上海市行知中学2019-2020学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

上海市行知中学2019-2020学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

上海市行知中学2019学年高二第一学期月考试卷 第I卷（共122分）‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1. A. A teacher. B. A secretary. C. A nurse. D. A saleswoman.‎ ‎2. A. $32. B. $40. C. $64. D. $80.‎ ‎3. A. It makes the woman homesick. B. It won a great award.‎ C. It’s about the woman’s childhood. D. It isn’t fun and exciting.‎ ‎4. A. She got a ticket for the man.‎ B. She arrived an hour earlier than the man.‎ C. She will treat them to some food and drinks.‎ D. She missed the movie.‎ ‎5 A. He has a bad cough. B. He has a headache.‎ C. He doesn’t feel very well. D. He has a toothache.‎ ‎6. A. Cook dinner. B. Wash dishes.‎ C. Clean the house. D. Press clothes.‎ ‎7. A. The set. B. The suits. C. The actors. D. The plot.‎ ‎8. A. An assistant. B. A teacher.‎ C. A lawyer. D. An insurance clerk.‎ ‎9. A. Climb the mountain. B. Go to the forest park.‎ C. Stay at home. D. Go to the beach.‎ ‎10. A. They will have breakfast together.‎ B. The woman doesn’t need to work.‎ C. The man will be late for work.‎ D. The man’s work time begins at 9:05.‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversations and short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversations and the passages. The conversations and passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎11. A. Enjoying strong feelings and emotions.‎ B. Hating all dangers when they have to.‎ C. Being fond of making sensational news.‎ D. Dreaming of becoming famous one day.‎ ‎12. A. Working in an emergency room. B. Watching horror movies.‎ C. Listening to rock music. D. Doing daily routine.‎ ‎13. A. A rock climber. B. A psychologist C. A resident doctor. D. A career consultant.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎14. A. Sell financial software.‎ B. Write financial software.‎ C. Conduct research on financial software.‎ D. Train clients to use financial software.‎ ‎15. A. Rewarding. B. Unsuccessful. C. Tedious. D. Important.‎ ‎16. A. He provided individual support. B. He held group discussions.‎ C. He gave the trainees lecture notes. D. He offered online tutorials.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ ‎17. A biologist. B. A psychologist. C. An artist. D. A reporter.‎ ‎18. A. Talents play a role in children’s overall development.‎ B. Typical parental involvement is not as important as thought.‎ C. Arts training will improve children’s performance in other subjects.‎ D. Children need to be assigned to different groups according to their ability.‎ ‎19. A. Its subjects were young children.‎ B. It showed what skill is essential to maths.‎ C. It illustrated why abstract reasoning is important.‎ D. Its results helped explain why parents turn to arts education.‎ ‎20. A. By helping activate children’s brains.‎ B. By helping raise educators’ awareness.‎ C. By helping children learn how to learn.‎ D. By helping scientists find a rich environment.‎ Questions 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.‎ ‎21. A. To collect money for some medical research.‎ B. To recover from the loss of family members.‎ C. To realize the dream of their parents.‎ D. To become more physically fit.‎ ‎22. A. She never tried running before.‎ B. She found a coach to train her.‎ C. She stopped running if it rained.‎ D. She ran about 15 to 20 km every day.‎ ‎23. A. It might distract her while she was running.‎ B. It helped her perform better in a race.‎ C. It got her to be more motivated.‎ D. It might annoy other friends.‎ ‎24. A. It was boring. B. It was rewarding.‎ C. It was disappointing D. It was unexpected.‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ On the afternoon of 11 March 2011, Tetsu Nozaki watched helplessly as a wall of water _____1_____(crash) into his boats in Onahama, a small fishing port on Japan's Pacific coast.