2 to spend money wisely. Even better, he gave me the 3 to get it. On a very basic level ,my father was giving me a shopping spree（狂欢）every year. But he was also giving me charge over my own fun, trusting my ability to 4 money and making me feel like a/an 5 . He didn't buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him. My mother had a/an 6 for giving me what I needed, usually 7 at the moment I needed it most. This was when I was 25, I 8 at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my 9 job but had no new one. But when my mother 10 me a visit, I 11 a good show, telling her I had started my own company. My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until 12 she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with 13 . She knew how 14 I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or 15 to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much 16 . The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the 17 with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to 18 my life and preserve my dignity. My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to take my own 19 ,and the other was giving me a second 20 when those decisions had cost me dearly. 1．A．positively B．differently C．naturally D．originally 2．A．intelligence B．passion C．power D．potential 3．A．courage B．suggestions C．discipline D．means 4．A．spend B．carry C．manage D．use 5．A．grown-up B．teenager C．adventurer D．pioneer 6．A．habit B．gift C．approach D．tradition 7．A．approximately B．about C．right D．slightly 8．A．failed B．fooled C．dropped D．fell 9．A．important B．creative C．challenging D．previous 10．A．brought B．suggested C．paid D．gave 11．A．put on B．put away C．put off D．put forward 12．A．before B．after C．when D．as 13．A．credit B．loans C．receipts D．cash 14．A．desperately B．hardly C．eventually D．accurately 15．A．attempted B．offered C．promised D．refused 16．A．better B．more C．less D．worse 17．A．decoration B．love C．distance D．method 18．A．defend B．equip C．fix D．develop 19．A．actions B．opportunities C．risks D．decisions 20．A．solution B．chance C．visit D．assistance （一） 【答案】 1-5．BCDAA 6-10．AADAB 11-15．CCBCC 16-20．DCDCC 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在海滩度假时不小心丢了承载着重要意义的戒指，最后在很多陌生 人的帮助之下找回了戒指。 1． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：度假者挤满了海滩。A. arrived 到达；B. crowded 聚集；挤满；C. deserted 遗弃； 抛弃；D. existed 存在。根据后文“Shouts and cheers filled my ears.”可知，欢呼声充斥着我的耳朵，说明人很 多，沙滩很拥挤。故选 B 项。 2． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈坐在一把大伞下，一边看书，一边喝柠檬水。A. roof 屋顶；B. shadow 阴 影；C. umbrella 伞；D. sky 天空。根据句子“My mother was sitting under a big ___2___ , reading a book and drinking lemonade.”句意可知，妈妈应是坐在遮阳伞下看书喝柠檬水。故选 C 项。 3． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸在炙热的沙滩上打排球。A. cutting 割破；剪切；B. freezing 结冰；C. moving 移动；D. burning 燃烧。根据前文“It was a beautiful, sunny summer day”可知，这是一个阳光明媚的夏日，沙 滩应是很热，由此推知本句在描述沙子像“燃烧”一样热。 故选 D 像。 4． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：沿着海滩散步，我能感到一股夏日凉风拂过我的脸颊。A. brush 轻擦；掠过；B. strike 撞击；C. impress 给予某人深刻印象；D. seize 抓住。根据前文“a cool summer breeze”意为“夏日凉风”， 其后宾语为“my cheeks(我的脸颊)”可知，本句应是在讲述夏日凉风掠过脸颊，即夏日清风拂面。