2018届二轮语法专题复习主谓一致课件（34张）

2018届二轮语法专题复习主谓一致课件（34张）

2018届二轮复习主谓一致 考点归纳 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致，应遵循以下三个原则： (1) 语法一致：主语为单数，谓语动词用单 数；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。 (2) 意义一致：主语形式为单数，意义是复 数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数， 意义是单数，谓语动词用单数。 (3) 就近一致：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 最靠近它的主语。 1. 并列主语的主谓一致 (1) and 和 both...and 连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同 的人或事物，其概念是复数，句子的谓语动词用复 数。此时 and 意为“和”。如： Her teacher and her friend are in the sittingroom . (2) and 连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人、同一件事 或同一个概念时，句子的谓语动词用单数；此时，后 一个名词前不用冠词。此时 and 意为“兼”。如： The poet and writer has produced many works. (3) and 连接的并列主语是单数概念，前面有 every ， each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；但当 each 放在由 and 连接的并列单数主语后面，修饰复数 概念的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。前者 each 为形容词，后者 each 为副词，意为“分别 地”。在“ each/every ＋ n . ＋ and ＋ each/every ＋ n .” 中，后一个 each/every 可省略。如： Each boy and each girl has been invited to the party. The boy and the girl each have their own toys. (4) and 连接的两个 what 从句作主语时，谓语动词 的单复数应根据意义一致的原则来确定。如： What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 ( 言和行是两件事，所以谓语用 复数 ) What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 ( 言行作为同一主体的行 为，谓语用单数 ) (5) or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not...but..., not only...but also 等连接的名词 ( 或代词 ) 作主语 时，谓语动词的单复数应依据就近一致的原则， 与最邻近的主语一致。如： Either you or he is to go. (6) 当主语后面跟有 as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides,, including, in addition to 等连 接的名词时，其谓语动词的单复数与这类短语前 的主语一致。如 : The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. A woman with two children has come. 2. 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1) 某些集体名词，如 family, public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等作主 语时，谓语的数要依据主语所表示的意义来决 定。如果该集体名词表达的意义是一个整体 时，谓语动词用单数；如表达的是集体中的个 体时，谓语动词用复数。如： Our family is a happy one. 我们有个幸福的家庭。 ( 指我们家这个整体 ) The family are early risers. 这家人都起得早。 ( 指这家的人，为个体 ) (2) 通常表示复数意义的集体名词，如： people, police, cattle( 牛 ), folk, youth, militia( 民兵 ) 等作主语时，谓语动词通常用 复数；通常用作不可数名词的集体名词，如 equipment ， furniture 作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。 (3) 单复数同形的名词，如 means ( 方法 ) ， works ( 工厂 ) ， species ( 种类 ) ， Chinese ， Japanese 等作主语时，依据意义一致的原 则，当表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数； 反之，谓语动词用复数。如： Every possible means has been tried, but in vain. All possible means have been tried, but in vain. 3. 表示数量的名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1) 当名词词组的中心词为表示时间、距离、金钱 等的复数名词时，可根据意义一致的原则， 将这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用 单数。如： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. (2) “a(great)number of/many/a few ＋可数名 词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： A number of scientists are searching for a cure for the deadly disease. 注意： “ a number of ＋名词复数”表示“许心词为名词复数，故谓语动词用复数；而“ the number of ＋名词复数”表示“ …… 的数量”，中心词则为 number ，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。如： A number of students have gone home. 许多学生已经回家了。 The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 这本书有两百页。 (3) “some/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of ＋ 可数名词 / 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动 词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致。 (4) “a little/much/a great deal of ＋不可数名 词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (5) a large quantity of 和 large quantities of 表示 “许多，大量”，既可以修饰可数名词，又可 以修饰不可数名词； a large amount of 和 large amounts of 表示“许多，大量”，只修饰不可数 名词。以上四个短语作主语时，谓语动词的单 复数取决于 quantity/amount 的单复数。 (6) “ 分数 / 百分数＋ of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语 动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一 致。如： Threefifths of the workers here are women. About threefourths of the earth's surface is covered with water. 注意： population 作主语，谓语动词用单数；但 被分数、百分数修饰时，谓语动词则用复 数。如： Twothirds of the population here are workers. The entire population of the town was present at the meeting. (7) “more than one / many a + 单数名词”结构作 主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.  ( 陕西 2010) 4. 