‎ ‎___2___(spend) the past eight years rebuilding, the Fukushima fishing fleet is now confronting yet another menace — the increasing likelihood ____3____ the nuclear plant's operator, Tokyo Electric Power (TEPCO), will dump huge quantities of radioactive water into the ocean.‎ ‎"We strongly oppose any plans to discharge the water into the sea, " Nozaki, head of Fukushima prefecture's federation of fisheries cooperatives, told the Guardian.‎ Currently, just over one million tonnes of contaminated water is held in almost 1, 000 tanks at Fukushima Daiichi, but the utility has warned that it will run out of space by the summer of 2022.‎ ‎____4____(release) the wastewater into the sea would also anger South Korea, adding to pressure on diplomatic ties.‎ Seoul, which has yet to lift an import ban on Fukushima seafood ____5____(introduce) in 2013, claimed last week that discharging the water would pose a "grave threat" ___6___ the marine environment — a charge rejected by Japan.‎ Japanese Government officials say they won't make a decision ___7___ they have received a report from an expert panel, but there are strong indications that dumping is preferred over other options ____8____ vaporising, burying or storing the water indefinitely.‎ Critics say the government is reluctant ____9____(support) the dumping option for fear of creating fresh controversy over Fukushima during the Rugby World Cup,____10____ starts this week, and the buildup to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.‎ ‎【答案】1. crashed/ was crashing ‎ ‎2. Having spent ‎ ‎3. that 4. Releasing ‎ ‎5. introduced ‎ ‎6. to 7. until ‎ ‎8. such as 9. to support ‎ ‎10. which ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。核电站运营商东京电力公司(TEPCO)将大量放射性水倒入海洋的可能性越来越大。福岛县渔业合作社联合会的负责人表达了强烈的反对，同时将废水排放到海里也会激怒韩国，增加两国外交关系的压力。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：2011年3月11日下午，在日本太平洋沿岸的一个小渔港小名滨，Tetsu Nozaki无助地看着一堵水墙（正）撞向他的船只。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应使用一般过去时或过去进行时。故填crashed/ was crashing。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去八年的重建工作之后，福岛的捕鱼船现在又面临着另一种威胁。spend与主语the Fukushima fishing fleet是逻辑主谓关系，此处强调该动作发生在主句动作之前，应使用现在分词的完成式。故填Having spent。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查名词性从句。句意：核电站运营商东京电力公司(TEPCO)将大量放射性水倒入海洋的可能性越来越大。根据句意及句子成分分析可知，此处引导的是the increasing likelihood的同位语从句，从句句子成分齐全，应使用只起连接作用、无词意的关系词that引导。故填that。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查动名词。句意：将废水排放到海里也会激怒韩国，增加两国外交关系的压力。根据句意及句子成分分析可知，此处为动名词短语做主语。故填Releasing。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：首尔尚未解除2013年出台的福岛海鲜进口禁令。此处与an import ban逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词做定语，表被动、完成。故填introduced。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：韩国上周宣称，排放污水将对海洋环境构成“严重威胁”——日本对此予以否认。短语：pose a threat to“对……构成威胁”。故填to。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：日本政府官员表示，他们在收到一个专家小组的报告之前不会做出决定。根据句意及句子成分分析可知，此处为not…until…结构。故填until。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：但有强烈迹象表明，与其它选择(例如无限期蒸发、掩埋或储存)相比，倾倒更受青睐。根据句意及空后列举的例子可知，此处使用短语such as“例如”。故填such as。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：批评人士表示，政府不愿支持倾倒垃圾的选择。短语：be reluctant to do“不愿意做”。故填to support。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：本周开始的橄榄球世界杯。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是he Rugby World Cup，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。‎ ‎【点睛】同位语从句与定语从句从形式上来看十分相似，大多都由that来引导，都跟在名词或代词之后，这也很容易导致同学们在理解或做题时出现错误，而这两者在实质上是截然不同的，句法功能都有所不同：引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等，如：The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（同位语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成份）‎ The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（定语从句，that在从句中作gave的宾语）‎ Section B ‎(A)‎ Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ An ___11___ arson attack on a respected Japanese animation studio left a shocked nation grieving, as investigators looked to identify victims and determine a possible motive in one of the deadliest acts of ___12___ in Japan's modern history.