故选 A 项。 5． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是如此渴望去深海里探索世界，以至于我摘下了父母送给我的毕业礼物戒指 （漂亮的金色戒指，上面刻着字，充满了情感价值），把它放在了折叠椅的杯架上。A. depth 深度；B. length 长度；C. strength 力量；强度；D. growth 发展；增长。根据后文“I took off my ring I got as a gift from my parents for graduation”可知，作者脱下戒指应是为了下海，即探索海洋的深度。故选 A 项。 6． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是如此渴望去深海里探索世界，以至于我摘下了父母送给我的毕业礼物戒指 （漂亮的金色戒指，上面刻着字，充满了情感价值），把它放在了折叠椅的杯架上。A. placed 放置；B. hide 躲藏；C. remained 保持；停留；D. found 发现；找到。根据后文“in the cup holder of a foldable chair”可知， 作者应是将戒指放在了可折叠椅上的杯架上。故选 A 项。 7． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：海滩日还在继续，我们收拾行装，返回酒店。A. headed 前进；B. flew 流动；C. escaped 逃跑；D. reached 到达。根据前文“packed up”并结合常识可知，收拾好东西之后作者一家返回酒店。head back to，“返回”。故选 A 项。 8． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到达后，我突然意识到我做了什么——我的戒指没有戴在手指上。A. declared 宣布；声明；B. ignored 忽略；不理睬；C. shared 分担；分享；D. realized 意识到。根据后文“my ring wasn’t on my finger”可知，作者回到酒店后才发现戒指没有戴在手上，D 项“realized”可用在句中表达“猛然发现； 突然意识到”含义，符合语境。故选 D 项。 9． 考查动词词组辨析。句意：（我）开始恐慌了。A. set in (不好的事物) 来了；开始；B. set up 建立；C. set aside 省出；抽出；D. set out 启程；出发。根据主语“panic”意为“恐慌”，可知，作者开始慌了。故选 A 项。 10． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们跑回海滩，离日落只有 20 分钟了。A. waste 浪费；B. spare 剩下；抽出；C. save 节省；挽救；D. rescue 营救。根据空后的“before sunset”可知，作者一家赶回沙滩时举例日落只剩下 20 分钟。with…to spare，“还剩……”，符合语境。故选 B 项。 11． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到达海滩，找到我之前说过的大致区域。 A. common 普遍的；共同的；B. damp 潮湿的；C. general 大致的；大概的（方向或地区）；D. calm 冷静的。根据后文“I laid out earlier”可知，作者 应是要在之前到过的沙滩的位置寻找丢失的戒指，这种位置应是一个大概的方向或地区。故选 C 项。 12． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心一沉，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。A. hurt 伤害；B. crashed 碰撞；撞击；C. sank 下沉；D. suffered 遭受；患有。根据前文“We searched it thoroughly, but without luck”可知，作者并没有找到 戒指，且后文“tears rolled down my cheeks”提及作者哭了，因此判断作者心情沉重。故选 C 项。 13． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：得知发生了什么事后，附近大约有 25 个陌生人跪下来帮助啜泣的我寻找我的戒 指。A. begging 乞求；B. sobbing 抽噎；啜泣；C. nodding 点头；D. disguising 掩饰。根据前文“My heart ___12_ and tears rolled down my cheeks.”可知，作者哭了，本句应是在表达有 25 个陌生人在了解情况后帮助作者寻 找戒指，而作者的状态是“哭泣”。故选 B 项。 14． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们帮我到最后。A. course 课程；B. shore 海滨；岸；C. end 结尾；结束；D. distance 距离。根据后文：shouted to me “I found it”可知，这些陌生人帮助作者直到找到了戒指。help sb. to the end， “帮助某人到底”。故选 C 项。 15． 考查动词词组辨析。句意：突然有人站起来，对我喊道：“我找到了。”A. backed off 避开；撤回；B. stepped forward 前进；C. stood up 站起来；D. broke in 打断；闯入。根据前文“about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my ___13___ self search for my ring.”可知，大家帮忙找戒指时是趴在地上的， 后文“I found it”应是有人找到戒指站起身来冲作者大喊。故选 C 项。 16． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都聚集在我周围，兴高采烈地祝贺我，就好像他们中了彩票一样。A. assisted 帮助；B. argued 争论；C. confirmed 确认；D. gathered 聚集。根据空后的“around me”可知，应是找到戒指后， 他们都围绕在我身边。gather around sb.，“聚集在某人周围”。故选 D 项。 17． 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们都聚集在我周围，兴高采烈地祝贺我，就好像他们中了彩票一样。A. in case 以防；万一；B. even if 即使；C. as though 就好像；D. what if 如果……将会怎样。根据句子“so happy and congratulatory ___17___ they had won the lottery”可知，帮我找到戒指，大家都很高兴，就好像彩票中奖一 样。故选 C 项。 18． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我失去的泪水变成了喜悦和感激的泪水，因为这张陌生的面孔所做出的惊人努 力。A. appreciation 感激；B. expectation 期待；C. ignorance 无知；D. loss 损失。分析可知，空前的“tears”眼 泪应是由于之前“失去”了戒指而流的眼泪，在找到戒指后，成为了后文提及的“tears of joy and thankfulness(喜 悦和感激的泪水)”。故选 D 项。 19． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我失去的泪水变成了喜悦和感激的泪水，因为这张陌生的面孔所做出的惊人 努力。A. abnormal 不正常的；B. fresh 新鲜的；C. unfamiliar 陌生的；不熟悉的；D. remote 偏远的。分析可 知，空后的“faces”应是指帮助作者的 25 个人的面庞，他们对于作者来说，是陌生人。故选 C 项。 20． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如玛丽安·威廉姆森所说，我们体验到的爱是善良、给予、宽恕、和平、欢乐 和接纳。A. goes 离开；去（从事某活动）；B. creates 创造；C. puts 说；表达；D. expands 延展。(just)as sb. puts it, “正如某人所说”。故选 C 项。 【点睛】 完型填空之词汇复现显神通 在完型填空题中，作者在围绕一个话题描述时会出现词汇的复现，即：原词，同义词，近义词，同根词等 的交互使用，从而使文章连贯而完整。把握词汇复现原则能够有效地解决一些题的答案选择。比如文章： Holidaymakers ___1___ the beach. Shouts and cheers filled my ears. 1. A. arrived B. crowded C. deserted D. existed 该题答案在后文“Shouts and cheers filled my ears.”存在近义词复现：filled，意为“充满”。故答案为 B 项。 My tears of ___18___ turned into tears of joy and thankfulness for the amazing effort put forth by this 19 faces. 19. A. abnormal B. fresh C. unfamiliar D. remote 该题答案在前文“about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my ___13__ self search for my ring.”存在同义词表达复现：strangers，意为“陌生人”。故答案为 C 项。 （二） 【答案】 1-5．BADCA 6-10．BCADC 11-15．ABDAB 16-20．DCCDB 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。作者从讲述圣诞节父母给自己的不同礼物，说到父母对自己伟大的、理智的爱让作者在 成长的过程中越来越坚强。父亲教会他做决定的方法，母亲在他因所做决定损失惨重时给予帮助，让他再 一次拥有机会。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我的看法不同。A. positively 乐观地；B. differently 不同地；C. naturally 自然而然地；D. originally 最初地。结合上文内容和本句 but 可知作者并不认为 20 美元是孩子不能花的巨额 现金，故选 B 项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲相信我有明智花钱的智慧。A. intelligence 智慧；B. passion 热情； C. power 权力；D. potential 潜力。由本句的 wisely 判断此处用“智慧”符合语境，故选 A 项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更好的是，他教我方法来获得它。A. courage 勇气；B. suggestions 建议；C. discipline 纪律；D. means 方法。根据下文的 but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, 可知作者的父亲通过让作者自己选书的方法获得 20 美元，故此处用“方法”符合语境，且 means 是原词复现， 故选 D 项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他让我自己找乐子，相信我有管理钱的能力，并且让我感到自己像一个 成人。A. spend 花；B. carry 携带；C. manage 管理；D. use 使用。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的父 亲相信他可以管理好自己的钱，且前文的 giving me charge over my own fun 也有暗示，charge 和 manage 是同 义词复现，故选 C 项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grown-up 成人；B. teenager 青少年；C. adventurer 冒险者；D. pioneer 先驱。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者认为可以自己管理钱让他觉得自己长大了，故用“成人”符合语境，故 选 A 项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈在送我东西方面有天赋，她总是在我恰好需要的时刻把东西送给我。 A. habit 习惯；B. gift 天赋，礼物；C. approach 途径；D. tradition 传统。根据下文的 at the moment I needed it most 可推测作者的妈妈擅长送礼物，故此处用“有天赋”符合语境，have a gift for 在某方面有天赋，故选 B 项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. approximately 适当地；B. about 大约；C. right 恰好（表强调）； D. slightly 稍微地。结合下文的 My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until___12___she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with ____13____.