其他情况下谓语动词的主谓一致 (1) there be 结构中的谓语动词应与最靠近谓语 动词的名词的单复数一致。如： There is a desk and some chairs in the room. (2) ( 动名词、不定式 ) 短语、从句或句子作主语 时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 真题再现 1. The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ 　　　　 to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013 福建高考 ) A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 解析： 选 B 。考查主谓一致。句意 : 著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在 2012 年台北花博会开幕式上表演。 as well as 连接两个并列的名词作主语 , 谓语动词应和前面的名词一致 , 故排除 A 、 C 两项。本题只是陈述在过去的时间发生的事 , 故用一般过去时 , 由于 the famous musician 和 invite 之间是被动关系 , 故选 B 。 2. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. (2013 江苏高考 ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 解析 : 选 A 。考查主谓一致和时态。句意 : 一般说来 , 学生的内在动机和来自于他人的高期望值对他们的发展是必要的。此处考查主谓一致中的就前原则 , 除了 with 外 , 还有 together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than 等。根据就前原则 , 谓语动词的数应与 inner motivation 一致 , 因此使用单数形式 , 排除 B 项和 D 项。然后根据 generally 确定使用一般现在时 , 因此答案为 A 。 3. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8, 450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them. (2013 湖南高考 ) A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 解析： 选 A 。考查主谓一致。句意 : 这所大学估计一名国际生的生活开销每年大约是 8450 美元 , 这对其中的一些学生来说是一大负担。 living expenses 生活开销 , 为复数名词 , 故谓语动词用复数 ; $8, 450 为金钱概念 , 谓语动词用单数。 4. Among the crises that face humans _____ the lack of natural resources. ( 上海 2013) A. is                   B. are C. is there         D. are there 解析： 选 A 。句中状语提前，用了倒装语序，句子的主语 lack 是不可数名词，故选 is 。 5. All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. ( 湖南 2012) A. show; are          B. shows; are C. show; is             D. shows; is   解析： 选 D 。 evidence 是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数； increasing use of chemicals 的中心词是 use ，故谓语动词用单数。 6. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _____ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.   ( 江苏 2011) A. suggest               B. suggests C. suggested           D. suggesting 解析： 选 B 。本句说明了一个现在存在的事实，故用一般现在时。主句的主语是 The fact ，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。 suggest 在此意为“表明”。 巩固练习 1. It turned out that the thief had been noticed by the people who _____ exercising by the roadside. A. was              B. were C. is                  D. are B 2. As the number of appliances in our homes _____ increased, so has the noise level. A. have             B. has C. is                  D. are B 3. The woman told me that her children as well as her husband _____ working in the city, and she was living in the village on her own. A. is                   B. was C. were             D. are C 4. My father, together with his colleagues, _____ going to study in Germany next month. A. was                 B. were C. is                     D. are C 5. We are all disappointed that many a bright idea _____ put into action so far. A. isn’t                   B. aren’t C. haven’t been     D. hasn’t been D 6. The problem is so difficult that neither the teacher nor his students _____ able to work it out. A. are               B. is C. were             D. was A 7. The game is very boring — no teacher and no student _____ take part in it. A. were going to        B. are going to C. was going to          D. is going to D 8. What I want to give you as a gift _____ something money can’t buy. A. is               B. are C. was     D. were A 9. As you know, making eye contact — looking directly into someone’s eyes _____ a way to show interest here. A. are           B. is C. were           D. was B 10. Such _____ the difficulty we are now faced with. A. is                              B. was C. are                           D. were A 11. Joe, along with his friends _____ bound to find nobody there, for the rest ____ gone for their lunch. A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. are; has A 12. A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures taken by the government ____ to promote change in the economic environment in this area. A. are expecting B. are expected C. is expecting D. is expected B 13. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _______ rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping C