【英语】2018届二轮复习特殊句式讲与练学案（23页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习特殊句式讲与练学案（23页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 特殊句式讲与练 一、完全倒装 完全倒装就是把主语和谓语完全颠倒。‎ ‎1.表示方位或方位的副词或介词短语，如here， there， now， then， up， down， in， away， off， out， in the room， on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。‎ ‎ Be quick！Here comes the bus.‎ 快点，公共汽车来了!‎ ‎ For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.‎ 那会儿，什么都没发生，之后大家一起欢呼起来。‎ ‎ Out rushed the children.‎ 孩子们冲出了教室。‎ 注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。‎ ‎ Away they went.‎ 他们走了。‎ ‎ Over it turns！‎ 它翻过来了。‎ ‎2.表语＋连系动词＋主语 （表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词）‎ ‎ Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests.‎ 出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。‎ ‎3.such＋be＋主语 ‎ Such are the facts； no one can deny them.‎ 这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。‎ 二、 部分倒装 部分倒装部分倒装只是把谓语的一部分提到主语前面，即把谓语部分的“助动词/情态动词/be动词”提到主语的前面，谓语的其他部分仍在主语后面。‎ ‎1.So/Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语（表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物）。‎ ‎ Lily can't play table-tennis. Neither can I. ‎ 莉莉不会打乒乓球，我也不会。‎ ‎2.否定副词never， nor， not， hardly， little， seldom， scarcely， rarely等，及表否定意义的介词短语at no time， in no case， under/in no circumstances， by no means， on no condition等置于句首时。‎ ‎ —It's nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!‎ ‎——太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这么特别的饮料！ ‎ ‎—I'm glad you like it.‎ ‎——我很高兴你喜欢喝。‎ ‎ John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never had I heard him talk so much.‎ 约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时，我从未听过他说那么多话。‎ ‎ By no means should you lose heart. ‎ 你决不应该失去信心。‎ ‎3.hardly…when…， scarcely…when…， no sooner…than…， not only…but also…等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。‎ ‎ Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.‎ 他一听到这个消息就哭了。‎ ‎4.not until…“直到……才……”句型中，not until放在句首，后面的主句倒装。‎ ‎ Not until the teacher came back did he left the classroom.‎ 直到老师回来，他才离开教室。‎ ‎5.在so/such…that…句型中，若so/such…提到句首时。‎ ‎ So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.‎ 我觉得这个问题太难解决了，所以决定向汤姆征求建议。‎ ‎ Such great progress did he make that he was praised.‎ 他取得了如此大的进步因此受到了表扬。‎ ‎6.当“only＋状语（副词、介词短语或从句）”置于句首时。‎ ‎ Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.‎ 只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。‎ ‎7.用于as引导的让步状语从句中 （表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语）。‎ ‎ Child as he was， he made a living by himself.‎ 尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。‎ ‎ Try as he would， he might fail again.‎ 尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。‎ ‎8.if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果把if省略掉，把从句中的should, were, had提前，构成倒装。‎ ‎ If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldn't go camping.‎ ‎= Should it rain tomorrow, we wouldn't go camping.‎ 如果明天下雨，我们就不能去露营。‎ ‎ If you had come earlier, you would have seen the famous star.‎ ‎= Had you come earlier, you would have seen the famous star.‎ 如果你早一点来，就能看到那个明星了 三、 强调句型 ‎1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。‎ ‎ It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.‎ 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。