高中英语必修1人教版精品导学案：Unit 4Earthquakes

高中英语必修1人教版精品导学案：Unit 4Earthquakes

Unit 4 Earthquakes 第一课时：Warming-up & vocabulary 预习导学： 本单元重点词汇呈现 单词识记 __________ 摇动，颤动 __________ 地震 __________ 井 __________ 上升，增加，起身 __________ 发臭的 __________ 突然爆发 __________ 废墟，毁灭 __________ 极度的 __________ 损害,伤害 v. __________ 幸存者，残存物 __________ 破坏 v __________ 砖块 __________ 无用的 __________ 震惊，打击 __________ 营救 __________ 电 __________ 灾害 __________ 组织 v, __________ 埋葬，隐藏 __________ 矿，矿井 __________ 掩蔽，遮蔽处 __________ 判断 __________ 荣誉，给予荣誉 __________ 新鲜的，无经验的 __________ 百分率 __________ 裂缝，使开裂 __________ 蒸汽，水汽 __________ 使惊吓，吓唬 __________ 受惊的，受恐吓的 __________ 祝贺 n __________ 裁判员 n；判断 v __________ 表达 v，速递 __________ 骑自行车的人 __________ 军队 __________ 准备 v. 重点短语： right__________ 立刻 burst ___ ____ = burst ____ ____突然大哭 _____ _____ end 结束 lay _____ _______ 成为废墟 dig _____ 掘出，发现 be _____ ___ / bury _____ ___专心… ___(_____) number of 大量的 give _____ 分发，发出（气味，热等） _____/ _____ a speech 作演讲 ________ from / by 从…判断 ___ honor ___ 为了纪念… tens ___ __________ of 成千上万 _____ _____ 煤矿 get _____ __________ 做好充足准备 begin to __________ 开始复苏 __________ of 取代 think ______ ___ 对…考虑少 think ______ of 对…高度评价 __________ workers营救人员 be _____ =be missing 丢失 build _____ ___ _____ 为幸存者建造避难所 be ____ __ = take _____ __为..感到自豪_____ the competition 赢得比赛 be pleased ___ __ 很高兴做… break _____ 爆发 be ________ under sth 被困在下面 ___ ___ north __ 在某地方的北面 put ___ 搭建（临时住所等） wake ___ 叫醒某人 ________ sth. for sth. 为…做准备 语法：由 who/ whom/ whose/ that /which 等关系代词引导的定语从句 口语交际 如何表达感谢： I would like to _______ _______ _______ … who ….（我想向。。。表达我的谢意，他/ 她。。。） Here, I wish to express my _______ ____ the great efforts …（在此，我想感谢。。。的努 力） I ______________thank …(我还要感谢…) No words are _______ _____ to express our …(没有任何词足以表达我们的。。。) 如何描述地震时的情景：（翻译成英语） 当---时真是可怕__________________ 就好像__________________ 我记得__________________ 我觉得________________ 那之后没多久__________________ 幸运的是__________________ 实战演练 I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空： burst, frighten, judge, organize, rescue, shake, ruin, destroy, injure, shelter, honour, disaster, electricity, shock 1. The flood _____ a lot of houses and many people became homeless. 2. After _____ was cut off, the lights went out. 3. ______ always come suddenly and cause a lot of damage. 4. The ______ girl was speechless after she saw the terrible scene. 5. A car accident happened with two people killed and one seriously ______. 6. St. Petersburg was almost in ____ after it was under attack for 900 days by the Germans. 7. The rescue workers put up a lot of tents so that the homeless survivors could be ______. 8. Next month a new monument will be built in ________ of those who died in the terrible disaster. 9. The river ______ its banks and flooded the village. 10. They were badly ______ by the news of her death. II. 根据所给单词选择合适的英文释义： quake useless shock rescue disaster bury congratulations especially injure destroy 1. (of persons) to shake or tremble from cold, weakness, fear, anger, etc；(of things) to shake or tremble, as from shock, internal convulsion, or instability. __________ 2. of no use; not serving any purpose; without useful qualities; of no practical good. __________ 3. to strike with great surprise and emotional disturbance. __________ 4. to set free, as from danger or imprisonment; save . __________ 5. a terrible event, esp. one occurring suddenly and causing great loss of life, damage, or hardship, as a flood, airplane crash, or business failure . __________ 6. to put in the ground and cover with earth . __________ 7. used to express joy in the success or good fortune of another. __________ 8. to an exceptional degree; in particular . __________ 9. hurt; damage, esp. for result of an accident . __________ 10. break to pieces; make useless; put an end to. __________ III. 用本单元所学单词填空 1.When an earthquake happens, the ground will _________ (晃动)greatly. 2.The fish must go bad, for it is ________（有气味的）. 3.When she heard the news that her husband was killed in the accident, she _______（爆发） into tears. 4.The two countries were separated by a _________（运河）. 5.Water can be turned into s________ when heated. 6.The desk is covered with a lot of ________(灰尘). Would you please clean it? 7.After the earthquake, the whole city was in r_________. 8.An accident happened. Luckily, nobody was _________（受伤的）. 9.There was no ________（幸存者） in the air crash. 10. _______（判断） from his accent, we know he comes from the west. IV. 