【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语篇部分专题二第3讲段尾类

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语篇部分专题二第3讲段尾类

第3讲　段尾类 段尾设空的类型多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。‎ ‎1 总结概括句 解题指导　做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句；二要注意在选项中查找thus, therefore, hence, so, as a result, in a word, in short, to conclude, to sum up等表示结果、结论、总结的词语；三要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、并列、排比等关系。如果在文章第一段的段尾设空，要认真阅读看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章的第一段要提出主题，如果在段尾提出主题，常用一些信号词(如转折词)引出来，正确答案中应有这样的信号词。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·北京高考)‎ If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” __49__‎ D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.‎ 解析　D　根据上文描述篮球明星的做法和空格前的“学习参加团队运动的小孩子经常被告知‘团队里没有个人’”形成的对比可推断出，选项D “明星们很明显不遵守体育精神这一基本原则”对全段作了总结概括，故答案为D。‎ ‎2 承上启下句 解题指导　做题时如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，要认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能紧密联系起来。[典例1]　(2018·浙江高考)‎ Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. __31__‎ G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.‎ 解析　G　根据下文叙述的几条建议可知，空格处承上启下；上文提到，被邻居接受的最容易的方法就是你要使自己表现出是一个好邻居。G项(以下是几条帮助你快速赢取社区所有人的心的建议)符合语境。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.__36__‎ ‎ ... ‎ ‎__40__ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.‎ A．This time there was no tent.‎ B．Things are going to be improved.‎ C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.‎ D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.‎ F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.‎ G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.‎ 解析　36.D　空格处位于首段段末，由位置可判断出考查的有可能是带有转折性或启发性的承上启下的总起句。 分析上下文，找关键词句：由空格前“If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.”可知，作者一开始是不喜欢camping(露营)的，但从下文几段的叙述却发现作者逐渐爱上露营，暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。由此判断此处应是一个转折性的总起句。对照选项匹配： D项中“however” 表转折，与上一步的判断对应，再D项中“since then”承上，“I was to learn a lot about camping ”启下，是下文的总起，故D符合题意。‎ ‎40．E　空格处位于末段段首，本文又是夹叙夹议的文章，很大可能是文章的总结概括句。分析上下文，找关键词句：根据下文“It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.”可知，作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据上文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。对照选项匹配：E项“I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.(我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营)”既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好地衔接了下文。‎ 过关检测(限时：20分钟)‎ ‎(2019·湖南株洲质检一)Rise and shine! Morning time just became your new best friend. Love it or hate it, using the mornjng hours before work may be the key to a successful and healthy lifestyle. __1__ In addition, the health benefits for those with a life before work go on and on. Let's explore 4 of the things successful people do before 8 am.‎ Exercise.‎ Most people that work out daily, work out in the morning. Exercising before work gives you an increase of energy for the day and a sense of accomplishment. Even if you ‎ aren't bright eyed and bushy tailed at the thought of a 5 am jog, try waking up 15 minutes early for a quick bedside set of pushups or stretching. __2__‎ Map Out Your Day.‎ Maximize your potential by mapping out your schedule for the day, as well as your goals and to dos. The morning is a good time for this as it is often one of the only quiet times a person gets throughout the day. The early hours foster easier reflection that helps when prioritizing (优先) your activities. __3__‎ Visualize your day.‎ ‎__4__ The morning is the perfect time to spend some quiet time inside your mind planning or visualizing. Take a moment to visualize your day ahead of you, focusing on the successes you will have. Even just a minute of visualization and positive thinking can help improve your mood and outlook on your work load for the day.