2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4学案设计（41页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4学案设计（41页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4学案设计 话题素材——全球变暖 好词 ‎1.atmosphere n. 大气；气氛 ‎2.recycle v. 回收利用 ‎3.unbearable adj. 难以忍受的 ‎4.decline vi. 减少；降低；下降 ‎5.undertake vt. 承担；从事；负责 ‎6.arouse people's awareness of environmental protection 提高人们的环保意识 ‎7.bring...under control 控制……‎ ‎8.die out 灭绝 ‎9.white pollution 白色污染 ‎10.from bad to worse 每况愈下 ‎11.be faced with 面临 ‎12.do what we can 做我们能做的一切 ‎13.reduce pollution 减少污染 ‎14.throw away 丢弃 ‎15.in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 佳句 ‎1.There_is_no_doubt_that the earth is becoming warmer and that ‎ it_is_human_activities_that have caused this global warming.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。‎ ‎2.We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take_action_to_protect the earth now.‎ 如果我们现在不采取措施来保护地球，将来我们会无处生存。‎ ‎3.It_is_well-known_that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Dear David，‎ I'm glad to receive your letter. I have learned from your letter that you are concerned about the smog which frequently appears in some areas of China. Thank you for your concern. I'm also very worried about such terrible weather because it has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as traffic jam, road accidents, bad coughs, throat hurts and even lung cancers and so on.‎ As everybody knows, a good environment comes from good protection. So we should do what we can to make a difference. Try to drive less and choose air-friendly products. Only when everyone has the environmental awareness can we have cleaner air.‎ I hope to hear from you soon and share your good ideas.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 高频单词 ‎1．consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer (n.) 消费者→consumption (n.) 消费；消耗量 ‎2．phenomenon (n.) 现象→phenomena (pl.) 现象 ‎3．quantity (n.) 量；数量→(形近词)quality (n.) 质量 ‎4．tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理→tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势 ‎5．oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的 ‎6．mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的→mildly (adv.) 温柔地；温和地 ‎7．consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响→consequent (adj.) 随后发生的；作为结果的→consequently ‎(adv.) 因此；所以 ‎8．state (vt.) 陈述；说明→statement (n.) 说明；说法；表现 ‎9．steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地 ‎10．existence (n.) 生存；存在→exist (vi.) 存在 ‎11．commitment (n.) 承诺；交托；信奉→commit (v.) 承诺；保证 ‎12．pollution (n.) 污染；弄脏→pollute (vt.) 弄脏；污染 ‎13．growth (n.) 增长；生长→grow (v.) 生长；增长；留长(头发/指甲)‎ ‎14．contribution (n.) 贡献→contribute (v.) 贡献；投稿 ‎15．electrical (adj.) 电的；与电有关的→electricity (n.) 电；电能 重点短语 ‎1．come_about 发生；造成 ‎2．rather_than 而不是 ‎3．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎4．quantities_of 大量的 ‎5．go_up 上升；增长；升起 ‎6．result_in 导致 ‎7．be_opposed_to 反对……‎ ‎8．even_if/though 即使 ‎9．keep_on 继续 ‎10．on_the_whole 大体上；基本上 ‎11．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 ‎12．put_up_with 忍受；容忍 ‎13．so/as_long_as 只要 ‎14．and_so_on 等等 热点句型 ‎1．连词＋分词(when compared to/with)‎ That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to(当与……相比的时候) other natural changes.(教材 P26)‎ ‎2．There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”‎ There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) the earth is becoming warmer...(教材 P26)‎ ‎3．even if 引导让步状语从句 Even_if (即使) we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(教材 P27)‎ ‎4．as/so long as 引导条件状语从句；if not 省略句 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as (只要) you are using it－if_not (如果不), turn it off！(教材 P30)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Get your parents ________ (buy) things that are economical with energy.‎ 答案：to buy ‎2．