‎ ‎ It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school yesterday.‎ 是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。‎ ‎3.“It was not until...that...”这个句型强调时间状语。‎ ‎ It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.‎ 直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。‎ 四、省略句型 ‎1.在when， while， whenever， till， as soon as， if， unless， as if， though， as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。‎ ‎ Unless (I am) invited， I won’t go to the party.‎ 除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。‎ ‎ When (you are) working， you must pay attention.‎ 上班时，你必须全神贯注。‎ ‎ Get up early tomorrow， if not (you don’t get up early)， you will ‎ miss the first bus.‎ 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。‎ ‎2.不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。‎ ‎(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid， be glad， forget， hope， intend， like， love， mean， prefer， refuse， seem， try， want， wish等的后边。‎ ‎ —What’s the matter with Della?‎ ‎——黛拉出什么事了？‎ ‎—Well， her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party， but she still hopes to.‎ ‎——父母不允许黛拉参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。‎ ‎ —Will you join in the game？‎ ‎——你愿意一起做游戏吗？‎ ‎—I’d be glad to.‎ ‎——我很乐意。‎ ‎(2)如果不定式中含有be， have， have been，通常保留be， have和have been。‎ ‎ —Are you a sailor？‎ ‎——你是海员吗？‎ ‎—No， but I used to be.‎ ‎——不，但我过去是。‎ 五、主谓一致 ‎1.就近一致原则 ‎(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。‎ ‎ Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天召开的会议。‎ ‎ Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.‎ 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。‎ 注意：如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。‎ ‎ Mr.Smith， together with his wife and daughters， is going to visit ‎ Beijing this summer.‎ 史密斯先生将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。‎ ‎ In my opinion， he， rather than you， is to blame.‎ 依我看来是他而不是你该受谴责。‎ ‎(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎ There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.‎ 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。‎ ‎2.意义一致原则 ‎(1)谓语动词为单数的情况 ‎①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，谓语用单数。‎ ‎ The worker and writer is from Wuhan.‎ 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。‎ ‎ My old friend and classmate works in Beijing.‎ 我的同班老朋友在北京工作。‎ ‎ Whisky and soda is my favourite drink.‎ 威士忌加苏打是我爱喝的饮料。‎ ‎②作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each， every， no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。‎ ‎ Each boy and each girl wants to work hard.‎ 每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。‎ ‎ No teacher and no student likes the film.‎ 老师和学生都不喜欢电影。‎ ‎③非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。‎ ‎ Persuading him to join us seems really hard.‎ 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。‎ ‎ To go to bed early and to set up early is a good habit.‎ 早睡早起是一个好习惯。‎ ‎ Whatever was left was taken away.‎ 剩下的所有东西都被拿走。‎ 注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎ What they need are books.‎ 他们需要的是书。‎ ‎(2)谓语动词用复数的情况 ‎①由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。‎ ‎ Both bread and butter are sold out.‎ 面包和黄油都卖完了。‎ ‎②people， police， cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。