‎ A total of 33 people — many of them young — were killed a day earlier when a ‎ man ___13___ to douse flammable liquid through the Kyoto Animation Co. studio and set it alight, ___14___ an inferno, officials said. Some 36 others were injured, about 10 critically.‎ The blaze at the production house struck at a pillar of Japan's anime industry, an obsession in the country and a cherished cultural ___15___. Kyoto Animation, known as KyoAni, had produced hits such as "Lucky Star, " "K-On!" and "Haruhi Suzumiya, " ___16___ worldwide acclaim for its skilled drawings.‎ Outside the charred shell of the company's workspace in Kyoto's outskirts on Friday, crowds of well-wishers left flowers and messages of support for the victims. Many bowed, or ___17___ down and prayed as they offered their respects.‎ The ___18___, Shinji Aoba, aged 41, remained in the hospital after ___19___ burns all over his body. A woman who saw police detain the man a day earlier told reporters that he "seemed to be discontented, he seemed to get angry, shouting something about how he had been plagiarized, " according to Reuters.‎ Hideaki Hatta, a co-founder and president of Kyoto Animation, said Thursday that the studio had been receiving ___20___, including emails threatening murder. He said the attack had "broken our hearts."‎ ‎【答案】11. G 12. F ‎ ‎13. J 14. E ‎ ‎15. K 16. B ‎ ‎17. D 18. A ‎ ‎19. H 20. I ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。据称，一家备受尊敬的日本动画工作室遭到了恶意纵火，日本举国震惊，陷入悲痛，与此同时，调查员们正着手确认遇害者身份，并试图确定该纵火案背后可能的动机，此次纵火案是日本现代历史上最残忍的暴力袭击之一。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：据报道，日本一家著名的动画工作室遭到纵火袭击，举国震惊，举国哀悼。根据，举国震惊，举国哀悼可知，这件事情被新闻报道了。G. alleged“声称的”。故G选项正确。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：调查人员正在确认受害者身份，并确定这起日本现代史上最致命的暴力事件之一的可能动机。根据工作室遭到了恶意纵火可知，此处指“最致命的暴力事件”。F. violence“暴力”。故F选项正确。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：一名男子似乎是通过京都动画公司的工作室喷洒易燃液体并将其点燃。appear to do sth.“似乎做某事”，根据语境可知，此处使用一般过去时。J. appeared“似乎”。故J选项正确。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：一名男子似乎是通过京都动画公司的工作室喷洒易燃液体并将其点燃，引发一场大火。根据句意可知，此处使用E. triggering“触发”。故E选项正确。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这家制作公司的大火打击了日本动漫产业的支柱，日本人对动漫的痴迷，以及他们珍视的文化出口。根据下文worldwide acclaim for its skilled drawings可知，此处指“文化出口”。K. export“出口”。故K选项正确。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：京都动画，被称为KyoAni，制作了《幸运星》、《K-On!》和《Suzumiya Haruhi》等热门动画，因其精湛的绘画赢得了全世界的赞誉。根据句意可知，此处指赢得了全世界的赞誉。B. winning“赢得”。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：很多人鞠躬，或跪下祈祷，表达他们的敬意。根据语境可知，此处指跪下祈祷，表达他们的敬意。D. knelt“跪下”。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：犯罪嫌疑人，41岁的Shinji Aoba全身烧伤，目前仍在医院。根据下文A woman who saw police detain the man a day earlier told reporters that he seemed to be discontented可知，此处指犯罪嫌疑人。A. suspect“犯罪嫌疑人”。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：犯罪嫌疑人，41岁的Shinji Aoba全身烧伤，目前仍在医院。犯罪嫌疑人目前仍在医院可知，犯罪嫌疑人的全身烧伤了。H. suffering“遭受，经历”。故H选项正确。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：《京都动画》的联合创始人兼总裁Hideaki Hatta周四表示，工作室收到了威胁，包括威胁谋杀的电子邮件。根据下文including emails threatening murder可知，此处指“收到了威胁”。I. threats“威胁”。故I选项正确。‎ ‎(B)‎ Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ Today, the events ___21___ in realistic-looking or-sounding video and audio recordings need never have happened. They can instead be ____22____ automatically, by powerful computers and machine-learning software. The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.‎ The term first appeared on Reddit, a messaging board, as the username for an account which was producing ___23___ videos. An entire community ___24___ up around the creation of these videos, writing software tools that let anyone automatically ___25___ one person’s face onto the body of another. Reddit shut the community down, but the technology was out there. Soon it was being applied to political ___26___ and actors.