All scientists subscribe to the view ________ the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.‎ 答案：that ‎3．It means that more heat energy tends to ________ (trap) in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.‎ 答案：be trapped ‎4．It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels ________ has resulted in ‎ this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 答案：that ‎5．Greenhouse gases continue to build ________ in the atmosphere.‎ 答案：up ‎6．I am doing a project on behalf ________ my school about global warming.‎ 答案：of ‎7．Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up ________ pollution.‎ 答案：with ‎8．It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather ________ a random but natural phenomenon.‎ 答案：than ‎9．It takes a lot of energy ________ (make) things from new materials.‎ 答案：to make ‎10．Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them ________ you have learned.‎ 答案：what ‎1 quantity n．量；数量；大量 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(P26)‎ 当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。‎ 归纳拓展 a( large/small( quantity of 大量/少量的 ( large(quantities of 大量的；许多的 in quantity 大量地 名师点睛 a quantity of 与 quantities of 这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。“a quantity of ‎＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词总 是用复数形式。‎ 语境助记 ‎①As far as I'm concerned, it is quality_rather_than_quantity that really counts.‎ 就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。‎ ‎②[朗文高阶]Large quantities_of oil were spilling into the sea.‎ 大量石油正溢入大海。‎ ‎③A_quantity_of vegetables have been supplied for the citizens.‎ 已为市民提供了大量的蔬菜。‎ ‎④[牛津高阶]It's cheaper to buy goods in_quantity.‎ 大量购物比较便宜。‎ ‎2 oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are ‎ opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(P27)‎ 在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空 气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 ‎(2)opposedadj. 相反的；对立的 第 80 页 共 80 页 be opposed to 反对……‎ ‎(3)oppositeadj. 相反的；对立的 prep. 与……相反；在……对面 be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反 名师点睛 ‎(1)oppose 后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，动词要用动名词形式。be opposed to 结构中，to 是介词，‎ 其后也要用动词的-ing 形式。‎ ‎(2)表示反对的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against 等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[朗文高阶]Congress is continuing to oppose the President's health care budget.‎ 国会继续反对总统的医疗保健预算。‎ ‎②The parents strongly opposed their daughter going_there alone.‎ 那对父母极力反对他们的女儿单独去那里。‎ ‎③[牛津高阶]She remained bitterly opposed_to the idea of moving abroad.‎ 她仍然强烈反对移居国外。‎ ‎④We live further down on_the_opposite_side_of the road.‎ 我们住在马路对面再远一点的地方。‎ ‎3 range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限 v．(在一定范围内)变化；变动；排列 It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals ‎－all of which will make life for human beings better.(P27)‎ 它会使植物长得更快；庄稼产量更丰富，并且它会促进各种动物的生长——所有这些都能更好地 改变人类的生活。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)a wide range of... 范围广泛的；各种各样的 in/within range 在射程以内；在范围内 beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外 beyond/out of one's range 某人能力达不到的；某人知识以外的 第 81 页 共 81 页 ‎(2)range from...to...在……范围内变动；包括(由……到……之间的)各 类事物 range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动 语境助记 ‎①[2016·北京高考]As a result, humans developed a_range_of character types that still exists today.‎ 结果，人类形成的一系列的性格类型延续至今。‎ ‎②They will include introductions to a_wide_range_of writing styles, from poetry to play writing.‎ 它们将介绍不同的写作风格，从诗歌到戏剧创作。‎ ‎③The price of the house is well beyond_our_range.‎ 这栋房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。‎ ‎④The listeners are mostly middle school students, ranging_from 12 to 18.‎ 听众大多是中学生，其年龄从 12 岁到 18 岁不等。‎ ‎4 glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视 n．一瞥；扫视 Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.