2020届二轮复习特训定语从句课件共36张PPT课件

2020届二轮复习特训定语从句课件共36张PPT课件

高考英 语二轮复习 语 法完全讲解 定语从句 定义 一个从句来充当定语，这个从句就称为“定语从句”， 被定语从句修饰的词称为 “先行词” ，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后面，有时候为了表达的需要，先行词和定语从句也可能割裂开来。 Do you know the man who is standing over there? Those who will attend the meeting must arrive on time tomorrow morning. 分类 关系词的用法 定语从句的引导词称为“关系词”，关系词在定语从句中起到三重作用： （1）连接主句和定语从句； （2）代替先行词； （3）在定语从句中充当句子成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）。 NO.1 关系代词的用法 ① 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，that/who/whom/which可以省略，但是as不可以省略。 ② whose引导定语从句时，可以与of which或者of whom互换。 He lives in a house whose windows face south. (=He lives in a house the windows of which face south. 或者He lives in a house of which the windows face south.) The girl whose hair is yellow is my sister. (=The girl the hair of whom is yellow is my sister. 或者The girl of whom the hair is yellow is my sister.) 关系代词用法注意点 ③ as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词一般被such, so, the same修饰。 He is such a good teacher as we all respect. =He is so good a teacher as we all respect. Lucy wears the same dress as her sister wore yesterday. 注： 1、the same......as “同一类”；the same......that “同一个”。 This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. You should return it to me. You wear the same coat as my mother bought me last month. ④ who也可以用来作宾语，但是当先行词前面有介词时，只能用whom，不能用who。 Do you know the man who/whom your mother is talking with? Do you know the man with whom your mother is talking? ⑤ 关系代词that和which/who的区别 【只能用that的情况】 1.当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, somebody, everything, everybody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody, none时。 You should hand in all that you have. Is there anything that I can do for you? 【只能用that的情况】 2.当先行词被the only, the very（恰恰、正是）, the same, the last修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that he wants to buy. The only that we can do is to give you some money. 【只能用that的情况】 3.当先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级，或者先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。 It is the best film that I have ever seen. He is always the first that comes to school. 【只能用that的情况】 4.关系代词在定语从句中充当表语的时候。 My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. 【只能用that的情况】 5.当先行词既有人又有物时。 I will never forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation. 【只能用that的情况】 6.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the book that you bought yesterday? 【只能用 who/which 的情况】 1.引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which和who。 We don't like the boy, who is always shouting in public. 【只能用 who/which 的情况】 2.关系代词前有介词时，只能用which和whom。 The man with whom my father talked is the headmaster. That is the city in which we lived for three years. 【只能用 who/which 的情况】 3.先行词为人称代词或指示代词时，只用who或which。 He who I met yesterday was a famous actor. Those who can seize every opportunity are more likely to succeed. ⑥ 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个句子时，as和which的区别。 1.as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置更加灵活，as既可以放在主句前，又可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能置于主句之后。 The weather turned out to be very good, which/as was beyond your expectations. As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 2.表达“正如……、像……一样”时，通常用as，而不用which。 She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. Things will turn out to be contrary to people’s wishes, as is often the case. ⑦ “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 1.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which或者whom，并且不能省略。 The writer published many books, most of which are novels. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 2.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词选择可根据上下文、先行词前介词的习惯搭配或根据动词的习惯搭配。 He often recalled the day on which he went to college. It's an expensive car on which he spent one million. He spent four years at college, during which time he mastered English well. Water boils at 100℃, at which temperature it changes to gas. 3 .“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句有时可以转换成“介词+which/whom+不定式结构”。 The poor man has no house in which he can live. =The poor man has no house in which to live. NO.2 关系副词的用法 I won't forget the day when (on which) I went to college. The village where (in which) the writer was born is famous now. The reason why (for which) he was late for school is clearly a lie. 关系副词where引导的定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词不仅可以是具体的地点，也可以是抽象的地点，如：point, situation, scene, case, condition, job, work, stage, instance, environment, surrounding, atmosphere, activity等。 They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other. I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. 关系副词用法注意点 定语从句的其它用法 1、名词way后接定语从句的用法 当先行词是way“方式、方法”，引导定语从句的关系词使用如下表： 2、当引导定语从句的关系词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要在人称、数方面与先行词保持一致。 I, who am honest, never tell lies. 特别提醒： “one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数”；“the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数”。 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that can be seen from the moon. 定语从句关系词的选择 1、辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。 2、分析代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状语，这时选用关系副词。 3、判断定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。 The reason which he gave is clearly a lie. （which作宾语） The reason why she refused him is not known.（why作状语） The night which he spent together with his friends is wonderful.（which作宾语） The night when he stayed in his uncle's family made him at ease.（when作状语） 难点突破 【that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别】 关系代词that引导定语从句时，一方面起到引导定语从句的作用，另一方面在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或者表语，因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的、结构不完整的。 连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后，如news, word, idea, fact, hope, desire, thought等，对前面的名词起到补充说明的作用，连接词that只起到引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分，因此that引导的同位语从句结构和意义是完整的。 The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.