2021届河北省衡水中学高三第一次联合考试（全国卷）英语试题（教师版含解析）

2021届河北省衡水中学高三第一次联合考试（全国卷）英语试题（教师版含解析）

河北衡水中学 2021 届全国高三第一次联合考试(全国卷) 英语 本试卷 8 页。总分 150 分。考试时间 120 分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在 本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是 C. 1. What is the woman doing? A. Reading a paper. B. Writing a story. C. Watching night news. 2. How will the speakers go to the new shopping mall? A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Travel experience. B. The holiday plan. C. European countries. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Professor and student. C. Interviewer and applicant. 5. How much is the typical rent for a two-bedroom flat in Dalton? A. ￡850. B. ￡900. C. ￡950. 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At the office. B. At home. C. In the gym. 7. What will Robbie do today? A. Work on his computer. B. Go to the baseball game. C. Hang out with his friends. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. What does the man show the woman? A. A newspaper. B. A brochure. C. A book. 9. Why does the man like the group “Guitarrini”? A. They spoil the audience. B. They play Spanish music. C. They play instruments very well. 10. Where does the woman prefer to sit? A. At the front. B. In the middle. C. At the back. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. Why does Julie talk to Sam? A. To ask for advice. B. To have dinner together. C. To talk about a new book. 12. Why is Julie’s grandfather unhappy? A. He is retired. B. He is having a big deal. C. He is living with the family. 13. Who will call Mr Marchetta? A. Grandfather. B. Sam. C. Julie. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。 14. Who is the man? A. A computer expert. B. A food supplier. C. A restaurant waiter. 15. Why does the man feel upset? A. His uncle is getting old. B. His father doesn’t help him. C. He can’t run the business well. 16. What will the woman probably do for the man? A. Develop a management system. B. Build a computer network. C. Recommend him a job. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. How long does the course last? A. A single day. B. One week. C. Two weeks. 18. What does the speaker say about the course? A. It is designed for both parents and children. B. It has been held twice this year. C. It offers various activities. 19. Who can attend this year’s course? A. Children aged 5-7. B. Children aged 8-10. C. Children aged 6-8. 20. What should a child do in advance to apply for the course? A. Fill out an application form. B. Choose their activities. C. Pay all the fees. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Auctions (拍卖) for fine art and decorative arts are everywhere, in New York and across the country. Here are just a few standouts and some of the areas they specialize in. All have brick-and-mortar sales rooms in addition to online buying. DOYLE NEW YORK Founded: 1962 Best bets: paintings, jewelry, single-owner collections Doyle is particularly proud of bringing in excellent estates that include many kinds of works. The house will offer items from the estates of Lili and Norman Israel, including a pair of Chinese porcelain Fu Lions on ormolu bases (estimated at $7,000 to $10,000). SWANN AUCTION GALLERIES Headquarters: New York, NY Founded: 1941 Best bets: books, works on paper, African-American art Swann was the first auction house to sell old and precious photographs in 1952. The house has also had a department of African-American art for 12 years, setting records like the $965,000 paid in 2015 for a painting by the Abstract Expressionist Norman Lewis. STAIR GALLERIES Headquarters: Hudson, NY Founded: 2001 Best bets: English and Continental furniture and paintings Stair on Hudson’s main drag, is frequented by dealers and bargain hunters, and it’s a place to find interesting decorative arts like a George I carved walnut wing armchair estimated at $1,200 to $1.800. Stair will sell a large private collection that includes Fulvio Bianconi’s “Con Macchie Vase” with an estimate of $90,000 to $120,000. HERITAGE AUCTIONS Headquarters: Dallas, TX Founded: 1983 Best bets: coins, sports memorabilia, comics, movie posters Heritage earned $438 million last year in online sales alone, and the firm now conducts live auctions across the globe and many categories. But their bread and butter are items that the company president, Greg Rohan, calls “the kinds of things that everyone has”, like comic books, baseball cards and classic film posters. 1. Which auction house is a good place for furniture collectors? A. Stair Galleries. B. Swann Auction Galleries. C. Doyle New York. D. Heritage Auctions. 