(P27)‎ 迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)glance at/over/through 浏览；匆匆地看一眼 glance off 擦过；掠过 ‎(2)at a glance 立刻；一眼；(只)看一眼 at first glance 乍一看；乍看之下 take a glance (at sb./sth.)(朝某人/某物)一瞥；看一眼 语境助记 ‎①She glanced down at me through her glasses.‎ 她透过眼镜低头瞥了我一眼。‎ ‎②At_first_glance,_the problem seems easy. However, later you'll find it difficult to work out.‎ 乍一看，这问题似乎很简单，然而，随后你就会发现它很难解决。‎ ‎5 average adj.平均的；普通的 n．平均；平均数 vt.& vi.算出……的平均数；平均为 第 82 页 共 82 页 The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15℃.(P29)‎ 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在 15℃。‎ 归纳拓展 the/an average of... ……的平均数 on average平均地；通常 above/below average高于/低于平均数/水平 up to average 达到平均数 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]She was just an average high school athlete.‎ 她只是一个普通的高中运动员。‎ ‎②[2016·四川高考]Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.‎ However, women, on_average,_live longer.‎ 男性和女性在如今的工业化国家下活的时间都更长。然而，平均来看，女性活得更长于男性。‎ ‎③It's said that the newspaper office receives an_average_of nearly 100 articles a day.‎ 据说这个报社平均每天要收到接近一百篇稿件。‎ ‎④To their great joy, their son's schoolwork is well above_average.‎ 令他们十分高兴的是，他们儿子的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。‎ ‎6 circumstance n．(一般用复数)环境；情况 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.(P30)‎ 如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。‎ 归纳拓展 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子倒装)‎ 语境助记 ‎①[朗文高阶]Prisoners can only leave their cells under_certain_circumstances.‎ 只有在某些特定情况下囚犯才可以离开牢房。‎ ‎②It's dangerous, so don't touch it under_any_circumstances.‎ ‎(电)很危险，所以在任何情况下都不要去碰它。‎ ‎③Under_no_circumstance would we give up the principle.‎ 在任何情况下我们都不会放弃我们的原则。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the ________ (pollute)．‎ 答案：pollution 考查词性转换。pollution 名词，意为“污染”。‎ ‎2．Large ________ (quantity) of water have been polluted, ________ has a bad effect on people's health.‎ 答案：quantities; which 第一空考查固定搭配，large quantities of“许多；大量的”；第二空考查 which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容。‎ ‎3．On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen ________ (steady) in recent decades.‎ 答案：steadily 考查词性转换。此处副词 steadily 修饰动词 rise。‎ ‎4．I'm strongly ________ (oppose) to your plan.‎ 答案：opposed 考查固定搭配。be opposed to 意为“反对”。‎ ‎5．The president made a ________(state) announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.‎ 答案：statement 考查词性转换。make a statement 意为“发表声明”。‎ ‎6．He had been ill for a long time and ________ (consequence) he was behind in his work.‎ 答案：consequently 考查词性转换。句意：他病了很久，结果他工作滞后了。根据句意可知，‎ 此处用副词 consequently。‎ ‎7．Many people do not believe the ________ (exist) of the ghosts.‎ 答案：existence 考查词性转换。句意：许多人不相信鬼魂的存在。由句意及空格前的 the 可知，‎ 应填名词形式。‎ ‎8．If something bad happens on a particular day, people have a ________ (tend) to associate that day with negative events.‎ 答案：tendency 考查固定搭配。have a tendency to do sth.意为“倾向/趋于做某事”。‎ ‎9．I took a glance ________ the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.‎ 答案：at 考查固定搭配。take a glance at 意为“瞥一眼；看一眼”。‎ ‎10．We must make a contribution to ________ (protect) the environment.‎ 答案：protecting 考查固定搭配。make a contribution to sth./doing 意为“为……做贡献”。‎ ‎1 come about 发生；造成 So how has this come about and does it matter？(P26)‎ 那么，这种温度的上升是怎么产生的呢？它要紧吗？‎ 归纳拓展 How did it come about that...? ……是怎样发生的？‎ come across 偶遇 come into being 形成；产生；出现 come into power 上台执政；当权 come into effect 生效 come out 出版；结果是；发芽 come up with 提出；想出 when it comes to...当谈到……时 come on 跟着来；跟上来；[口]得啦；快点 come to 总计；达到；归纳为 名师点睛 come about, happen, take place 和 break out 这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词(短语)，不 可用于被动语态。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]She has a mental toughness that did not come_about by chance.‎ 她的坚强精神并不是偶然发生的。‎ ‎②How did it come about that he knew where we were?