【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十二（26页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十二（26页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十二 ‎ [一]‎ My daughter went to see The Wild One recently and she commented that Marlon Brando was wearing jeans so long ago. Of course he helped set the trend, so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion. Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for long. The Wild One is a good example: it appeared in 1954,starring Brando. Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket, leather cap and jeans, he created a look which is still considered “cool” today. Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.‎ Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffany’s, starring Audrey Hepburn. She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffany’s with a pastry and coffee in your hand, as Audrey Hepburn does in the film. She looks so elegant, wearing simple but beautiful dresses, big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck. Audrey Hepburn still influences women’s fashion with her “Tiffany’s look”.‎ In more modern times, the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film Pulp Fiction, made in 1994.Her style was very simple. Her black trousers, crisp white shirt and hair style were copied by women in the world.‎ Influencing fashion trends can often be about timing. The movie Memoirs of a Geisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion. It starred the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi, who wore beautiful silk kimonos(和服),and it won an Oscar for Costume Design. Many travel companies picked up on the trend and ran “geisha trips” to Japan. The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos. It is now quite common to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions, but at various social events. The fashion is also beginning to spread to western countries.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是社会文化类阅读。主要介绍了电影对时尚的影响,并通过具体的例子来证明这一点。‎ ‎5. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Films and fashion B. Stars’ fashion C. Influential films D. Film cultures 答案解析主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Of course he helped set the trend, so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion.”可知,本文通过马龙·白兰度的著名电影The Wild One 引出了电影能够影响流行时尚趋势的话题。接下来列举多部电影引起流行时尚变化的例子,由此可知本文正是关于电影和时尚的。答案为A项。‎ ‎6. Who will people associate Madonna wearing the leather motorcycle jacket with?‎ A. Zhang Ziyi. B. Audrey Hepburn.‎ C. Uma Thurman. D. Marlon Brando.‎ 答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段后三句“The Wild One is a good example: it appeared in 1954,starring Brando. Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket, leather cap and jeans, he created a look which is still considered ‘cool’ today. Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.”可知,正是Brando在电影The Wild One中的机车夹克、牛仔裤和皮帽子的服装创造出一种现在人们仍然认为很酷的时尚潮流,当麦当娜穿上这样的服装的时候,人们会联想到马龙·白兰度。答案为D项。‎ ‎7. What is implied in the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s according to the passage?‎ A. One can be active by wearing black.‎ B. One can be elegant by wearing simply.‎ C. One can be famous by looking perfect.‎ D. One can be stylish by eating at Tiffany’s.‎ 答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“She looks so elegant, wearing simple but beautiful dresses, big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.”可知,在电影Breakfast at Tiffany’s中Tiffany开创了一种简约而优雅的时尚服饰潮流。答案为B项。‎ ‎8. What does the film Memoirs of a Geisha lead to?‎ A. The popularity of the Chinese actress.‎ B. The worldwide reading of Geisha stories.‎ C. The recovery of interest in kimonos.‎ D. The “geisha trips” to social events.‎ 答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.”可知,电影Memoirs of a Geisha重新激发了人们对日本和服的喜爱。答案为C项。‎ ‎[二]‎ Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile”. With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what it was referring to.‎ The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed (有缺陷的) concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with low unemployment record and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?‎ A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.‎ While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.‎ This is a lesson that rich countries can learn. When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.‎ So, what Kennedy was referring to is that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure ,it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.‎ The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出需要考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏,GDP不再“够”用了,它没有包含重要的因素。‎ ‎1.Robert F. Kennedy is quoted because he 　　　. ‎ A. praised the UK for its GDP B. identified GDP with happiness C. misinterpreted the role of GDP D. had a low opinion of GDP 答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures ‘everything except that which makes life worthwhile’.”可知,肯尼迪认为一个国家的GDP衡量的是“除了使生命有价值之外的一切”。从下文也可以看出作者也认为GDP有许多缺点,所以作者引用Kennedy说过的话来使文章更具有说服力。故选D项。‎ ‎2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that 　　　. ‎ A. the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern B.GDP as the measure of success is widely disapproved in the UK C. the UK will contribute less to the world economy D. policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP 答案　B解析　推理判断题。在第二段中,作者首先表示英国的GDP被许多西方世界羡慕,然后作者反问如果英国现状真如英国的GDP反映的那么好,为什么还会有多达1700万的民众都投票要脱欧。由此可见英国民众认为GDP好并不代表英国社会现状真的好。故选B项。‎ ‎3.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that 　　　. ‎ A. the UK is preparing for an economic boom B. high GDP foreshadows an economic decline C.it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP D.it requires caution to handle economic issues 答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“...,it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.” 可知,GDP 不再“够”用了,它没有包含重要的因素。C项与该句意思相近。‎ ‎4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?‎ A. High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson B.GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health C. Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP D. Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。文章在开头引用了肯尼迪对于GDP的负面评价,并通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出需要考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏,中间各段分析英国GDP表现好,但实际英国社会现状却不好,最后在倒数第三段指出“This is a lesson that rich countries can learn...”故A项适合作为文章标题。‎ ‎[三]‎ Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.‎ ‎“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, ‎ the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr .Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” ‎ ‎【语篇导读】俗话说,好事不出门,坏事传千里。但是研究者们通过跟踪和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等发现,人与人之间更多分享的是那些给人们带来积极情绪的好消息,而不是导致消极情绪的坏消息。‎ ‎1. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?‎ A. News reports. B. Research papers.‎ C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.‎ 答案　A解析　细节理解题。由第一段前四句可知,这些经典的规则主要应用于evening broadcasts和morning papers,由此推出,这些规则常用于新闻报道中。故选A项。‎ ‎2. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A. They’re socially inactive.‎ B. They’re good at telling stories.‎ C. They’re inconsiderate of others.‎ D. They’re careful with their words.‎ 答案　C解析　推理判断题。由第二段Jonah Berger所说的“But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知,当你和朋友们分享故事时,你更在乎他们的反应,你不希望他们认为你是一个不考虑别人感受的人。故选C项。‎ ‎3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?‎ A. Sports news. B. Science articles.‎ C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.‎ 答案　B解析　细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知,人们分享最多的文章是那些关于科学栏目的文章。故选B项。‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B. Online News Attracts More People C. Reading Habits Change with the Times D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 答案　D解析　主旨大意题。通过第一段最后一句引出话题,以及最后一段的概括总结可知,在社交网络中,人们更愿意分享的是传递积极情绪的好消息。故选D项。‎ ‎[四]‎ Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. ‎ I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).‎ For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball—simple, universally available. We passed it,he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on ‎ it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.‎ We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.‎ ‎【语篇导读】生活其实不需要过多的外在物质,只要你专注其中,同样可以让你过得充实、精彩。‎ ‎1. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A. The more, the better.‎ B. Enough is enough.‎ C. More money, more worries.‎ D. Earn more and spend more.‎ 答案　A解析　词义猜测题。由第一段首句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”及该段最后“live more with less”可知,成年人明白越多越好是什么感受,而作者认为拥有的物品很少也能活得很开心,所以答案为A项“越多越好”。B项“适可而止”;C项“钱越多,忧虑越多”;D项“赚得多,花得多”。‎ ‎2. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?‎ A. Saving up for her holiday.‎ B. Raising money for a poor girl.‎ B. Adding the money to her fund.‎ D. Giving the money to a sick mother.‎ 答案　C解析　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“She chose to sell a few larger objects...when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).”可知,女儿之所以同意卖掉自己不经常用的东西,是因为“我们”承诺会把这些钱存入她的学校基金中,女儿将来当医生要用,所以答案为C项。‎ ‎3. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?‎ A. To try out an idea.‎ B. To show a parent’s love.‎ C. To train his attention.‎ D. To help him start a hobby.‎ 答案　A解析　细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this.”可知,作者和儿子玩球的目的在于检验自己“live more with less”想法的正确性,所以答案为A项。‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Take It or Leave It B.A Lesson from Kids C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving 答案　C解析　主旨大意题。作者在文中倡导的观念是“live more with less”,并通过亲身体验去验证该观念是否正确可行,由此可知C项正确。‎ ‎[五]‎ We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.‎ What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual ‎ conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”‎ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn.“ But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”‎ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“ Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.‎ ‎【语篇导读】作者通过建议陌生人之间进行交流引出本文的话题——闲谈,并介绍了闲谈的益处,指出“闲谈是礼貌的基础”。‎ ‎1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?‎ A. Addiction to smartphones.‎ B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.‎ C. Absence of communication between strangers.‎ D. Impatience with slow service.‎ 答案　C解析　推理判断题。第一段描述:我们在电梯里,或在银行、机场排队时,周围满是盯着手机屏幕的人,甚至是与让人不舒服的沉默作斗争的人。故可知,第一段描述的是陌生人之间缺少交流的一种现象。故选C项。‎ ‎2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?‎ A. Showing good manners.‎ B. Relating to other people.‎ C. Focusing on a topic.‎ D. Making business deals.‎ 答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句可知,成功的闲谈的关键是学习如何与他人取得联系,而不仅仅是交流,故选B项。‎ ‎3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?‎ A. It improves family relationships.‎ B. It raises people’s confidence.‎ C. It matters as much as a formal talk.‎ D. It makes people feel good.‎ 答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的“significantly higher positive feelings”可知,在咖啡店,与服务员进行简短的交流,会让你有很显著的愉快的情绪和更好的咖啡馆体验,也就是说,你的心情会很好,故选D项。‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence 答案　C解析　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,文章以陌生人之间几乎无交流的现象引出本文主题——闲谈,紧接着通过实例介绍了闲谈的好处,故C项最适合作本文标题。‎ ‎[六]‎ For so long, failure has been pictured as something negative, something to be ashamed of and something to be kept as a secret. But a Swedish psychologist, Samuel West, has decided to put our worst fears on the table. He is opening a museum—the Museum of Failure—in Helsingborg, Sweden, this June.‎ Instead of showing successes, as museums usually do, the Museum of Failure will display over 60 “failed” products from big-name companies such as Nokia, Apple and Coca-Cola. “I really hope you see that these mega-brands that everybody respects, screw up too,” West told The New York Times. “I hope that makes you feel less nervous about learning something new.” ‎ West’s opinion isn’t a new one. Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” And this idea has been embraced by lots of companies in the US. Silicon Valley, for example, is the home of some of the world’s most creative companies, yet its slogan turns out to be, quite surprisingly, “Fail fast; fail often.”‎ However, there are reasons for this. “The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace out-of-the-box thinking, and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens,” wrote Simon Casuto of Forbes.‎ But some people are skeptical of this so-called “culture of failure”. They are worried that if failure becomes “a symbol of honor”, as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure. This may push people to care too little and try too little.‎ ‎“Sometimes people hide behind failure, when they could have prevented it,” wrote Anna Isaac of The Telegraph.‎ So it’s important that you set apart two kinds of failure—the kind that makes you a loser and the kind that takes you forward. The key is whether you’ve learned something from your mistakes.‎ ‎“Learning is the only process that turns failure into success,” West told The Guardian. “If you don’t learn from your failures, then you’ve really failed.”‎ ‎【语篇导读】学习是使失败变成功的唯一过程。如果你不从失败中吸取教训,那么你才是真正的失败了。失败的价值在于你能从中得到教训。‎ ‎1. What does the underlined phrase “screw up” mean in the second paragraph?‎ A. Make a profit. B. Make a mess.‎ C. Make a highlight. D. Make a risk.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“...the Museum of Failure will display over 60 ‘failed’ products from big-name companies such as Nokia, Apple and Coca-Cola.”可知,一些知名的公司也有失败的产品。由此推测,该短语的意思是“把事情弄糟”,所以选B项。‎ ‎2. What message does the slogan “Fail fast; fail often.” convey?‎ A． The more failure, the better.‎ B. Accept failure, and try new things.‎ C. The more you fail, the less success you achieve.‎ D. Failure is more important than success.‎ 答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据上文引用的爱因斯坦的话“A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new(一个从不犯错误的人,一定从来没有尝试过任何新事物).” 可知,要接受失败,并尝试新事物,所以选B项。‎ ‎3. Which magazine shows doubt about the culture of failure?‎ A. The New York Times. B. The Telegraph.‎ C. Wired. D. The Guardian.‎ 答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They are worried that if failure becomes ‘a symbol of honor’, as Wired magazine put it”可知,Wired对此表示怀疑。‎ ‎4. What’s West’s opinion about failure?‎ A. Failure’s value lies in learning from it.‎ B. If you fail, you are a loser.‎ C. It’s not necessary to try to reduce the risk of failure.‎ D. Failure is the key to put you forward.‎ 答案　A解析　推理判断题。最后一段提到“学习是使失败变成功的唯一过程。如果你不从失败中吸取教训,那么你就真的失败了”。由此可知,失败的价值在于你能从中得到教训。‎ ‎[七]‎ Teaching Poetry No poem should ever be discussed or “analysed”,until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, read it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears.‎ All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it—suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read in his or her own voice, on records or on films, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.‎ I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analysing” it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love ‎ poetry. Poetry is “a criticism of life”, and “a heightening of life”. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it can “save your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.‎ I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to communicate this to anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it. ‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章讲述作者作为英语教师,其目的之一就是让学生喜欢诗歌,并会在课堂上留出些时间来让学生听诗歌、思考诗歌。‎ ‎1.To have a better understanding of a poem, one should 　　　. ‎ A. analyze it by oneself B. discuss it with others C. practise reading it aloud D. copy it down in a notebook 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章的第一句“No poem should ever be discussed or ‘analysed’,until it has been read aloud by someone”以及第二段的第一句“All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud”可知,C项正确。‎ ‎2.According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students 　　　. ‎ A.to enjoy poetry B.to become poets C.to become teachers D.to understand life 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.”可知,作为英语教师我们的目的之一就是让学生喜欢诗歌,所以选A项。‎ ‎3. What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?‎ A. The teaching of poetry is more important than any other subject.‎ B. More importance should be given to the teaching of poetry.‎ C. Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.‎ D. One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry.‎ 答案　B 解析　句意理解题。第三段最后一句是指诗歌应该在语言和文学教学中占有更重要的地位。由此可知,应该更重视诗歌教学。‎ ‎4.The underlined phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by “　　　”. ‎ A. provide equipment B. build a school C. set up a house D. leave a certain amount of time 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词后面的“in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it” 可知,此处想表达在课堂要留出些时间来让学生听诗歌、思考诗歌。‎ ‎[八]‎ We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.‎ As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.‎ So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for world processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ ‎【语篇导读】当我们购买了新的电子设备时,我们仍然使用旧的电子设备。其实,旧电子设备耗费的能源比新设备要多,从而损害我们的环境、浪费我们的金钱。‎ ‎1. What does the author think of new devices?‎ A. They are environment-friendly.‎ B. They are no better than the old.‎ C. They cost more to use at home.‎ D. They go out of style quickly.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知,过时的设备要比新设备消耗更多的能源,因此可推测出新设备对环境有好处。‎ ‎2. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?‎ A. To reduce the cost of minerals.‎ B. To test the life cycle of a product.‎ C. To update consumers on new technology.‎ D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt...tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life”可知,Babbitt和她的同事做这项研究是为了发现这些设备所消耗的能量,所以选D项。‎ ‎3. Which of the following uses the least energy?‎ A. The box-set TV.‎ B. The tablet.‎ C. The LCD TV.‎ D. The desktop computer.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%”可知,B项使用的能量最少。‎ ‎4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?‎ A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.‎ C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology...”以及第三段中的“As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones”可知,文章建议人们不要再使用旧的电子设备。‎ ‎[九]‎ Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.‎ While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.‎ According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”‎ The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8,remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading ‎ each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.‎ When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.‎ The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.‎ As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.‎ ‎【语篇导读】调查发现,青少年儿童的读书兴趣大大减少,而且,出于对孩子眼睛保护的考虑,许多家长限制孩子们电子阅读的时间。作者建议家长们借此机会制定适合自己家庭的暑假阅读清单。‎ ‎1. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?‎ A. Children’s reading habits.‎ B. Quality of children’s books.‎ C. Children’s after-class activities.‎ D. Parent-child relationships.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun”可知,青少年与年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少,这正是孩子们的阅读习惯问题,故选A项。B项“儿童书籍的质量”,C项“孩子们的课后活动”,D项“亲子关系”,均与题意不符。‎ ‎2. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?‎ A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.‎ C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知,几乎没有阅读兴趣的比例,从1984年8%的13岁儿童和9%的17岁儿童分别上升到了今天的22%和27%。因此,第三段的内容是“children are reading a lot less for fun”的最好的佐证。故选B项。‎ ‎3. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?‎ A.E-books are of poor quality.‎ B. It could be a waste of time.‎ C. It may harm children’s health.‎ D.E-readers are expensive.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句中的“mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知,许多家长限制孩子们电子阅读的时间,主要是因为担心孩子们看屏幕的时间增加,不利于孩子们的健康,故选C项。‎ ‎4. How should parents encourage their children to read more?‎ A. Act as role models for them.‎ B. Ask them to write book reports.‎ C. Set up reading groups for them.‎ D. Talk with their reading class teachers.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句中的“parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading”可知,父母是孩子阅读时的榜样和重要的指导者,故选A项。‎ ‎[十]‎ According to a historian, uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students. Statistical reports state that only 15% of primary schools and around 10% of secondary schools in the United States have strictly carried out the uniform policy.‎ In recent times it has become the most debated topic among parents and educators, with many critics stating the fact that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student nor does it considerably reduce inequality among the masses. Students are instructed to follow certain rules. For boys, pants, shirts with turtlenecks, sweaters and jackets are acceptable, while in some schools, shorts are strictly forbidden; similarly, for girls, long skirts, blouses, pants and flat-heeled shoes are acceptable.‎ School uniforms in other countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, India and Pakistan were introduced during the British colonial period. In these countries, girls in senior schools usually wear broad trousers and boys wear pants and shirts. In preschool though, girls wear skirts and blouses and boys wear short pants and shirts. In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect, the uniform system was followed in the public school system. The dress sense closely resembled that of the English students.‎ The purpose of a school uniform is to promote team spirit, discipline and increase equality among all students. Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section, critics have a different ‎ story to say. According to them, uniforms have no such great effect on students. This standardized dress has not helped students remove any barriers and is adding costs to the parents.‎ In many countries, though students’ wearing uniforms has produced some positive results, in the United States, the implementation(实施)requires a lot of efforts before we can achieve full success.‎ ‎【语篇导读】通过介绍美国目前校服的普及情况,作者描述了校服的作用,最后指出在某些国家,如美国,校服制度的实施还需要努力。‎ ‎1. What does the underlined word “masses” in the second paragraph refer to?‎ A. Schools. B. Parents.‎ C. Students. D. Teachers.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据该词上文的“that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student”和下文的“Students are...rules.”可知此处指的是学生。‎ ‎2. What can we know about the uniform system in Australia according to Paragraph 3?‎ A. The uniform system in the public school follows Britain.‎ B. The Australian students dress more casually.‎ C. The uniform system is the same as that in New Zealand.‎ D. Most Australian students wear school uniforms.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect, the uniform system was followed in the public school system.”可知,澳大利亚的公立学校的校服制度是仿效英国的。‎ ‎3. What’s the intention of school uniforms at first?‎ A. To encourage students to be more diligent.‎ B. To improve students’ academic achievement.‎ C. To prevent students fighting with each other.‎ D. To promote the equality among students.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。从文章第一段中的“According to a historian, uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students.”可知,穿校服最初的目的是防止学生之间打架。‎ ‎4.What’s the attitude of the critics towards school uniforms?‎ A. Supportive. B. Neutral.‎ C. Negative. D. Factual.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section, critics have a different story to say. According to them, uniforms have no such great effect on students.”可知,评论家们对于校服的态度是消极的。‎