2. What is the feature of Heritage Auctions? A. It only conducts online sales. B. It sells items from ordinary life. C. It has valuable items from the world. D. It provides many kinds of bread and butter. 3. Which of the following items has the highest price? A. Chinese porcelain Fu Lions. B. A George I carved walnut wing armchair. C. Fulvio Bianconi’s “Con Macchie Vase”. D. An Abstract Expressionist painting by Norman Lewis. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国一些拍卖会的具体信息。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中 STAIR GALLERIES 部分的“Best bets: English and Continental furniture and paintings” 可知家具是 Stair Galleries 的主打商品。对于家具收藏家来说，Stair Galleries 是最好的去处。故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中 HERITAGE AUCTIONS 部分的“But their bread and butter are items that the company president, Greg Rohan, calls ‘the kinds of things that everyone has’…”可知，Heritage Auctions 的主要收入来源是 公司总裁 Greg Rohan 所说的“人人都有的东西”，即普通生活的东西，这是它的特色。故选 B。 【3 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 中 的 DOYLE NEW YORK 中 “Fu Lions on ormolu bases (estimated at $7,000 to $10,000)”，SWANN AUCTION GALLERIES 中 “setting records like the $965,000 paid in 2015 for a painting by the Abstract Expressionist Norman Lewis”，STAIR GALLERIES 中“a George I carved walnut wing armchair, estimated at $1,200 to $1,800”以及 STAIR GALLERIES 中的“Fulvio Bianconi’s ‘Con Macchie Vase’ with an estimate of $ 90,000 to $120,000”可知，通过对比，An Abstract Expressionist painting by Norman Lewis 的一幅抽象表现主义的绘画作品价格最高，96 万 5 千美金。故选 D。 【点睛】 B The nine woman of Bella Mondo win over yet another audience. The group is one of just a handful of all-women ensembles (乐队) in Ivory Coast. It all started in 2007. Prisca Allou was a music student. A music producer came to see her. He said he wanted to make an all-female ensemble to keep a promise to his late mother. Allou got on board and was charged with recruiting (招募) other members. “It wasn’t easy at first. Some parents were against it. You know, in Africa, the place of women is often seen as being either in an office or at home. That was the fixed image.” Allou spread the word and took out ads in local papers. Most of the girls she found were not professional players. “I just played some tamtam. I learned to play drums when I joined Bella Mondo.” The girls spent the next four years learning to play their instruments. Many gave up along the way, but eight of them soldiered on with Allou, and Bella Mondo was founded. The band plays original songs and covers. Their music spans a wide range of styles: funk, reggae, pop music. They released their first album in 2013... and have performed in Paris, Dakar, Cotonou and, of course, here at home in Abidjan. You can see them nearly every Thursday at this bar, the same place that gave the band its start years ago. “Oh yes, I was surprised at first. A woman singing, you see that every day, but an entire band, playing all the instruments and everything? It was extraordinary. I was dumbstruck. Bella Mondo is a great band.” The women are now working on their second album. 4. Why did the music producer want to form a female ensemble? A. To sponsor music students. B. To comfort his mother. C. To carry out his promise. D. To win over an audience. 5. Which of the following made it hard for Allou to recruit band members? A. The band charged too much. B. A number of parents didn’t support it. C. Most women prefer to work in a government office. D. African women are not allowed to leave their homes. 6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. What Allou experienced. B. How Bella Mondo was born. C. Why most girls gave up halfway. D. How the girls learned to play instruments. 7. What does the underlined word “dumbstruck” probably mean in paragraph 5? A. Astonished. B. Amused. C. Determined. D. Satisfied. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了科特迪瓦女子乐队突破社会传统取得成功的故事，此外简单介绍了该乐队成立 的过程。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“He said he wanted to make an all-female ensemble to keep a promise to his late mother.”可知，他说他想成立女子乐队来信守对已故母亲的承诺，可以判断出这名音乐制作人为了履行对已 故母亲的承诺而成立了这个女子乐队。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段“ “It wasn’t easy at first. Some parents were against it. You know, in Africa, the place of women is often seen as being either in an office or at home. ”可知，起初招聘不容易，在非洲女孩子的固定形 象就是坐办公室或待在家里，因此一些家长反对成立女子乐队，这是造成 Allou 组建乐队困难的原因之一。 故选 B。 【6 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读第三段“Allou got on board and was charged with recruiting (招募) other members. “...and Bella Mondo was founded.”可知，本段讲述了负责招聘的 Allou 说到在非洲女孩子的固定形象就是坐办公室 或待在家里，他们通过在报纸上登广告招聘成员，以及最后乐队成立了。可知，本段主要讲述了 Bella Mondo 乐队的诞生过程。故选 B。 【7 题详解】 词义猜测题。 根据倒数第二段““Oh yes, I was surprised at first. A woman singing, you see that every day, but an entire band, playing all the instruments and everything? It was extraordinary....Bella Mondo is a great band"” 可知，我起初很惊讶，你每天能看到一个女人在唱歌，但是整个乐队演奏所有乐器和一切？真是太棒 了......Bella Mondo 是一个了不起的乐队。可知，出乎意料的是该女子乐队的演出取得了空前的成功，所以 说话者感到很震惊。 A . Astonished.惊讶的； B. Amused 搞笑的 ；C. Determined 有决心的；D. Satisfied. 满意的。故选 A。 【点睛】 C Most parents are horrified the first time they catch their kid out in a lie. Just how worried should you be if your little one has started lying, and how can you encourage them to tell the truth? According to child and teen psychiatrist Gayani DeSilva, MD, lying can actually be a sign of healthy development in young children. “Kids lie for many reasons, and much of it is normal.” DeSilva says. “People are not born with the tools of interacting with others and getting their needs met. They must learn how to communicate those needs in appropriate ways, and they’ll experiment with different communication techniques until they find the ones that work best for them. Lying is one of those techniques.” For instance, at age two or three, kids may lie as they experiment with pushing limits to see what behaviors are acceptable and what aren’t. As kids get older, they become more aware of how their actions affect others. Many lie less frequently because they know it could hurt someone else’s feelings or trust. Teens were most likely to consider lying an acceptable behavior if it was to help somebody or keep a personal secret, but not if it was likely to cause harm to somebody. Just because lying is, in most cases, normal, doesn’t mean it should be ignored. If you know your child is lying, what should you do? When a child lies, look at them directly and ask, “What do you need?” After they tell you, gently remind them that telling you directly will be more effective than lying. Also, it’s a good idea to model the behavior you want to see in your kids. In other words, don’t lie to your children. This will set you and your children on a course of open communication, trust, and satisfaction that needs and wants are understood and met. Generally, a child who is neglected will lie more than a child who has attentive and responsive parents. By paying attention to the reasons behind a small lie, parents can figure out if there’s a need that’s not being met. 8. Why do kids lie according to DeSilva? A. To get their needs met. B. To improve their communication skills. C. To avoid hurting someone else’s feelings. D. To be aware of how their actions affect others. 9. Why do kids lie less frequently as they grow older? A. They think lying limits their behaviors. B. They realize the negative effects of lying. C. They consider lying an acceptable behavior. D. They want to help people who are neglected. 10. What are parents advised to do concerning their kids lying? A. Give them whatever they need. B. Pretend not to notice their lies. C. Set a good example to them. D. Remind them not to lie again. 11. What does the author think of kids lying? A. Acceptable and appropriate. B. Harmful and worrying. C. Normal and understandable. D. Healthy and effective. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了小孩撒谎的原因以及面对孩子的撒谎行为，家长应该如何应对。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“People are not born with the tools of interacting with others and getting their needs met. They must learn how to communicate those needs in appropriate ways, and they’ll experiment with different communication techniques until they find the ones that work best for them. Lying is one of those techniques.(人们 并不是天生就具备与他人互动、满足需求的工具。他们必须学会如何用合适的方式来沟通这些需求，他们 会尝试不同的沟通技巧，直到找到最适合自己的方法。说谎就是其中一种技巧)”以及最后一段中“By paying attention to the reasons behind a small lie, parents can figure out if there’s a need that’s not being met.(通过 关注一个小谎言背后的原因，父母可以发现是否有需求没有得到满足)”由此可知，小孩撒谎主要是为了满 足自己的需要。故选 A。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As kids get older, they become more aware of how their actions affect others. Many lie less frequently because they know it could hurt someone else’s feelings or trust. (随着孩子年龄的增长，他们越 来越意识到自己的行为对他人的影响。很多人不常说谎，因为他们知道这会伤害别人的感情或信任)”可知， 随着年龄的增长，青少年意识到了撒谎的负面影响。故选 B。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Also, it’s a good idea to model the behavior you want to see in your kids. In other words, don’t lie to your children. This will set you and your children on a course of open communication, trust, and satisfaction that needs and wants are understood and met.(此外，在自己身上树立你希望在孩子身上看到的行为 模式也是一个好主意。换句话说，不要对孩子撒谎。这将使你和你的孩子走上坦诚沟通、信任和满足需求 和愿望的道路)”可知，家长对小孩撒谎行为的应对措施是以身作则，从自身不撒谎做起。故选 C。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“According to child and teen psychiatrist Gayani DeSilva, MD, lying can actually be a sign of healthy development in young children.(根据儿童和青少年精神病学家 Gayani DeSilva 医学博士的说法， 撒谎实际上可能是幼儿健康发展的一个标志)”和第三段“Kids lie for many reasons, and much of it is normal(孩子撒谎的原因有很多，其中很多是正常的)”并综合全文可知，作者认为小孩撒谎的行为是成长过 程中正常的一步，是可以被理解的行为。故选 C。 D Indonesia’s air force has seeded clouds with salt in an effort to stop rain from falling on the flooded capital, Jakarta. The seeding operation follows deadly flash floods and landslides that hit the capital after some of the heaviest rain ever recorded. Indonesian officials said that as of Friday, at least 43 people had been killed in the disaster. Tens of thousands of people have been displaced. Cloud seeding is a process that involves shooting salt into clouds in an attempt to create artificial rain. It is often used in Indonesia to help put out forest fires. The current operation aims to get the clouds to drop water and break up before they reach Jakarta. Indonesia’s air force teamed up with the country’s technology agency to carry out three rounds of cloud seeding on Friday. Officials said more cloud seeding would take place as needed. The latest flooding followed heavy rainfall on December 31 and into the early hours of New Year’s Day. The water covered large areas of Jakarta and nearby towns. The start of 2020 weather was one of the most extreme rainfall events since record keeping began in 1866, Indonesia’s weather agency said on Friday. The officials said climate change had increased the risk of extreme weather. They warned that heavy rainfall could reach a high point in mid-January and should be expected to last until mid-February. News videos showed floodwaters spreading across Jakarta. Images showed groups of people walking through water and mud-covered cars, some of them sitting on top of each other. President Joko Widodo blamed delays in flood control projects for the disaster. Among the projects is the building of a canal that has been delayed since 2017 because of property right issues. Jakarta has been slowly sinking. A main cause is the amount of ground water being drawn out from under the city. Rising sea levels have made the threat of flooding even worse. Last year, Widodo announced he would move Indonesia’s capital to East Kalimantan province on Borneo island to reduce the burden on overpopulated Jakarta. 12. What did the extremely heavy rainfall result in? A. The seeding operation failed. B. Forty-three people were missing. C. An airplane carrying salt crashed. D. A great many people lost their homes. 13. Why was the cloud seeding operated on Friday? A. To put out forest fires. B. To reduce natural rain. C. To test the country’s technology. D. To stop rain from flooding the capital. 14. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in paragraph 5? A. Videos. B. People. C. Cars. D. Projects. 15. What can be learned from the passage? A. Jakarta is facing great challenges. B. The artificial rain resulted in floods. C. The flood control projects worked well. D. The continuous rain would become weak. 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度尼西亚企图用人工降雨来缓解首都雅加达洪水泛滥，介绍了此处洪水 造成的破坏以及未来的天气变化情况。最后说明了雅加达面临的其他一些挑战。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Tens of thousands of people have been displaced.(成千上万人流离失所)” 可知，成千上万的人因为洪水失去了家园。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Indonesia’s air force has seeded clouds with salt in an effort to stop rain from falling on the flooded capital, Jakarta.(印度尼西亚空军向云层中撒盐，试图阻止暴雨降落在被洪水淹没的首都雅加 达)”以及第二段最后一句“The current operation aims to get the clouds to drop water and break up before they reach Jakarta.(目前的行动旨在让云层在到达首都雅加达降水之前就分解)”可推断，人工降雨是为了阻止雨 水再次降到首都，以缓解涝灾。故选 D 。 【14 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文“Images showed groups of people walking through water and mud-covered cars”以及后 文“sitting on top of each other”可知图片显示，一群人走过积水和满是淤泥的汽车，其中一些车摞叠在一起， 故 them 是指代上文中的 cars，指被淤泥覆盖的车辆互相摞叠在一起。故选 C。 【15 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Jakarta has been slowly sinking. A main cause is the amount of ground water being drawn out from under the city. Rising sea levels have made the threat of flooding even worse. Last year, Widodo announced he would move Indonesia’s capital to East Kalimantan province on Borneo island to reduce the burden on overpopulated Jakarta.