‎ 他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？‎ ‎③In fact, when_it_comes_to the art of war, ants have no equal.‎ 事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。‎ ‎④When reading articles related to science, we often come_across difficult or unfamiliar words.‎ 阅读与科学相关的文章时，我们常常碰到难词或生词。‎ ‎⑤I was amazed that he'd come_up_with such a sweet idea.‎ 我很吃惊他会想出如此好的主意。‎ ‎⑥Come_on,_ we'll be late!‎ 快点儿，我们要迟到了！‎ ‎⑦用 come about, happen, take place, break out 的正确形式填空 a．No one can understand how it came_about.‎ b．Luckily the earthquake didn't happen in the center of the city.‎ c．A war broke_out between two countries.‎ d．Great changes have taken_place in our hometown.‎ ‎2 result in 导致 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)‎ 他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料才导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ 归纳拓展 result from 由……造成 as a result 结果 as a result of 由于……的原因 without result 没有结果；白费 语境助记 ‎①[2016·北京高考]Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting_in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.‎ 它们的翅膀能像桥梁一样架在两根线之间，因此如果它们碰到两根线，会立即被电死。‎ ‎②However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted_from human progress.‎ 但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。‎ ‎③As we all know, his success resulted_from his hard work.‎ 第 86 页 共 86 页 ‎＝As we all know, his hard work resulted_in his success.‎ 众所周知，努力工作使他取得了成功。‎ ‎④The exam was of vital importance for me; as_a_result,_I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.‎ 那次考试对我来说非常重要，因此，我别无选择只好集中全部精力学习。‎ ‎3 put up with 容忍；忍受 We do not have to put up with pollution.(P30)‎ 我们没有必要忍受污染。‎ 归纳拓展 put aside 节省；储蓄；储存 put away 收起来 put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨 put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭；伸出 put on 穿上；上演 put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿 语境助记 ‎①[2016·北京高考]A week before Earth Day, posters were put_up around our school calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.‎ 在地球日的前一周，学校四处张贴海报，呼吁我们加入共建一个更加绿色的地球的行动。‎ ‎②[朗文高阶]She put_up_with his violent temper.‎ 她忍受了他暴躁的脾气。‎ ‎③The doctor told him to put_out his tongue.‎ 医生要他伸出舌头。‎ ‎④Who put_forward a theory about black holes?‎ 谁提出了黑洞理论？‎ ‎⑤We once put_on a performance of Hamlet.‎ 我们曾上演过《哈姆雷特》。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 ‎(put up with； subscribe to； result in； go up； and so on； be opposed to；‎ come about； under no circumstances； on the whole； on behalf of ‎1．We simply weigh too much, ________ a lot of pressure that makes us sink.‎ 答案：resulting in ‎2．The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton________.‎ 答案：and so on ‎3．________________ should you leave the house.‎ 答案：Under no circumstances ‎4．We want to know how it ________ that humans speak so many different languages.‎ 答案：came about ‎5．Noise is coming to the point where we can't ________ it.‎ 答案：put up with ‎6．The other day, he ________ many magazines for the poor children.‎ 答案：subscribed to ‎7．Prices of food in that area have been ________ sharply since word came that the war would break out soon.‎ 答案：going up ‎8．Her parents ________ the program at first. But now they begin to support it.‎ 答案：were opposed to ‎9．________ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.‎ 答案：On behalf of ‎10．________， Brooks's story is acceptable.‎ 答案：On the whole ‎1 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it—if not, turn it off！‎ ‎(P30)‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。as long as还可表示“与……一样长”。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]As_long_as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ 只要有密码的存在，人们就试图破解它们。‎ ‎②As_long_as there is kindness and virtue, the world will become more beautiful.‎ 只要有善良和美德，世界将变得更加美丽。‎ ‎③It took three times as_long_as I had expected.