‎ Tools for editing media ___27___ have existed for decades—think Photoshop. The power and peril of deepfakes is that they make fakery cheaper than ever before. Before deepfakes, a powerful computer and a good chunk of a university degree were needed to produce a realistic fake video of someone. Now some photos and an Internet connection are all that is required.‎ The consequences of cheap, widespread fakery are likely to be ___28___, albeit slow to unfold. Plenty worry about the possible impact that believable, fake footage of politicians might have on civil society—from a further loss of trust in media to the ___29___ for electoral distortions. These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations. In a world that was already saturated with ___30___ imagery, deepfakes make it plausible to push that even further.‎ ‎【答案】21. G 22. J ‎ ‎23. D 24. F ‎ ‎25. H 26. C ‎ ‎27. E 28. K ‎ ‎29. B 30. I ‎【解析】‎ 这一篇说明文。今天，那些看起来真实、听起来真实的视频和音频记录所记录的事件根本不需要发生。它们可以由强大的计算机和机器学习软件自动生成。这些计算结果的通称是“深度伪造”。文章介绍了“深度伪造”这一现象及可能产生的深远影响。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：今天，那些看起来真实、听起来真实的视频和音频记录所记录的事件根本不需要发生。根据句意可知，此处指视频和音频录制的事件。G. captured“拍摄，录制”。故G选项正确。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：它们可以由强大的计算机和机器学习软件自动生成。根据句意可知，此处指自动生成。J. generated“使形成；发生”。故J选项正确。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：这个词最早出现在社交新闻网站Reddit上，是一个制作假视频的账户的用户名。根据上文The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.可知，此处指假视频。D. fake“假的”。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：整个社区都围绕着这些视频的创作而兴起。spring up“出现，涌现”，sprang是spring的过去式。F. sprang“涌出；跃出”。故F选项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：他们编写软件工具，让任何人都可以自动地将一个人的脸粘贴到另一个人的身上。根据语境可知，此处指用软件工具将一个人的脸粘贴到另一个人的身上。H. paste“粘贴”。故H选项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：很快，它就被应用到政治人物和演员身上。根据空前political及空后and actors可知，此处指政治人物。C. figures“人物”。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：手工编辑媒体的工具已经存在了几十年，比如Photoshop。列举Photoshop这一款编辑数字照片或图像的软件工具，由此可知，此处指手工编辑媒体的工具，设空处修饰editing，使用副词形式。E. manually“手动地；用手”。故E选项正确。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：廉价、普遍的造假行为的后果可能是深远的，尽管要慢慢显现出来。根据下文Plenty worry about the possible impact可知，此处指廉价、普遍的造假行为的后果可能是深远的。K. profound“深厚的；意义深远的”。故K选项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：许多人担心政客的虚假镜头可能会对公民社会产生影响——从对媒体的信任进一步丧失到选举扭曲的可能性。根据句意可知，此处指选举扭曲的可能性。B. potential“潜能，可能性”。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：在一个已经充斥着极端画面的世界里，深度造假似乎更有可能推动这一趋势。根据上文These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations.可知，此处指极端画面。I. extreme“极端的”。故I选项正确。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Molecular biologist Elizabeth Blackburn shared a Nobel Prize for her research on telomeres (端粒)—structures at the tips of chromosomes (染色体）that play a key role in cellular aging. ___31___ she was frustrated that the important health implications of her work weren’t reaching beyond academia.‎ So along with psychologist Elissa Epel, she has published her findings in a new book ___32___ a general audience -- laying out a scientific case that may give readers____33____ to keep their new year's resolutions to not smoke, eat well, sleep enough, exercise regularly，and ___34___stress.‎ The main message of The Telomere Effect, being published Tuesday, is that you have more control over your own aging than you may imagine. You can actually ___35___ your telomeres—and perhaps your life—by following sound health advice, the authors argue, based on a review of thousands of studies.‎ ‎“Telomeres listen to you, they listen to your ___36___，they listen to your state of mind，” said Blackburn, president of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolia, Calif.‎ Telomeres sit at the end of the strands of DNA, like the ___37___ caps on shoelaces. Stress from a rough lifestyle will shorten those caps, making it more likely that cells will ___38___ dividing and essentially die.‎ Too many of these cells accelerate___39___，the pair say. This doesn’t cause any particular disease, but research suggests that it speeds up the time when whatever your genes have in store will occur -- so if you’re ___40___ to heart disease，you're more likely to get it younger if your telomeres are shorter, said Epel, director of the University of California, San Francisco’s Aging, Metabolism and Emotions Center.‎ ‎“We can provide a new level of specificity and tell people more precisely with clues ___41___from telomere science about what exactly ___42___ is related to long telomeres, what exact foods are related to long telomeres, what aspects of sleep are more related to long telomeres,” Epel added.‎ Other researchers in the field praised Blackburn and Epel’s efforts to make telomere research relevant to the general public, ___43___ several warned that it risked ___44___ the science.‎ ‎“I think it’s a very difficult thing to prove that lifestyle can affect telomere length and therefore lifespan,”said Harvard geneticist and anti-aging researcher David Sinclair. “To get cause-effect in humans is ___45___，so it’s based on associations.”‎ ‎31. A. Hence B. Furthermore C. But D. And ‎32. A. referred to B. addressed to C. aimed at D. informed of ‎33. A. implication B. warning C. appealing D. motivation ‎34. A. cut down on B. contribute to C. lay emphasis on D. add to ‎35. A. enhance B. lengthen C. shorten D. simplify ‎36. A. extinction B. behaviors C. instincts D. attitudes ‎37. A. influential B. inevitable C. progressive D. protective ‎38. A. initiate B. neglect C. cease D. maintain ‎39. A. human health B. human aging C. human resolution D. psychological stress ‎40. A. relevant B. sensitive C. reluctant D. dedicated ‎41. A. emerging B. suffering C. profiting D. suspending ‎42. A. illness B. gene C. smoking D. exercise ‎43. A. though B. because C. so D. or ‎44. A. overestimating B. oversimplifying C. underestimating D. over-viewing ‎45. A. impropriate B. impossible C. irrelevant D. imaginary ‎【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。分子生物学家伊丽莎白·布莱克本(Elizabeth Blackburn)因对端粒——染色体末端的结构，在细胞衰老过程中起着关键作用的研究而分享了诺贝尔奖。但她感到沮丧的是，她的工作对健康的重要影响并没有超出学术界。因此，她和心理学家埃莉萨·埃佩尔(Elissa Epel)一起，在一本针对普通读者的新书中发表了自己的发现。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：但令她沮丧的是，她的工作对健康的重要影响并没有超出学术界。A. ‎ Hence因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. But但是；D. And和。根据上文Molecular biologist Elizabeth Blackburn shared a Nobel Prize for her research on telomeres可知，此处与下文构成转折关系，应使用转折连词。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，她和心理学家埃莉萨·埃佩尔在一本针对普通读者的新书中发表了自己的发现。A. referred to提及；B. addressed to写信给；C. aimed at针对；D. informed of通知。根据句意可知，此处指“针对普通读者”。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：列出一个科学案例，可能会给读者动力，让他们保持不吸烟、吃得好、睡得好、经常锻炼的新年决心。A. implication含义；B. warning警告；C. appealing吸引；D. motivation动力。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：列出一个科学案例，可能会给读者动力，让他们保持不吸烟、吃得好、睡得好、经常锻炼、减少压力的新年决心。A. cut down on减少；B. contribute to有助于；C. lay emphasis on重视；D. add to添加。根据空前列举的例子可知，此处指“减少压力”。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：根据对数千项研究的回顾，作者认为，遵循健康建议实际上可以延长你的端粒长度，甚至延长你的寿命。A. enhance增强；B. lengthen延长；C. shorten缩短；D. simplify简化。根据上文The main message of The Telomere Effect, being published Tuesday, is that you have more control over your own aging than you may imagine.可知，你可以延长你的端粒长度。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：端粒听你说话，它们听你的行为，它们听你的思想状态。A. extinction灭绝；B. behaviors行为；C. instincts本能；D. attitudes态度。根据上文You can actually ___5___ your telomeres—and perhaps your life—by following sound health advice,可知，此处指“你的行为”。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：端粒位于DNA链的末端，就像鞋带上的保护帽。A. influential有影响的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. progressive进步的；D. ‎ protective防护的。根据下文Stress from a rough lifestyle will shorten those caps, making it more likely that cells will ___8___ dividing and essentially die.可知，此处指“保护帽”。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：粗犷的生活方式带来的压力会缩短这些细胞帽，使其更有可能停止分裂并最终死亡。A. initiate启动；B. neglect忽视；C. cease停止；D. maintain维护。根据essentially die可知，此处指这些细胞帽更有可能停止分裂。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词短语辨析。句意：这两人说，这些细胞太多会加速人类衰老。A. human health人类健康；B. human aging人类的衰老；C. human resolution人的分辨力；D. psychological stress心理压力。根据下文This doesn’t cause any particular disease, but research suggests that it speeds up the time when whatever your genes have in store will occur可知，此处指加速人类衰老。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：因此，如果你对心脏病很敏感，端粒越短，你就越有可能患上心脏病。A. relevant相关的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. reluctant不情愿的；D. dedicated专用的。根据you're more likely to get it younger if your telomeres are shorter可知，此处指对心脏病敏感。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：我们可以提供一个新的水平的特异性，并告诉人们更准确的线索来自端粒科学。A. emerging from从……显露出来；B. suffering from遭受；C. profiting from从……受益；D. suspending from从^悬吊下来。根据句意可知，此处指来自于端粒科学。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：到底是什么运动与端粒有关，什么食物与端粒有关，睡眠的哪些方面与端粒更有关。A. illness疾病；B. gene基因；C. smoking吸烟；D. exercise运动。根据下文what exact foods…what aspects of sleep…可知，此处指运动。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：该领域的其他研究人员赞扬了布莱克本和埃佩尔使端粒研究与普通大众相关的努力，尽管一些人警告说这可能会使科学过于简单化。A. though尽管；B. ‎ because因为；C. so所以；D. or或者，否则。根据句意可知，此是让步状语从句。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：该领域的其他研究人员赞扬了布莱克本和埃佩尔使端粒研究与普通大众相关的努力，尽管一些人警告说这可能会使科学过于简单化。A. overestimating高估；B. oversimplifying简单化；C. underestimating低估；D. over-viewing综述。根据上文about what exactly ___12___ is related to long telomeres, what exact foods are related to long telomeres, what aspects of sleep are more related to long telomeres可知，此处指一些人警告说这可能会使科学过于简单化。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：在人类身上获得因果关系是不可能的，所以它是建立在联系的基础上的。A. impropriate以此方式移交的；B. impossible不可能的；C. irrelevant无关紧要的；D. imaginary虚构的。根据上文I think it’s a very difficult thing to prove that lifestyle can affect telomere length and therefore lifespan,可知，哈佛大学遗传学家、抗衰老研究员戴维·辛克莱认为在人类身上获得因果关系是不可能的。故B选项正确。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ Women may have good reason to drink coffee as much as they like. According to recent research, women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than whose who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age. Women over age 80 who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were about 70 percent less likely to have memory decline than those who drank one cup or less, the researchers said.‎ Caffeinated tea had the same effect in the women, the study found, although more was needed to get the same caffeine boost. "Count roughly two cups of tea for a cup of coffee," said study leader Karen Ritchie of INSERM, the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research.‎ But the researchers didn't find a similarly protective effect in men, although other studies have found a benefit to males.‎ How might caffeine help ward off cognitive decline? “It is a cognitive stimulant." said Ritchie. “It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid in the brain” she said, “whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer's disease but which also occurs in normal aging.”‎ Ritchie said she wasn't sure why men in the study didn't benefit from caffeine. “Our hypothesis is that either women metabolize caffeine differently than men, or there may be an interaction of the caffeine with the sex hormones,” she said.‎ The French study confirms previous research, said William Scott, professor of medicine at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, who has researched caffeine's beneficial effects against Parkinson's disease, also a neurodegenerative disorder.‎ As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included.