高考英语一轮总复习Unit3Scienceandnature同步练习牛津译林版必修5 2

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高考英语一轮总复习Unit3Scienceandnature同步练习牛津译林版必修5 2

Unit 3 Science and nature 对应学生用书p84‎ 项目 内 容 核心单词 单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)‎ ‎1.Our       (起初的) planwastogotoSpain,butitwastooexpensive.‎ ‎2.Hepreferstobeasurgeonratherthana       (内科医生).‎ ‎3.Don'tblameherforthat.Shehasno       (意图) ofhurtinganyonehere.‎ ‎4.Thebossshouldtakeinto       (考虑) whatwillbegoingoninthecompany.‎ ‎5.The       (实际的) costwasmuchhigherthanwehadexpected.‎ ‎6.Ifyoua      ournewplan,youwillhavemoretimelefttotakecareofyourfamily.‎ ‎7.Youcangetplentyofvaluableinformationfromsomer      sources.‎ ‎8.Theyshowgreata      concerningtheirretirementallowance.‎ ‎9.Thereisverylittlep      insellingnewspapersatpresent.‎ ‎10.Whenhisuncledied,Jackbecamehisl      successor.Hebecameamillionaire.‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎1.original 2.physician 3.intention 4.consideration 5.actual 6.adopt 7.reliable 8.anxiety 9.profit 10.legal 词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1.Supportforintercountry      isparticularlystronginAmerica,whereparents      ‎ 22‎ moreforeignchildrenthanalltherestoftheworld.(adopt)‎ ‎2.An      manmaynotknowthat      comesfromnotbeingabletoadapthimselfinhisownexistence.(anxious)‎ ‎3.Asisknowntoall,the      thingsshouldbeprotectedandanything      mustbebanned.(legal)‎ ‎4.Nooneknowsforcertainthe      ofthecustom.Weonlyknowthecustomisstillinits      condition.(origin)‎ ‎5.Asurvey      byawebwww.MusicAdvisershowsthe      ofabandisincreasinglypopularwiththeyoungpeople.(conduct)‎ ‎6.Withthe      ofbecomingfamousandrich,manyordinarypeople      totakepartinsomeTVshows,suchastheVoiceofChina,whichis      tofindgoodsingers.(intend)‎ ‎7.Your      isright.      fromhislook,hemustbeangrywithus.Butwecan't      apersononlybyhis/herappearance.(judge)‎ ‎8.Theoldman      hisdaughterinlaw      becauseshealwaystakeseverythinginto      whenshedealswithfamilyaffairs.(consider)‎ ‎9.Mycousinisa      personandyoucan      onitthathecanhelpyou.(rely)‎ ‎10.      ,myfatherisnotaworker.His       identityisapolicemansearchingfordrugsinYunnanfrontier.(actual)‎ ‎11.Marywastoo      totellherfamilythe      scenebecauseit      hertodeath.(frighten)‎ ‎12.Herfatherwouldnot      hertodrivealoneeventhoughshehadgotherdriving      .Withoutherfather's      ,shehadtogooutbybusoronabike.(permit)‎ ‎[答案]‎ 22‎ ‎1.adoption;adopt 2.anxious;anxiety 3.legal;illegal 4.origin;original 5.conducted;conductor 6.intention;intend;intended 7.judgment;Judging;judge 8.considers;considerate;consideration 9.reliable;rely ‎10.Actually;actual 11.frightened;frightening;frightened 12.permit;permit;permission 重点短语,汉译英 ‎1.一方面                      2.把……当儿戏;玩弄            ‎ ‎3.供出售,待销售      4.准备就绪    ‎ ‎5.几天前   6.公共关系   ‎ ‎7.观点   8.指出   ‎ ‎9.效仿某人   10.耗尽体力,累垮   ‎ ‎11.认真考虑   12.努力推进   ‎ ‎13.支持,赞同   14.以……为目的或意图   ‎ ‎15.就……个人而言   16.满足某人要求   ‎ ‎17.对……进行评价   18.完全同意   ‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎1.ontheonehand/foronething 2.toywith 3.forsale 4.put...inplace 5.theotherday 6.publicrelations ‎7.pointofview 8.pointout 9.followinone'sfootsteps 10.be/getburntout 11.take...intoconsideration 12.pushaheadwith 13.infavourof 14.withtheintentionof 15.onapersonalnote 16.meetone'sneeds ‎17.commenton 18.incompleteagreementwith 句型操练·背诵与仿写,1.Ontheonehand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluablehumantissues—suchasboneorlungtissue—thatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives.(P42,L24)‎ 仿写 另一方面,很多人却担心,人类如果这样把大自然当儿戏,‎ 22‎ 那我们就可能面临无法估计的严重后果。‎ ‎        ,manypeopleareafraid      ifmankind                ,wemay                               .‎ ‎2.Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.(P58,L78)‎ 仿写 闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金。‎ All      glitters(闪亮,发光)         gold.‎ ‎3.Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodified(GM) food.(P59,L45)‎ 仿写 没有哪个地方像他们城市一样有那么多名胜。‎ Nowhere                                    .‎ ‎4.Fromthepointofviewofsomepeople,weareonlydoingwhathumanshavealwaysdone,usingnaturetomeetourownneeds.(P58,L911)‎ 仿写 根据志愿者的观点,他们只是做了一直想做的事情以满足社会的需要。‎ Fromthepointofviewof         ,theyhaveonlydone                                 .‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎1.Ontheotherhand;that;toyswithnatureinthisway;take/have/face/beonthewaytotakingunexpectedseriousconsequences ‎2.that;isnot ‎3.areplacesofinterestmorethanintheircity ‎4.thevolunteers;whattheyhavealwaysbeentryingtodo (soas) tomeetsocialneeds 对应学生用书p85‎ ‎☆重点单词☆‎ ‎1.adopt(adopts/adopted/adopted/adopting)‎ vt.收养,领养;采用,采纳(议案、意见等)‎ 22‎ Astheyhadnochildrenoftheirown,theyadoptedanorphan.‎ 他们没有亲生儿女,就收养了一个孤儿。‎ Weshouldadopttheconsumers'suggestion.‎ 我们应该采用用户的建议。‎ Mostteachers adoptedhisteachingmethod .‎ 大多数老师采用了他的教学方法。‎ 同/近义词:‎ follow/takein 温馨提示:‎ ‎(构词法) adopt/adapt adopt=ad+opt,词根ad有“做……,加强……”之意。而opt是动词“选择”的意思,它的名词option是我们很熟悉的。合起来就是“做出选择”即“采用”之意。这样就不会把它记成adapt了。‎ adapt=ad+apt,词根ad有“做……,加强……”之意。apt是形容词“合适的”,合起来就是“做点什么使之合适”即“使适应”的意思了。‎ 常用搭配:adapt...to...“使适合,使适应”;adapt...for...“为……改编”。如:‎ Shehadtoadaptherselftolocalconditions.‎ 她必须使自己适应当地的情况。‎ ThisEnglishnovelwasadaptedforthestage.‎ 这部英文小说被改编成了剧本。‎ 必记搭配:‎ adoptmeasures/newmethods/anidea采取措施/采用新办法/采纳意见 adoptaresolution通过一项议案 anadoptedson养子 adoptedwords外来词 ‎2.succeed(succeeds/succeeded/succeeded/succeeding)‎ vi.成功,获得成功;实现目标 I'msureyou'llsucceed ifyouworkhard .‎ 你只要努力,我确信你会成功的。‎ Negotiatorshavenotyetsucceededinestablishingaceasefire.‎ 22‎ 谈判者仍未达成停火(协议)。‎ 同/近义词:‎ achieve/accomplish 温馨提示:‎ successn.成功 successfuladj.成功的 succeedindoingsth.=managetodosth.‎ ‎=was/wereabletodosth.成功地做了困难的事 Janetisdeterminedto beasuccess inwhateverfieldshechooses.‎ 珍妮特下定决心,不管自己选择什么行业都要做个成功者。‎ Wereyousuccessfulinpersuadinghimtochangehismind?‎ 你成功地劝服他改变主意了吗?‎ 必记搭配:‎ succeedinsth./doingsth.成功地做了某事 ‎3.majority(pl.majorities)‎ n.[C,U] 大部分,大多数,超过半数 ThemajorityofpeopleseemtopreferTVtoradio.‎ 多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。‎ Whentheleaderspokeouthisplan,themajorityofthemembersintheorganizationwereagainstit.‎ 当领导讲出他的计划时,这个组织的大多数成员持反对意见。‎ 同/近义词:‎ mass/most 反义词:‎ minority 温馨提示:‎ majority强调整体时,动词用单数;若强调团体中的每一份子,则动词用复数。‎ 例如:Themajoritywas/wereinfavouroftheproposal.‎ majority常与of连用,themajorityof后可接不可数名词,也可接复数名词,谓语动词形式与of后面的名词相一致。‎ 22‎ Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.‎ 大部分的损害很容易修复。‎ Themajorityofteachersareyoungmen.‎ 大多数的教师是年轻人。‎ 必记搭配:‎ beinthe/amajority占大多数 by/withamajorityof以……的多数票 语法填空:‎ ‎①Itisreportedthatthemajorityofyoungpeople      (be) unwillingtotakelowincomejobs.‎ ‎②Inthegeneralpopulation,righthandedpeopleare      themajority.‎ 完成汉译英:‎ ‎③他以80票的优势赢得了该席位。‎ Hewontheseat        80votes.‎ ‎④大多数人支持禁烟。‎ ‎          infavourofbanningsmoking.‎ ‎[答案与解析]‎ ‎①are。考查主谓一致。句意:据报道,大部分的年轻人不愿意接受收入低的工作。空处的主语为themajorityofyoungpeople,为复数概念,故此处谓语动词应用复数形式。‎ ‎②in。句意:在一般人中,惯用右手的人占大多数。inthemajority,意为“占大多数”。‎ ‎③by/withamajorityof ④Themajorityis/are ‎4.consequence(pl.consequences)‎ n.结果,后果;重要性,影响 Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences.‎ 由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。‎ Don'tworry.It'sofnoconsequence.‎ 别担心,这无关紧要。‎ 同/近义词:‎ result/effect/outcome 22‎ 必记搭配:‎ answerfortheconsequences对后果负责 inconsequence因此,结果(=asaconsequence=asaresult)‎ in(asa) consequenceof因为,由于(=becauseof=asaresultof)‎ ‎5.favour n.偏爱,偏袒;赞同,支持;恩惠,帮助 CouldyoudomeafavourandpickupTomfromschooltoday?‎ 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接汤姆吗?‎ Theexchangerateisinourfavouratthemoment.‎ 目前汇率对我们有利。‎ 同义词:‎ prefer 必记搭配:‎ dosb.afavour/doafavourforsb.帮某人忙 askafavourofsb.请某人帮忙 insb.'sfavour对某人有利 infavourof支持,赞同 完成句子:‎ ‎①Onawhole,I’m         theproposaltoputoffthemeeting.‎ 总的来说,我支持这个推迟会议的建议。‎ ‎②Willyou         andlendmetheEnglishdictionary?‎ 你能不能帮个忙把英语词典借给我?‎ ‎③Iwouldliketo           ifitisn'ttoomuchtrouble.‎ 如果不是太麻烦的话,我想请你帮个忙。‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎①infavorof ②domeafavour ③askyouafavour ‎6.frighten(frightens/frightened/frightened/frightening)‎ vt.使惊吓,使恐惧 Ispoketohimkindlysoasnottofrightenhim.‎ 22‎ 我和蔼地对他说话,为的是不使他害怕。‎ Sorry,Ididn'tmeantofrightenyou.‎ 对不起,我没有吓唬你的意思。‎ 同义词:‎ terrify/scare 必记搭配:‎ frightensb.intodoingsth.吓得某人做……‎ frightensb.outofdoingsth.吓得某人不做……‎ frightenaway吓跑,吓走 befrightenedat/by对……害怕 befrightenedtodosth.不敢去做某事 befrightenedofdoingsth.害怕做某事 ‎【运用提升】‎ Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词或短语填空。‎ ‎1.Thisistheattitudethateveryoneshould      (adapt/adore/adopt) towardsthefrustrations.‎ ‎2.Wehavealready      (succeededin/wonfor/hadvictoryto) workingoutgroundruleswiththatcompany.‎ ‎3.Whentheheadteacherannouncedhisplanforaspringouting,the      (majority/most) ofthestudentsintheclass      (were/was/did) forit.‎ ‎4.Thefactoryneartheseasidewascloseddownasa      (summary/consequence/conclusion) oftheterriblybadmanagementandfundshortage.‎ ‎5.Mymomwasagainstmysuggestionofspendingthevacationinthemountainswhilemydadwas      (inhonourof/infavourof/insearchof) it.‎ ‎[答案与解析]‎ ‎1.adopt。adapt使适应,使适合;adore敬仰,爱慕;adopt采用,收养。句意:这是每个人面对挫折时应该采取的态度。‎ ‎2.succeededin。succeedindoingsth.成功地做了某事。句意:我们已经成功地与那家公司确定了基本规则。‎ ‎3.majority 22‎ ‎;were。most的用法通常为“mostofthe+复数名词”或“most+复数名词”,固定短语befor表示“支持,赞成”。注意:themajorityof后跟复数名词做主语,谓语动词用复数;若themajority单独做主语,谓语动词用单复数皆可。‎ ‎4.consequence。asaconsequenceof因为,由于。句意:海边的那家工厂因为管理混乱和资金短缺关闭了。‎ ‎5.infavourof。句意:妈妈反对去山区度假的建议,而爸爸却赞成。inhonourof为了纪念;infavourof支持,赞同;insearchof寻找。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子。‎ ‎1.Thelittlegirlwasreally         walkinghomealoneinthedark.(frighten)‎ 小女孩真的很害怕一个人在黑暗中走回家。‎ ‎2.Sincethechangeofthebrandname,theproducthasgained              before.(profit)‎ 自从商标改变以来,产品获利是以前的两倍。‎ ‎3.Ihopedthattheproposal         withlocalresidents.(favour)‎ 我希望这个提议会得到当地居民的支持。‎ ‎4.Interestingly,thesolution          wasthesame.(adopt)‎ 有趣的是,这两个国家采取的解决办法是一样的。‎ ‎[答案与解析]‎ ‎1.frightenedof。befrightenedofdoing害怕做某事。‎ ‎2.twiceasmuchprofitas ‎3.will/wouldgainfavour ‎4.adoptedbythetwocountries ‎☆核心短语☆‎ ‎1.根据个人的观点     on apersonalnote Onapersonalnote,learningEnglishisastepbystepprocessandthereisnoshortcut.‎ 就个人而言,学习英语是一个循序渐进的过程,没有捷径。‎ 照某人看来      in one'sopinion 就某人而言     on one'spart 据我所知  asfaras Iknow 22‎ 就……而言  asfaras...beconcerned ‎ ‎2.指出        point out ‎ TheywalkedintothecarparkandCookpointedouthisnewcar.‎ 他们走进停车场,库克指出了他的新车。‎ 指着        point at ‎ 指向 point to ‎ 切中要点  tothe point 偏离要点  offthe point 就要做……之时  at/onthepointofdoingsth. ‎ 做……没有意义  thereisno point (in) doing ‎ 谈正题  come tothepoint ‎3.一方面       on theonehand OntheonehandIwanttosellthehouse,butontheotherhandIcan'tbearthethoughtofmoving.‎ 一方面我想把房子卖掉,但另一方面我又不愿搬家。‎ 另一方面        ontheother hand 在手边  at hand 第一手,亲自  atfirst hand 第二手,间接地  atsecond hand 用手工(做的)  by hand/withone'shand(s)‎ 和某人握手  shake hands withsb. ‎ 帮某人忙  give/lendsb.a hand 分发,散发 hand out ‎ 上交,递交 hand in ‎ 传下来,流传 hand down ‎ 手拉手 hand in hand ‎4.把……当儿戏;玩弄       toy with Youshouldn'ttoywithgreatissues.‎ 22‎ 你不该拿重大问题当儿戏。‎ 与……冲突,抵触       conflict with ‎(偶尔)遇见;碰到;遭受  meet with 同意,和……意见一致  agree with 与……相联合  combine with 处理,对付;论述,涉及  deal with 处理;对待  do with 与……相比  compare with 以……装备  equip with 以……结束  end with 以……开始  begin with ‎【运用提升】‎ Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词或短语填空。‎ ‎1.As      (long/soon/far) asIknow,theyhavegoneabroadforfurthereducation.‎ ‎2.Thereisno      (concern/point/favour) inaskingTonyforadvice,forheknowsnothingaboutit.‎ ‎3.Hewaswarnednotto      (compare/connect/toy) withwhatothersexpectedofhim.‎ ‎4.I'dliketotakeavacationthissummer,but      (ontheotherhand/bytheway/what'smore),Idon'twanttomisstheconferenceinmidJuly.‎ ‎[答案与解析]‎ ‎1.far。asfarasIknow据我所知。‎ ‎2.point。考查固定句型。句意:征求Tony的建议是毫无意义的,因为他对此一无所知。结合句意可知,Thereisnopoint (in) doingsth.是固定句型,意为“做某事没有意义”。‎ ‎3.toy。句意:他被警告不要玩弄别人对他的期望。分析句意可知,toywith“玩弄”符合句意。comparewith与……比较;connectwith与……联系。‎ ‎4.ontheotherhand。“我想今年夏天休假”与“我又不想错过七月中旬的会议”是矛盾的两个方面,‎ 22‎ 故ontheotherhand(另一方面)符合语境。bytheway顺便说一句;what'smore另外。‎ Ⅱ.根据句意,从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。‎ befrightenedby;followinone’sfootsteps;toywith;‎ tothepoint;infavorof;forsale;concentrateon;‎ ingeneral;beadaptedfor;handin ‎1.NotsatisfiedwithJohn’sacademicperformance,hisfathertoldhimto      hisstudy.‎ ‎2.Thesebicyclesareaccessibletoallresidents,buttheyarenot      .‎ ‎3.Anyonewho      thelawwillpaydearlyforhisstupidbehaviorsoonerorlater.‎ ‎4.Italkedtomyfriend,andhewas      givinguptheplan.‎ ‎5.Theseteachingmaterialscan      olderchildren.‎ ‎6.Hedoesn'ttalktoomuchbutwhathehastosayisprecisely      .‎ ‎7.Theysaythey’retryingtoraiseawarenessabouttheenvironment      andairpollutioninparticular.‎ ‎8.I'msupposedto      mypapertotheprofessornextweek.‎ ‎9.Atanytime,weshouldnot      thedifficultiesinfrontofus.‎ ‎10.Heisadoctorandexpectshissonto      .‎ ‎[答案与解析]‎ ‎1.concentrateon。句意:父亲因为对约翰的学习成绩不满意,所以叫他集中精力学习。分析句意可知,concentrateon“集中……”符合句意。‎ ‎2.forsale。句意:这些自行车是所有居民都可以使用的,但不出售。由“but”可知,前后语意表示转折关系,表示这些自行车是所有居民都可以使用,但不出售。所以forsale“用于出售”符合句意。故填forsale。‎ ‎3.toyswith ‎4.infavorof。句意:我和朋友谈过,他赞同放弃这个计划。表示“赞同……”,可用beinfavorof结构。‎ ‎5.beadaptedfor 6.tothepoint ‎7.ingeneral 8.handin 9.befrightenedby ‎10.followinhisfootsteps。句意:他是医生,‎ 22‎ 期盼儿子继承他的事业。短语followinone’sfootsteps“继某人之后”。‎ ‎☆关键句型及惯用法☆‎ ‎1.‘Iamanxioustohaveachildofmyown,’shesays.‘Idon’twanttoadoptsomeoneelse'schild—ifIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow.'(P42,L2224)‎ 译:她说:“我非常想要有一个我自己的孩子。我不愿意领养别人的孩子——如果有机会,我会马上要一个克隆婴儿。”‎ ‎[if引导虚拟条件句时]‎ 句中if引导虚拟条件句,表示与现在相反的事实。‎ if引导的虚拟条件句归纳:‎ if条件句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 与现在 相反的事实 过去时(be的过去时用were)‎ would+do 与过去 相反的事实 haddone wouldhave done 与将来 相反的事实 ‎①过去时(be的过去时用were)‎ ‎②should+do ‎③were+todo would+do Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.‎ 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。‎ Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。‎ Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.‎ 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空:‎ ‎①IfI      (meet) himyesterday,I      (tell) himaboutit.‎ 22‎ ‎②Ifit      (rain) tomorrow,we      (put) offthematch.‎ ‎③Ifhe      (be) free,hewouldhelpus.‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎①hadmet;wouldhavetold ②shouldrain/weretorain/rained;wouldput ③were 思考:‎ ‎(1)if引导的虚拟条件句可省略if,然后采用倒装结构,你知道怎样变化吗?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎(1)当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。如:‎ Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.‎ 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。‎ Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.‎ 如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。‎ Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。‎ ‎(2)如果主句和if条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时,主句和从句谓语动词形式该如何变化?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎(2)有时候,如果主句和if条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时,主句的动词和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的时间来选择相应的动词形式,这种虚拟条件句叫错综时间虚拟条件句。‎ ‎①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。‎ IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.‎ 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也成为一个工程师了。‎ Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.‎ 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。‎ ‎②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:‎ Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话,‎ 22‎ 我们已经派他去北京了。‎ Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.‎ 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。‎ ‎(3)除了用if引导虚拟条件句外,有时可用一些介词或副词表示隐含的虚拟条件句,你能写出来吗?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎(3)有时候without,butfor,otherwise等词可表示隐含的虚拟条件句。如:‎ Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.‎ 要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。‎ Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。‎ Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。‎ ‎2.Youwilloftenbeamazedtodiscoverthatwhatconfusedyouatfirstmakessenseuponfurtherreadings.(P43,Readingstrategy)‎ 译:你经常会惊奇地发现,经过更进一步的阅读,原来不明白的地方也就弄懂了。‎ ‎[what引导主语从句时]‎ 本句是一个主从复合句,that引导宾语从句,what引导主语从句,做宾语从句中的主语。又如:‎ AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,whatourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.杨利伟成功地环绕地球飞行之后,我们的宇航员所渴望做的事情是在太空行走。‎ what用在名词性从句中,有丰富的语义,在不同的语境中有较活的翻译。‎ ‎(1)表示“……的人”,相当于thepersonthat...。如:‎ Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.‎ 他不是几年前的他了。‎ ‎(2)表示“……的东西或事情”,相当于somethingthat...。如:‎ They'vedonewhattheycantohelpher.‎ 他们已经尽力帮助了她。‎ 22‎ ‎(3)表示“……的地方”,相当于theplacethat...。如:‎ WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。‎ ‎(4)表示“……的数目”,相当于theamount/numberthat...。如:‎ Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.‎ 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。‎ ‎(5)表示“……的时间”,相当于theperiodthat...。如:‎ Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。‎ 英译中:‎ ‎①BusyasKatewasasascientist,shedidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherchildren.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②Whetherothereffectivewayscanbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjustwhatworriesthepublic.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎③Isthecitymuchdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎④Whathesaidsoundedabsurdandnoneofustookitseriously.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎①尽管凯特作为一名科学家很忙,但是她尽可能的去照顾她的孩子。‎ ‎②是否能找到其他有效防止污染的措施正是公众所担心的事情。‎ ‎③这个城市跟十年前大不一样吗?‎ ‎④他的话听起来荒唐可笑,我们谁也不把它当回事。‎ 中译英:‎ ‎⑤你完全不知道我经历了什么。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑥父母应该关心孩子心里所想的。‎ 22‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑦教师应该多了解学生所需要的和感兴趣的东西。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎⑤YouhavenoideawhatIsuffered.‎ ‎⑥Parentsshouldcareaboutwhatchildrenarethinkingabout.‎ ‎⑦Teachersshouldlearnmoreaboutwhatstudentsneedandareinterestedin.‎ ‎3.Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodified(GM)food.(P59,L45)‎ 译:转基因食品就是最好的例子。‎ ‎(1)[nowhere引导的倒装句]‎ 本句以否定词nowhere开头,是倒装语序。‎ Nowherecouldshefindthenecklacegivenbyherhusbandincelebrationoftheirtenthweddinganniversary.‎ 她到处都找不到丈夫为了庆祝结婚十周年送给她的项链。‎ ‎(2)[“否定词+比较级”表示最高级的意义]‎ 句中nowhere...truer...是用比较级的形式,表示最高级的意义。‎ NooneinmyclassworksharderthanJack.‎ 我们班没有人比杰克更用功。‎ 思考:我们常用哪些形式的比较级表示最高级?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎①比较级与否定词连用表示最高级 Ihaveneverheardabettervoicethanyours.‎ 我从未听到过比你更好的嗓音。‎ Nothingcanbemoretiresomethancopyingthenumber.‎ 抄数字是最烦人的。‎ ‎②比较级+than+ 22‎ Juliaistallerthan 朱丽叶是班上最高的。‎ 完成句子:‎ ‎①再没有比这种方式更好的了。‎ ‎           thanthisone.‎ ‎②中国是亚洲最大的国家。‎ Chinaislargerthan________________________________________________________________________inAsia.‎ 英译中:‎ ‎③Ihaveneverreadamoreinterestingbook.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎④Nothingismorepreciousthanhealth.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑤Thiscouldgivehernogreaterpleasure.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑥Wewonnolessthan$500inthecompetition.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎①Nootherway/methodisbetter ‎②anyothercountry/alltheothercountries ‎③这是我读过的最有趣的书。‎ ‎④身体健康是最宝贵的。‎ ‎⑤这使她再高兴不过了。‎ ‎⑥我们在这场竞赛中赢了多达500美元。‎ ‎【运用提升】‎ 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1.IntheUK,      ‎ 22‎ impressedmemostwasthestudentactivity,whereIgotlotsofinformation.‎ ‎2.Ifthepredictionfortheearthquake      (be) moreaccurate,wewouldhavebeenmorepreparedandmanymoreliveswouldhavebeensaved.‎ ‎3.Hadshebeenherefiveminutesearlier,she      (see) heroldfriend.‎ ‎4.ScientistsbelieveNativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand      isnowAlaskamorethan10,000yearsago.‎ ‎[答案与解析]‎ ‎1.what。what在此引导主语从句。‎ ‎2.hadbeen。考查虚拟语气。语境表示假如地震的预测更准确,我们就能做好准备,很多生命就不会失去了。主句使用了wouldhavedone,因此表示与过去实际情况相反的假设,状语从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎3.wouldhaveseen。考查虚拟语气。句意:如果她早到五分钟,她就会看见她的老朋友了。从句将Had提前省略了if,主句用would+havedone表达。‎ ‎4.what。宾语从句whatisnowAlaska“现在叫阿拉斯加的地方”。what引导的从句含有“所……的(东西)”之意。‎ 22‎ 对应学生用书p89‎ Ⅰ.语法填空[黑体部分为本单元的单词或短语]‎ 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Haveyoueverwonderedwhatitwouldbelike1.      (have) aclone?Ontheonehand,thismayseemlikeacrazyidea.Ontheotherhand,breakthroughsinsciencehavealreadyledtocloningandotherthingsweneverwouldhavethoughtpossible. ‎ Theconflictbetweenscienceandnatureformsthebasisofmanyheateddiscussionstoday.Somesaythatscientistsshouldbeallowedtopushaheadwiththeirexperiments,2.      (argue) thathumankindcanprofitbylettingsciencefindanswers3.      ourproblems.Forexample,thoseinfavorofgeneticallymodifiedfoodsaythatitisagreatwaytoachievebothnutritionandgoodtaste,yetstillkeepfood4.      (relative) cheap.Indeed,weshouldtakeintoconsiderationthatfar5.      (few) peoplenowdieofhungerthantheydid50yearsago.Thisispartlybecauseoftheavailabilityofgeneticallymodifiedfoodinmodernagriculture.‎ Thosewhoaremoresuspiciousofsciencesaythereareconsequencestoletting6.      (scientist) experimentwithoutanylegallimitations.In1996,asheepnamedDollybecamethefirstmammal7.      (clone).Manypeoplebelievedhercreationtobeamiracle,butfearsaboutherfragilitywereconfirmed8.      shediedveryyoung.Isitsafetocontinuecloning,whensofarallclonedanimals9.      (experience) serioushealthproblems?‎ ‎10.      yourpointofview,itisalwaysagoodideatowithholdjudgmentuntilweknowmore.‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎1.tohave 2.arguing 3.to 4.relatively 5.fewer ‎6.scientists 7.tobecloned 8.when 9.haveexperienced 10.Whatever Ⅱ.完成句子 22‎ ‎1.Withthedevelopmentofbiologyscience,thescientists             .‎ 随着生物科学的发展,科学家们已经克隆出了人类胚胎。‎ ‎2.Ontheonehand,ithasbroughthopetothefamilywhohasanintentionof           ,and          ,italsohasbroughtpeople________________________________________________________________________.‎ 一方面,这给打算收养孩子的家庭带来了希望,另一方面,也给人们带来了一些焦虑。‎ ‎3.Somepeoplebelieve      humanembryosiswrongandnot      .‎ 有些人认为克隆人类胚胎是不对的、违法的。‎ ‎4.Theyare      nature,whichislikely           .‎ 他们把自然当儿戏,有可能会造成巨大灾难。‎ ‎5.Themajorityofpeopleare              animalsandplantstoprofitmankind.‎ 大多数人支持克隆动植物,以造福人类。‎ ‎6.Butwhenscientistsare         cloningtechnology,theyshouldtake          intocareful      .‎ 但科学家在努力推进克隆技术时,应该认真考虑其后果。‎ ‎[答案]‎ ‎1.haveclonedthehumanembryo ‎2.adoptingababy;ontheotherhand;someanxiety ‎3.cloning;legal ‎4.toyingwith;tocauseacatastrophe ‎5.infavourofcloning ‎6.pushingaheadwith;theconsequences;consideration 22‎
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