【英语】2018届二轮复习冠词学案（7页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习冠词学案（7页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 冠词 冠词是位于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。近几年高考对冠词的考查主要集中在冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常见的固定搭配中的冠词上，这反映了高考“回归基础”的特点。‎ 解答语法填空中的冠词类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。解答短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数名词前必须有冠词。此外，固定搭配中的冠词也是考查的一个重点。‎ 因此，考生在备考冠词时，要重点掌握不定冠词与定冠词的基本用法，同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。‎ ‎(一)语法填空常考点 ‎1．不定冠词a/an的常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ 不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费……；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常；as a result of由于……；as a whole总体上；for a while一会儿。‎ ‎②(2015·广东高考)Mr. ‎ Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.‎ 不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。‎ ‎③(2015·四川高考改编)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.‎ 不定冠词a/an用在人名前，意为“某一个……”，相当于a certain, 或表示“像……那样的人”。‎ ‎④(2012·山东高考改编)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.‎ 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。如：a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事；a pleasure一件令人高兴的事；a comfort一个莫大的安慰。‎ ‎⑤In my opinion, this is the best way to handle the situation. Let me have a try.‎ 具有动作意义的名词在与have, take, make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。‎ ‎⑥Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300,000 km per second.‎ 不定冠词表示“每……”，多用于速度、价格等表达中。‎ ‎2.定冠词the的常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery ‎ 定冠词在短语中的习惯用法 team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ on the whole总体上　to tell the truth说实话 on the contrary相反 in the end最后 in the charge of由……负责 one ...the other ...一个……，另一个……‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 在序数词和形容词最高级前面或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。如：the very person正是那个人。‎ ‎③(2016·浙江高考改编)The prize for the winner of the competition is a twoweek holiday in Paris.‎ 定冠词特指某人、某事或某物。‎ ‎④Nowadays, how we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.‎ 某些形容词前面加定冠词，表示某类人或物。‎ ‎⑤—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. ‎ ‎—Right, he will also get paid by the week.‎ 用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour, by the day, by the week, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by ‎ weight/height等。‎ ‎(二)短文改错常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 我来改正 常设错点(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.‎ ‎①the→a ‎②第三个a→the 不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用 ‎(1)表示特指时用定冠词the；‎ ‎(2)表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.‎ ‎③world前加the 定冠词the的缺失 ‎(1)在序数词、形容词最高级前常用定冠词the；‎ ‎(2)世上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I ‎④去掉the ‎⑤hurry前加 常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余 ‎ knew everything and could make decisions by myself.‎ ‎⑤(2015·浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning ‎⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.‎ a ‎⑥As后加a 在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a(n)，有的用定冠词the，而有的不带任何冠词，如：in a hurry, on the right, in fact, at first, as a result等。‎ ‎⑦(2014·陕西高考)That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity！‎ ‎⑧(2016·邢台市高三摸底考试)But he had only an 100yuan note.‎ ‎⑨(2016·嘉峪关市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.‎ ‎⑦a→an ‎⑧an→a ‎⑨an→a 不定冠词a和an的错用 ‎(1)在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；‎ ‎(2)在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；‎ ‎(3)有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词a而不用an；还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前面应用冠词an而不用a。‎ ‎⑩(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This custom soon became another meal of day.‎ ‎⑩在day前加the 单数可数名词前冠词的缺失 一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词a(n)或the。 a(n)表示类指或泛指，the 表示特指。‎ ‎⑪(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.‎ ‎⑪去掉flowers前的the 冠词的多余 可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。‎ ‎[冠词专练]‎ ‎1．If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be a must for you to make _the most of your time.‎ ‎2．It is a great pleasure for me to give a speech on the nature of human beings.‎ ‎3．—Making a lecture in public is the last thing I want to do.‎ ‎—Just have a_try. I am sure you can make it.‎ ‎4．Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.‎ ‎5．Our destination was Orewa, a seaside town.‎ ‎6．As we can see, developing a good habit is so important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habits — keeping a learning diary every day.‎ ‎7．After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad.‎ ‎8．He tapped her on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”‎ ‎9．We encourage people to take buses and the metro instead of driving. Cycling is also a good way to reduce pollution.‎ ‎10．First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.‎ ‎11．A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.The water was sweet.‎ ‎12．Mlaika was an 8yearold African elephant and it lived near a highway.‎ ‎13．While running in the park, I heard someone playing the violin, which drew my attention.‎ ‎14．—Excuse me, is there a Mr. Taylor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.‎ ‎—Sorry, but there is no such person here.‎ ‎15．The young boss couldn’t remember when the story happened exactly, but it might be a winter morning when he was in London.‎ ‎16．—Many people don’t think much of the movie.‎ ‎—I think differently. In a way, it is a very good film. ‎ ‎17．The education of the young is always a serious topic.‎ ‎18．The result was beyond Harry’s expectation. He looked at the medal in surprise without saying a word.‎ ‎19．It is out of the question that you can get a rise if you don’t work hard.‎ ‎20．—Have you listened to the weather forecast, Linda?‎ ‎—Yes. It says that there will be a heavy rain this weekend.‎