‎ ‎ People read for pleasure during their spare time.‎ 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。‎ ‎3.语法一致的原则：句子的谓语必须同主语的数一致。‎ ‎（1）“More than one或more than one+单数名词”，“many a+单数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。‎ ‎ More than one writer is interested in the story.‎ 不止一个作家对这个故事感兴趣。‎ ‎ Many a person has protested against the proposal.‎ 很多人对这项计划提出异议。‎ ‎（2）不定代词another, anyone, anybody, anything, each, everyone, everything, someone, somebody, something等用 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。‎ ‎ Anyone who wants to come is welcome.‎ 谁愿意来都欢迎。‎ ‎ Everybody is doing his best.‎ 人人都在尽最大的努力。‎ ‎ Something is wrong with my typewriter.‎ 我的打字机出了毛病。‎ ‎（3）“分数（百分数）+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数主要取决于of后面的名词的数。如果是可数名词的复数，谓语动词通常用复数；如果是可数名词的单数或不可数名词，谓语动词通常用单数。‎ ‎ Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.‎ 地球表面四分之三是海洋。‎ ‎ Today some 90% of the county’s school-age children are in school.‎ 如今这个县大约90%的学龄儿童上了学。‎ 六、反意疑问句 ‎ 附加在陈述句（有时在祈使句）后面的一个简短的问句，叫反义疑问句。当说话人对陈述句的内容有怀疑或没有把握，想进一步得到证实，常常使用这样一个问句。‎ ‎1.最常见的反意疑问句有下面两种：‎ ‎（1） 肯定陈述句+否定附加问句 ‎ You will stay here, won’t you? ‎ 你要待在这里，不是吗？‎ ‎ Your friend is a doctor, isn’t he? ‎ 你朋友是个医生，不是吗？‎ ‎（2） 否定陈述句+肯定附加问句 ‎ You don’t mind my smoking here, do you? ‎ 你不介意我在这抽烟，是吗？‎ ‎ You couldn’t be better off, in fact, could you?‎ 事实上，你的状况不可能更好，是吗？‎ ‎2.情态动词表推测时，其反意疑问句的变化是根据在不推测的情况下，其谓语动词所应该具备的形式来变化。如：‎ ‎ The light is on; Tom must be at home, isn’t he? ‎ 灯亮着，汤姆肯定在家，不是吗？‎ ‎ It must have rained last night, didn’t it?‎ 昨晚肯定下雨了，不是吗？‎ ‎3.复合句的附加问句 ‎（1）复合句的附加问句一般是重复主句中主语和谓语动词。‎ ‎ You will tell us what you want, won’t you? ‎ 你们会告诉我们你们需要什么，不是吗？‎ ‎ She is not so stupid as she looks, is she? ‎ 她并不像她表面看来的那样愚笨，不是吗？‎ ‎（2）但是当主句的谓语动词是believe, imagine, suppose, think等之类的动词，主语是第一人称，从句是用that引导的宾语从句时，附加问句按宾语从句来变。如：‎ ‎ I suppose you are not serious, are you? ‎ 我认为你并不是当真的，是吗？‎ ‎ I think he ought to have known that, oughtn’t he? ‎ 我想他早该知道那个，不是吗？‎ ‎4.祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句的反意疑问句主要是由助动词或情态动词can, shall, will等和祈使句的主语构成。可用肯定形式或否定形式，但肯 定形式的语气比较委婉。‎ ‎ Stop that noise, will you? ‎ 你们不要吵，好吗？‎ ‎ Come down quickly, can’t you? ‎ 请你快点下来，行不行？‎ ‎ Let’s go for a walk, shall we? ‎ 我们去散步，好吗？‎ ‎ Let me have a look, will/won’t you? ‎ 让我看一看，好吗？‎ Ⅰ.单句填空 ‎1.Between rows of trees ________(stand) a new building, which is supposed to be our new library and electronic reading room.‎ ‎【解析】句意：一排排树木之间矗立着一座新建筑,这应该是我们的新图书馆和电子阅览室。本句是一个倒装结构，主语是a new building,因此动词用第三人称单数。‎ ‎【答案】1.stands ‎2.You can never/not be careful enough when ________(take) an exam. ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎ when后面可以用v.-ing形式，也可以用v.-ed形式，但此处take跟前面的主语之间是主动关系。‎ ‎【答案】2. Taking ‎3.So sweet did her voice sound on the phone _______ I could hardly recognize it.‎ ‎【解析】跟前面的so构成so…that…句型。‎ ‎【答案】3.that ‎4.You’d better ignore him completely; the more attention you give him, the __________(proud) he is. ‎ ‎【解析】此处考查的是“the+比较级…，the+比较级”的句型。‎ ‎【答案】4. prouder ‎5.Let’s appeal to the public—______（live） green to save our living planet. A small step can make a big change.‎ ‎【解析】句意：让我们呼吁公众———绿色生活，拯救我们生活的星球。一小步能带来大变化。public 后是一个破折号，表明其后是一个呼吁，一个祈使句，因此用动词原形。‎ ‎【答案】5.live ‎6.In my opinion, achieving what you set out to do isn’t so important. ______ is joy in the journey that truly matters.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在我看来,实现你着手做的什么并不是那么重要。重要是过程要快乐。强调句型用It is/was…that…结构。‎ ‎【答案】6.It ‎7.—Where did you meet him for the first time?‎ ‎—Maybe it is in the museum ______ we listened to the lecture that we got to know each other.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你在哪里第一次见到他?——也许是在我们听讲座的那个博物馆里,正是在那里我们彼此认识了。museum后跟的是一个定语从句，lecture后跟的才是一个that引导的强调句型。‎ ‎【答案】7.where ‎8.—English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it?‎ ‎—Yes, __________(know)more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——英语有大量的词汇,不是吗?——是的,知道更多的单词和词组,你会发现阅读和交流更容易。本句是“祈使句+and you ‎ will…”句型，前半句是一个祈使句，应用动词原形开头。‎ ‎【答案】 8.know ‎9.All other factors __________(be) equal, would you prefer a man or a woman to be head of your business? ‎ ‎【解析】句意：所有其他因素同等的情况下,你是喜欢男士还是女士做你的业务领导? 句中是一个逗号，前半部分是一个独立结构。‎ ‎【答案】9.being ‎10.I really don’t know where it _______ that he bought the cell phone.‎ ‎【解析】此处是强调句型，根据后面句子的时态可知此处要用一般过去时。‎ ‎【答案】10.was ‎11.It was not until he came to China _____ he knew what kind of a country she was.‎ ‎【解析】此处是强调句型，强调的是句子的状语部分。‎ ‎【答案】11.that ‎12.It was believed by the ancient Egyptians that intellect was to the mind _________ sight was to the body. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：古埃及人认为智慧对于心灵犹如视觉对于身体。这是一个表示类比的特殊句型，即：A is to B what C is to D。表示前后的东西同样重要。‎ ‎【答案】12.what ‎13.It was in this very lab that was in the charge of John ______ they did the experiment.‎ ‎【解析】此处的强调句型强调的部分还有一个定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 13.that ‎14.—My room gets very cold at night.‎ ‎—So _______ mine.‎ ‎【解析】第二句是so引导的倒装句，根据上一句的谓语动词的时态推出此处用“does”。‎ ‎【答案】14.does ‎15.—I don’t think I can walk any further.‎ ‎—______ can I.‎ ‎【解析】因为上一句是否定句，所以此处用否定词“neither”。‎ ‎【答案】15.Neither ‎16.—He is a math teacher but he likes English.‎ ‎—It’s the same _____ his sister.‎ ‎【解析】因为上一句有两个不同类型的谓语动词，所以用“its the same with…”结构。‎ ‎【答案】16. with ‎17.Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to my program. ______(join) me this evening is Dr.Gray.‎ ‎【解析】句意：女士们,先生们,欢迎来到我的节目。今晚加入我节目的是格雷博士。本句是分词置于句首的一种倒装，陈述句式应是“This evening Dr.Gray is joining me.”。‎ ‎【答案】17.Joining ‎18._______ great progress had he made that he was praised.‎ ‎【解析】此处的结构中心词是名词，因此用 “such”引导。‎ ‎【答案】18.Such ‎19.—Have you been to the Great Wall? ‎ ‎—Perhaps not in my memory. If _______, it might have been during my early childhood.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你去过长城吗?——也许在我的记忆中没有去过。如果曾经去过了的话,那可能是在我童年的时候。这是一个省略句，意即：if I have ever been to the Great Wall…。‎ ‎【答案】19.ever ‎20.Not only will help be ____(give) to the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.‎ ‎【解析】此处的倒装部分应用被动语态。‎ ‎【答案】20.given Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill that we sat down to take a rest.‎ ‎【解析】 no sooner…than是一个固定搭配，意为“一……就……”。no sooner 放在句首，其后的句子用倒装形式。‎ ‎【答案】 1.that→than ‎2.Not only did he forced to stay home， but also he had to do his homework.‎ ‎【解析】not only放句首，其后的句子用倒装形式，并且此处根据句意应该用被动形式。‎ ‎【答案】 2.did→was ‎ ‎3.Hung on the wall was a famous painting, which had been handed down for generations. ‎ ‎【解析此句是倒装句，意为“一副名画正挂在墙上”，是主动形式，因此要用“hanging”。‎ ‎【答案】 】 3.Hung→Hanging ‎4.Little did he care about his own safety, as he was in great danger himself.