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2019届二轮复习语法专题简单句课件(共29张PPT)
2019 届二轮复习语法专题 10-1 简单句 Do the exercises individually, and then check your answers with your partners. Now check your answers 1 At invitations 2 3 4 careful understood 5 traveled introduction 6 英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一: S + V (主+谓) 基本句型二: S + V + P (主+系+表) 基本句型三: S + V + O (主+谓+宾) 基本句型四: S + V +IO +DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五: S + V + O + C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 1. Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 2. The cycle _________ (go) day after day. 3. There ____(be) a number of books in the library and the number of them ____(be) increasing. be made goes are is 1) 主语 + 不及物动词 ; S+ V 2) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ; S+ V + P 3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ; S+ V + O 4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾 + 直宾 ; S+ V + IO + DO 5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 ; S+ V + O + C 6) There be 结构。 考点梳理 英语的简单句五种基本句型和 there be 句型 : 在此句型中,“主语 + 不及物动词 / 词组 ”构成句子的主体部分,不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等,可以有状语来说明。 (1) Class begins . (2) The bomb blew up . (3) His father has gone abroad. (4) We stopped to have a rest. + ( 状语 ) 1. 主语 + 谓语 ( 不及物动词 ) 一些动词既可以作 不及物动词 ,也可以作 及物动词 。 (1) They are playing on the playground. (2) They are playing football . (3) We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted . (4) The good news lifted my spirits . 在此句型中,谓语动词是 及物动词 ,其后必须跟 宾语 才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可由 名词、代词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语 来充当。 (1) She likes English . (2) He stopped writing . (3) They want to go . (4) She knows what to do next. 名词作宾语 动词 -ing 作宾语 不定式作宾语 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语 2. 主语 + 谓语 ( 及物动词 ) + 宾语 +( 状语 ) 一些 不及物动词后面加上介词 就相当于一个 及物动词 ,后面就可以加宾语了。 (1) You must listen to me. (2) He arrived in London yesterday. (3) She is laughing at the crippled man. 由 …… 充当 例句 名词 He has formed the habit of rising early in the morning. 代词 Have you told them anything about the accident? 数词 If you add 5 to 5 , you get 10 . 名词化的形容词 We may find out the unknown by calculation. 可在句中充当宾语的成分 由 …… 充当 例句 动词 -ing (短语) I dislike travelling to work in a very crowded bus every day. 不定式(短语) He refused to attend the medical conference . 从句 I wonder whether I should stay or not . 可在句中充当宾语的成分 此类型的句子,谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个 表明主语性质或状态 的 表语 ,才能表达完整的意思。 (1) He became a scientist . (2) My sister is out now. (3) Dinner smells good . 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + ( 状语 ) be 动词类 : am, is , are , was, were 表示变化类 : become, get, turn, grow, go 感官动词类 : look, sound, smell, taste, feel 表示延续性的动词 : remain, stay, keep Children grow wiser as they grow. His voice sounded strange on the phone. He kept all the money in the bank. My book is on the desk. 常见的 系动词 : (1) I bought John a birthday present . I bought a birthday present for John . (2) I sent my best friend a postcard. I sent a postcard to my best friend . 间接宾语 直接宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 4. 主语 + 谓语 ( 及物动词 ) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 解析 : 当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,需要借助介词 to 或 for 。 动词与“双宾语” give sb. sth./give sth. to sb. 常见的这类结构的动词有: give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant 等 make sb. sth./make sth. for sb. 常见的这类结构的动词有: make( 制造 ), prepare, buy, order, do, fetch, pick, leave, build, post, get, draw, find, reserve, save 等 有些动词后接双宾语时,既 不能用介词 to 引出间接宾语, 也不能用介词 for 引出 间接宾语 。此类动词有 charge( 对 …… 索要 ), cost( 花费 ), ask( 请求 ) , cause( 导致 ) , forgive( 原谅 ) , refuse( 拒绝 ) 等。 He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. (2) This heroic deed cost him his life . 在某些及物动词的后面,需要用一个 宾语 再 加 一个 宾补 才能 表达完整的意思 。 名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语 等都可以作宾补。 I will make you captain . 我将任命你为队长。 (2) His speech left the President in a very different position . 他的演讲使总统处于一个不同的境地。 5. 主语 + 谓语 ( 及物动词 ) + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 +( 状语 ) 宾语补足语结构 常见动词 例句 动词 + 宾语 + to do advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, cause, direct, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 动词 + 宾语 +to be… consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式 feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at 。 We watched the children play games. 解析: 感官动词 等后面既可以接 不带 to 的不定式作宾补 ,也可以用 动词 -ing 形式作宾补 。前者表示 动作已经结束 ,后者表示 动作正在发生 。 难点解析 1. He saw a girl in red get on the bus . 他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩上车了。 2. He saw a girl in red getting on the bus . 他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩正在上车。 试翻译:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 1. He saw a girl in red get on the bus . 他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩 上车 了。 2. He saw a girl in red getting on the bus . 他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩 正在上车 。 The boy was seen to play by the river. 解析: 感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice; 使役动词 make, have, let 等后接不定式作 宾语补足语 时, 省略 to 。但变为 被动 语态时, to 要还原 。 难点解析 He saw the boy play by the river . 将下列句子改成被动语态: He saw the boy play by the river . The boy was seen to play by the river. There be+ 名词 + 地点状语句型表示某处有 ( 存在 ) 某人或某物。 there be 句型遵循 就近原则 ,即 be 动词 要与和它 相近的主语 在 人称、数上 保持 一致 。 6. There be+ 名词 + 地点状语 (1) There are fifty-two students in our class. (2) There is a pen and many books on the shelf. (3) Are there many books and a pen on the shelf? 1. There _______ some books, a ball pen and a ruler on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 2. There is a boy _______at the door. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. is standing 3. —Three-D printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24hours. —It ____amazing. It’s my first time to get to know the news. A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. tastes (1) Multiple choice. (2) Translate and point out the basic sentence structure. 1. 这会省去你很多麻烦。 That will save you a lot of trouble. (S+V+IO+DO) 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. (S+V+IO+DO) 3. 15 岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. ( S+V+O ) 4. 经理要吉姆离开。 The manager asked Jim to leave. (S+V+O+OC) 5. 恰好房间里没有人。 There happened to be nobody in the room. (there be 句型 ) When a man knocked at the door, I was just put on my clothes. So I kept him wait for a while and then I opened the door on him. But there was nobody outside and I was very surprise at that. Somebody really knocked the door just now, but why was there nobody at the door? So I went downstairs to see if he was waiting for me there. What disappointed I was. There was only piece of paper on the ground. I picked up it and read to it, "Come to my house tomorrow, don't you? I have anything to tell you.” (3) Correct the passage. When a man knocked at the door, I was just put on my clothes. So I kept him wait for a while and then I opened the door on him. But there was nobody outside and I was very surprise at that. Somebody really knocked the door just now, but why was there nobody at the door? So I went downstairs to see if he was waiting for me there. What disappointed I was! There was only piece of paper on the ground. I picked up it and read to it, "Come to my house tomorrow, don't you? I have anything to tell you.” putting waiting for surprised at How a will/won’t something picked it up (3) Correct the passage. Thank you.查看更多