可知作者的妈妈在他 最需要钱的时候给他送了钱，故此处用“恰好需要”符合语境，故选 C 项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是我 25 岁的时候，我作为成人的第一次尝试失败了。A. failed 失败；B. fooled 愚弄；C. dropped 下降；D. fell 落下。根据下文的 I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者辞 去了工作，而且暂时没有新工作，故此处用“失败”符合语境，故选 A 项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经辞去我之前的工作，但是还没有新工作。A. important 重要的；B. creative 创造性的；C. challenging 具有挑战的；D. previous 从前的。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者辞掉了从前的工 作，故选 D 项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈来看我时，我上演了一出好戏，告诉她我已近启动了自己的公 司。A. brought 带来；B. suggested 建议；C. paid 支付，付出；D. gave 给。此处考查短语 pay a visit to sb 拜 访某人，故选 C 项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. put on 上演；B. put away 方在一边，收好；C. put off 推迟；D. put forward 提出。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者骗妈妈说自己开了公司，故用“上演一出好戏”符合语境，故 选 A 项。 12．考查连词词意辨析。句意：直到她离开之后我才发现床脚下有个厚厚的装着现金的信封。A. before 在…… 之前；B. after 在……之后；C. when 当；D. as 当，随着，因为。结合上下文可知，作者的妈妈为了不让他 感到尴尬，所以把装钱的信封藏在床脚下，因此推测作者是在妈妈走后才发现的，故选 B 项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. credit 信用卡；B. loans 贷款；C. receipts 收据；D. cash 现金。根据 下文的 The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.可知作者的妈妈提供现金来帮助他，故此处用“现金”符 合语境，且 cash 是原词复现，故选 D 项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她知道我有多迫切地需要那些钱。A. desperately 迫切地；B. hardly 几乎不； C. eventually 最后；D. accurately 准确地。根据前文的 I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作 者当时没有工作，所以推测他迫切需要钱，故选 A 项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她知道，如果她带着东西出现，或者主动为我交房租，她会让我感到更糟 糕。A. attempted 企图；B. offered 主动提出；C. promised 承诺；D. refused 拒绝。结合上下文可知，此处 是作者假设妈妈主动给他交房租，会让他更难受，offer to do sth 主动提出做某事，故选 B 项。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. better 更好的；B. more 更多的；C. less 更少的； D. worse 更 糟糕的。根据前文的 I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者当时没有工作，故推测他心情 不好，如果妈妈再帮他交房租，会让他更难受，故选 D 项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，她给礼物的距离感让我觉得她是在给我空间来修复我的生活和 保持我的尊严。A. decoration 装饰；B. love 爱；C. distance 距离；D. method 方法。根据前文的 The cold, hard cash 可知作者认为现金是冰冷无感情的，故推测此处用“距离感”符合语境，故选 C 项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. defend 防御；B. equip 配备；C. fix 修复；D. develop 发展。结合上 下文可知作者当时在工作上失败了，故推测妈妈用这样的方式来帮助他，让他觉得有空间调整自己，进而 让自己的生活向着好的方向发展，故选 C 项。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个教我自己做决定的方法，另一个在我因所做决定损失惨重时给予帮助， 让我再一次拥有机会。A. actions 行为；B. opportunities 机会；C. risks 风险；D. decisions 决定。根据前文的 he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself 可知在买书时父亲让作者自己决定买哪 些书，故此处用“做决定”符合文意，且下文的 when those decisions had cost me dearly 也有暗示，故选 D 项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. solution 解决方案；B. chance 机会；C. visit 拜访； D. assistance 协助。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的妈妈给他提供帮助，让他有机会可以恢复，故选 B 项。 【点睛】 完成完形填空的技巧之一是利用复现原则，包括原词复现，同义词复现和反义词复现。以本篇为列： 第3小题答案means和下文 but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, 的means 是原词复现； 第 4 小题答案 manage 和前文 giving me charge over my own fun 中的 charge 是同义词复现； 第 13 小题答案 cash 和下文 The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.中的 cash 是原词复现； 第 19 小题答案 decisions 和下文 when those decisions had cost me dearly 中的 decisions 是原词复现。