‎ 这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间。‎ ‎[联想] 根据 as long as 的本义“与……一样长”和引申义“只要”，理解记忆下面的含义。‎ 短语 本意 引申义 as well as 和……一样好 也；和 as far as 远至…… 就……而言 as good as 和……一样好 差不多；几乎 ‎2 Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(P27)‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持 续转暖。‎ even if＝even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。‎ 归纳拓展 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：‎ ‎(1)用 although, though, even though, even if ‎ 等引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。‎ ‎(2)用 while 引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。‎ ‎(3)用 whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论……还是……”。‎ ‎(4)用 whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/何时/哪里……”。‎ ‎(5)用 as 引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用作此意时必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到 as 前面。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·天津高考]Such start-up fatigue is very real, even_if not actually physical, but something in our muscles and bones.‎ 即使不是真的身体的原因，而是我们肌肉和骨骼中某种东西的原因，这种启动疲劳也是很真实地存在的。‎ ‎②Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.‎ 虽然我们生来就愚蠢，但只有愚蠢的人仍然这样。‎ ‎③[牛津高阶]While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.‎ 尽管我愿意帮忙，但没有多少时间。‎ ‎④[朗文高阶]Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.‎ 无论苏怎样努力，她就是打不开门。‎ ‎⑤He does whatever she asks him to do.‎ 无论她要求他做什么，他都会去做。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．________ breaks the law will be punished.‎ 答案：Whoever 考查连接代词 whoever。句意：无论谁违法都要受到惩罚。whoever 引导让步状语从句且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎2．There is no doubt ________ he will be elected.‎ 答案：that 考查固定句式。there is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”。‎ ‎3．Whether go out ________ stay in the dorm depends on the weather.‎ 答案：or 考查固定搭配。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”。‎ ‎4．When I was a child, I could watch TV ________ I wanted to.‎ 答案：whenever 考查 whenever 引导状语从句。句意：我小的时候，无论什么时候想看电视都能看。‎ ‎5．Our products are of higher quality and lower prices when ________ (compare) to those of our competitors.‎ 答案：compared 考查省略句。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省去从句的主语与be 动词。when compared to...“当与……相比的时候”省去了 they are。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 第 90 页 共 90 页 ‎1．________________ you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success.‎ 只要你可以掌控自己的目标，你成功的机会就会更大。‎ 答案：As/So long as ‎2．Hard ________________， he makes little progress.‎ 尽管他工作努力，但进步很小。‎ 答案：as he works ‎3．You have to study hard ________________ you are very clever.‎ 即使你很聪明，也得努力学习。‎ 答案：even if/though it 的用法(2)‎ It 用于强调句型中 ‎1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，这个句型可以强调主语、宾语、介词短语及状语。‎ I met Tom in the park yesterday.‎ ‎→It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.‎ ‎2．强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋陈述句 What did you want to find yesterday?‎ ‎→What was it that you wanted to find yesterday?‎ ‎3．强调句与名词性从句的结合 I want to know what you wanted to find yesterday.‎ ‎→I want to know what it was that you wanted to find yesterday.‎ ‎4．It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that...‎ I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ ‎→It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ It 常用的固定搭配 ‎1．make it ‎(1)在口语中相当于 succeed，表示“成功做到；及时到达”等。‎ ‎(2)在口语中相当于 fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”。‎ No matter how hard it is, I will make it one day.‎ ‎2．Take it easy.‎ 口语中相当于“Don't worry.”或“Don't hurry.”，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌、沉住气、别担心”。‎ Take it easy! He will do it well!‎ ‎3．It all depends./That all depends.‎ 口语中相当于“It hasn't been decided yet.”表示“那得看情况，还未定下来。”‎ ‎－Are you going to the countryside for a holiday?‎ ‎－It all depends.‎ ‎4．It's up to sb.‎ 口语中，相当于“It's decided by sb.”表示“由……决定/由……负责/取决于……”。‎ ‎－Shall we go out for dinner?‎ ‎－It's up to you.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。‎ ‎1．________ wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.‎ 答案：It 考查强调句型。句意：直到两天前父亲才允许我驾车上高速公路。It is/was not until...that...‎ 为 not...until...句型的强调句形式。‎ ‎2．Andy is content with the toy.________ is the best he has ever got.‎ 答案：It 考查代词。句意：安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。It 指代 the toy。‎ ‎3．________ is up to you to decide whether we should go or not.‎ 答案：It 考查固定句式。句意：由你决定我们是去还是不去。be up to sb.意为“由某人决定”。‎ ‎4．________ has been a month since I came to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.‎ 答案：It 考查固定句式。句意：自从我来到这所新学校已经一个月了，我真想和你分享一下我 经历的一些问题。“It has been＋时间段＋since...”意为“自从……已经多久了”。‎ ‎5．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made ________ at last.‎ 答案：it 考查固定搭配。句意：我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他做到了。make it 意为 ‎“成功做到；及时到达”。‎ Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时 17′)‎ Imagine waking up in a hospital bed. And the entire left side of your body isn't movable. This was the __1__ I found myself in after my crash. I __2__ so severely for my head and neck were twisted (扭曲) to one side and stuck in that disturbing __3__.The prognosis (预断) for my __4__ was not good. The doctor told my family, “I __5__ to say this, but he'll be lucky to survive the next 48 hours.” __6__ as my family was at the news, the one thing that had been holding them together was the __7__that with the proper medical treatment, I could recover. The doctor's prognosis hit them like a hammer,__8__ any hope. The __9__ that I might die touched each of them deeply. For the next two days, my parents kept waiting outside my room. They could __10__ eat or sleep. The doctor's prognosis __11__ heavily on their hearts. Yet with each passing hour they became ‎ slightly more hopeful that my chances of __12__ were a little bit better.‎ With the __13__ 48 hours passing, although I was once __14__ to the limit of my life, I __15__ to quit my life, so they felt somewhat __16__. Maybe the doctor had made a(n) __17__. After all, doctors aren't necessarily right. Bit by bit, hope began to return to them. __18__， they still had no idea what the future held for me.My survival surprised everyone. It would not have been __19__ if not for my determination not to quit my life. __20__ will always happen around you as long as you don't give up.‎ 篇章导读：这是一篇记叙文。作者在一次车祸中险些丧生，医生认为他只能活 48 个小时，而他 奇迹般地活下来，这要归功于他的坚定意志。通过本文，作者告诉大家只要我们不放弃，奇迹在任何 时候都会出现。‎ ‎1．A．despair B．situation C．place D．pain 答案：B 上文提到作者醒来时在医院躺着，并且整个左半身不能移动，这是作者出车祸后的一 种处境(situation)。‎ ‎2．A．choked B．trembled C．enjoyed D．suffered 答案：D 根据上文的描述可知，作者遭受(suffered)了巨大的痛苦。‎ ‎3．A．position B．action C．behavior D．height 答案：A 由上文提到的作者的头和脖子被扭到了一边可知，这里是指处于一种令人不安的姿势 ‎(position)。‎ ‎4．A．spirit B．disability C．recovery D．treatment 答案：C 由下文提及的作者只能幸运地活 48 小时可知，医生对作者康复(recovery)的预断是不乐观的。‎ ‎5．A．regret B．decide C．tend D．wish 答案：A 下文是提及不好的事情，所以这里是遗憾(regret)地去说这件事情。‎ ‎6．A．Impatient B．Angry C．Confused D．Upset 答案：D 尽管家人听到这个消息是伤心的(upset)，但是他们还是抱有一丝希望。‎ ‎7．A．desire B．intention C．hope D．lie 答案：C 此处表示通过恰当地医治，作者可能会康复是家人对作者的一丝希望(hope)。‎ ‎8．A．offering B．destroying C．raising D．abandoning 答案：B 句意：医生的预断对我的家人来说尤如当头一棒，摧毁(destroy)了他们的希望。‎ ‎9．A．exception B．choice C．fact D．acceptance 答案：C 此处是指作者可能会因车祸丧生的事实(fact)深深地触动了家中的每个人。‎ ‎10．A．barely B．gradually C．hopelessly D．slightly 答案：A 由上文可知，接下来的两天，作者的父母一直等在门外，此处表示他们很少(barely)‎ 吃饭和睡觉。‎ ‎11．A．reacted B．weighed C．froze D．expanded 答案：B 由语境可知，医生对作者病情的预断让作者的家人感到心碎。weigh on sb. /sth. “加 重……的思想负担；使焦虑不安”。‎ ‎12．A．promotion B．escape C．improvement D．survival 答案：D 根据下文提到的作者活了下来可知，这里是家人对作者的存活(survival)抱有希望。‎ ‎13．A．convincing B．disappointing C．exciting D．frightening 答案：D 医生估计作者只能活 48 小时，所以这 48 小时是令人害怕的(frightening)。‎ ‎14．A．directed B．pushed ‎ 第 94 页 共 94 页 C．ordered D．guided 答案：B 根据上文描述的作者病情很严重可知，虽然作者被推(pushed)到了生命的边缘，但是 作者拒绝放弃生命。‎ ‎15．A．refused B．pretended C．struggled D．attempted 答案：A 作者意志坚定，拒绝(refused)放弃生命。‎ ‎16．A．confident B．satisfied C．relieved D．stressful 答案：C 作者度过了 48 小时，家人看到了希望，所以感到宽慰(relieved)。‎ ‎17．A．joke B．guess C．apology D．mistake 答案：D 由上文医生说作者只能活 48 小时可知，医生犯了一个错误(mistake)。空格后的“After all,‎ doctors aren't necessarily right.”也有提示。‎ ‎18．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Besides 答案：A 虽然看到了希望，但他们不知道作者的未来会怎么样，前后构成转折关系，故用“但 是”(however)。‎ ‎19．A．alarming B．possible C．reasonable D．pessimistic 答案：B 由上下文可知，如果不是作者顽强地不放弃生命，作者的存活是不可能(not possible)‎ 的。‎ ‎20．A．Accidents B．Coincidences C．Miracles D．Successes 答案：C 由语境可知，只要不放弃，奇迹(miracles)就会发生在我们身上。一个医生预测只能活 ‎48 小时的车祸伤员，竟凭着顽强的意志活了下来，堪称奇迹。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A ‎[2017·河北枣强中学检测]Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been moving northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do ‎ this,_ plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to theground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seedsW1.‎ But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. This happens especially in places where white spruce(白云杉) grows. White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distancesW2 in the wind. When wind-blown seeds endupP1 on the tundra beyond the tree line, they finally sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.‎ New trees will provide shelterW3 for some snow. Keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the air around. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further increases a forest's ability to expand. What's more, more trees will trapW4 more snow, preventing much of it from being blownawayP2. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line.‎ People worry about effects on the animals that depend on frozenW5 conditions for food and shelter.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，文中讲述的是即使树不能走路，它们仍然在移动。文章介绍了树 移动的原因，以及全球变暖对树木的影响。‎ ‎1．What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?‎ A．The reducing of northern tundra.‎ B．The rising temperature.‎ C．The cold and strong wind.‎ D．The rich resources in the north.‎ 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treelesstundra (冻原) starts has been moving northward.”(在北极地区，温度比世界上任何地方都要上升得快。‎ 当这一切发生时，标志着森林结束和寸木不生的冻原开始的树线就一直向北移动。)可知，在北极树 木向北移动的主要原因是温度升高。故选 B。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．To produce more seeds.‎ B．To move northward.‎ C．To respond to the climate change.‎ D．To protect themselves from the cold wind.‎ 答案：D 词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“Trees growing along the tree ‎ line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，沿着树线生长的树木必须保护自己免受寒风的袭击。由此可知，此处 this 指的是保护它们免受寒风的袭击。故选 D。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder.‎ B．The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.‎ C．New trees can make the air around warmer.‎ D．New trees can bring more food and shelter to local animals.‎ 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“New trees will provide shelter for some snow.”(新的树木将为一些雪提供庇护。)和第三、四句“Instead, the trees absorb(吸收) the sun's heat. This warms the air around.”(相反，树木吸收太阳的热量，这温暖了周围的空气。)可知，新的树木可以使周围的空气更温暖。故选 C。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．seed n. 种子 2.distance n. 距离 ‎3．shelter n．/vt. 庇护所；躲避；避难 ‎4．trap vt./n. 使陷入困境；陷阱 ‎5．frozen adj. 冷冻的；结冰的 P重点短语 ‎1．end up 最终来到；最后处于 2.blow away 吹走；吹跑 B ‎[2016·江苏高考]El Niño, a Spanish termW1 for “the Christ child”，‎ ‎ was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes theotherwayroundP1.‎ The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997-98 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.‎ But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flamesW2. A multi-year drought (干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains broughtaboutP2 by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.‎ The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, ‎ rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstructionW3.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causalW4， helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priorityW5‎ ‎.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，文中主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象名称的由来、发生的时间、造成的 影响，督促人们加强风险前资金的投入，改进基础设施，为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。‎ ‎4．What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?‎ A．It is named after a South American fisherman.‎ B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.‎ C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.‎ D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.‎ 答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.”可知，厄尔尼诺现象见证了大海中水流方向的变化。故选 D。‎ ‎5．What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?‎ A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.‎ B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.‎ C．Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.‎ D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.‎ 答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose.”可知，总的来说富裕国家从强有力的厄尔尼诺现象中收获的比失去的多。故 C 项正确。‎ ‎6．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ________.‎ A．more investment should go to risk reduction B．governments of poor countries need more aid C．victims of El Niño deserve more compensation D．recovery and reconstruction should come first 答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句“According to... (ODI),‎ ‎ however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance...”可知，在过去二十年 里仅有 12%的灾难救济资金用于提前降低风险，因此第四段旨在说明应该投入更多的资金来降低风险。‎ ‎7．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce El Niño and its origin.‎ B．To explain the consequences of El Niño.‎ C．To show ways of fighting against El Niño.‎ D．To urge people to prepare for El Niño.‎ 答案：D 推理判断题。综合全文内容并结合文章最后一段可知，本文旨在督促人们为厄尔尼诺 现象做好准备。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．term n. 术语；学期；条款 2.flame n. 火苗；火焰 ‎3．reconstruction n. 重建；改造 ‎4．causal adj. 因果关系的；有原因的 ‎5．priority n. 优先事项；首要事情 P重点短语 ‎1．the other way round 相反；反过来 ‎2．bring about 导致；引起 Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时 8′)‎ Mrs. White was in hurry to visit her grandson because she missed her ‎ very much. It was nearly three months when she last saw her grandson. When she was walking by a playground, a football fly in her direction. She was already in her seventy. Should she kick the ball back and should she just go past leave it where it was？Finally she gave it a kick with greatly effort and the ball went straight on into the goal. What amazing it was! She helped them win the game.‎ 答案：‎ Mrs .White was in ∧ahurry to visit her grandson because she missed her Him very much. It was nearly three months when since she last saw her grandson. When she was walking by a playground, a football fly flew in her direction. She was already in her seventy seventies. Should she kick the ball back and or should she just go past leave leaving it where it was? Finally she gave it a kick with greatly great effort and the ball went straight on＼ into the goal. What How amazing it was! She helped them win the game.‎ 第一处：hurry 前加 a in a hurry 为固定搭配，意为“匆匆忙忙地”。‎ 第二处：her→him 人称代词指代前后要一致。‎ 第三处：when→since 根据句意可知，用 since“自从”。‎ 第四处：fly→flew 根据上下文可知，用一般过去时。‎ 第五处：seventy→seventies in her seventies 意为“在她七十几岁的时候”。‎ 第六处：and→or 本句为选择疑问句，应用 or。‎ 第七处：leave→leaving 考查现在分词作伴随状语。‎ 第八处：greatly→great 用形容词 great 修饰名词 effort。‎ 第九处：去掉 on go straight into...意为“直接进入；径直走进……”。‎ 第十处：What→How 考查感叹句“How＋adj.＋主语＋系动词”句型。‎