2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofstars单元学案（21页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofstars单元学案（21页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4 Astronomy: the science of stars 单元学案 ‎ ‎ 【单元基础词汇语法梳理】‎ I. 选词填空（请从下面的词汇中选择合适的词填入各小题，注意使用该词汇的正确形式。）‎ violent system fundamental exist multiply thus presence harmful puzzle lessen gentle lay ‎1.A _______________film or television programme does great harm to teenagers.‎ ‎2.As her children grow up, she felt her financial burden reduced but her anxieties_____________.‎ ‎3. Even in a highly skilled workforce some people will be more capable and _______better paid than others.‎ ‎4. The___________ problem for young students lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and invention.‎ ‎5.Such kind of problems you mentioned in your speech just now also ____________in our school.‎ ‎6. The Philippine government wants the US to maintain a military___________ in Southeast Asia.‎ ‎7.Although smokers are clear at the _____effects of smoking, they just ‎ can’t resist the temptation..‎ ‎8.It is important for middle school students to ________a solid foundation both in art and science.‎ ‎9.With the help of electronic watching equipment and control ________ , many criminal cases are detected and solved.‎ ‎10.When doing reading comprehension, I was always ____________over some long and complex sentences.‎ II. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ There are a large number of students who take part in various competitive exams every year. Some of them easily deal with the stress of these exams，（1）some on the other hand get anxious when thinking about solving the competitive exam question papers．Some students get so anxious （2）competitive exams that they start to spend sleepless nights （3）(worry) about the coming exams.‎ This makes them uneasy and unhealthy. They feel （4）surrounded with a range of negative thoughts. This plays a （5）role in decreasing their performance and they are not able to give their hundred percent effort. These types of students should understand that exams are not as a punishment for them. It is only a way to judge their knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. If you are one of them who （6）(face)this type of problem, you just need to follow these tips to stay away ‎ from the stress while preparing for competitive exam question papers. Don’t get over anxious: It would really not help you. It brings you away from your target. During this time, you should think about your previous exams that （7）(deal)with in a good way by you. It would help you to overcome your fear of giving competitive exam question papers.‎ Meanwhile, you should try to have a conversation with your parents and friends. （8）(prepare) a time table and sticking to it is another necessity for making sure you score well in competitive exams. You should make a schedule that covers the all （9）(require) aspects (sides) of each and every subject. This will help you to cover the course syllabus (教学大纲) early and also give yourself time to go over the material that you have already covered.（10）, you must also give yourself enough time for entertainment as well, in the right balance.‎ III.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 ‎ The most important reason for having dog toys is to keep the dog entertained while you are away at work or even during home time.______(1). You may see friends or family with dogs that come home to chewed shoes, table clothes pulled to the floor, and other destruction that the dog looks on as just playing with toys._______(2). Chew toys, such as bones and other items, can help them relieve new teeth coming in when they are young as well as help them feel better.‎ You may find that your budget is a concern for new pet toys or certain dog toys. What you need to keep in mind is that dog toys are part of their care, especially for mental health.______(3). You can place an old tennis ball on thick rope to play tug of war with._______(4). The point is no matter what the toy is as long as it is safe for the dog to chew on, you will be providing proper dog care.‎ Some dog toys that you may wish to have for yourself for the proper training and care include a laser pointer, balls, frisbees (飞盘), or squeaky toys.______(5). Most cities require leather belts to be worn when the dog is out for a walk, but it can also help during training. If the dog learns commands and the pressure on the leather belts for those commands, chances are that they will learn to stay at your side even off the leather belts.‎ A．