2018届二轮复习非谓语在语法填空中的考查课件（82张）

2018届二轮复习非谓语在语法填空中的考查课件（82张）

2018 届二轮复习 非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查 Welcome to my class 高考语法填空如何考查非谓语？ 2017 天津 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated. 总结：考查 现在 分 词作 状 语 请分析高考真题，总结规律 2017 北京 Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save (save) their valuable time. 总结：考查 不定式 作 状 语 请分析高考真题，总结规律 2016 全国 I 卷 I was the first western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit. My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the pandas. 总结：考查 分词作 语 ; 作 语 请分析高考真题，总结规律 过去 定 宾 动名词 2016 年 全国 III 卷 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create (create) special designs….. People probably cooked their food in large pots, using (use) twigs to remove it. 总结：考查 作 语 ; 分词作 语 请分析高考真题，总结规律 不定式 状 现在 状 2015 全国 I 卷 总结：考查 作 语 请分析高考真题，总结规律 过去分词 定 A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 2015 全国 II 卷 总结：考查 动名词 作 语 请分析高考真题，总结规律 宾 What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment. 2016 课标 I permitted introducing 作定语 作宾语 2016 课标 II to bring 作状语 16 课标 III to create using 作状语 作状语 2015 课标 I conducted living 作定语 作定语 2015 课标 II built using to cool 作定语 作宾语 作状语 2014 课标 I amazing to reduce 作定语 作主语 2014 课标 II being to stop riding 做宾语 做宾语 作宾语 命题解读 1. 考查 to do, doing, done 的 一般式 2. 重点考查非谓语作 宾语、状语、定语主语 3. 考查的动词均为 常用动词 命题趋势 单击此处填加标题 1 2 3 掌握基础语法，不要过细、过繁、过难 备考指南 学会分析句子基本成分 先确定谓语，再确定非谓语动词和逻辑主语的关系 1. 谓语动词 ： 概述： 2. 非谓语动词： 在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 一个句子 当中， 已经存在一个 主句 （谓语动词） , 又没有连词 的情况下 , 还有别的动词出现时 。 非谓语动词使用条件 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 1. 分析句子结构  确定用非谓语动词 确定（逻辑主语 & 语态） 2. 判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用 3. 判断时态 确定恰当的非谓语动词形式 3 steps to go 如何用非谓语的正确形式 ? 动词不定式 to do 现在分词 doing 非谓语动词 过去分词 done 哪些动词后只跟 to do 作宾语 ？ 哪些动词后只跟 doing 作宾语 重难点：如何区分正确使用 to do 和 doing 作宾语 下列动词后 用不定式作宾语 口诀记忆 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 决心 decide 学会 learn 想 want 希望 hope ； 拒绝 refuse 设法 manage 愿 wish 假装 pretend ； 主动 offer 答应 promise 选 choose 计划 plan ； 同意 agree 请求 ask 帮一帮 help. 下列动词后跟动名词作宾语 口诀辅助记忆： 坚持练习不逃避，建议完成少延期； 享受忍受不介意，考虑冒险想象力； 承认过错原谅你。 坚持 stick to 练习 practice 不逃避 escape ， 建议 suggest 完成 finish 少延期 delay 。 享受 enjoy 忍受 stand 不介意 mind ， 考虑 consider 冒险 risk 想象力 imagine ， 承认 admit 过错 miss 原谅你 forgive 。 跟 to do 或 doing 作宾语？ pretend practice look forward to decide mind ask promise stick to 抢 答 跟 to do 或 doing 作宾语？ finish suggest devote oneself to happen fail manage avoid enjoy would like be worth 抢 答 SMILING 真题实战： (2014 样卷 ·5) He went off to his tennis match before I finished ________ (make) them, so he couldn’t have done it. 真题实战： (2014 卷 II·41) I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ______ (be) late for school. 真题实战： (2014 卷 II·46) but he refused _________(stop) until we reached the next stop. 状态 时间 主动 被动 非谓语动词先发生（已完成） 同时发生（在进行） 未发生（将来） having done done/ having been done doing being done to do to be done （ 1 ） _______ from the top of the hill, our house looks like a car. （ 2 ） _______ the dog come over, our friend ran away. （ 3 ） _______ from the top of a hill, and you’ll find the city more beautiful. （ 4 ） _______ more clearly, they came up and got close to it. To see Seen Seeing See see （ 1 ） The question _________________now at the meeting is very important. （ 2 ） The question ________ at the meeting last week is very important. （ 3 ） The question __________________ at the meeting next week is very important. being discussed discussed to be discussed discuss 2. of playing football, he went back to the classroom. 3. with difficulty, he rushed forward bravely. 1. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Lost Tired Faced (face) （ tire ） （ lose ） 有些过去分词源于系表结构，分词已经形容词化，相当于形容词 be lost in; be interested in; be tired of ; be satisfied with ; be excited about; be faced with; be dressed in ； be seated 1. He hurried to the booking office ， only _____________ ( tell ) that all the tickets had been sold out. to do 表示结果 — 表示出人预料的情况或结果，常用 only 强调。 分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的结果。 2. European football is played in 80 countries, ____________ ( make ) it the most popular sport in the world. to be told making 作业统计与分析 3. (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 解题思路： ？ 英语解题助手 7 . ( bury) in heavy schoolwork, most senior three students have no free time to do what they want. 解题思路： ？ 英语解题助手 8. The officer, after (recover) from the shock, began yelling at Sam. 解题思路： ？ 英语解题助手 9. (compete) more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with higher education. 解题思路： ？ 英语解题助手 （ determine) to make his fortune in South America, Mark Twain set off from his home for New Orleans in his teens. 解题思路： ？ 英语解题助手 15. I can’t remember her face but (recall) the incident makes me happy. 解题思路： ？ 16. I knew she need my help, and her smile was enough ( make) my day. 解题思路： ？ 英语解题助手 22. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like (go) for a swim. 解题思路： ？ 2. of playing football, he went back to the classroom. 3. with difficulty, he rushed forward bravely. 1. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Lost Tired Faced (face) （ tire ） （ lose ） 易错题之同类题目拓展： 4 . (dress) in red, she looks beautiful. Dressed be buried in; be absorbed in; be determined to do sth. ; be lost in; be interested in; be tired of ; be satisfied with ; be excited about; be faced with; be dressed in ； be seated 有些过去分词源于系表结构，分词已经形容词化，相当于形容词，这些词常作状语表状态： 如何用非谓语的正确形式 ? 动词不定式 to do 现在分词 doing 非谓语动词 过去分词 done 真题再练 1.(2015 卷 I·68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 因句中已有谓语动词 names ，所以 conduct 应为非谓语动词；又由 conduct a study /survey ( 进行研究 / 调查 ) 可知， a study 与 conduct 是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。 conducted 2.(2015 卷 I·70) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 因在 says 后的宾语从句中已有谓语 arranges, 所以 live 应为非谓语动词；又因 people 与 live 是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。 living 3.(2015 卷 II·61) The adobe dwellings( 土坯房 ) ______ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by… 因句中已有谓语动词 are admired ，所以 build 应为非谓语动词；又因 The adobe dwellings 与 build 是被动关系，加之有 by 的提示，可知用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填 built 。 built 4.(2015 卷 II·64) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ______ (use) electric equipment. 作介词 without 的宾语，要用动名词，故填 using 。 using 5.(2015 卷 II·66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day. 在作表语或补语的形容词后，只能用不定式作状语，故填 to cool 。另外，“形容词 / 副词 + enough to do sth. ( 够 …… 可以做某事 )” 可看作固定搭配。 to cool 6.(2014 卷 I·65) But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work _________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. it takes some time to do sth. 句型，用不定式作真正的主语。 to reduce 7.(2014 卷 I·68) While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 在名词 stories 前作定语，表示“惊人的”，要用现在分词作形容词用，故填 amazing 。 amazing 8.(2014 卷 II·41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ______ (be) late for school. 在介词 (about) 后作宾语，动词 be 应用动名词形式。 being 9.(2014 卷 II·43) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ______________ (disappoint). 因 looked 作“看起来”解是系动词，故作形容词用的过去分词 disappointed 作表语，表示“感到失望的”。 disappointed 10.(2014 卷 II·46) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _________(stop) until we reached the next stop. 表示“拒绝做某事”，是 refuse to do sth. 。 11.(2014 卷 II·47) Still, the boy kept ______ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 表示“继续 / 一直做某事”，是 keep doing sth. 。 to stop riding 12.(2014 样卷 ·3) I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because they’re _____(go). 作表语用形容词，表示“不见了”，故填 gone 。 gone 13.(2014 样卷 ·5)Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure he was in the kitchen earlier. Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished ________ (make) them, so he couldn’t have done it. 表示“做完”是 finish doing ，故填 making 。 making 思路点拨 当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式 (doing, done, to do) 。详见考点归纳。 考点归纳 1. 作主语 (1) 作主语通常用动名词 ( 一般 ) 或不定式形式 ( 具体 ) 。如： ① _________(smoke) may cause cancer, so you should give it up. 解析： 在谓语 may cause 前面一定是作主语，“吸烟可能导致癌症”是一般情况，故填 Smoking ，注意句首第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。 Smoking ②It is clear that ________ (finish) this task will take a long time. 解析： 完成这项任务是一次具体的情况，故用不定式较好，填 to finish 。 to finish (2) 用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。请熟记：如［真题再练］第 6 题 (it takes some time to do sth.) 。熟记下列固定句式： ① It takes me about two hours to finish all my homework every day. 我每天做完所有作业需要大约两小时。 ② It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings. 经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。 ③ It’s very kind of you to tell me the truth. 你真好，告诉我真相。 ④ It’s no use quarrelling about it . We are all in the same boat. 为此事争吵是没有用的，我们处境相同。 2. 作宾语 (1) 在介词后作宾语一般只用动名词。如［真题再练］第 4 题和第 8 题。有的短语中的 to 是介词而不是不定式符号，后面接动词时用动名词，最有可能考的有 6 个，请牢记： be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯做某事 be devoted to doing sth. 致力于做某事 devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 (2) 只能接不定式的动词或短语动词。如［真题再练］第 10 题。以下 18 条考的可能性最大，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记： 汉语意思 英文搭配 1 决定做某事 _________ to do sth. 2 拒绝干某事 _________ to do sth. 3 同意做某事 _________ to do sth. 4 希望做某事 _________ to do sth. 5 计划做某事 _________ to do sth. 6 打算做某事 _________ to do sth. decide refuse agree hope plan intend 汉语意思 英文搭配 7 能够做某事 _________ to do sth. 8 碰巧做某事 _________ to do sth. 9 想做某事 _________ to do sth. 10 假装做某事 _________ to do sth. 11 提出要做某事 _________ to do sth. 12 努力做成某事 _________ to do sth. afford happen want pretend offer manage 汉语意思 英文搭配 13 能够做某事 __________________ to do sth. 14 碰巧做某事 __________________ to do sth. 15 想做某事 __________________ to do sth. 16 假装做某事 __________________ to do sth. 17 提出要做某事 __________________ to do sth. 18 努力做成某事 __________________ to do sth. would love get ready can’t wait try one’s best make an attempt make up one’s mind (3) 只能接动名词的动词或短语动词。如［真题再练］第 11 和 13 题。以下 22 条考的可能性最大，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记： 汉语意思 英文搭配 1 喜爱做某事 _________ doing sth. 2 完成某事 _________ doing sth. 3 讨厌做某事 _________ doing sth. 4 介意做某事 _________ doing sth. 5 练习做某事 _________ doing sth. 6 持续做某事 _________ doing sth. 7 允许做某事 ____________ doing sth. enjoy finish dislike mind practise keep permit/allow 汉语意思 英文搭配 8 承认做某事 _________ doing sth. 9 考虑做某事 _________ doing sth. 10 建议做某事 ______________ doing sth. 11 避免做某事 _________ doing sth. 12 不怕做某事 _________ doing sth. 13 想象做某事 _________ doing sth. 14 想做某事 _________ doing sth. 15 放弃做某事 _________ doing sth. admit consider suggest/advise escape risk imagine feel like give up 汉语意思 英文搭配 16 推迟做某事 _________ doing sth. 17 继续做某事 _________ doing sth. 18 反复做某事 _________ doing sth. 19 坚持做某事 _________ doing sth. 20 忙于做某事 _________ doing sth. 21 某事值得做 sth._________ doing 22 不能忍受做某事 ___________ doing sth. put off carry on keep on insist on be busy be worth can’t stand (4) 接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语动词也必须注意，常见的有 8 组，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记： 汉语 意思 英文 搭配 汉语 意思 英文 搭配 1 停止做某 事 _______ doing sth. 