‎ ‎【解析】此句意为“尽管他自己深陷危险”，应当用“though”。‎ ‎【答案】 4.as→though ‎5.It was them who went to the cinema with me yesterday.‎ ‎【解析】此句是强调句型。强调的是主语，因此要用主格形式。‎ ‎【答案】5.them→they ‎6.When asking about whether I wanted to go for a picnic, I exclaimed “there can’t be a better idea”. ‎ ‎【解析】根据后半句的含义，对于我来说是被问到的意思。‎ ‎【答案】6. asking→asked ‎7.After that we never saw her again. Nor had we hear from her.‎ ‎【解析】根据前半句的时态，可以推出后半句的时态应该为一般过去时。‎ ‎【答案】7.had→did ‎8.—You’d better work out more.‎ ‎—Sometimes I did. I had a walk after supper yesterday and I’ll go to the gym tonight.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你最好多出门运动。——有时我是这样啊，我昨天晚饭后散步,今晚去健身房。work out表“锻炼身体；做运动”。此处是sometimes I work out的省略形式。由sometimes可知是一个经常性的行为，所以用一般现在时。 ‎ ‎【答案】8.did→do ‎9.Drinking a little wine is good for our health. However, wine can also damage the liver and do great harm if is consumed in large quantities.‎ ‎【解析】句意：喝一点儿酒对我们的身体健康有好处。然而, 如果过量地饮酒，会有损肝脏并造成较大的伤害。if后可用省略句，也可不省略，如果省略，应将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。‎ ‎【答案】9.if is consumed/if ∧ is consumed ‎ it ‎10.I have been living in the United States for 20 years, but seldom I felt ‎ so lonely as now.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我在美国生活了20年了，但是很少像现在这样感到如此孤独。否定词seldom置于句首，句子要部分倒装，再根据前面的have been living可知此处应用现在完成时。‎ ‎【答案】10.seldom ∧I felt ‎ have ‎11.She fled Romania for Germany in 1987, after prohibited from publishing in her country, and it was then that she was fully discovered by the literary world. ‎ ‎【解析】 prohibited句意：1987年，被禁止在本国出书后，她从罗马尼亚逃到德国。也正是在那时，她才真正引起了文学界的注意。并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after,before, because等引导的状语从句一般要用介词短语等形式，用动名词代替be动词。‎ ‎【答案】11.after ∧‎ ‎ being ‎12.Only by developing the economy greatly we satisfy people’s increasing material and cultural demand.‎ ‎【解析】句意：只有大力发展经济，才能满足人民日益增长的物质文化生活需要。only+状语且位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。‎ ‎【答案】12.greatly ∧we ‎ can/will ‎13.Mr.Park, I know I am late and I am very sorry, but please allow me to explain it to you, do you?‎ ‎【解析】句意：帕克先生,我知道我迟到了,非常抱歉,但是请允许我向您解释一下,可以吗? 对祈使句的反意疑问一般是will you?‎ ‎【答案】13.do→will ‎14.It’s nearly lunch time, you must be hungry now, mustn’t you? ‎ ‎【解析】句意：快到午餐时间了,你现在一定饿了,是吗? 对含情态动词表推测的句子的反意疑问是与情态动词后的动词保持一致。这里问的是you are hungry, 因此，反意问应是aren’t you。‎ ‎【答案】14.mustn’t→aren’t ‎15.Turn down the TV a little, and you’ll wake up the sleeping baby.‎ ‎【解析】这是一个常见句型，当要表达否定意思时，就应该用or/otherwise来连接。‎ ‎【答案】15.and→or/otherwise ‎16.Look at the kids! How fun it is to run wildly on the grass! ‎ ‎【解析】在感叹句中，当中心词是名词时，要用“what”来引导。‎ ‎【答案】16. How→What ‎17.I don’t think that necessary for you to invite so many visitors. ‎ ‎【解析】 it在此处是形式宾语。‎ ‎【答案】17.that→it ‎18.—Were all the toys for the children carried to their new kindergarten?‎ ‎—No, there was only some of them.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——所有给孩子们的玩具都带到他们的新幼儿园吗? ——不，只带一部分。本句采用了强调结构，强调“only some of them”，后面省略了“that were carried to their new kindergarten”。‎ ‎【答案】18.there→it ‎19.How disappointing they looked when hearing that the manager was not available!‎ ‎【解析】此处表达的含义是看起来感到很失望，所以用“v.-ed”形式。‎ ‎【答案】19.disappointing→disappointed ‎20.When we are feeling down, it is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a friend. ‎ ‎【解析】此处是there be 句型。‎ ‎【答案】20.it→there