You can find toys around the house they may be willing to play with B. You will also need to buy some kind of leather belts on the market for more active dogs C. They need something to keep their active minds from finding trouble D. You need to walk the stuffed dogs every day.‎ E. Stuffed (full) animals make great chew toys F .But it is impossible for you to choose a proper toy for training.‎ G. Some toys can also be helpful to the dental health of your dog IV. 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误 每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并 在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分 Henry was come from the United States and he had come to London for a holiday. One day he was not feeling well, so he went to the clerk on the desk of his hotel and said, "I want to see a doctor. Can you give me a name of a good one?" The clerk looked at a book and then said, "Dr. Kenneth Grey, 61010."Henry said, "Thank you very much. Is he expensive?" "Well," the clerk answered, "he always charges his patients two pounds for his first visit to him, and one pound and 50 pennies for later visits." Henry decided to save 50 pennies, so when he went to see the doctor, he asked, "I've come again, doctor." For a few seconds the doctor looked at his face carefully without saying nothing. Then he nodded and said, "Oh, yes." He examined him and then said, "Everything's going like it should do. Just continue the medicine I gave you last time."‎ 答案：‎ I.1. violent 2. multiplied 3. thus 4. Fundamental　5. exist 6. presence 7. harmful 8. lay 9. system 10. Puzzling II.1.while 2. before 3. worrying4. themselves 5. Fundamental　6. are facing 7. were dealt 8. Preparing ‎ 9. required 10. However III.1.C 2.G 3.A 4.E 5.B IV1. 去掉come 2.on the desk改at the desk 3.a name 改the name 4. looked at改looked in 5.his first 改their first 6.late 改later 7.asked 改said 8..nothing改anything 9.like改as 10. continue后加上with ‎【单元知识高考试题链接】‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·东北三校二模)‎ ‎ Many people would love to leave their jobs behind and have a lifechanging adventure overseas. They imagine lying under palm trees as the sun goes down.However，life overseas is not always easy，and many are not prepared for the shock of living in an alien culture.‎ ‎ The honeymoon period ‎ At first，for those who actually decide to move abroad，life is an exciting adventure. They enjoy exploring their new surroundings，and life seems like an extended holiday. They don’t mind trying the local cuisine and discovering the local culture. They can even afford to practise their foreignlanguage skills without fear of making mistakes.‎ ‎ Trouble in paradise ‎ In many cases，when people consider moving to another country，they often fail to realize how different life will be. As time goes by，they become frustrated when language and cultural misunderstandings become a daily headache. In this stage，the visitors begin to withdraw from life in the host country and avoid spending time with local people in favour of mixing with others from their own cultural background.‎ ‎ The road to recovery ‎ Gradually，most visitors realize they must accept the differences and not fight against them. This change encourages them to improve their language skills and slowly they manage to do the things they could easily do at home，such as opening a bank account. This newfound confidence enables them to see a side of life which very few tourists get to witness.‎ ‎ Adjusting to life abroad can often be a real problem. The secret to overcome it is to stop trying to change your host country：you will not succeed. If not，you risk losing your dream and having to return to the old life you wanted to leave behind.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。许多人因为喜欢冒险和探索，所以移居国外生活，但文化的差异和语言的不同又使得他们很沮丧，因此作者建议移居国外的人最好能够学好当地语言以适应当地生活。‎ ‎1．Why do people moving abroad feel excited at first?‎ A．They find foreign living much easier.‎ B．They have the necessary language skills.‎ C．They love the adventure and exploration.‎ D．They enjoy meeting people from different cultures.‎ 解析：C　细节理解题。根据“At first, for those who actually decide to move abroad，life is an exciting adventure. They enjoy exploring their new surroundings，and life seems like an extended holiday.”可知，因为他们喜欢冒险和探索，所以会感到兴奋。‎ ‎2．According to the author，what is the main problem many people moving abroad face?‎ ‎ A．Homesickness.‎ ‎ B．Culture shock.‎ C．Health problems.‎ D．Lack of employment.‎ 解析：B　细节理解题。根据“As time goes by, they become frustrated when language and cultural misunderstandings become a daily headache.”以及联系本段内容可知，许多移居海外的人面临的主要问题是文化冲击。‎ ‎3．What would the author suggest people moving abroad do?‎ A．Study the local language.‎ B．Go on holidays frequently.‎ C．Learn how to open a bank account.‎ D．Seek out people from their home country.‎ 解析：A　推理判断题。根据“This change encourages them to improve their language skills and slowly they manage to do the things they could easily do at home，such as opening a bank account.”‎ 以及最后一段可知，作者建议移居海外的人学习当地的语言来面对这些挑战。‎ B ‎(2018·内蒙古四校统一测试)‎ Several decades ago, educators in the USA began to call attention to a national problem: most students leave American schools without the mathematical skills needed for jobs or for higher education. This was especially true for female and minority students. The Educational Testing Service reported that, in an international survey, American teenagers had the lowest math scores.‎ This situation has been defined as “innumeracy”， or the inability to grasp the basic idea of mathematics. Mathematicians, teachers, and scientists were alarmed by these findings. They looked for the reasons and decided that, in addition to poor education, there are many psychological blocks.‎ Embarrassment about not knowing math can lead to fear in the classroom. Fear can lead to silence because students do not want to draw attention to their lack of knowledge. As a result, those students fall further and further behind. Low_visibility_in_the_classroom_has_not_always_been_recognized_as_a_silent_call_for_help.‎ Math educators decided to try to change that. Math reform is beginning with the educators themselves. Teachers are now being trained to recognize and to help students work through “math anxiety” — the roadblock on their way to gaining competence in mathematics. In addition, math textbooks are being updated to help students understand that math is not a sort of foreign language of numbers. Math is a tool that helps us to analyze patterns and structures, and to discover relationships.‎ Traditional computing skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are still being taught, of course. However, there is added emphasis on logical thinking and creative problem solving, to which there may be several equally valid solutions.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文讲述了美国学生无法掌握数学基本概念的现象、原因及相应的对策。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined sentence probably mean?‎ A．Students with low scores fear to ask their teachers for help.‎ B．Poor equipment in classrooms limits teens' chances to learn.‎ C．Math anxiety, hardly noticed, is actually a silent call for help.‎ D．Poorsighted students can't see clearly, which is a silent call for help.‎ 解析：C　句意理解题。根据上下文及画线句前面的“Embarrassment about not knowing math can lead to fear in the ‎ classroom. Fear can lead to silence because students do not want to draw attention to their lack of knowledge”可知，学生会因自己不懂某些数学知识感到尴尬，而这又会使他们产生恐惧心理，恐惧可能导致沉默，因为学生不想让人注意到自己知识匮乏，相应地，老师也就会忽略学生这方面的不足，由此可知，C项最能传达该画线句的含义。‎ ‎5．Which may lead to American students' innumeracy?‎ A．The methods of teaching.‎ B．The difficulty of math itself.‎ C．Students' lack of interest in math.‎ D．Schools' not attaching enough value to it.‎ 解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“in addition to poor education”及第四段的内容尤其是“Math reform is beginning with the educators themselves. Teachers are now being trained to recognize and to help students... gaining competence in mathematics”可知，教学方法可能是美国学生不能掌握数学基本概念的原因。‎ ‎6．What may be discussed in the following paragraph?‎ A．What to be taught in America's revised math programs.‎ B．How to make math reform actually benefit American students.‎ C．How to improve teens' logical thinking and problem solving abilities.‎ D．Why traditional computing skills are necessary in mathematics education.‎ 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“there is added emphasis on logical thinking and creative problem solving, to which there may be several equally valid solutions”可知，文章接下来可能会陈述有关怎样提高学生的逻辑思维能力及创造性地解决问题的能力方面的内容，故选C。‎ ‎7．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Mathematic skills needed for higher education.‎ B．The features of America's mathematics education.‎ C．Improvements in mathematics education in the US.‎ D．The importance of mathematics education in the US.‎ 解析：C　考查主旨要义。通读全文可知，本文作者就美国学生无法掌握数学基本概念的现象、原因及相应的对策进行了陈述，故C项最能概括文章的主要内容。‎ C ‎(2018·东北三校二模)‎ For generations, students were taught to stretch before playing games. Then the practice fell out of favor. Studies seemed to show that ‎ such stretching temporarily reduces muscular power, weakens athletic performance and increases the risk of injury. So most fitness experts currently advise against stretches before exercise. But now a new research indicates that they might not be such a bad idea after all.‎ This month, the journal, Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism (APNM), published a study by four distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200 studies of how stretching affects the following exercise. In broad terms, they found that stretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power. So if you reach for your toes and hold that position, tightening your hamstrings (腿筋), you might not then be able to leap as high or start a dash as forcefully as you don't stretch.‎ Those undesirable effects were generally found, however, only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active, with no further warmup. “Outside the lab, most people are unlikely to hold a warmup stretch for longer than about 30 seconds，” Dr. McHugh, the coauthor of the study says. The review found few lasting negative impacts from these short stretches, especially if the volunteers followed that stretching with several minutes of jogging or other basic warmup movements. In fact, these short stretches turned out to have a positive effect.‎ Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not necessarily，” Dr. McHugh says. “Runners and cyclists don't have much risk for acute muscle injuries.” Stretching before these activities is unlikely to protect against injury. Runners and cyclists can adequately warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly. But he suggests that people who play basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance. Those who haven't stretched since childhood gym class might want to consider consulting an athletic trainer about the best upper and lower body stretches, particularly for the shoulders and hamstrings.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。运动前是否要进行拉伸？拉伸时间的长短需要注意吗？所有的运动都需要提前拉伸吗？阅读本文你将找到这些问题的答案。‎ ‎8．Which of the following statements agrees with most fitness experts?‎ A．Before playing a game you should stretch your legs and arms.‎ B．After attending a match you should stretch your legs and arms.‎ C．It's harmful to stretch your legs and arms before playing games.‎ D．It doesn't matter whether you stretch or not before playing games.‎ 解析：C　细节理解题。由“So most fitness experts currently advise ‎ against stretches before exercise.”可知，大多数专家建议运动前不要进行拉伸运动，C项与专家建议相符。‎ ‎9．According to the new research, people may suffer negative impacts when ________.‎ A．they do stretches after attending a game B．they reach for toes and hold that position C．following a stretch with several minutes' jogging D．dashing immediately after one 60second plus stretch 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Those undesirable effects were generally found, however, only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active, with no further warmup.”可知，身体拉伸超过1分钟，没有进一步的热身运动而立即运动的话，那些不良影响就会出现。由此可推断D项“拉伸超过1分钟后立刻猛跑”是不好的。‎ ‎10．We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A．all athletes should not stretch in advance B．the four scientists published the journal APNM C．it's unnecessary for a tennis player to do warmup stretches D．players ought to have done warmup stretches since childhood 解析：A　细节理解题。由“Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? ‘Not necessarily，’ Dr. McHugh says.”并结合下文Dr. McHugh所举的例子可知，并不是所有的运动员都应该提前做拉伸运动。‎ ‎11．What's Dr. McHugh's attitude toward stretches?‎ A．Concerned.　　　　B．Doubtful.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Objective 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段Dr. McHugh说的话及所举的例子可知，他认为拉伸运动应视情况而定，因此可推断出Dr. McHugh的观点是客观的。‎ D ‎(2018·湖北省武汉市高中毕业生调研测试)‎ Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we can't hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when we're at our best, and when we're at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included.‎ But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流泪) more than a single tear, and even then it's reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things — deaths, breakups ‎ and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.‎ I want to admit I'm a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.‎ See, my dog — and 24/7 companion — was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.‎ It is suggested in the book Adult Crying：A Biopsychosocial Approach that there's certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.‎ In those days after my dog's death, I remember thinking, “I've got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. I've since realised that tears are for everybody; they're not genderspecific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方法。‎ ‎12．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A．Crying is a raw human emotion.‎ B．Crying is an emotion beyond control.‎ C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness.‎ D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness.‎ 解析：A　段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。‎ ‎13．What's the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?‎ A．They cry over different matters.‎ B．They cry at different times of life.‎ C．Women cry more often over deaths.‎ D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy.‎ 解析：D　细节理解题。由题干关键词“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根据第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。‎ ‎14．What did the author think of his crying over his dog's death?‎ A．A sign of strength.‎ B．A sign of weakness.‎ C．Behavior of being womanish.‎ D．A way of reducing emotional stress.‎ 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。‎ ‎15．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．Men, never cry like women B．Men, it's OK to cry sometimes C．Crying solves psychological problems D．Crying explains differences between men and women 解析：B　标题判断题。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合做文章标题。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018·辽宁省部分重点高中第三次联考)‎ When apologizing, chances are that you've uttered the phrase, “I never meant to hurt you.” __1__‎ In a talk, Caroline Myss, a spiritual seeker and researcher, took on the topic of forgiveness and healing. She explained why “I never meant to hurt you” is never sufficient apology, no matter who it comes from.‎ ‎“Picture that person coming up to you and saying, ‘I'm sorry I did this. __2__ And can we just call it a day？’” Caroline says. As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet (和解), that type of apology won't sit well with the person on the receiving end. “That whole little thing — ‘I never meant to hurt you’— that's the thing you can't forgive，” she says. “It goes right to your soul, that sick feeling.”‎ Instead, Caroline says it's important to approach the conversation differently. Ultimately, it's about offering more than an apology. __3__‎ ‎“Let's redo the scene，” Caroline says. “The person comes up to you and says, ‘I need to tell you something. __4__ It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didn't listen. And I now know that my actions redirected the course of your life. This is not an apology. I am confessing (忏悔) my soul to you. __5__ ’” Even saying those words on stages makes Caroline visibly emotional, and she points out that this is how deeply within the soul apologies are supposed to resonate. And that's what heals.‎ A．Here is my apology.‎ B．But it doesn't matter to you.‎ C．I'm asking now for your forgiveness.‎ D．I consciously knew what I was doing.‎ E．But you know I never meant to hurt you.‎ F．It's about sharing a soultosoul confession.‎ G．However, it's not a suitable way to apologise.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文援引了Caroline Myss的话向读者阐明了用“我从没想过要伤害你”来道歉是不够的。‎ ‎1．解析：G　根据下文的内容尤其是“She explained why ‘I never meant to hurt you’ is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it comes from”可知，此处讲的应是用“我从没想过要伤害你”这句话来道歉的不足，故G项“但是，这并不是一种合适的道歉方法”符合语境。‎ ‎2．解析：E　根据本段内容可知，此处是Caroline Myss让大家想象一下有人用“我从没想过要伤害你”来向你道歉的情景，故E项符合题意。‎ ‎3．解析：F　根据上文的“it's about offering more than an apology”以及下文的“This is not an apology. I am confessing (忏悔) my soul to you”可知F项“It's about sharing a soultosoul confession”与之相呼应，表示道歉应该是心灵对心灵的忏悔。下文中的“within the soul”亦是提示，故选F。‎ ‎4．解析：D　根据空后的“It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didn't listen...”可知，此处讲的应该是当时所做的错事方面的内容，故D项符合语境。‎ 易错点拨：此题易错选A项。但A项表述的内容“这是我的道歉”与后面的“It was guilt”相矛盾，且与下文中的“This is not an apology”矛盾，所以A项错误。‎ ‎5．解析：C　根据上文中的“As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet (和解)．..”可知，向别人道歉的目的是获得别人的谅解，故C项符合语境。‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 ‎(2018·山西八校第一次联考)‎ One day, while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer, Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard. Mom agreed that the trees were __1__.‎ Like many other parents, mine were hard to __2__ for, so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something they'd __3__. I also thought two would be even better. I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__ — but all of my siblings (兄弟姊妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees.‎ In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__. We asked my aunt if she'd help us with the “__8__”， and she called my parents __9__ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit. Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__， planning a big holiday turkey dinner.‎ On the __11__ Sunday, we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck. I __13__ as Santa Claus. When we arrived at my parents' house, Dad was __14__ something was wrong first. He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there.‎ When Christmas __16__， of course, we couldn't go to our parents' house emptyhanded, so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year. Almost half a century later, I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big, handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文，涉及家庭关系话题。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。‎ ‎1．A.distinctive　　　　　　B．fragrant C．expensive D．pretty 解析：D　上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“与众不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。‎ ‎2．A.shop B．represent C．answer D．care 解析：A　根据上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姊妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop“购物”。‎ ‎3．A.deserve B．appreciate C．advertise D．imagine 解析：B　根据上文的“Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve“值得，应得”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；advertise“为……做广告”；imagine“想象”。‎ ‎4．A.result B．number C．price D．express 解析：C　根据下文的“but all of my siblings (兄弟姊妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees”‎ 可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。express快递。‎ ‎5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle 解析：A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.frighten B．assist C．surprise D．reward 解析：C　从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮助实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。assist“帮助，协助”。‎ ‎7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened 解析：B　根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze“结冰”符合语境。soften“变软，软化”。‎ ‎8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration 解析：A　根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮助实施这个“骗局(trick)”。‎ ‎9．A.in advance B．in time C．by accident D．on purpose 解析：A　根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。in time“及时”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose“故意地”。‎ ‎10．A.service B．action C．effect D．production 解析：B　根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，随后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action“行动起来”符合语境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投产”。‎ ‎11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen 解析：D　根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。regular“惯常的，有规律的”。‎ ‎12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted 解析：B　根据下文的“the trees into a truck”‎ 可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植”。‎ ‎13．A.dressed up B．passed off C．looked on D．started out 解析：A　根据下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth. off as“把……冒充为……”；look on sb./sth. as“把……当做……”；start out as“以……开始，起初是……”。‎ ‎14．A.delighted B．annoyed C．disappointed D．convinced 解析：D　根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced“使确信，使坚信”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.when B．how C．why D．whether 解析：C　根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。‎ ‎16．A.came around B．dropped out C．turned up D．drew in 解析：A　根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。come around“再次出现，再度发生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出现”；draw in“(白天变得)渐短”。‎ ‎17．A.generous B．additional C．double D．special 解析：C　根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to... with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。additional“额外的”。‎ ‎18．A.even B．just C．once D．still 解析：D　根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。‎ ‎19．A.farms B．trees C．trucks D．yards 解析：B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.congratulation B．gift C．donation D．greeting 解析：B　作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在特别的圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。donation“捐赠物”；greeting“问候”。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2018·福建毕业班质量检查)‎ When Dad told me I was going to take a scuba diver training course，I was really excited.I thought I'd be like those people on TV，__1__(play)with fish.‎ ‎ In the pool，Rob，my instructor，demanded that we do what he did.One of the drills __2__(be)to take our masks off at the bottom of the deep end，replace them，__3__ clear them of water.I wasn't doing that because I couldn't open my eyes underwater or keep water out of my nose.I __4__(terrify)and made excuse after excuse about __5__ I couldn't do it. Rob walked over and said，“Alaya，you don't have to do this if you don't want to.Nobody is forcing you.”Though I said I wasn't going to do it，my __6__(foot)carried me toward the pool.‎ ‎ With my eyes tightly __7__(close)，I dived in and made my way to __8__ other end.The water felt unnatural against my face.I __9__(quick)threw on my mask and started clearing it of water. Rob gave me thumbs up.I learned a big lesson：there is nothing to fear but fear __10__(it). ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作者初次学潜水的经历及感悟。‎ ‎【段意梳理】第一段：作者得知自己要去上潜水培训课很激动。‎ ‎ 第二段：作者最初的下水体验。‎ ‎ 第三段：作者最终学会潜水并有所感悟。‎ ‎1．解析：playing　考查非谓语动词。play和句子谓语thought之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。play和句子主语I构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎2．解析：was　考查动词时态。与上文的demanded和本文的整体时态呼应，此处用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．解析：and　考查连词。根据语境可知，take off，replace和clear是三个连续的动作，故用连词and。‎ ‎4．解析：was terrified　sb.is/was terrified表示“某人感到害怕”，再结合下文的made可知，应填was terrified。‎ ‎5．解析：why　考查连接词。根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，故用why引导宾语从句，在从句中作原因状语。‎ ‎6．解析：feet　考查名词复数。foot是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用复数形式。‎ ‎7．解析：closed　考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构，即：with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词，在句子中作状语。close和其逻辑主语my eyes构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。‎ ‎8．解析：the　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示“另一端”，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎9．解析：quickly　考查副词。应用副词quickly修饰动词。‎ ‎10．解析：itself　考查代词。此处应填代词itself做第二个fear的同位语，表示强调。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·湖南长郡中学模拟)‎ Last summer, I got a parttime job as a waiter. I worked hard and very helpful. Everyone in a restaurant including some regular customer liked me. One day, a foreign couple in their fifties entered into the restaurant. I was happy to have a chance to practice their spoken English. I went up to greet them warm. After I took their order, I told them their food will be served quickly because we Chinese respect the elderly. After heard my words, a look of displeasure appeared on the wife's face. Seeing my confusing look, her husband explained to me the Westerners disliked the description “old”. I apologised to them but realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.‎ 答案：‎ Last summer, I got a parttime job as a waiter. I worked hard and very helpful. Everyone in restaurant including some regular liked me. One day, a foreign couple in their fifties entered into the restaurant. I was happy to have a chance to practice spoken English. I went up to greet them . After I took their order, I told them their food be served quickly because we Chinese respect the elderly. After my words, a look of displeasure appeared on the wife's face. Seeing my look, her husband explained to me the Westerners disliked the description “old”. I apologised to them realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.‎ ‎1．解析：在very前加was　helpful意为“乐于助人的”‎ ‎，and连接两个并列的谓语，根据and前的worked可知，应在very前加was。‎ ‎2．解析：a→the　前面提到自己做服务员，所以restaurant特指自己工作的那家餐馆，其前应用定冠词the。故将a改为the。‎ ‎3．解析：customer→customers　customer意为“顾客”，为可数名词，其前有some修饰，因此应用复数形式。故将customer改为customers。‎ ‎4．解析：删除entered后的into　enter意为“进入”，根据语境可知此处不与into连用。故将into删除。‎ ‎5．解析：their→my　主语是I，此处指“我很高兴有机会练习一下我的英语口语”。故将their改为my。‎ ‎6．解析：warm→warmly　修饰动词greet应用副词。故将warm改为warmly。‎ ‎7．解析：will→would　根据主句谓语动词told可知，从句应用一般过去时。故将will改为would。‎ ‎8．解析：heard→hearing　after为介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。故将heard改为hearing。‎ ‎9．解析：confusing→confused　作者看到那位妻子的脸上显露出不高兴的表情感到困惑不解，此处形容作者，应用confused，意为“感到困惑的”。故将confusing改为confused。‎ ‎10．解析：but→and　句意为：我向他们道歉并且意识到了解文化差异的重要性。realized和前面的apologised是并列谓语，应用连词and连接。故将but改为and。‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2018·山东六校高三联考)‎ 假如你是李华，你想邀请外教Mr.Smith和你们一起去某基地摘草莓，请根据以下内容要点写一封邀请信。‎ ‎ 1.活动时间、地点；‎ ‎ 2.该地草莓的特点；‎ ‎ 3.表达你的期望。‎ ‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎ 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 答案：‎ Dear Mr. Smith，‎ ‎ I am writing to invite you to go to a strawberry base in our city to pick strawberries next Sunday. We are going to drive there，which takes thirty minutes.The cute strawberries，which are one of the specialties of our city，are bright red and taste delicious.So they are popular with many people and sell well all over the country. Most importantly，the air in t he base is fresh to breathe and it is a good chance to get close to nature. We all expect you to go with us. I believe that the tour will be enjoyable and leave you a lasting impression. ‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua