【英语】2018届二轮复习代词核心考点讲与练学案（6页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习代词核心考点讲与练学案（6页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习代词核心考点讲与练 ‎◆代词的分类 代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。‎ ‎◆代词的核心考点 ‎1．人称代词 ‎(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下五种情况：‎ ‎①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。‎ ‎—Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.‎ ‎—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.‎ ‎②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。‎ This is our new car.I bought it yesterday.(用it代替our new car)‎ ‎③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。‎ I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.‎ ‎④在比较级的句子中than，as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me (I)．但在下列句子中有区别：‎ I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.‎ I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him，too.‎ ‎⑤用来表示感叹时，用代词的宾格代替主格形式。‎ Dear me!‎ ‎(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：‎ 在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。‎ You，she and I will be in charge of the case.‎ Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.‎ ‎2．物主代词 ‎(1)注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。‎ ‎(2)one’s own...＝...of one’s own的转换。‎ ‎(3)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。‎ take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg ‎3．反身代词 ‎(1)反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。‎ ‎(2)反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。‎ devote oneself to致力于 dress oneself自己穿衣 enjoy oneself过得快乐 feel oneself觉得身体正常 ‎(3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。‎ for oneself为自己；独立地 of oneself自然地；自动地 by oneself独自地 in oneself本身 ‎4．相互代词(each other，one another)‎ 相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s，one another’s，用作定语。‎ 一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。‎ ‎5．指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)‎ 指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。‎ ‎(1)指示代词this (these)和that (those)的区别。‎ ‎①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that (those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。‎ This is my desk and that is yours.‎ In those days women could not go to school.‎ ‎②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。‎ I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.‎ He hurt his leg yesterday.That’s why he didn’t come.‎ ‎③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。‎ The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.‎ The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.‎ ‎④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍；that用于询问对方；this和that还可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。‎ Hello.This is Lily speaking.Who’s that?‎ Can hard work change a person that much?‎ ‎(2)such和same的用法。‎ ‎①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。‎ Such was the story.‎ We have never seen such a tall building.‎ ‎②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the。‎ The same can be said of the other article.‎ Whether he can do it or not，it is all the same to me.‎ ‎6．疑问代词(who，whom，which，what，whose)‎ 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。‎ ‎(1)who/what ‎①询问姓名或关系。‎ ‎—Who is he?‎ ‎—He is my brother./He is Henry.‎ 询问职业或地位。‎ ‎—What is he?‎ ‎—He is a lawyer/teacher.‎ ‎②what/who 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。‎ What is/are on the table?‎ Who is/are in the library?‎ ‎(2)which与who，what which表示在一定范围内，而who，what则无此限制。‎ I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?‎ ‎7．连接代词和关系代词 连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who，whom，whose，what，which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，由连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that。‎ 关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who，whom，whose，which，that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。‎ ‎8．不定代词 不定代词主要有：all，each，every，both，either，neither，one，none，little，few，many，much，other，another，some，any，no等。还有由some，any，no和every构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every，no只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别：‎ ‎(1)some与any 一般用法：some，any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。‎ 特殊用法：‎ ‎①any用于肯定句表示“任何”。‎ Any child can do that.(定语)‎ You may take any of them.(宾语)‎ ‎②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。‎ Smith went to some place in England.(定语)‎ ‎③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。‎ Mum，could you give me some money？(请求)‎ Would you like some bananas？(邀请)‎ ‎④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。‎ I don’t know some of the students.(宾语)‎ ‎⑤some和any还有副词的词性，在句中可作状语。some意为“大约”，相当于about；而any则表示程度，意为“稍微，丝毫”。‎ There are some 300 workers on strike.‎ Do you feel any better today?‎ ‎(2)one，both，all ‎①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”，其复数为ones；指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself。‎ One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语)‎ This is not the one I want.(表语)‎ ‎②one，ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复。one，ones前面分别可以用：this，that；these，those或the，which等词修饰。‎ Here are three pens.Which one is yours，this one or that one or the one in the pencil case?‎ These books are more interesting than those ones.‎ ‎③both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”。‎ 注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。‎ Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。‎ Neither of us is a teacher.我们俩都不是教师。‎ both不能放在the，these，those，my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.‎ Both the boys are tall.‎ ‎④all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语或同位语，指“全部的；整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用；除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用；与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的，全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。‎ 注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定用none。‎ Not all the ants go out for food.(or：All the ants don’t go out for food.)‎ 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去觅食。‎ None of the money is mine.‎ 这钱一分也不是我的。‎ ‎(3)many和much many和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。much有时用作状语。‎ ‎(4)few，little，a few，a little few和little表示“没有多少”，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示“有一些，有几个”，含肯定意义。另外，few，a few 修饰可数名词；little，a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。‎ ‎(5)no和none no＝not any，表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。‎ 注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。‎ ‎(6)each和every each(各个)，指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语；every(每个)，指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。‎ Each of them has been there.(主语)‎ The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(宾语)‎ We each got a ticket.(同位语)‎ Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调各个个体)‎ Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)‎ ‎(7)either和neither either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词；neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句中作主语、宾语或定语。‎ Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(宾语)‎ Neither boy knows French.(定语)‎ 注意：①either用作副词，意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’t like tea，and I don’t either.(状语)②either与or连用构成连词，意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese.③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not...either”。He can’t do it，neither can I．④neither可与nor连用构成连词，意为“既不……也不……”。Neither he nor you are a student.‎ ‎(8)the other和another，the others 和others ‎①the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other＋复数可数名词”及the others表示“其他的全部人或物”。others及“other＋复数名词”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。‎ He got two books；one is a textbook，and the other is a novel.‎ Five of the pencils are red；the others (the other pens) are yellow.‎ Some are singing；others are dancing.‎ ‎②another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“(三者或三者以上的)另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。‎ This coat is too dark.Please show me another.(宾语)‎ Please give me another book.(定语)‎ 注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。‎ Please give me another ten minutes.‎ ‎＝Please give me ten more minutes.‎ 题组训练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．“It’s a tiring job.I have to work whenever there are dogs at home，and no time to enjoy myself(I)．‎ ‎2．Jack and Tom are good friends and they are in the same class.‎ ‎3．When living overseas in a place where people speak a different language，it can be difficult to make yourself understood.‎ ‎4．I saw Ann in the market；at least，I thought it was her.‎ ‎5．The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than that in any other area of the city.‎ ‎6．To stay awake，he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.‎ ‎7．Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but neither of them wants to，because they have work to do.‎ ‎8．I got this bicycle for nothing：My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)‎ ‎1．Yesterday afternoon，I paid a visit to Mr.Johnson.I was eager to see him，but outside room I stopped.‎ ‎2．Dad lost his job，and as Mom explained，“He was lucky to find one.”‎ ‎3．Mother’s Day is coming.I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t send flowers，so I’m writing to you.‎ ‎4．It is such a great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of who is going to Beijing.‎ ‎5．I knew that they would be worried about because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(代词专练)‎ I can’t believe I made 1.it into San Francisco at last!‎ This morning，I went to the airport by 2.myself (I) to catch my 10：00 a．m.flight.I got there early to go through security.Since I had an electronic ticket，3.which was more convenient，I then went straight to the boarding gate.When I got there，I couldn’t believe 4.my ears—it was announced that the flight was put off for two hours!‎ I made a decision to look at the flight monitors to see 5.if/whether there was an earlier flight to San Francisco.I saw that there was 6.another flight that will leave in 40 minutes，so I ran to the boarding gate of 7.that flight.When I got there，I asked the gate agent if I could get on that flight instead.She said that I needed to stay in the gate area and wait for my name to be called if 8.they had a seat available.So，I waited，and waited，and waited.9.All the passengers were waiting impatiently.‎ The gate agent began calling out names.Guess what？I found 10.nobody was behind me.The last name called was 11.mine.The last seat left on the plane was a middle seat and I usually prefer 12.one near a window，but I was just happy to get on board.I didn’t want my vacation to get ‎ delayed because of a late flight.‎ ‎◆书面表达中代词易错点聚焦 ‎1．主格、宾格混乱 ‎(误)You and us should join hands to do it.‎ ‎(正)You and we should join hands to do it.‎ ‎2．语序错误 ‎(误)I and my family all like playing golf.‎ ‎(正)My family and I all like playing golf.‎ ‎3．称谓指代混乱 ‎(误)Everyone should take an umbrella with yourself.‎ ‎(正)Everyone should take an umbrella with himself or herself.‎