‎ ‎__5__‎ We all have that one item on our to do list that we fear. It troubles you all day (or week) until you finally do it after much procrastination (拖延). Instead of anticipating the unpleasantness of it from first coffee through your lunch break, do that least desirable task on your list first. The morning is the time when you are generally more well rested and your energy level is up. Therefore, you are more well equipped to handle more difficult projects. Look at it this way, and your day will get progressively easier, not the other way around. By the time your work day is ending, you're winding down with easier to dos and heading into your free time more relaxed. Success!‎ A．Connect Socially.‎ B．Make Your Day Top Heavy.‎ C．It'll help wake up your body, and prepare you for your day.‎ D．While scheduling, don't forget about your physical health.‎ E．Morning people have been found to be more active and more productive.‎ F．They also allow for uninterrupted problem solving when trying to fit everything into your timetable.‎ G．These days we talk about our physical health endlessly, but sometimes our mental health gets overlooked.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，作者讲述了早上时间的重要性和成功人士在早上8点之前做的4件事。‎ ‎1．E　上文讲早晨时间的重要性，下文探索成功人士在早上8点之前做的4件事。E项：人们发现早起的人更活跃、更有效率。承上启下且与前后句之间形成递进关系，故选E。‎ ‎2．C　‎ 本段讲早起锻炼的重要性和好处。设空处为细节题，呈上，指出这样做的好处。C项：它会唤醒你的身体，为你的一天做好准备。是早起锻炼的好处，符合本段内容。故选C。‎ ‎3．F　本段讲早上合理安排你的日程和目标计划的好处，F项：当你试图把所有事情都安排在你的时间表上时，它们也有助于不间断地解决问题，符合本段内容，另外此处有代词线索，They指代的是上文的The early hours。故选F。‎ ‎4．G　本段小标题为：设想你的一天。下文提到仅仅是1分钟的设想和积极的思考也可以帮助改善你的心情。G项提醒我们在重视身体健康的同时注重心理健康，符合本段内容，故选G。‎ ‎5．B　本空为段落小标题。根据本段的“... do that least desirable task on your list first. The morning is the time when you are generally more well rested and your energy level is up.”可知，在早上精力充沛时把最不想做的事完成。B项表达了此意，故选B。‎ ‎(2019·辽宁葫芦岛高三上期末)‎ US‎ City Bans Texting While Walking Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safely, by looking both ways for cars. But do they also teach them to put away their cell phones?‎ The city of Honolulu, Hawaii wants everyone to learn that lesson. __1__ Beginning on October 24, you could be fined from $15 to $99 if you step into a Honolulu street while looking at your phone. Honolulu is the first major US city to ban what is called “distracted (分散注意) walking”. It recently passed a law in a seven to two vote. The law says: “No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing a mobile electronic device.” __2__‎ The law's creators hope it will lower the number of people hit and killed by cars in the city. Mayor Kirk Caldwell told Reuters news agency, “We hold the unfortunate distinction (区别) of being a major city with more pedestrians being hit in crosswalks, particularly our elders, than almost any other city in the country.”‎ The law includes all electronic devices with screens: cell phones, tables, gaming devices, digital cameras and laptop computers. __3__ Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers.‎ ‎__4__ The Governors Highway Safety Association, or GHSA, says pedestrian deaths in the United States increase 25 percent between 2010 and 2015. That trend continued in 2016 with the number of pedestrian deaths rising to almost 6,000, 11% higher than in 2015.‎ If you still want to text while walking, you could avoid being fined in Honolulu (and be safer, in general) by using a voice－controlled digital (数字的) assistant such ‎ as Siri or Google Assistant. __5__‎ A．The law does permit an exception.‎ B．Or you could just wait until you are again, safely, off the street.‎ C．You will be sentenced to prison while using cell phones in the street.‎ D．Pedestrian deaths have been increasing as the use of cell phones rises.‎ E．Texting while crossing the street will soon be banned in the city.‎ F．The law permits people to watch TV while crossing the street.‎ G．In other words, do not look at a screen when you cross the street or you could be fined.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了随着手机使用量的增加，行人死亡人数不断增加。为了减少事故，美国城市颁布了禁止走路时发手机信息的法律。‎ ‎1．E　本文主要讲美国城市禁止走路时发手机信息。下句“Beginning on October 24, you could be fined from $15 to $99 if you step into a Honolulu street while looking at your phone. ”是规定的具体内容。E项：过马路时发短信很快就会被禁止，与下句形成递进关系，故选E。‎ ‎2．G　上句“No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing a mobile electronic device.”是法律规定，G项：换句话说，当你过马路的时候不要看屏幕，否则你会被罚款，是对上句的进一步解释，故选G。‎ ‎3．A　上句讲在街上不允许使用的电子设备包括哪些，下句讲但是可以用这些设备呼叫紧急服务。说明有例外的情况。A项：法律允许例外。承上启下连接前后，故选A。‎ ‎4．D　本空为总结概括句。本段主要讲述美国行人死亡率持续上涨的情况，D项：随着手机使用量的增加，行人死亡人数也在不断增加，说明了这一情况，故选D。‎ ‎5．B　本段讲如果走路时想用手机，为了避免被罚款可以使用声控设备。B项：或者你可以一直等到安全地离开街道，与上句并列，是另外一种解决办法。故选B。‎ 强化特训7　七选五(三)(限时：32分钟)‎ ‎[1]‎ How to age well Getting older is inevitable, but you can slow the decline of aging with smart choices along the way. From the foods you eat and how you exercise to your friendships, they all have an effect on how fast or slow your body ages. __1__‎ Lose just a little bit of weight.‎ Small changes in body weight can have a big impact on health risks. __2__ While ‎ we'd love to lose our extra pounds, it's easier to start with a five per cent weight loss goal and keep on.‎ Avoid processed meats.‎ ‎__3__ A number of studies have found associations between eating a lot of processed meats and poor health. Other research has implicated processed meats are in a higher risk for cancer. But there was no increase in risk associated with eating unprocessed red meat.‎ ‎__4__‎ The best eating strategy for aging well is to skip processed foods and drinks. That will immediately reduce added sugars from your diet. Once you cut out packaged foods, you will start eating a lot more fruits and vegetables, lean meats and fish and whole grains. __5__‎ Meanwhile, invest in a new pair of walking shoes, a gym membership or a delicious healthy meal with your family and loved ones. All of those are likely to do much for your emotional and physical health.‎ A．Skip packaged foods.‎ B．Save the money you would spend on rich food.‎ C．And the good news is that it's never too late to get started.‎ D．This has been shown in numerous studies to be good for you.‎ E．There's some evidence that vitamin B12 is good for the aging brain.‎ F．Losing just five per cent of your body weight has been shown to reduce your risk for diabetes and heart disease.‎ G．Processed meats like hot dogs and sausages have been salted, cured or smoked to improve preservation.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何减缓衰老这一问题给出了自己的建议。‎ ‎1．C　根据上文“From the foods you eat and how you exercise to your friendships, they all have an effect on how fast or slow your body ages.”可知，此句是在讲述影响衰老的因素，故C项(好消息是现在开始还不晚。)可以承接该句。‎ ‎2．F　根据下文“While we'd love to lose our extra pounds，it's easier to start with a five per cent weight loss goal and keep on.”可知，F项(减少5%的体重，就会降低糖尿病和心脏病的风险。)符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎3．G　根据下文“A number of studies have found associations between eating a lot of processed meats and poor health.”可知，此处G项(加工肉像热狗和香肠等为了便于保存，已经被盐腌或熏过。)符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎4．A　根据下文“The best eating strategy for aging well is to skip processed foods ‎ and drinks.”可知，这一段的标题是“不吃包装食品”。故选A。‎ ‎5．D　本段讲述最好的进食策略是不吃加工食品和不喝饮料，多吃水果和蔬菜、瘦肉、鱼和全谷物。这些防止衰老的方法应该是经过研究证实的，是对人的健康有好处的。故选D。‎ ‎[2]‎ In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out.‎ Steve Graham, a literacy professor at Vanderbilt University in Nashville‎, ‎Tennessee, has been hearing about the death of handwriting for the past fifteen years. __1__ He said, “If the results of a survey we have published this year are accurate, it is being taught by about ninety percent of teachers in grades one to three.”‎ Ninety percent of teachers also say they are required to teach handwriting. __2__‎ Professor Graham says one study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. __3__ Others teach it for sixty to seventy minutes a day.‎ Many adults remember learning that way—by copying letters over and over again. __4__ Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught only with itself. Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. __5__‎ Teachers commonly report that about one－fourth of their students have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important anymore because of computers and voice recognition (识别) programs.‎ A．So is it still being taught?‎ B．After all, that is why we write.‎ C．Nowadays teachers pay more and more attention to their students' writing.‎ D．But who cares if people know how to write well?‎ E．But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it.‎ F．Today's thinking is that short periods of practices are better.‎ G．He says some teachers teach handwriting for ten to fifteen minutes a day.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在电脑时代，学校教授书法的现状研究。‎ ‎1．A　根据下文中的“it is being taught by about ninety percent of teachers in grades one to three”可知，空处应表示对是否要教学生书法的疑问，故A项符合语境。‎ ‎2．E　根据下文第四段第一句话可知，此处表示对研究结果的进一步分析，故E项符合语境。‎ ‎3．G　根据下文中的“Others teach it for sixty to seventy minutes a ‎ day.”可知，此处表示一些老师教授书法的时间，所以G项符合语境。‎ ‎4．F　根据语境可知，空处与上文的“Many adults remember learning that way—by copying letters over and over again.”形成对比，并与下文的“Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught only with itself.”呼应，此处讲述的是学书法的方法的今昔差异，故F项符合语境。‎ ‎5．B　根据语境可知，空处承接上文中的“Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas.”，此处表示表达想法正是我们练习书法的原因，所以B项符合语境。‎ ‎[3]‎ Cowboys in the ‎US Cowboys played an important role in the settling of the West. Ranching (牧场经营) was a big industry and cowboys helped to run the ranches. __1__‎ The round－up Each spring and fall the cowboys would work on the “round－up”. __2__ Cattle would walk freely much of the year and then the cowboys would need to bring them in. In order to tell what cattle belonged to their ranch, the cattle would have a special mark burned into them called a “brand”．‎ Horse and saddle (马鞍)‎ The most important item of any cowboy was his horse and saddle. The saddles were often custom－made (定制的) and, next to his horse, probably the most valuable item a cowboy owned. __3__‎ Clothing Cowboys wore special clothing that helped them with their jobs. They wore large 10－gallon hats to protect them from the sun and the rain. They wore special cowboy boots that helped them to get in and out of the stirrups (马镫) when riding a horse. __4__ Many cowboys wore chaps on the outsides of their legs to help protect them from sharp bushes that their horse may rub up against.‎ Cowboy code ‎__5__ The code included such rules as being polite and respectful, always saying “howdy”， not waving at a man on a horse (you should nod), never riding another man's horse without his permission, always helping someone in need, and never putting on another man's hat.‎ A．They herded cattle, repaired buildings, and took care of the horses.‎ B．The cowboys of the Old West had an unwritten code that they lived by.‎ C．This was when the cowboys would bring in all the cattle from the open ranch.‎ D．Horses were so important that anyone caught stealing a horse was usually ‎ hanged!‎ E．Their clothing grew out of practical need and the environment in which they worked.‎ F．This was especially important if they fell, so they wouldn't get dragged by their horse.‎ G．They have deep historic roots dating back to the earliest European settlers of America.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西部牛仔的工作、装束及要遵守的规则。‎ ‎1．A　根据上文“Ranching (牧场经营) was a big industry and cowboys helped to run the ranches.”可知，牛仔们要负责经营牧场。A项“他们放牧牛群，修缮房屋，照顾马匹。”进一步解释了他们具体的工作内容。‎ ‎2．C　根据上文“Each spring and fall the cowboys would work on the ‘round－up’．”可知，每年春秋季节牛仔们都会将牛群聚集到一起。C项“This was when ... ”与前面的时间相呼应。‎ ‎3．D　根据此段的小标题可知，本段介绍的是牛仔的马及马鞍。前面在介绍马鞍，此处介绍马，故选D。‎ ‎4．F　根据上文“They wore special cowboy boots that helped them to get in and out of the stirrups (马镫) when riding a horse.”可知，牛仔骑马时会穿特殊的靴子，以方便他们的脚容易进出马镫。F项“这一点特别重要，因为如果他们摔倒了，他们就不会被他们的马拖拽。”承接上文，符合行文逻辑。‎ ‎5．B　根据本段小标题Cowboy code可知，本段主要介绍牛仔们要遵守的规则。B项“古老西部的牛仔有一个他们要遵循的不成文的规则。”符合文意。‎ ‎[4]‎ We were high in the mountains of Xishuangbanna, as far south as you can get in Yunnan, skirting the borders of Myanmar and Laos. The drive was typical, textbook beauty: mountains thick with rubber tree forests, Pu'er tea plantations and banana palms and tiny Dai villages. Hidden among the fields of green, I spotted an odd collection of wooden boxes near a tent on the side of the road. __1__‎ We had run into the current home of Wei Dajing, a 17－year－old apprentice (学徒) beekeeper who was manning his hives. Wei was fresh to the beekeeping life, and had been on the job for just two months and was here to learn from a master beekeeper. Their tent and hive set－up are always temporary. __2__ This particular spot was stationed at a sunny patch of yellow flowers. “Once these flowers die, the rubber trees will be flowering, so we will move towards them，” he told Sam.‎ Like thieves in the night, the beekeepers will stealthily pack up their hives in the dark once the bees go to sleep. “They are most active around midday when they are collecting their nectar (花蜜). __3__” Wei explained.‎ The hives were humming, and bees were invasively buzzing around Wei as he spoke to us. Pieces of fruit lay drying among the hives, used to feed the bees and give them an extra boost of energy once Wei bottled up their hard－earned honey. Sam, who also had a couple of his own small hives in his backyard, told us you must always leave a little bit of honey in the hive. __4__‎ We waved goodbye to Wei. Back at Sam's house, he gave us a bowlful of local honey. __5__ Lacking the usual sweetness of honey but instead rich with a more savoury, spiced flavour, it tasted just like China.‎ A．It was smooth, thin and runny.‎ B．Wei skilfully collected honey from the hives.‎ C．Otherwise the bees get fed up and abandon you.‎ D．Maybe it is the flowers that give such unique taste to the honey.‎ E．By 10 pm they are asleep in their hives, which is when we move.‎ F．I asked our excellent guide and new best friend, Sam, to pull over.‎ G．Wei and his master move their camp as the flowers bloom and die.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在西双版纳高山上见到的养蜂人和了解到的一些养蜂情况。‎ ‎1．F　根据上一句“Hidden among the fields of green, I spotted an odd collection of wooden boxes near a tent on the side of the road.”可知，作者在路边的一个帐篷附近发现了一堆奇怪的木箱。F项“我请优秀向导和新朋友萨姆靠边停车。”与上句连接，说明作者对木箱好奇。‎ ‎2．G　根据上一句“Their tent and hive set－up are always temporary.”可知，他们的帐篷和蜂箱总是临时的。G项“他们随着花开花谢移动营地。”承接上句，符合行文逻辑。‎ ‎3．E　根据上一句“They are most active around midday when they are collecting their nectar (花蜜)．”可知，蜜蜂最活跃的时候是在正午时收集它们的花蜜的时候。E项“到了晚上10点，它们就睡在蜂箱里，这时我们就开始活动。”承接上句，符合行文逻辑。around midday与by 10 pm是解题的关键词语。‎ ‎4．C　根据上一句“Sam, who also had a couple of his own small hives in his backyard, told us you must always leave a little bit of honey in the hive.”可知，萨姆告诉我们，一定要在蜂箱里留下一点儿蜂蜜。C项“否则蜜蜂生气后会抛弃你。”说明了原因，符合行文逻辑。‎ ‎5．A　根据上一句“Back at Sam's house, he gave us a bowlful of local honey.”可知，萨姆给了我们一碗当地的蜂蜜。A项“它很光滑，很淡也很黏软”承接上句，符合行文逻辑。‎