停下来去做某事 _______ to do sth. 2 试着做某 事 _______ doing sth. 努力做 某 事 _______ to do sth. 3 意味着做某事 _______ doing sth. 打算做 某 事 _______ to do sth. 4 忘记做过某事 _______ doing sth. 忘记做 某 事 _______ to do sth. stop stop try try mean mean forget forget 汉语 意思 英文 搭配 汉语 意思 英文 搭配 5 记得做 过某事 _________ doing sth. 记得要 做某事 _________ to do sth. 6 后悔做 过某事 _______ doing sth. 遗憾地 做某事 _______ to do sth. 7 继续做 ( 同一事 ) _______ doing sth. 接着做 ( 另一事 ) _______ to do sth. 8 情不自禁做 某 事 _______ doing sth. 不能帮助做 某 事 _________ to do sth. remember remember regret regret go on go on can’t help can’t help 3. 作定语 要根据与逻辑主语的关系，是主动关系用现在分词 ( 如［真题再练］第 2 题 ) ，是被动关系就用过去分词 ( 如［真题再练］第 1 、 3 题 ) 。若是表示未来的情况 ( 发生在谓语动词之后 ) 或表示“有 …… 要 ……” 用动词不定式，在最高级或“序数词 (+ 名词 )” 后或在 ability, chance, way 等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。如： ① I borrowed some books ________ (read) during my holiday. 解析： 因“阅读”在“借书”之后，即表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填 to read 。 to read ② He told me that he had a composition _________ (write). 解析 ： “有一篇作文要写”，即“有 …… 要 ……” 表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填 to write 。 to write ③Jack, a hard-working student, is always the first ________(come) to school and the last to leave. 解析： 序数词后用不定式作定语，故填 to come 。 to come ④ Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen ________(win) a Nobel Prize in science on Oct. 5, 2015. 解析： 在“序数词 + 名词”后用不定式作定语，故填 to win 。 to win ⑤ Happiness is the ability ________ (make) the most of what we have. 解析： 在抽象名词 ability 后，表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式作定语，故填 to make 。 ⑥ If I were you, I should seize the chance __________ (practise) speaking English. 解析： 在抽象名词 chance 后，表示“做某事的机会”，用不定式作定语，故填 to practise 。 to make to practise ⑦ We found a way _______ (solve) this problem. 解析： 在抽象名词 way 后，表示“做某事的方法”，用不定式作定语，故填 to solve 。 to solve 4. 作状语 (1) 在形容词后作状语用不定式。如 [ 真题再练 ] 第 5 题 (cold enough to do sth.) 。又如 : She wished that he was as easy _______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. (2009 广东卷 ) 解析： 因句中已有谓语 was easy( 系动词加表语构成谓语 ) ，动词 please( 使高兴 ) 应为非谓语动词；在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填 to please 。 to please (2) 作目的状语也只能用不定式。如： Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _______(sell) the wood. (2015 广东卷 ) 解析： 因句中已有谓语 started ，而 sell 前没有并列连词，所以 sell 为非谓语动词；又因“卖木料”是“砍树”的目的，故用不定式 to sell 。 to sell (3) 作伴随状语要根据与逻辑主语的关系， 用现在分词 ( 主动 ) 或过去分词 ( 被动 ) 。如： ① Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _______(wear) sunglasses. (2012 广东卷 ) 解析： 因句中已有谓语动词 appeared ，动词 wear 前又没有并列连词，所以 wear 应是非谓语动词；又因 he 与 wear 是主动关系，故用现在分词 wearing 作状语，表示伴随情况。 wearing ② _________ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 解析： 因 satisfy( 使 …… 满意 ) 与 the teacher 在逻辑上有动宾关系，即 the teacher 与 satisfy 是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示原因，填 Satisfied 。句意：由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 Satisfied ③ ______(tell) that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. 解析： 因 tell 与 Li Lei 在逻辑上有动宾关系，即 Li Lei 与 tell 是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示时间，填 Told 。句意：当李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。 Told