(雅加达正在慢慢下沉。一个主要原因是从城市地下抽取的地下水量过多。不断上升 的海平面使洪水的威胁更加严重。去年，Widodo 宣布，他将把印尼首都迁往婆罗洲岛的东加里曼丹省，以 减轻人口过剩的雅加达的负担)”由此可知，雅加达面临各种巨大的挑战。故选 A。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Smile and the world smiles with you. ____16____, then it might be because you’re elderly. Research has found that older people are less able to spot the friendly faces of those around them. To investigate the phenomenon, Japanese researchers took 30 people with an average age of 21, and 30 people with an average age of 72, and asked them to classify the emotions on different faces. They found that the young people were quicker at detecting both happy and angry faces. Older people’s reaction times were longer for most faces. ____17____ One explanation could be that it can be useful for young people to see a potential friend. So spotting happy faces might be particularly important in young adults. ____18____, it is natural to focus on happy faces. These indicate how one might advance one’s social career or social status. ____19____ They had less interest in making new friends, but still retained a strong interest in staying alive. The rapid detection of threatening, angry faces enhances survival by allowing a person to avoid physiological and psychological harm. It indicates that quick detection of angry faces reflects internal self-protection. The result has practical implications for caring for older patients. Quicker detection of angry faces does not mean older people do not personally welcome a friendly face. ____20____ And there will be more beneficial effects of happy facial expressions if carers are seen not only smiling at the older patients they care for, but also at others. A. But if you can’t see the world smiling B. As establishing new relationships is significant C. Because the brain does not spot happy faces quickly D. When it came to anger, however, they stayed sensitive E. We can improve the quality of carers by smiling with eye contact F. Ageing is featured by declining health and smaller social networks G. In contrast, older people are far more interested in avoiding enemies 【答案】16. A 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. E 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，文章围绕老年人不太容易认出周围人友好的面孔的现象，说明了其原因和研究意义。 【16 题详解】 根据上文“Smile and the world smiles with you.(你微笑，世界也跟着微笑)”，后文“then it might be because you’re elderly.(那可能是因为你是老人)”以及下一段中“Research has found that older people are less able to spot the friendly faces of those around them.(研究发现，年纪大的人更不容易辨认出周围人友善的面孔)”由此 可知，本句为过渡句，与上文形成转折，说明如果你看不到世界的微笑，说明你是老人，故 A 选项“但是 如果你看不到世界微笑”符合语境，故选 A。 【17 题详解】 根 据 上 文 “They found that the young people were quicker at detecting both happy and angry faces. Older people’s reaction times were longer for most faces.(他们发现，年轻人能更快地分辨出高兴和生气的表情。对于 大多数面部表情老年人的反应时间更长)”可知，上文提到了老年人对于大部分面部表情的反应是较慢的， 本句承接上文继续说明老人对于不同面部表情的反应，上文中 Older people 可对应到 D 选项中 they。故 D 选项“然而，当涉及到愤怒时，他们仍然保持敏感”符合语境，故选 D。 【18 题详解】 根据上文“So spotting happy faces might be particularly important in young adults.( 所以发现笑脸对年轻人来 说可能特别重要)”以及后文“it is natural to focus on happy faces(关注快乐的面孔是很自然的)”可知，上文 提到发现笑脸对年轻人来说非常重要，本句为承接上文说明原因。故 B 选项“因为建立新的关系很重要” 符合语境，故选 B。 【19 题详解】 根据后文“They had less interest in making new friends, but still retained a strong interest in staying alive. The rapid detection of threatening, angry faces enhances survival by allowing a person to avoid physiological and psychological harm. It indicates that quick detection of angry faces reflects internal self-protection.( 他们对结交 新朋友不太感兴趣，但仍然对活着保持着强烈的兴趣。快速发现威胁、愤怒的面孔可以让人避免生理和心 理伤害，从而提高生存能力。这表明，快速发现愤怒的面孔反映了内在的自我保护)”可知，本段介绍了老 年人能快速识别有威胁的、生气的表情，以避免他们受到伤害，同时与第三段主要介绍年轻人在交朋友的 时候更善于识别髙兴的表情，构成对比。故 G 选项“相比之下，老年人对避免敌人更感兴趣”符合语境， 故选 G。 【20 题详解】 根据后文“And there will be more beneficial effects of happy facial expressions if carers are seen not only smiling at the older patients they care for, but also at others.(如果护理人员不仅对他们所照顾的老年病人微笑，而且对 其他人微笑，那么快乐的面部表情就会产生更多有益的影响)”由此可知，本句主要是在说明微笑对护理老 年人有实际的意义。后文中 carers 可对应到 E 选项中 carers。故 E 选项“我们可以通过微笑和眼神交流来提 高护理人员的素质”符合语境，故选 E。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 When do you stick with something even if you’re not the best at it? When people find out my son Sam is a(n) ____21____ mathlete, they usually ask if my husband and I are “math people”. The answer is definitely not. Sam’s done pretty well ____22____ his parents aren’t math people. But sometimes I wish I was a math person so I could help him or at least give him better ____23____. Ninth grade was ____24____ for Sam, math-wise. He left the ____25____ of middle school math, where he was kind of a big fish, and started ____26____ with the high school kids. In the most recent competition, he didn’t do as well as he’d hoped and was ____27____ by a math camp he’d applied to. He’d set a high goal for himself and hadn’t quite ____28____ it. He ____29____ into my office one day last week, clearly discouraged. “I don’t know why I didn’t do better,” he said, ____30____ on a chair. “Maybe I should just ____31____. I’m not good enough.” I knew how he felt. The thought ____32____ us all-that we just aren’t good enough, and that all our hard work won’t ____33____ in the end and we can’t turn our ____34____ into success. I don’t have an answer for Sam. I am still ____35____. How to ____36____ difficulty, disappointment, rejection, boredom. How to commit ourselves to something because it’s beautiful and worth our while, not because we’re ____37____ we’ll succeed. “Maybe you’re not,” I said, looking at my son. To me, he is incredible and accomplished, but I know he is ____38____ by doubt just like anyone. “But I, for one, don’t think that’s been decided yet.” To devote time to something with no guarantee of its ____39____ is risky and terrifying. But, then again, ____40____ is everything. And we don’t need to be a math person to know that. 21. A. competitive B. sensitive C. generous D. anxious 22. A. unless B. because C. considering D. providing 23. A. life B. advice C. solution D. taste 24. A. interesting B. attractive C. boring D. tough 25. A. principle B. world C. test D. age 26. A. running B. travelling C. swimming D. hunting 27. A. admitted B. received C. caught D. rejected 28. A. scored B. reached C. pursued D. managed 29. A. stole B. marched C. wandered D. jogged 30. A. sinking B. lying C. sliding D. hiding 31. A. struggle B. experience C. try D. quit 32. A. interrupts B. discourages C. limits D. suits 33. A. mind B. occur C. matter D. differ 34. A. effort B. luck C. support D. belief 35. A. practicing B. risking C. suffering D. learning 36. A. bring up B. go over C. push through D. turn down 37. A. certain B. happy C. optimistic D. anxious 38. A. warned B. troubled C. destroyed D. guided 39. A. quality B. shelter C. virtue D. success 40. A. so B. nor C. such D. it 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. A 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了儿子 Sam 在数学方面遇到困境，并向作者寻求帮助，从而引发了作者 的一些感悟。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当人们发现我的儿子山姆是一个很有竞争力的数学竞赛参加者时，他们通常 会问我和我丈夫是不是擅长数学的人。A. competitive 有竞争性的；B. sensitive 敏感的；C. generous 慷慨的； D. anxious 焦虑的。根据后文“Sam’s done pretty well”可知，Sam 在数学方面很有具有竞争力。故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：考虑到他的父母不是精于数学的人，山姆已经做得很好了。A. unless 除非；B. because 因为；C. considering 考虑到；D. providing 假如。结合前后文语境“Sam’s done pretty well … his parents aren’t math people”可知考虑到(considering)Sam 的父母都不是擅长数学的人，Sam 做得很好。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是有时候我希望我是一个懂数学的人，这样我就可以帮助他，或者至少给他 更好的建议。A. life 生活；B. advice 建议；C. solution 解决方案；D. taste 味道。根据上文“I could help him or at least give him better”可知作者希望自己懂数学，这样可以给儿子提供更好的建议。故选 B。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从数学角度来说，九年级对萨姆来说很难。A. interesting 有趣的；B. attractive 吸引人的；C. boring 无聊的；D. tough 困难的。根据本段中“In the most recent competition, he didn’t do as well as he’d hoped”可知，此处指九年级对他而言是艰难的。tough 意为“艰难的”。故选 D。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他离开了初中数学的世界，在那里他是一条大鱼，如今他开始和高中生一起遨 游。A. principle 原则；B. world 世界；C. test 测试；D. age 年龄。结合后文“of middle school math”可知 Sam 离开了初中数学的世界。故选 B。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他离开了初中数学的世界，在那里他是一条大鱼，如今他开始和高中生一起遨 游。A. running 奔跑；B. travelling 旅游；C. swimming 游泳；D. hunting 打猎。结合前一句中的 fish 可知， 作者把 Sam 比喻成鱼，与其他孩子一起遨游在数学的世界中。故选 C。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次竞赛中，他没有像自己希望的那样表现出色，还被他申请的数学 夏令营拒绝了。A. admitted 承认；B. received 收到；C. caught 抓住；D. rejected 拒绝。根据空前句“ he didn’t do as well as he’d hoped”和下文的“clearly discouraged. ”及“I don’t know why I didn’t do better,”可推测，Sam 在 数学竞赛中表现不如所愿，所以被他申请的数学夏令营拒绝了。故选 D。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为自己设定了一个很高的目标，但还没有完全实现。A. scored 得分；B. reached 到达；C. pursued 追求；D. managed 管理。由本句可知 it 代指“a high goal”，根据句意及短语搭配可知是 “达成目标”应用 reached。故选 B。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周的一天，他走进我的办公室，显然很沮丧。A. stole 偷窃；B. marched 前进； C. wandered 徘徊；D. jogged 慢跑。根据上文可知 Sam 遭受挫折，心情沮丧、步履沉重地走进办公室。wander into 表示“慢慢走进”。故选 C。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不知道为什么我没有做得更好，”他说着，一屁股坐在椅子上。A. sinking 下沉；B. lying 平躺；C. sliding 滑动；D. hiding 隐藏。根据上文 discouraged 可知，Sam 的心情很沮丧，他 颓然地坐进椅子里。sink on a chair 表示“坐在椅子上”。故选 A。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我应该放弃。A. struggle 挣扎；B. experience 经历；C. try 尝试；D. quit 放 弃。根据后文“I’m not good enough.”可知，Sam 因不知道如何学好数学而气馁。所以推测他在犹豫要不要 放弃学数学。故选 D。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种想法让我们沮丧——我们只是不够好，我们所有的努力最终都没有意义， 我们无法将我们的努力转化为成功。A. interrupts 中断；B. discourages 使气馁，阻止；C. limits 限制；D. suits 适合。根据后文可知，这种想法指的是我们不够好。这也是 Sam 说过的话，结合前文“clearly discouraged” 可知，此处指这种想法使我们所有人气馁。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种想法让我们沮丧——我们只是不够好，我们所有的努力最终没有产生重要 的影响，我们无法将我们的努力转化为成功。A. mind 介意；B. occur 发生；C. matter 重要，要紧；D. differ 不同。结合前后文语境此处表示“我们的努力最后没有产生重要的影响”。故选 C。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种想法让我们沮丧——我们只是不够好，我们所有的努力最终都没有意义， 我们无法将我们的努力转化为成功。A. effort 努力；B. luck 运气；C. support 支持；D. belief 信念。根据上 文“hard work”可知，此处指无法将努力转化成成功。故选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直在学习。A. practicing 练习；B. risking 冒险；C. suffering 遭受；D. learning 学习。结合上文“I don’t have an answer for Sam.”可知作者也无法给出回答，因为作者自己也一直在学习。 故选 D。 【36 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如何度过困难、失望、拒绝和厌倦。A. bring up 提出；B. go over 复习；C. push through 度过，努力设法通过；D. turn down 拒绝。根据后文“difficulty, disappointment, rejection, boredom.”可知， 此处表示度过困难、失望、拒绝和厌倦。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如何因为某事的美好和值得我们去做，而不是因为我们确信我们会成功。A. certain 确定的，必然的；B. happy 快乐的；C. optimistic 乐观的；D. anxious 焦虑的。结合后文“we’ll succeed” 可知，此处指我们确定自己会成功。故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，他是不可思议的，有成就的，但我知道他和其他人一样，也被怀疑 困扰着。A. warned 警告；B. troubled 使烦恼；C. destroyed 破坏；D. guided 指导。结合后文“by doubt”可 知此处意为“Sam 被疑虑困扰着”。故选 B。 【39 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：把时间花在不能保证成功的事情上是危险和可怕的。A. quality 质量；B. shelter 庇护所；C. virtue 美德；D. success 成功。根据第六和第七段可知，努力最后不一定会转化成成功，由此可 知花时间在不能保证成功的事情上是冒险和令人恐惧的。故选 D。 【40 题详解】 考查固定结构。句意：但话说回来，一切都是如此。A. so 如此；B. nor 也不；C. such 这样的；D. it 它。根 据语境可知，此处应是指“做任何事情都是冒险和令人恐惧的”。此处为“so+be 动词+主语”，表示表示 前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者。故选 A。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cave No.12 of the Yungang Grottoes (石窟), the 1,500-year-old masterpieces of Chinese Buddhist art, has been recently “moved” to the Zhejiang University Museum of Art and Archaeology by 3D printing technology, ___41___ (bring)the grottoes to the wider world. Cave No.12,14 meters deep,11 meters wide and 9 meters high, also known ____42____ the Music Cave, was carved with rich images of heavenly figures and ____43____ (music)instruments from home and abroad. These figures represented the ____44____ (early) royal symphony orchestra (乐团) in ancient China. The researchers ___45___ (overcome)many difficulties since August 2016.First,the project team spent three months laser-scanning (激光扫描) the cave and took 55,680. ____46____ (photo) of it. ____47____ (ensure) successful printing, a special 3D printer was tailored for the project. Then, ____48____ came after 3D printing was the coloring process, during which the images in the cave ___49___ (expect) to be covered with proper materials and colors. After eight months of coloring, the staff finally completed the replica cave. Experts believe that the completion of the project marked technical breakthroughs and ____50____ very important step forward in digital protection and inheritance of cultural heritages. 【答案】41. bringing 42. as 43. musical 44. earliest 45. have overcome 46. photos 47. To ensure 48. what 49. were expected 50. a 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了如何运用 3D 打印技术将“云冈石窟”复制到浙江大学艺术与考古博物 馆。 【41 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有 1500 年历史的中国佛教艺术杰作云冈石窟的第十二窟，最近已通过 3D 打印 技术被“搬到”了浙江大学艺术与考古博物馆，使石窟得到了更广泛的世界关注。结合句意并分析句子结构可 知，bring 在句子中充当非谓语，“使石窟得到了更广泛的世界关注”是“通过 3D 打印技术将云冈石窟第十二 窟“搬到”浙江大学艺术与考古博物馆”的结果，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，因 此填 bringing。 【42 题详解】 考查介词。句意：第十二窟，又称音乐窟，有 14 米深，11 米宽和 9 米高，里面刻着丰富的神话人物形象和 国内外的乐器。known as 意为“被称为”，为固定搭配。故填 as。 【43 题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。结合句意并分析句子得知，空格处应为形容词来修饰其后的名词。故填 musical。 【44 题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这些人物代表着中国古代最早的宫廷乐团。由句意和空格前的 the 可知，此处应 该用 early 的最高级形式。故填 earliest。 【45 题详解】 考查时态。句意：自从 2016 年 8 月，研究人员们克服很多困难。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，且 根据句子中的时间状语“since August 2016”可知，时态为现在完成时。故填 have overcome。 【46 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：项目组花费 3 个月用激光扫描石窟并拍摄了 55680 张照片。由前面的数字可知，此 处应该填 photo 的复数形式。故填 photos。 【47 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保成功打印，科学家们为该项目量身定制了特殊的 3D 打印机。根据句意以 及分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，在句子中作目的状语。故填 To ensure。 【48 题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：3D 打印后是颜色加工，在这段期间石窟里的人物形象预计会覆盖上合适的材料和 颜色。分析句子结构得知，此处是主语从句，“…came after 3D printing”作这个句子的主语，从句中缺少主 语且主语指的是物，应由 what 来引导。故填 what。 【49 题详解】 考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意同上。be expected to do 表示“被期望做、预计做”，事情发生在过去， 用一般过去时，主语是 images，谓语动词用复数，故填 were expected。 【50 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：专家们相信工程的完成标志着技术的突破以及文化遗产数字化保护和传承向前迈出的重 要一步。step 是可数名词，此处泛指“一步”，very 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填 a。 【点睛】 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 I had an extraordinary experience when I was in Senior 1. I am doing badly in chemistry. However hardly I tried, I just couldn’t catch up others. Fortunately, we had a new chemistry teacher, Mr Hu, which is plain-looking but very good at teaching. He gave so interesting lessons that we all liked him. The most excited thing was doing experiments because this was wonderful to see the chemical changes. Soon I made a great progress. I even began to apply the knowledges I acquired in chemistry classes to real life. I’ll remember his kind forever and want to be a teacher like Mr. Hu in the future. 【答案】1.am→was 2.hardly→hard 3.others 前添加 with 4.which→who 5.so→such 6.excited→exciting 7.this→it 8.去掉 a 9.knowledges→knowledge 10.kind→kindness 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者高一的化学老师上课有趣，让原本化学学得不好的作者逐渐取得了很大 进步的事情。 【详解】1.考查动词时态。结合文章内容可知事情发生在过去应用一般过去时，主语为 I，be 动词应用 was。 故 am 改为 was。 2.考查副词。句意：不管我怎么努力，我就是赶不上别人。此处表示“努力”应用副词 hard，hardly 表示“几 乎不”与语境不符。故 hardly 改为 hard。 3.考查介词。句意同上。结合句意表示“赶上”短语为 catch up with。故 others 前添加 with。 4.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 teacher，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系 代词 who。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。故 which 改为 who。 5.考查状语从句。句意：他的课很有趣，所以我们都喜欢他。此处为结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至 于……”应用 such…that…，构成“so+形容词+可数名词复数+that 从句”，such 修饰名词 lessons。故 so 改 为 such。 6.考查形容词。此处修饰名词 thing 应用-ing 结尾形容词 exciting，表示“令人兴奋的”，excited 用于修饰人。 故 excited 改为 exciting。 7.考查形式主语。此处为句型“it be+adj.+to do sth.”，it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故 this 改为 it。 8.考查固定短语。句意：很快，我取得了很大的进步。结合句意表示“取得很大进步”短语为 make great progress。故去掉 a。 9.考查名词。名词 knowledge 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故 knowledges 改为 knowledge。 10.考查名词。上文 his 为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词 kindness，且 kindness 为不可数名词。故 kind 改为 kindness。 第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分) 52. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jennifer 所在的学校将要举办国际优秀动画电影作品展播，想请你为他们 选中的中国动画片《大闹天宫》写一篇英文介绍。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：《大闹天宫》Uproar in Heaven ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The animated film, Uproar in Heaven, is adapted from one of the classical Chinese novels called Journey to the West, which is set in the Tang Dynasty, about 1,400 years ago. The main character, Sun Wukong is a monkey, who can not only make 72 magic changes, but also dares to fight bravely when he is treated unfairly, making the Monkey King a hero in almost every child’s mind. The film is a perfect combination of Chinese traditional elements and creative artistic design, and you will find it strikingly beautiful and extremely imaginative as well. The film won an important international award in 1964. It is still popular today and recognized as a Chinese animated film masterpiece. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是提纲类写作。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jennifer 所在的学校将要举办国际优秀动 画电影作品展播，想请你为他们选中的中国动画片《大闹天宫》写一篇英文介绍。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词(组)：Uproar in Heaven (《大闹天宫》)；be adapted from(改编自……)； one of(……之一)；Journey to the West(《西游记》)；main character(主角)；not only…but also…(不仅……而 且……)；unfairly(不公平地)；combination(结合)；Chinese traditional elements(中国传统元素)；creative artistic design(创造性艺术设计)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美 观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 The animated film, Uproar in Heaven, is adapted from one of the classical Chinese novels called Journey to the West, which is set in the Tang Dynasty, about 1,400 years ago.运用非限制性定语从句；The main character, Sun Wukong is a monkey, who can not only make 72 magic changes, but also dares to fight bravely when he is treated unfairly, making the Monkey King a hero in almost every child’s mind.运用时间状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句 式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。