2018-2019学年四川省成都外国语学校高一下学期入学考试英语试题Word版含解析

2018-2019学年四川省成都外国语学校高一下学期入学考试英语试题Word版含解析

‎2018-2019学年四川省成都外国语学校高一（下）开学 英语试卷 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节）第一节 （满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中， 选出最佳选项．并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．‎ In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.‎ National Theatre Of China Beijing｜Chinese This great occasion(盛会) will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.‎ Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2.30 pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30 pm & 6.30 pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi｜Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导) by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.‎ Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2.30 pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30 pm Deafinitely Theatre London｜British Sign Language(BSL)‎ By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.‎ Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30 pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30 pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv｜Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the ‎ UK.‎ Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30 & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30 pm ‎1. Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?‎ A. RichardⅢ. B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost.‎ C. As You Like It. D. The Merchant of Venice.‎ ‎2. What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?‎ A. It has two groups of actors. B. It is the leading theatre in London.‎ C. It performs plays in BSL. D. It is good at producing comedies.‎ ‎3. When can you see a play in Hebrew?‎ A. On Saturday 28 April. B. On Sunday 29 April.‎ C. On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May.‎ ‎【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国家的大剧院上映的事情。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据题干the National Theatre of China可知，定位到National Theatre of China段落处，根据“This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying”可知，Richard III将要在中国国家大剧院上映。故选A。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据题干Deafinitely Theatre定位到Deafinitely Theatre，根据“Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience”可知，Deafinitely Thertre的特殊之处在于由两组演员。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据“Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，可以在5月29日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】阅读理解旨在考查考生对于文章整体的理解与细节的把握与分析，要在了解整篇文章框架的基础上进行选择。本文属于广告类短文，所考查三题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。‎ 例如第21题，根据题目“Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?”，由题目中出现的关键信息the National Theatre of China，直接定位第一篇宣传广告，在文中找到“This production ofShakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying” 可知，Shakespeare’s Richard III会在中国国家大剧院上映，故选A。‎ Barbara McCintock was one of the most import scientists of the twentieth century．She made important discoveries about genes（基因） and chromosomes （染色体）．‎ Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford，Connecticut．Her family moved to Brooklyn area of new York City in 1908．Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music． She also developed an interest in science．‎ She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca， New York． Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921． Years later， she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics．‎ Barbara McClintock decided to study botany， the scientific study of plants， at Cornell University． She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923． McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell． She completed a master‘s degree in 1925． Two years later， she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree．‎ McCintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education． She taught students botany． The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States． The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression． Millions of Americans ‎ were unemployed． Male scientists were offered jobs． But female geneticists were not much in demand．‎ An old friend from Cornell， Marcus Rhoades， invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory． It is a research center on Long Island， near New York City． McClintock started in a temporary （临时的） job with the genetics department． A short time later， she accepted a permanent （永久的） position with the laboratory． This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid．‎ By the 1970s， her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research． McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes． She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize．‎ ‎4. When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree？‎ A. In 1921．‎ B. In 1923．‎ C. In 1925．‎ D. In 1927．‎ ‎5. During the great economic Depression in the US， ．‎ A. young scientists had trouble finding a job B. female geneticists were not wanted at all C. male geneticists were in great demand D. male scientists were out of job ‎6. McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize because of ．‎ A. her research in botany B. her contribution to genetic engineering C. her discoveries about genes and chromosomes D. her unshared work in the laboratory ‎7. The text is likely to appear in A. a biography B. a history paper C. a newspaper D. a philosophy textbook ‎【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇人物传记类阅读。文章主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McCintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。答案定位在第四段She completed a master‘s degree in 1925． Two years later， she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree．可知Barbara McCintock在1925年获得了硕士学位。两年之后，她获得了博士学位。故可推知Barbara McCintock在1927年取得了博士学位，故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。答案定位在第五段 The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States． The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression． Millions of Americans were unemployed． Male scientists were offered jobs． But female geneticists were not much in demand．由此可知，1930年代，经济萧条，很多美国人失业，年轻科学家很难找到工作，男科学家能找到工作，但是女性遗传学家的需求量不大。由此可推知，年轻的女科学家在经济大萧条时期找工作可能会面临困难，故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes． ‎ 可知McClintock因发现基因在染色体上改变位置的能力，而于1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，故选C。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McCintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。由此可知文章可能来自一本人物传记，故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：‎ 细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-‎ 题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题3，答案定位在最后一段McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes． 可知McClintock因发现基因在染色体上改变位置的能力，而于1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，故选C。‎ More students than ever before are taking a gap year（间隔年） before going to university．It used to be the"year off"between school and university．The gap﹣year phenomenon originated（起源） with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year．‎ This year，25310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service （UCAS）．‎ That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year．Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education．"Students who take a well﹣planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course．Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，"he said．‎ But not everyone is happy．Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students （NUS），argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship﹣young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education．"New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15，000 in debt．It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree．NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，"he said．‎ ‎8. What do we learn about the gap year from the text？‎ A. It is flexible in length．‎ B. It is a time for relaxation C. It is required by universities D. It is increasingly popular ‎9. According to Tony Higgins．students taking a gap year ．‎ A. are better prepared for college studies B. know a lot more about their future job C. are more likely to leave university in debt D. have a better chance to enter top universities ‎10. How does Owain James feel about the gap﹣year phenomenon？‎ A. He's puzzled B. He's worried C. He's surprised D. He's annoyed ‎11. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics？‎ A. Earn money for their education B. Make plans for the new term C. Attend additional courses．‎ D. Prepare for their graduate studies．‎ ‎【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了在上大学之前，体验间隔年的学生数量在上升。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 推理判断题。答案定位在第一段More students than ever before are taking a gap year（间隔年） before going to university．可知过间隔年学生比以前多了，第三段第一句话That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year．可知体验间隔年数量上升了14.7%，说明间隔年越来越受到欢迎，故选D。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由人名定位到短文第三段"Students who take a well﹣planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course．Students who ‎ take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，"he said．第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人更成熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助，故选A。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段But not everyone is happy．然后提到Owain，Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students （NUS），argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship，这证明学生很难；…more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree．他说越来越多的学生会在gap year期间是要去挣大学的费用。由此推断出Owain James对间隔年现象很担心，故选B。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，"he said．（数据表明，40%多的学生在学校兼职，90%的学生要在假期打工挣学费），由此可知根据全国学生联合会统计，大多数学生为他们的教育挣钱，故选A。‎ From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations， human beings have been putting great effort into space research． And so far， we have achieved many successes． But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress．‎ The international space station （ISS） is an important step we should take in space exploration． It is not only helpful but also essential． It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time． It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe． It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars． In a word， if we want to explore space more， the first thing we should do is to set up a space station．‎ As the space station costs a lot of money， it is hard for one country alone to establish one． The USA seem to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone， and it has tried to do so， but not very successful． So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together． Though it is still extremely expensive， it is much cheaper than doing it alone． It is really a job that needs everyone's effort and will benefit everyone．‎ Led by the U．S． and Russia， the ISS is a joint project between six space agencies involving 16countries． Called the greatest achievement in human cooperation， the ISS has come to the end of a ten﹣year's hard work in construction． China has applied for participation in （taking part in） the project many times． Unfortunately all the applications were rejected， which drove China onto the path of independent development． As the Long March Ⅱ﹣F/T1 carrier rocket blasted off （leave the ground） and successfully carried the Tiangong﹣1into space on September 29， 2011， China takes a big step toward its Space Station Era．‎ Some West media suggested that the successful launch of Tiangong﹣1 would disturb the balance of global space power， raising concerns about "China threat"． China's space project is not designed for military purpose but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind's well﹣being．‎ ‎12. From Paragraph 2we learn that ．‎ A. the necessity of building the international space station is not realized now B. many experiments have been done in the international space station C. the international space station is necessary for people to explore space more D. people have traveled to Mars from the international space station ‎13. Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries' cooperation in building the international space station？‎ A. That it requires a lot of money．‎ B. That it needs everyone's effort．‎ C. That it will benefit every participating country．‎ D. That it is too far away from the earth．‎ ‎14. The underlined word "aggregated" in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by " "．‎ A. united B. scolded C. allowed D. forbade ‎15. China wants to build its space station in order to ．‎ A. break the balance of global space power B. show that China can build space station alone C. raise international concerns about "China threat"‎ D. make use of space peacefully for mankind's well﹣being ‎【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D ‎【解析】‎ 文章介绍了国际空间站的建设问题。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 段落大意题。根据第2段最后一句In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station可知要想探索太空，建空间站是必要的。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节题。根据文章第三段可知ABC都是原因，只有D不是。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 猜测词义题。根据上文可知单独靠一个国家，建空间站是非常困难的，那么很多国家联合起来，一起建空间站。故A正确。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 细节题。根据文章最后三行China’s space project is not designed for military (军事的) purpose but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind’s well-being.可知D正确。‎ 第二节 （满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．‎ Ways to Make People Like You ‎1．Remember a person's name．‎ It is said that the sweetest sound to a person's ears is their own name． "The average person is more interested in their own name than in all the other names in the world put together．" People love their names so much that they will often donate large amounts of money just to have a building named after themselves．____16____ ‎ ‎2． Be a good listener．‎ Encourage others to talk about themselves． The easiest way to become a good conversationalist is to become a good listener． To be a good listener， we must ‎ actually care about what people have to say．____17____ They just want someone who will listen to them．‎ ‎3． Talk in terms of the other person's interest．‎ ‎____18____ If we talk to people about what they are interested in， they will feel valued and value us in return．‎ ‎4．____19____‎ ‎"You can make more friends in two months by being interested in them than in two years by making them interested in you．" The only way to make quality， lasting friendships is to learn to be genuinely interested in them and their interests．‎ ‎5． Make the other person feel important ﹣ and do it sincerely．‎ ‎____20____ We love to feel important and so does everyone else． People will talk to us for hours if we allow them to talk about themselves． If we can make people feel important in a sincere and appreciative way， then we will win all the friends we could ever dream of．‎ A． Become genuinely interested in other people．‎ B． We should think of questions in the shoes of other people．‎ C． Many times people don't want an entertaining conversation partner．‎ D． We should offer as much time as we can to other people who talk to us．‎ E． The golden rule is to treat other people as we would like to be treated．‎ F． The royal road to a person's heart is to talk about the things he or she treasures most．‎ G． We can make people feel extremely valued and important by remembering their name．‎ ‎【答案】16. G 17. C ‎ ‎18. F 19. A ‎ ‎20. E ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章作者介绍了如何让别人喜欢你的策略和方法。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据本段小标题Remember a person's ‎ name主要从记住一个人的名字，这与G选项“记住他们的名字，我们可以让人们感到他们非常有价值和重要”意思相符，故选G。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据下文They just want someone who will listen to them他们只是想要一个能听他们说话的人，这与C选项“很多时候人们不希望有一个有趣的谈话伙伴”意思相符，故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据下文If we talk to people about what they are interested in， they will feel valued and value us in return如果我们和人们谈论他们感兴趣的东西，他们会觉得我们很有价值，并以此回报我们，这与F选项“通向一个人心灵之路是谈论他或她最珍视的东西”意思相符，故选F。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据下文The only way to make quality， lasting friendships is to learn to be genuinely interested in them and their interests只有学会真正地关心他们和他们的兴趣，才能建立高质量、持久的友谊，这与A选项“对他人真正感兴趣”意思相符，故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据下文We love to feel important and so does everyone else我们喜欢感觉自己很重要，其他人也一样，这与E选项“金科玉律就是要像希望自己如何被对待一样对待别人”意思相符，故选E。‎ 第二部分 完形填空（共20题；每题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题所给出的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上把该项涂黑．‎ William Franklin came to my class half a year ago．But from his first day here，he ____21____ himself in his own world and he never spoke to others．As his teacher，I tried to start a talk with him but ____22____．It seemed as if he just didn't want to break his____23____．‎ After the Thanksgiving holiday，we received the news of the____24____ Christmas collection of money for the____25____ in our school．"Christmas is a season of____26____，"I told my students．"Some poor students in our school might not have a____27____ holiday．By giving a little money，you will help____28____ some toys，food and clothing for these needy students．We will____29____ the collection tomorrow．"‎ The next morning，_____30_____，I found out almost everyone had_____31_____ this matter except Willard Franklin．He came up to my desk with his head down．_____32_____，he dropped two coins into the small box．"I don't need milk for lunch，"he said in a_____33_____ voice．‎ After school I couldn't help sharing what had_____34_____ in the morning with our headmaster．"I may be wrong，but I _____35_____ Willard might be ready to become part of our class．"I am _____36_____ to hear that，"he nodded．"And I just received a list of the poor families in our school who most need _____37_____．Here，take a look at it．"‎ As I sat down to_____38_____，I found Willard Franklin was at the top of the list．At that moment，I felt I really _____39_____ Willard for the first time：a cold face with a warm heart．From this_____40_____，I also learnt that whether rich or poor，every child has a kind heart．‎ ‎21. A. seated B. shut C. tied D. taught ‎22. A. failed B. stopped C. misunderstood D. left ‎23. A. imagination B. pleasure C. sadness D. silence ‎24. A. weekly B. daily C. monthly D. yearly ‎25. A. young B. sick C. poor D. honest ‎26. A. giving B. enjoying C. receiving D. saving ‎27. A. true B. happy C. usual D. long ‎28. A. find B. make C. buy D. collect ‎29. A. prepare B. finish C. start D. continue ‎30. A. so B. however C. then D. moreover ‎31. A. discussed B. forgotten C. learnt D. remembered ‎32. A. Quickly B. Suddenly C. Certainly D. Carefully ‎33. A. soft B. loud C. low D. deep ‎34. A. appeared B. happened C. arrived D. remained ‎35. A. hope B. wish C. wonder D. believe ‎36. A. glad B. sorry C. shocked D. lucky ‎37. A. message B. report C. research D. help ‎38. A. rest B. read C. work D. study ‎39. A. liked B. knew C. met D. accepted ‎40. A. result B. success C. talk D. experience ‎【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过自己班上看似冷酷的贫困学生Willard Franklin热心捐款的经历，说明了无论贫穷还是富有，每个孩子都有一颗善良的心。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。根据and he never spoke to others可知他把自己关在自己的世界里。A. seated使坐下； B. shut关闭；C. tied系；D. taught教，故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。根据It seemed as if he just didn't want to break his____3____．可知作为他的老师，我试图开始跟他交谈，但失败了。A. failed失败；B. stopped停止；C. misunderstood误解；D. left离开，故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。由上文可知，富兰克林把自己关在自己的世界里不和别人说话，所以这里是打破沉默。A. imagination想象；B. pleasure快乐；C. sadness悲伤；D. silence沉默，故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：感恩节过后，我们收到了消息，要为我们学校贫穷的学生进行一年一次的圣诞募捐。A. weekly每周一次；B. daily日常地；C. monthly每月一次；D. yearly一年一次，故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。根据Some poor students in our school might not have a____7____‎ ‎ holiday．可知这里意思是感恩节过后，我们收到了消息，要为我们学校贫穷的学生进行一年一次的圣诞募捐。A. young年轻的；B. sick生病的； C. poor贫穷的；D. honest诚实的，故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。根据By giving a little money可知这里意思是圣诞节是一个给予的季节。A. giving给予； B. enjoying享受； C. receiving接受；D. saving节省，故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：我们学校的一些贫困学生可能不会有一个快乐的假期。A. true真实的；B. happy快乐的；C. usual通常的；D. long长的，故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：通过给一点钱，你能帮贫困学生买一些玩具、食物和衣服。A. find找到；B. make制作；C. buy买；D. collect收集，故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我们明天将开始收集活动。A. prepare准备；B. finish完成；C. start开始；D. continue继续， 故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。根据下文可知，所有的孩子，除了富兰克林以外，都忘记了这件事情。所以这里应该是表示转折。A. so所以；B. however然而；C. then然后；D. moreover此外，故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：然而，第二天早上，我发现几乎所有人都忘记了这件事，除了富兰克林。A. discussed讨论；B. forgotten忘记；C. learnt学习； D. remembered记得，故选B。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。根据全文内容，富兰克林是一个内向的孩子，不怎么和人交流，在别的同学都忘记了捐款的事情的时候，只有他一个人记住了，当他把钱放进小箱子里面的时候，用小心地形容比较合适。A. Quickly迅速地；B. Suddenly突然地；C. Certainly当然；D. Carefully小心地，故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。根据全文内容，富兰克林是一个内向的孩子，不怎么和人交流，所以他说话声音应该比较低。A. soft温柔的；B. loud大声的；C. low低的； D. deep深的，故选C。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：放学后，我忍不住和校长分享了早上发生的事情。A. appeared出现；B. happened发生；C. arrived到达；D. remained留下，故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。根据上文，在所有孩子都忘记捐钱的时候，只有富兰克林一个人记住并且捐钱了，所以这里，作者相信、认为富兰克林做好了成为班级一员的准备。A. hope希望；B. wish祝愿；C. wonder想知道；D. believe相信，故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。校长听到那样的事，当然是高兴（"惊讶"不合适，不符合西方人说话礼仪）。A. glad高兴的；B. sorry抱歉的；C. shocked震惊的；D. lucky幸运的，故选A。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：我刚刚收到一份我们学校最需要帮助的贫困家庭名单。A. message消息；B. report报告； C. research研究； D. help帮助，故选D。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。根据前文，拿到了校长的名单，于是坐下来看（读）名单。A. rest休息；B. read阅读；C. work工作；D. study学习，故选B。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。根据a cold face with a warm heart．可知这里意思是我感到我真的第一次认识了Willard。A. liked喜欢；B. knew认识；C. met遇见；D. accepted接受，故选B。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：从这次经历，我也认识到了，无论贫穷还是富有，每个孩子都有一颗善良的心。A. result结果；B. success成功；C. talk谈话； D. experience经历，故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空是高考英语中最难的一个题，正确解答完形填空题是考试成功至关重要的保障。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。完形填空的解题方法很多，而词汇复现法就是最常见的方法之一。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。本题中的5小题中的poor；6小题中的giving等都采用了同义词或原词复现的方法。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。‎ 第一节 首字母填空 ‎41. Einstein was a great scientific g_____， who published more than 300 scientific papers and 150 works of non﹣science through his whole life and had the theory of relativity considered as his most important contribution．‎ ‎42. This musical will be performed first in Beijing， and will then t_____the rest of the cities in China．‎ ‎43. In this play only the names belong to the old age but the characters are modern and c_____．‎ ‎44. They held a d_____party where guests enjoyed themselves singing and dancing happily that night．‎ ‎45. The CEO of the company said he would a_____ effective methods to ensure food safety．‎ ‎46. On top of the mountain， the view is beautiful beyond e_____! In the light of a calm and golden sunset the village becomes so lovely．‎ ‎47. Although as a student ，Tim is only an a_____basketball player at college， he is a first﹣class player in International Basketball League．‎ ‎48. There is not enough e_____ to prove that the disappearance of bees is related to mobile phone use． Scientists still work on it．‎ ‎49. Microsoft f_____by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4， 1975 is a global technology operation．‎ ‎50. The movie Mr Bean is a very successful c_____on YouTube， which brings great fun to people's boring life．‎ ‎【答案】41. genius ‎ ‎42. tour 43. contemporary ‎ ‎44. delightful ‎ ‎45. adopt 46. expression ‎ ‎47. amateur ‎ ‎48. evidence ‎ ‎49. founded ‎ ‎50. comedy ‎【解析】‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 句意：爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学天才，他一生发表了300多篇科学论文和150多部非科学著作，相对论被认为是他最重要的贡献。根据前面的 a great scientific并结合首字母g可知，此处应用名词单数形式，意为"天才"英语是genius，故填genius。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 句意：这部音乐剧将首先在北京演出，然后在中国其他城市巡回演出。结合前面的助动词will可知，此处是动词意为"巡回演出"，结合所给的首字母t可知"巡回演出"的英语是tour，故填tour。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 句意：在这部戏中，只有名字属于古代的，但角色是现代的和当代的。结合and前的形容词modern可知，此处是形容词意为"当代的"，结合所给的首字母c可知"当代的"的英语是contemporary，故填contemporary。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 句意：他们举行了一个愉快的晚会，客人们在晚会上尽情地唱歌跳舞。可知此处要填形容词做定语 ，修饰名词party，delightful是形容词"高兴的，愉快的"，故填delightful。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 句意：该公司的首席执行官说，他将采取有效的方法来确保食品安全。可知此处要填动词做谓语，adopt是动词"采纳，采取"，情态动词后边用动词原形，故填adopt。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 句意：在山顶上，景色美不胜收！在平静的金色落日的照耀下，这个村庄变得如此可爱。beyond expression是固定短语，无法形容； 难以言喻，故填expression。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 句意：虽然蒂姆作为一名学生，在大学里是一名业余篮球运动员，但在国际篮球联赛中是一名一流的球员。amateur是形容词"业余的，非职业的"在句中作定语，修饰名词basketball player，故填amateur。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 句意：没有足够的证据证明蜜蜂的消失与手机的使用有关，科学家们仍在研究它。evidencee是名词"证据"，在句中作主语，故填evidence。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 句意：微软由比尔•盖茨和保罗•艾伦于1975年4月4日创立，是一家全球性的技术公司．分析句子可知此处要填定语，found与微软之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语，故填founded。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 句意：电影《憨豆先生》是YouTube上一部非常成功的喜剧，它给人们无聊的生活带来了极大的乐趣。此处要填名词作表语，comedy是可数名词"喜剧"，因为被a 限定，所以用单数形式，故填comedy。‎ 第二节 ‎ 短语选变填空．‎ ‎51. The Wandering Earth_____my mind from the thrilling story line to the beautiful sets．‎ ‎52. It's time for class． Students need to_____what the teacher mentions in class for further revision．‎ ‎53. If you_____exercising in the gym alone， you can choose to join a group fitness class that brings you great fun．‎ ‎54. This medicine is taken one pill_____． Taking more than one may cause serious side﹣effects．‎ ‎55. It is said that the sports meeting_____ until next week because of the rainy weather．‎ ‎56. In court， he answered all the complicated questions_____by the lawyer．‎ ‎57. _____his new novel， the novelist refused all his friends' invitation for parties．‎ ‎58. When I was at college， I often went out to play basketball with my friends at weekends ， but_____I went to the library to do some reading．‎ ‎59. Don't_____by products advertised on TV ，with the help of which people can lose ‎ weight in a week．‎ ‎60. She spent the whole day working in her room_____ the plan for the coming ceremony．‎ ‎【答案】51. was impressed on ‎ ‎52. take down ‎ ‎53. are tired of ‎ ‎54. at a time ‎ ‎55. will be put off ‎ ‎56. put forward ‎ ‎57. Working on ‎ ‎58. every now and then ‎ ‎59. be taken in ‎ ‎60. to work out ‎【解析】‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 句意：从惊心动魄的故事情节到美丽的布景，《流浪地球》给我留下了深刻的印象。可知和主语The Wandering Earth 一致，表示过去的动作，所以填was impressed on。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 句意：上课时间到了，学生们需要把老师在课堂上提到的内容记下来，以便进一步复习。可知在 need to 后，用动词原形，所以填take down。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 句意：如果你厌倦了独自在健身房锻炼，你可以选择参加一个能给你带来乐趣的团体健身班。可知和主语的一般现在时态一致，表示现在的动作，和主语 you 一致，表示"厌倦了"，所以填are tired of。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 句意：本药一次服用一粒，过量服用可能会产生严重的副作用。可知表示"一次"，用固定短语at a time，所以填at a time。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 句意：据说由于下雨，运动会将推迟到下周举行。可知和时间状语until next week 一致，表示"将推迟"，谓语动词用一般将来时态的被动语态，所以填will be put off。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 句意：在法庭上，他回答了律师提出的所有复杂问题。可知作 the complicated questions 的定语，表示"被提出"，用过去分词短语put forward，所以填put forward。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 句意：小说家在写他的新小说时，拒绝了所有朋友的聚会邀请。可知作时间状语，和主语 the novelist 是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填Working on。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 句意：我上大学的时候，经常周末和朋友出去打篮球，偶尔去图书馆看书。可知表示"偶尔"，用固定短语every now and then，所以填every now and then。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 句意：不要被在电视上登广告，说让人们在一周内减肥的产品所欺骗。在助动词Don't 后，表示"被欺骗"，所以填be taken in。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 句意：她花了一整天的时间在自己的房间里，为即将到来的仪式制定计划。可知作目的状语，用动词不定式，所以填to work out。‎ 第三节 单句语法填空 ‎61. It is no use_____（argue） with our parents because they seldom change their minds no matter what we say．‎ ‎62. ﹣Did you go somewhere on winter vocation？‎ ‎﹣I_____（hope） to go to Tibet， but I didn't sign up for the tour in time．‎ ‎63. Personal computers are of_____（universe） interest because of their convenience．‎ ‎64. _____（give） a wrong password， I couldn't log on to the system．‎ ‎65. Dear Sam，_____（congratulate） to you on your winning the prize．‎ ‎66. Britain as well as many other industrial countries，_____（experience）major changes over the last 100years．‎ ‎67. He preferred the way_____his mother once repaired the car to fix his motorbike．‎ ‎68. _____is it that he wants to look for？ He has been searching the storeroom for nearly three hours．‎ ‎69. On the road to success， he failed_____his first attempt but he didn't give ‎ up，which led to his success．‎ ‎70. Hardly had he reached his house_____he realized that he left the key in the office．‎ ‎【答案】61. arguing ‎ ‎62. had hoped ‎ ‎63. universal ‎ ‎64. Having been given /Given ‎ ‎65. congratulations ‎ ‎66. has experienced/has been experiencing ‎ ‎67. that 68. What ‎ ‎69. at 70. when ‎【解析】‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 句意：跟我们的父母争吵是没用的，因为无论我们说什么，他们很少会改变想法。固定句式It is no use doing sth．表示"做某事是没用的"，所以填arguing。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 句意：——你寒假去哪里了？——我本希望去西藏，但是我没有及时报旅游团。主语+had +动词过去分词可以表示虚拟语气，表示"本来希望…，而事实不如此"，所以填had hoped。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 句意：个人电脑因为它们的便利性得到了全世界的兴趣。 be of 后接抽象名词interest，表示句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义，故应用形容词universal修饰名词interest，所以填universal。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 句意：由于给了我错误的密码，我没能登录系统。动词作状语应用分词形式，又根据主语I和动词give 之间是被动关系，所以要用动词give 的过去分词形式；用完成时可以表示该动作引起的后果，所以也可以写成Having been given，所以填Having been given /Given。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 句意：亲爱的萨姆，恭喜你赢得了这个奖项。固定句式congratulations to sb．表示"恭喜某人"，所以要用动词congratulate的名词复数形式congratulations，所以填congratulations。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 句意：跟很多的工业化国家一样，在过去的一百年中，英国已经经历了巨大的改变。根据时间状语over the last 100years判断该句为现在完成时或现在完成进行时，结合句意，所以填has experienced/has been experiencing。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 句意：他更喜欢用他妈妈以前修车的方式来修理他的摩托车。主句名词the way由后面的限制性定语从句来修饰，引导词要用that，所以填that。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 句意：他想要寻找的是什么?他一直搜索储藏室，近三个小时了。代词what意思"什么"，指内容，物体，作动词look for"寻找"的宾语．根据句意，所以填What。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 句意：在通往成功的路上，他第一次尝试失败了，但他没有放弃，这样最终令他成功了。固定短语：at one's first attempt意为"某人的第一次尝试"，所以填at。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 句意：他刚一到家，就意识到他把钥匙落在办公室了。hardly…when…是固定句型，翻译成"一…就…"，主句要用过去完成时，从句要用一般过去时。hardly放句首，主句要用倒装句，所以填when。‎ 第四节 语篇语法填空 Yu Rong， a Chinese artist， thinks of a new way to introduce ___71___ ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book． In the book， I Am Hua Mulan， she tells the story by___72___（combine） paper﹣cutting with international artistic styles． She places Shaanxi paper﹣cuts over western﹣style pencil sketches（素描）___73___（create） a typical presentation of Chinese elements （元素），which turns out to be a ___74___（success） and impressive breakthrough．‎ Hua Mulan，___75___ story has been told by generations in China， is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty（386﹣534）． As a devoted daughter， she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army___76___place of her father． Mulan's characteristics， such as courage， kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune， made___77___ （she） one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines． Mulan's story has been adapted___78___（ frequent） in modern media， including TV shows， ‎ video games and literature． For example， in 1998， Disney produced a film named Mulan， which ___79___（consider） a great success by critics and the public．‎ To better tell the story， Yu Rong takes inspiration from her several ___80___（visit） to sites of ancient battles and Henan province's Yuju Opera． After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary work．‎ ‎【答案】71. the ‎ ‎72. combining ‎ ‎73. to create ‎ ‎74. successful ‎ ‎75. whose 76. in ‎ ‎77. her 78. frequently ‎ ‎79. was considered ‎ ‎80. visits ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文介绍了中国艺术家绘者郁蓉创作的中国元素图画书《我是花木兰》。‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ 考查冠词。花木兰的古老故事，表示特指用定冠词，故填the.‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。介词by后用动名词形式，故填combining.‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式。表示目的用动词不定式结构，故填to create.‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查形容词。and连接并列结构，后面是形容词“印象深刻的”，与之并列故填successful.‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查定语从句关系词。句中包含定语从句，花木兰是先行词，在定语从句中做story的定语，故填whose.‎ ‎【76题详解】‎ 考查介词短语。in place of是固定短语，表示替代，故填in.‎ ‎【77题详解】‎ 考查代词。动词made后作宾语用宾格，故填her.‎ ‎【78题详解】‎ 考查副词。修饰动词用副词，指经常被改编，故填frequently.‎ ‎【79题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。电影和认为是被动关系，which后面少谓语动词，根据所给动词produced可知用一般过去时，故填was considered.‎ ‎【80题详解】‎ 考查名词。several修饰名词复数，故填visits.‎ ‎【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中第5小题定语从句中先行词为名词Hua Mulan，再分析先行词在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词Hua Mulan带到从句中可知，在定语从句中做story的定语，指花木兰的故事，故用关系代词whose引导。‎ 第五节 单句改错（共10小题； 每题1分， 满分10分）‎ 下列句中各有一个错，请把错处改正．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 （ 81 ），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉．修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．‎ ‎81. The meat will go badly if you leave it in the sun．‎ ‎82. On either side of the road were green fields and some farm house．‎ ‎83. All he wants to do is go to abroad after he graduates from university．‎ ‎84. He was about to go to bed while there was a knock on the door．‎ ‎85. Do some fitness training or you will become stronger and healthier．‎ ‎86. My opinion is similar in his when we are discussing how to get good grades．‎ ‎87. The books on the desk， of which covers are shiny， are gifts for us from our teacher．‎ ‎88. It is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress．‎ ‎89. Under the environment of fierce competition， the only way Jim could imagine deal with stress was to get tougher by making great efforts．‎ ‎90. Soon after I placed the order on the Internet， I received the dress as expected ‎ without get out of my room．‎ ‎【答案】81. badly→bad ‎ ‎82. house→houses ‎ ‎83. 去掉abroad前的to ‎ ‎84. while改为when ‎ ‎85. or→and 86. in→to ‎ ‎87. which 后+the ‎ ‎88. It改为As 89. imagine后+to ‎ ‎90. get→getting ‎【解析】‎ ‎【81题详解】‎ 句意：如果你把肉放在阳光下会变质的。go是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，bad是形容词"坏的"，所以badly改成bad。‎ ‎【82题详解】‎ 句意：路的两边是绿地和一些农舍。house是可数名词，被some修饰，用复数形式，所以house改成houses。‎ ‎【83题详解】‎ 句意：他只想在大学毕业后出国。abroad是副词，表示“去国外”，应该是go abroad，中间不用介词，所以去掉to。‎ ‎【84题详解】‎ was/were about to do sth．… when意为"正要做某事，这时突然……"，是固定句型，所以while改为when。‎ ‎【85题详解】‎ 句意：做一些健身训练，你会变得更强壮更健康。 祈使句+and + 陈述句，该句型表示如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果． 祈使句+ or + 陈述句，该句型表示如果不做到祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果。本句是表示自然的结果，所以or改成and。‎ ‎【86题详解】‎ 句意：当我们讨论如何取得好成绩时，我的看法和他相似。be similar to 是固定短语"相似于"，所以in改成to。‎ ‎【87题详解】‎ 句意：书桌上的书封面很亮，是老师送给我们的礼物。the covers of which是定语从句中关系代词和介词的一种搭配，所以which 后加the。‎ ‎【88题详解】‎ 前后两个单句缺少连词，将it改为as，as引导定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子，所以It改为As。‎ ‎【89题详解】‎ 句意：在激烈竞争的环境下，吉姆唯一能想到的应对压力的方法就是通过努力变得更强硬。the way to do是固定结构，Jim could imagine 是插入语，所以imagine后加to。‎ ‎【90题详解】‎ 句意：我在网上下了订单后不久，没有走出我的房间，就按预期收到了这件衣服。介词without后跟动名词作宾语，所以get改成getting。‎ 第六节 句子翻译 ‎91. 这些花每隔一周需要浇一次水．‎ ‎92. Tom需要学习德语，因为他即将去德国工作． （原因状语从句）‎ ‎93. 当我到达电影院时，电影已经开演约半个小时了．（by the time）‎ ‎94. 直到他走进教室我才认出他来．（强调句）‎ ‎95. 自行车被偷，她只好坐公交车回家．（with复合结构）‎ ‎96. 窗边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志．（完全倒装句）‎ ‎97. 众所周知，当冬天到来时，白天变得越来越短．（it形式主语从句）‎ ‎98. 他伤心又疲惫，睡了一整天．（形容词做状语）‎ ‎99. 我无法忍受人们吃饭时抽烟．‎ ‎100. 这是她第一次去Hong Kong旅游．（the first time）‎ ‎【答案】91. These flowers need watering every two weeks/every second week/every other week． ‎ ‎92. Tom needs to learn German since/as/because he is going to work in Germany． ‎ ‎93. ：By the time I arrived at the cinema， the film had been on for about half an hour． ‎ ‎94. It was not until he went into the classroom that I recognized him． ‎ ‎95. With the bike stolen， she had to walk home/go home by bus． ‎ ‎96. Beside/By the window sat/sits a young man with a magazine in his hand． ‎ ‎97. It is known to all that when winter is approaching ，the daytime becomes shorter and shorter． ‎ ‎98. Sad and tired， he slept all day． ‎ ‎99. I can't stand people smoking while they are having meals/dinner． ‎ ‎100. This is the first time that she has travelled in Hong Kong．‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【91题详解】‎ ‎1． 因表示一般事实，要用一般现在时；2． need后接动词时用need doing/need to be done结构；3． every two weeks/every second week/every other week意为"每隔一周"。‎ ‎【92题详解】‎ ‎1． 主句指现在的情况，要用一般现在时态，从句指的将来的情况，要用一般将来时表示；2． since/as/because引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎【93题详解】‎ ‎1． by the time意为"到…为止"，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；2． be on意为"上映； 上演"。‎ ‎【94题详解】‎ ‎1． 因事情已发生，主从句都用一般过去时态；2． 英语强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分；3． not until意为"直到"。‎ ‎【95题详解】‎ ‎1． 因事情已发生，要用一般过去时态；2． 在"with+名词+过去分词"结构中，bike与steal之间是动宾关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。2． by bus意为"坐公交车"。‎ ‎【96题详解】‎ ‎1． 因缺少时间状语，谓语动词可用一般过去时或一般现在时；2． 介词短语Beside/By the window置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装；3． with a magazine in his hand属于"with +名词+介词短语"复合结构。‎ ‎【97题详解】‎ ‎1．表示一般事实，主句从句都用一般现在时；2． It is known to ‎ all意为"众所周知"，it是形式主语，真正的主语是when引导的状语从句when winter is approaching ，the daytime becomes shorter and shorter；3． shorter and shorter意为"越来越短"。‎ ‎【98题详解】‎ 根据所给的汉语意思和提示可知，"伤心又疲惫"应用形容词做状语，英语是sad and tired，根据句意"睡了一整天"可知是一般过去时英语是 he slept all day．故填Sad and tired， he slept all day。‎ ‎【99题详解】‎ 根据所给的汉语意思可知，主句考查"无法忍受某人做某事"can't stand sb doing sth．结构，从句是由while引导的时间状语从句，根据句意应用现在进行时，"吃饭"的英语是have meals/dinner，故填I can't stand people smoking while they are having meals/dinner。‎ ‎【100题详解】‎ 根据所给的汉语意思和英语提示the first time可知，此处考查句型：This is the first time that sb． has/have done sth．意为"这是某人第一次做某事"，她（she）是第三人称单数所以应用has，故填This is the first time that she has travelled in Hong Kong。‎ ‎ ‎