短语翻译： 立刻，马上 ____________ 水管 ____________ 突然大笑起来 ____________ 上百万的 ____________ 结束，终结 ____________ 破败不堪，一片废墟 ____________ 毁坏一个城市 ____________ 营救某人脱离危险 ____________ 自然灾害 ____________ 从……来判断 ____________ 挖掘，发现 ____________ 煤矿 ____________ 为幸存者搭建避身处 ____________ 弄伤一支胳膊 ____________ 许多的，大量的 ____________ 反馈检测 单项选择 1. Why don’t you ____ a club? That will make you stronger and help you achieve your goal more quickly. A. organize B. make C. build D. discuss 2. _____ were sent to hospital and ____ were buried. A. The injury, the death B. The injuring, the dying C. The injured, the dead D. The injured, the died 3. About ____ of the workers in that steel works ____ young people. A. third fifths, are B. three fifths, are C. three fifths, is D. three fifth, are 4. He got _____ in the battle. A. damaged B. harmed C. hurt D. wounded 5. All the people present felt ____ at the _____ news. A. shocking, shocking B.shocked, shocking C. shocked, shocked D. shocking, shocked 6. I didn’t ____ becoming a doctor in my childhood. A. think B. believe C. imagine D. recognize 7. Bob is sure to pass the exam, for he is well _____ for it. A. preparing B. prepared C. got ready D. preparation 8. After the rain, the river ______ by two feet. A. raised B. rose C. lifted D. went 9. Wash your hands with soap _____ the experiment. A. in the end of B. at the end of C. to the end of D. by the end of 10. His strength had almost _____ when they found him in the desert. A. given out B. given in C. given up D. given off 11. Many people came to the meeting, _____ of whom left early. A. number B. the numbers C. the number D. a number 12. It’s quite _____ to score a goal in FIFA World Cup. A. a prize B. a price C. an honour D. a value 13. Do you have any difficulty ________ ? A. on listening B. in listening C. for listening D. to listening 14. _____ is no wonder that the building is _____. A. It; in ruins B. That; in ruins C. This; in ruin D It; in ruin 15. In that big fire all their houses were_______, so they had to build new ones. A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. destroyed 第二课时：Reading 预习导学 I 浏览课文,回答以下问题: a. What happened? b. When and where did it happen? II. 根据主题句,找出段落大意: Part 1. ________________________________________ Part 2-3________________________________________ Part 4. ________________________________________ III. 仔细阅读课文,完成下面的表格: Part Events Before the earthquake (Paragraph 1) 1_____________ were happening both in the countryside and in the city of Tangshan but 2______________ them. During the earthquake (Paragraph 2-3) The earthquake 3________ the city and 4_______ the people. After the earthquake Soldiers were sent to dig out those trapped and 5_______ the dead; 6_______ were built for the homeless and (Paragraph 4) 7__________ was taken to the city. IV. 文中所提到的数字： What’s the population of Tangshan in 1976? About 1._________ What time did the earthquake happen? At about 2.___________________. How long did the earthquake last? 3._______ seconds. What’s the number of people killed or injured in the quake? Over 4._______. How serious was the earthquake? 5._______ of the factories and buildings and 6._______ of the homes were gone; 7.___________________ cows would never give milk again; 8.___________ pigs and 9._______ ____ chickens were dead. How many soldiers were sent to rescue? 10._______. V. 根据课文内容判断正误。 1. People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didn’t go to bed that night.( ) 2. People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.( ) 3. More than 400,000people were killed in the quake.( ) 4. Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.( ) 5. People tried to get fresh water from under the ground.( ) VI. 根据课文完成下文： 1_________ ______ happened in Tang Shan. For a few days. Water in the wells 2_____________. From the 3______ of wells 4________ ______ come out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became 5________. At 3:00 am, everything began to 6______.It seemed that the world was 7_______ ______ ____. 8_____-____ of the nation 9____ it. 10_______ ______ ____cut across the city. The city lay 11_______ ______. Two-thirds of the people 12_____ or 13______ _____. Then later that afternoon, another big quake 14______ Tang Shan. People began to wonder 15________ ________ ____ ________ _________ _______. But all hope 16_____ ____ _________. 17_______ came to help those 18__________. Slowly, the city began to 19________ _______. 实战演练 I. 短语翻译： 1. 对某人评价不好，对．．．不当一会事_____________　 2．臭气　 _____________　　3. 1000 公里以外 _____________ 4. 2／3 的人 _____________ 5. ．．．的数量 _____________ 6. 无法安全通行 _____________　 7. 数以万计的 _____________ 8. 救援人员 _____________ 9. 挖出 _____________ 10. 又开始出现生机 _____________ 11. right away _____________ 12. at an end _____________ 13. burst into tears _____________ 14. lie/ be in ruins _____________ 15. reach as many as 400,000 __________ 16. blow away _____________ 17. instead of _____________ 18. be trapped under the ruins __________ 19. build shelters for survivors __________ 20. be proud of / take pride in__________ II. 完成句子 1. 于教授在演讲之前先理顺了一下自己的思路。 Professor Yu ______ ______ ______ before ______ his speech. 2. 并非所有学生都喜欢上网。 All the students ______ ________ _______ the Internet. 3. 警方援救一男子，使之免遭溺水。 The police _______ a man _______ drowning. 4. 她对她的孩子们的成功感到非常自豪。 She _______ very _______ ________ her children’s success. 5. 老师好像对你做的事很满意。 ______ ______ _______ the teacher was satisfied with what you had done. 6. 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子成了孤儿。 ________ _________ families _______ ________and many children were left ________ parents. 7. 战争结束了. The war was __________ _________ ________. 8. 他们突然大笑起来. They _______ _______ laughing. 9. 我得到你的信任, 感到十分荣幸. I _______ highly _________ by your trust. 10. 地震过后, 全城到处都是颓垣断壁. An earthquake left the whole town ________ ________. 反馈检测 阅读扩充 The ground we walk on seems firm, but deep under the earth and under the sea the rocks change and move. In some parts of the world there are “fire mountains”, which we call volcanoes. From time to time they burst open and throw out fire and burning ash. These volcanoes are very dangerous. Hong Kong does not have any volcanoes but there are many in Indonesia and Philippines. There is also a famous mountain near Tokyo, Japan, which is a volcano too. Its name is Mount Fuji. For much of the year, it is covered with snow. One of the most famous volcanoes which erupted （ 喷 发 ） in recent times was Krakatoa, on an island in Indonesia. The first explosions（爆发）took place on 20th May, 1883, but the big eruption did not come until the 26th and 27th August of that year. The people on the island were used to the explosions by that time, and so they were completely unprepared for this terrible happening. Almost all the people on the island died and the explosion also made huge waves in the sea, which drowned （淹死）many people on the other island nearby. After the eruption was over, people saw that the whole northern part of the island had completely disappeared. Scientists say that 15 cubic（立方）kilometers of rocks and ash were thrown up in the explosion. The noise of the explosion was heard nearly 5,000 kilometers away in the middle of the Indian Ocean, and the city of Jakarta was completely dark for about two and a half hours. 1. There are many volcanoes _____. A. everywhere in the world B. under the earth and the sea C. in Hong Kong D. in Indonesia 2. Mount Fuji is famous just because ________. A. it is covered with snow for much of the year B. it is a volcano C. it is near Tokyo D. It is in Japan 3. The people near Krakatoa were unprepared when it had its biggest explosion because people there ____. A. had never met any explosions of the volcano before B. were used to the explosions of the volcanoes by that time C. didn’t want to leave their island D. could do nothing but wait 4. People who lived 5,000 kilometers away from Krakatoa could _______. A. see that 15 cubic kilometers of rocks and ashes were thrown up B. hear the noise of explosion C. see the huge waves D. see that Krakatoa was dark 第三课时：Grammar 预习导学 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which 和 that 等；关系副词有 when, where, why 等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子 成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。 定语从句的结构： 先行词__ +_______ +________ 先行词是人或物, 在句中充当_____, _____,____,_____等成分用关系代词 I.先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语用关系代词_______, _______，_______。 who, whom，that 的区别： 1 介词后只能用_______ ，不能用_______ _______。 2 先行词为代词，或逗号后不用_______。 3 主句是特殊疑问句，已经有 who，则从句引导词用_______。 II.先行词是事或物, 在从句中作主语、宾语，用关系代词_______, _______。 that, which,的区别: 1. 只用 which: ______后, _______后。 2. 只用 that： ○1 先行词是或被指物的不定代词修饰，常用的不定代词有：______, ______, ______, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ ______, ______,______, ______, ______等 ○2 先行词特指，为 the +_____(包括 last, next)/ _______/ ______/ _____等修饰时 ○3 先行词有____又有_____ ○4 先行词在从句中作____语 ○5 主句是___或___开头的特殊疑问句。 3. 不用 that 引导 ○1 在__________定语从句中， ○2 直接在_____后作宾语时，不能用 that 引导，要用 whom, whose 或 which，且不能 省略。但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用______替代 which, ______替代 whom，也可以 省略关系代词。 ○3 当先行词是指人的 all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时，多用 ______。 ○4 当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时 ○5 定语从句中，those who 相当于意为“凡……的人”，表示的是两者以上的不定数量，who 引导的定语从句用复数，不能用 that 代替。（注意：anybody who, he who 中谓语动词用单 数。 III. 先行词是事或物, 在从句中只用作定语，表示“…的”, 后加名词, 用关系代词_______。 指物 = the +名词 +_______, 指人= the +名词+_______。 IV. 关系代词 whom, which 前介词的选择看主句中的习惯搭配或从句中动词的搭配而决定， 但从句中含有介词的短语动词一般_____(拆开,不拆开)，介词仍放在动词的后面。 V. 定语从句常犯的问题 ○1 引导词用错. 如：The book which cover is green was lost yesterday.(应改为______) ○2 语序用错. 如：Is there anything else that can I do for you? (应改为______) ○3 无先行词　如：Is this museum _____ you visited last Saturday? (应该填________ ) Is this the museum ______ we visited last Saturday? (应该填________ ) ○4 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数没有和____保持一致，如： Tom is the only one of the boys who _____(like) playing football. (应该填________ ) ○5 引导词代替的成分在从句中又出现。如： Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with him just now? (应改为______) 实战演练 定语从句练习 I. 用所给的关系代词 which, that, who, whom, whose.完成以下从句： 1.The force __________ causes everything to fall towards the ground is called gravity. 2.A friend __________ helps you in time of need is a friend indeed. 3.He saw a house __________ windows were all broken. 4.Everything __________ can be done today mustn’t be done tomorrow. 5.This is the best hotel __________ I know. 6.The boy with ______ John spoke is my brother.. 7.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows ， most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 8.He talked a lot about the teachers and the schools __________ he had visited. 9.The ninth lesson __________ we are learning is the most difficult in Book One. 10. Will you please lend me the very book ______ you bought yesterday? 11. Mount Blanc( 勃朗峰), __________ they visited last month, is the highest mountain in Europe. 12. The house in __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now. 13. The house __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now. 14. The house __________ Lu Xun once lived in is a museum now. 15. This is the museum _____ we visited last Saturday. 16. Is this museum the one ______ you visited last Saturday? 17. The boy _______ computer doesn’t work well needs your help. 18. This is the best movie _______ we have seen this year. 19. The passengers and the suitcases _______ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane. 20. Who is the girl _______ you want to make friends with? II. 把下列句子改写成定语从句。（提示：主从句的选择：主句多为：1 表状态，2 表结果 3 时 间较后；从句多为：1 表动作 2 表原因 3 时间靠前） 1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. _____________________________________________ 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her. _____________________________________________ 3. The student’s article was published. I know the student. _____________________________________________ 4. Betty is studying English very well. She has never been abroad. _____________________________________________ 5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old. _____________________________________________ 6. The compter is too slow. I bought the computer four years ago. _____________________________________________ 7. The man created the famous university. The man never finished college. _____________________________________________ 8. I have ever seen the film and it is the most interesting film. _____________________________________________ 9. They talked about the people and the things, and they remembered them in old days. _____________________________________________ 10. The man laughed at you just now. Who is the man? _____________________________________________ III．单句改错 1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? 4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. 6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? 7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick 9. She says she still remembers the things and the persons whom I told him last year. 10. I don’t like the way which you speak to her. 11. This is the factory where we visited last week. 12. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 13. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 14. The house in that we live is very small. 15. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 16. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 17. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 18. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country. 19. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 20. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 反馈检测 挑战一下历届高考试题中的定语从句： 1. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center _________ is always busy at the weekend. （ 06 上海春季 ） A. that B. where C. what D. which 2. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction __________ she had come. （ 06 重庆 ） A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 3. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. （ 06 上海 ） A. where B. when C. which D. what 4. Look out ! Don' t get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair. （06 福建） A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 5. Her sister has become a lawyer, ________ she wanted to be. ( 05 湖北 ) A. who B. that C. what D. which 6. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago? ( 2005 北京春季) A. where B. when C. that D. what 7. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. ( 04 江苏 ) A. Which B. When C. What D. As 8. The famous basketball star, _____________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 春季) A. where B. when C. which D. who 9. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____________ was very reasonable. ( S2000) A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 10. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001) A.It B. As C. That D. What 11. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (08 湖南卷） A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 12. The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds. （08 陕西卷） A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 13. The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. （08 江苏卷） A. which B. what C. that D. where 14. Is this factory _____ we visited last year? A. where B. in which C. the one D. at which 15. It is known to everybody ____ the moon travels around the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A.it B. that C. as D. what 第四课时：Using languages 预习导学 本单元重点词汇句型归纳总结 1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. ○1 imagine vt. form a picture of in the mind；think of (sth.) as probable：想象；认为（某 事）可能发生或存在。 imagine +名词、代词、动名词、从句； imagine sb. to be We can imagine _______________(她的悲伤) I didn’t imagine (my) _______________(成为一名教师) in my childhood. Can you imagine _______________（多么）I was surprised to hear the news? I don’t imagine so. = I imagine ____________.我认为不是这样。 ○2 shake: move, be moved, quickly or violently up and down, forwards and backwards: 最普通用词，可指人或物 “摇动，发抖”。指人时常用于感情激动、寒冷、惧怕 引起的身体颤动。在表示”时，多用。 shake sb’s hand /shake hands with sb 握手 shake one’s head 摇头 shake with 因……而颤抖 be shaken by/with/at 使受震撼，使（信念等）动摇 The poor boy was ____________________.这个孩子正冻的发抖。 They were badly shaken ____________.他们对这个消息大为震惊。 The host ____________ all the guests. 主人跟所有的客人握手。 2. rise vi. & raise vt rise (rise -rose- risen) vi. ( of the sun, moon, stars, river, price, temperature, etc.) appear above the horizon:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温 度、河水、潮水及人的职位等 raise (raise -raised-raised) vt. 1. lift up; move from a low(er) to a high(er) level; cause to rise: 外部的力量，“举起、提高”： 2．grow or produce (crops); breed (sheep, etc.); bring up a family: 饲养、种植”、养育、抚育： The people’s living standard has greatly __________. He has __________ in rank. Her temperature is still _______. They can _______ rice here. He _______ from his chair and began his speech. 3. burst : to come open or fly apart suddenly burst into + n. burst out + doing Some robbers ______________ that house. He______________.= He burst out __________他大笑起来。 He burst into tears.= He burst __________. 4. It seemed as if the world was at an end! ①as if = as though 似乎，好像; 在表语从句中相当于 that: She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，______________ It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed _____the world was at an end! ②seem 连系动词，似乎，好像 1）（sb.）seem + (to be ) + adj./n.= It seems/seemed (to sb.) + that-clause 2）seem + to do 3）seem + like + n. As I was talking about my experience, he seemed ________________(看来很吃惊) . It seems that they will arrive in the city before dark . = They ________ _________ _________ the city before dark. ○3. Compare: at the end of; by the end of ; in the end ①at the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意; ②by the end of 用于表示时间的场合到……结束的时候，用过去完成时态; ③in the end 意思“最后、终于”。 ○4 come to an end 结束 His father will return home ___________this year. He will be a scientist __________. How many English words had you learned ____________ last term? At last the meeting _________. 5. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. ①lie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain state 动词原形 意义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie 说谎 lied lied Lying lie 躺，卧 lay lain lying The village ___in ruins after the war. These machines have ____idle（闲置的）since the factory closed. ②in ruins : severely damaged or destroyed Compare: ruin ; destroy ; damage damage 指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可 以用作名词,用作名词时常与 to something 连用。 destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希 望、计划等打破。 ruin 则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像 destroy 那样毁灭某物,而是强调 致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作 “使毁灭”、 “使崩溃”、 “弄糟”解; 用作名词时,它表示 “毁灭”、 “瓦解”、 “废墟”等抽象概念。ruin 也有借喻的用法。 An earthquake left the whole town_______. His career is________. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was_________. Soft wood ________easily. 6. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. ①分数的用法： 分数构成：分子基数词，分母序数词，分子不为一，分母用复数 分数修饰名词做主语，谓语单复数根据修饰的名词来判断：可数名词复数后接复数动 词，不可数名词或可数名词单数后接单数动词 ________ (三分之一) of the students in our class ______ (be) girls. _________ (五分之三) of the soil __________ (wash) away by the flood last night. ________ (一半) of the desks in this school ________ (make) in his company. ______ (大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday ______ (be) interesting. _________________ (数万) people _____________ (dance) in the big square now. There were ____________ (一万) students taking part in the exam yesterday. _________________ (百分之九十) of the mountain __________ (cover) by trees. More than 61% of the surface of the earth ____covered by water. Seventy percent of the workers in this factory ____ young. ②Compare: injure ; hurt; wound，harm Their criticisms（批评）_________him deeply. Smoking will ________his health. He was slightly ________in the car accident. He got _________in the fighting. What you said _____my feeling. 7. All hope was not lost= Not all hope was lost. all...not = not all...意为“______.”，是部分否定。当 all, both 及 every 的合成词与 not 连用 时，表示部分否定；完全否定要用 no, never, nowhere, none, neither, nothing， nobody 等。 ____ (不是所有的蚂蚁都出去)out for food. Some work in the tunnels as guards and workers. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. (NMET 1997) lay 放置，产卵 lay laid laying 助记：没有接不穿的谎，说谎规则变；不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则 A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 8. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ○1 dig out 挖掘；发现; dig into 钻研; 开始大吃 dig for=look for 寻找 He _________ Chinese customs. 他深入钻研了中国习俗。 Some journalists are working hard to _______the secret of that history incident. ○2 trap n, & v.陷阱，困境， 设圈套 trap sb. Into (doing ) sth.诱骗， 诱使某人做某 事 fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套 The thief set by the police. 小偷落入了警察设下的局。 They____________ telling the reason why she stole the gift. 他们设了套，让她说出她偷礼物的原因 ○3 bury v.埋葬，掩藏 bury oneself in= be buried in 埋头于，专心 于 The dog____________________. 这只狗把骨头埋在地里 I ____________________ my studies.我专心于学习。 She ____________ thought. 她陷入沉思。 9. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. It was a frightening night because a great number of things happened at the same time. the number of +复数名词+单数动词，意为“...的数目” a number of+复数名词+复数动词， 意为“许多，大量” It is said that there are millions of camels in India and _______ of them is growing. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. 实战演练 I 分词做伴随状语练习：完成句子 1. He dug out a box of money _____________________ (觉得非常激动) 2. My mother was in the kitchen _____________________ (正在做饭) 3. He lay on the grass _________________________ (看着天空) II. 部分否定练习：翻译成汉语 1. All that glitters(闪光) is not gold. _____________________________________ 2. Not everyone agrees with me. _____________________________________ 3. Not all people are interested in fame and money. _____________________________________ 4. Both of them didn't attend the meeting. _____________________________________ 5. Not many people like music. _____________________________________ III． seem 用法练习 1. Our English teacher seems ______________ 我们的英语老师看来是个和善的人 2. He seems ______________ (=______________ he knows everything.) 他似乎什么都知道. 3. It seems __________ since we last met. 我们好像有多年没见了. 4. __________ I have seen her before. =__________ to have seen her before. 好像我以前见过她 IV． As if 句型练习： 1. 他做起事来好象是个电视专家。 He acts as if he _________ (be ) a TV expert. 2. 你看上去似乎并不在乎。 You look as if you __________(not care). 3. 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了 The tree looked as if it __________ (water) for a long time. 4. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 He talks about Rome as if _________(be) there before. 5. 他张开嘴似乎要说什么。 He opened his mouth as if he __________ (say) something. 6. 看来似乎要下雪了。 It looks as if it __________ (may snow) V. 介词 to, in, on 表示方位 1. China faces the Pacific__________ the east. 2. Japan lies __________ the east of China. 3.China lies __________ the east of Asia. 反馈检测 I. 单项选择 1. He made another wonderful discovery, _____ was more than we could expect. A. which I think B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is 2. ------ I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ------ Is that the reason _____ you had a few days off? A. why B. who C. what D. where 3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C.from whom D. to whom 4. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew 5. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we expected. A. what B. which C. that D. it 6. He is a man with rich experience, from _______ much can be learned. A. whom B. which C. where D. what 7. The number of the students of the university _______more than 50,000. A. get B. gets C. reach D. reaches 8. One third of the land _______ covered with ice. A. are B. is C. were D. have been 9. What _______ to you these days? A. have been happened B.have happened C. has happened D. are happened 10. Do you have anything_________? A. to be eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating 11. ________of the money belongs to my parents. A. Two fifth B. Two five C. Second fifths D. Two fifths 12. ------I was told you had __________ a letter from him. How long have you __________it? A. received; had B. had; received C. received; received D. got; got 13. How _______was the ship arriving? A. long B. far C. soon D. often 14. He is very nervous. I noticed his hand ________. A. to shake B. shake C. shaking D. shaked 15. Shirley_______ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing II. 完型填空 Earthquakes are 1 ; thousands of them happen each day. But most are too weak to feel. During a 2 earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth _3 terribly and many houses 4 down. Railway tracks break and trains go 5 lines; a great many factories are 6 ; thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes... 7 the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake 8 , other disasters such as fires often 9 . More buildings are destroyed and more 10 caused. It is well known of the 11 of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2,000 years ago, 12 , a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng 13 a machine which could find out from which 14 the seismic waves had come, and this machine is still 15 by scientists today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and 16 they happen, but we still cannot 17 exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot 18 it from happening. So earthquakes are among the 19 disasters in the world. No one can stop natural earthquakes. 20 , scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths. 1.A. common B. unusual C. strange D. familiar 2.A. real B. weak C. big D. small 3.A. moves B. shakes C. jumps D. breaks 4.A. get B. put C. set D. fall 5.A. off B. on C.into D. behind 6.A. burst B. struck C. destroyed D. buried 7.A. Except B. Besides C. Instead of D. Because of 8.A. lonely B. later C. themselves D. itself 9.A. follow B. copy C. come D. enter 10. A. quakes B. deaths C. difficulties D. results 11. A. information B. questions C. dangers D. frights 12. A. as a result B. in fact C. for example D. as well 13. A. invented B. discovered C. found D. bought 14. A. country B. directions C. ways D. city 15. A. improved B. repaired C. protected D. used 16. A. where B. when C. what D. why 17. A. speak B. tell C. talk D. point 18. A. make B. prepare C. stop D. let 19. A. worst B. best C. most D. fast 20. A. However B. But C. And D. So III. 阅读 Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Many people are afraid to support themselves. Dr Robert Albert, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back thinks it' s because their self-respect is low. "There's always a' superior' around--- parent, a teacher, a boss --- who knows better." But Albert and other scientists are doing something to help people help themselves. They offer "assertiveness training" courses A.T. for short. In the A.T. Course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak out is to get rid of fear. A group taking an A.T. Course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But A.T. uses an even stronger motive--- he needs to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-respect. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your answers to problems. You can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do you can learn to speak out. 1. The problem the writer talks about is that __________. A. some people buy things they don't want B. some people are afraid to speak out for their rights C. there are too many superiors D. some people don't think enough of themselves 2.The cause of the problem talked about in this passage is that _________. A. some people have a low self-respect B. there is always someone around who "knows better" C. salesmen talk people into buying things they don't want D. people don t share enough 3.The A.T. Course often _______. A. make people distrust their own answers B. make things more favorable for "superiors" C. help people know as much as their "superiors" D. help people become more important 4.One thing the A.T. Course don't do is to __________. A. share the need of people B. show they have a right to be themselves C. help people overcome fear D. help people to help themselves even if others suffer 5.A good title for this passage could be "__________". A. The Need to Share B. Talk Back When Necessary C. One Way to Build Self-Respect D. One Way to Train Speaking Ability IV. 根据对话内容, 从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选 项： Policeman：Now, Jimmy, did you get a good view(看清) of the accident? Jimmy：Oh, yes. I was standing outside the bank building and I saw it quite clearly. Policeman：Do you know what time it was? Jimmy：Yes. 1 It was 2：45 exactly. Policeman：Good. 2 Jimmy：Well, quite slowly — about 10 miles an hour. It was coming up York Road. 3 But they were still red when he went over them. Policeman：I see. 4 was it also driving slowly? Jimmy：It was coming along Union Street about 30 miles per hour. It was a blue Toyota. 5 Policeman：Did you see what colour his traffic(交通) light was? Jimmy：Yes, it changed to yellow just before he crossed it. A. What about the car? B. I checked my watch. C. Didn’t you see the car? D. Now, how fast was the truck moving? E. Was the car going beyond the speed limit? F. I suppose the truck driver knew the lights were going to change. G. The driver stopped his car when he saw the truck crossing the street. V. 书面表达 下面是有关英语演讲比赛的消息，请据此用英语写一通知。（100 词左右） 活动: 英语演讲比赛 ( English- speaking Contest ) 目 的: 提高英语口语 组 织 者: 学生会 参加范围: 高中（senior) 学生 报名时间: 5 月 25 日以前 报名地点: 学生会办公室 比赛时间: 6 月 9 日下午 4：00 比赛地点: 教学楼五楼礼堂 ( auditorium ) 评 讲: 五名优胜者获 ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Unit 4 Earthquakes 答案 第一课时 预习导学： 单词识记 Shake； quake/earthquake ； well； rise； smelly； burst； ruin； extreme； injure； survivor； destroy； brick； useless； shock； rescue； electricity； disaster； organize； bury； mine； shelter； judge； honor； fresh； percent； crack； steam； frighten； frightened； congratulation； judge； express； cyclist； army； prepare； 重点短语： right away； burst into tears = burst out crying； at an end； lay in ruins； dig out； be buried in / bury oneself in a (great) number of； give out； make/ give a speech； judging from / by； in honor of； tens of thousands of ； coal mine； get well prepared； begin to breathe； instead of； think little of /think highly of； rescue workers； be lost =be missing ； build shelters for survivors ； be proud of=take pride in ； win the competition ；be pleased to do； break out； be trapped under sth； to the north of； put up； wake sb up； prepare sth for sth., 口语交际 express my thanks to … thanks to I’d also like to … strong enough It was terrible when … It seemed as if …. I remember … I felt … Not long after that … Luckily, … 实战演练 I. 1. destroyed, 2. electricity, 3. Disasters, 4. frightened, 5. injured, 6. ruins, 7. sheltered, 8. honour, 9. burst, 10. shocked. II. 1. quake 2. useless 3. shock 4. rescue 5. disaster 6. bury 7.congratulations 8. especially 9.injure10. destroy III. 1. shake 2. smelly 3. burst 4. canal 5. steam 6. dirt 7. ruins 8. injured 9. survivor 10. Judging IV. 1. right away / right now / at once 2. water pipe 3. burst into laughter / out laughing 4. millions of 5. at an end 6. in ruins 7. destroy a city 8. rescue sb from danger 9. natural disaster 10. judging from / by 11. dig out 12. coal mines 13. build shelters for survivors 14. injure an arm 15. a (great) number of 反馈检测 单项选择 1-5ACBDB 6-10CBBBA 11-15DCBAD 第二课时 预习导学 II. Part 1. The natural signs of a coming earthquake Part 2-3. The damage of the city after the earthquake Part 4. The help to the survivors III. Paragraph 1 1 Strange things 2.no one noticed Paragraph 2 &3 3. destroyed 4. shocked Paragraph 4 5. to bury 6. shelters 7. fresh water IV.. 1. one million 2. 3:00 am on July 28, 1976 3. 15 4. 400,000 5. 75% 6. 90% 7. Tens of thousands of 8.Half a million 9.millions of 10. 150,000 V. FTFTF VI. 1.Strange things2.rose and fell 3.cracks 4.smelly gas 5.nervous 6.shake 7.at an end 8.One-third 9.felt 10.A huge crack 11.in ruins 12.died 13.were injured 14.shook 15.how long the disaster would last 16.was not lost 17.Soldiers 18.survivors 19.breathe again 实战演练 I.1. think little of 2. a smelly gas　3. a thousand kilometers away 4. two thirds of the people 5. the number of 6. be not safe for traveling 7. tens of thousands of 8. rescue workers 9. dig out 10. begin to breathe again/turn on a new look again 11. 立 刻，马上 12. 结束，终结 13. 突然大哭 14. 沉沦在一片废墟之中 15. 多达 40 万 16. 吹走， 驱散 17. 代替，而不是 18. 被困在废墟下 19.为幸存者盖起避难所 20. 为．．．感到自豪 II. 1. organized his thoughts; giving 2．don’t like surfing 3. rescued … from 4. is…proud of 5．It seemed that 6. Millions of… were killed… without 7. at an end 8. burst out 9.feel, honoured 10. in ruins 反馈检测 阅读 1-4DBBB 第三课时 预习导学 先行词+引导词+从句; 主语、宾语、表语、定语 I. who, whom, that. 1. whom, who, that. 2. that . 3. that II.. that, which ,whose. 1.介词后,逗号后 2. ○1 all, some, any, no, little, much, few, , anything, everything, nothing, none, the one ○2 the +序数词、最高级形容词, the only, the very ○3 有人又有物 ○4 表语 ○5 who 或 which 3. ○1 非限制性, ○2 介词, that， who, ○3 who III. whose ; of which; of whom IV. 不拆开 V. ○1 whose ○2 I can ○3 the one; that/which/不填 ○4 先行词, likes ○5 him 删去 实战演练 I.1. which/that 2. who/that 3. whose 4. that 5. that 6. whom 7. which 8. that 9. that 10. that 11. which 12. which 13. in which/ where 14. which/that 15. that/ which 16. that/不填 17. whose 18. that / 不填 19. that 20. that / 不填 II. 1. I have a friend who likes listening to classical music. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/ which I gave her. 3. I know the student whose article was published. 4. Betty, who has never been abroad, is studying English very well. 5. My grandparents live in a house which is more than 100 years old. 6. The computer which that I bought four years ago is too slow. 7. The man who/that created the famous university never finished college. 8. It is the most beautiful film that I have ever seen. 9. They talked about the people and the things that they remembered in old days. 10. Who is the man that laughed at you just now? III．1. that→whom 2. which →whose 3. who→that 4. 第二个 is 改为 are 5. like→likes 6. 去 掉 her 7. 去掉 it 8. that→who 9. whom→that 10. which→ in which/that/去掉 which 11. where→ that/which 或去掉 where 12 把 for 放在 looking 之后 13 who→whom 14 that→which 15 that→which 16 which→ that 或去掉 which 17 which→that 或去 掉 which 18 who→that 19 which→that 或去掉 which 20 that→which 反馈检测 历届高考试题中的定语从句：1-5 DDCAD 6-10 CDDBB 11-15 BDACB 第四课时 预习导学 1 ○1 her sadness; becoming a teacher; how much; Not ○2 shaking with cold; by the news; shook hands with 2 been raised； risen； rising；raise； rose 3 burst into; burst into laughter; laughing; out crying 4 ①她早就认识我似的;that ②to be surprised；seem to reach； ○3.at the end of; in the end; by the end of; came to an end 5 ①lay lain ② in ruins destroyed ruined damages 6 One-third, are; Three-fifths, was washed; Half, are made; Most, was; Tens of thousands of , are dancing; ten thousand; 90% / 90 percent ; is ; is; are; ②have hurt; harm; injured; wounded; hurt 7 并不都…… ; Not all the ants go； A 8. ○1 dug into, dig out ②fell into the trap trapped her into ○3 buried the bone in the ground；buried myself in; was buried in 9. the number; was; were 实战演练 I. 1. feeling very excited 2. cooking a meal 3. looking at the sky. II．1. 闪光的不全是金子 2. 不是每个人都同意我 3. 不是所有人/ 人们并不都对名声和金钱 感兴趣。 4. 他们俩并非都参加了会议。 5.. 不是很多人都喜欢音乐。 III. 1. to be a kind man. 2. to know everything，It seems that 3. like years 4. It seems that，I seem IV. 1. were / was 2. don’t care 3. hadn't been watered 4. he had been 5. would say 6.might snow. V. 1. on 2. to 3. in 反馈检测 I. 1-10 AADCB ADBCB 11-15 DACCD II. 1-10 ACBDA CBDAB 11--20 CCABD DBCAA III. 1-5 BADDC IV. BDFAG V. 书面表达 We are going to have an English-speaking contest for senior students so as to improve our oral English. It will be held in auditorium on the 5th floor in the teaching building at 4: 00pm. , June 9th. Those who want to take part in the contest are supposed to come to s ign up at the office of the students’Union before May 25th. All the senior students are w elcome to join in the contest. The first five winners will be given prizes. Please try your b est and get ready in time. Wish you success! The students’Union