‎ A study published in February in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition looked at 676 healthy men and found that regular coffee drinkers had a lower rate of cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up than those who didn't drink coffee. Those who drank three cups daily had the least signs of decline.‎ Both Scott and Ritchie agreed that more study is needed. Ritchie's research will next look at the relationship between caffeine and Alzheimer's.‎ ‎46. As it is indicated in the 1st paragraph, how does coffee influence women’s memory?‎ A. The older the woman was. the more remarkable her memory was.‎ B. The more coffee the woman drank, the more slowly her memory declined.‎ C. The older the woman was, the more slowly her memory declined.‎ D. The more coffee the woman drank. the more remarkable her memory was.‎ ‎47. According to Ritchie. Alzheimer's disease is resulted from________________.‎ A. the lack of caffeine in the brain B. the accumulation of beta amyloid C. high level of proteins in the brain D. abnormal metabolism in normal aging ‎48. William Scott would most probably agree that caffeine helped_______________.‎ A. reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease B interfere with the process of cognitive decline C. balance the production of female hormones D. protect both men and women from diseases ‎49. What was the author's attitude towards the research of caffeine's beneficial effect on men?‎ A. Doubtful.‎ B. Convinced.‎ C. Matter-of-fact.‎ D. Cautious.‎ ‎【答案】46. C 47. B 48. B 49. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，研究人员发现咖啡因能帮助人们防止认知能力下降，尤其是女性。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的According to recent research, women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than whose who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age.可知，经常喝咖啡的女性，随着年龄的增长，她们的记忆力下降得越慢。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid in the brain,”she said, “whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer's disease but which also occurs in normal aging.”可知，β-淀粉样蛋白的积累与阿尔茨海默病有关。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included.‎ 可知，威廉·斯科特认为如果纳入更多男性，结果可能会有所不同，由此推知，他很可能会认同咖啡因有助于干预认知能力下降的过程。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段引用William Scott的观点以及今年2月发表在《欧洲临床营养学杂志》(European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)上的一项研究发现可推知，作者相信咖啡因对男性也是有益的。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第1小题，要求根据第一段内容，判断出咖啡是如何影响女性的记忆力的。根据第一段中的According to recent research, women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than whose who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age.可知，经常喝咖啡的女性，随着年龄的增长，她们的记忆力下降也得越慢。故C选项正确。‎ ‎ (B)‎ ‎ We have encountered a crisis around the corner. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who’s responsible?‎ Actually, it’s more like, what is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it – Facebook, Twitter . You can write your own list.‎ There’s been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before – there are more and more readers, and more and more books.‎ The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades ‎ has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example.‎ Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.‎ As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.‎ On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long “digests” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span—that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.‎ In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.‎ In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.‎ ‎50. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT _____.‎ A. multimodal content B. environmental friendliness C. convenience for readers D. imaginative design ‎51. Which of the following can best describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?‎ A. Ironic B. Worried.‎ C. Impersonal D. Doubtful.‎ ‎52. According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technology and _____ to survive in the fast-changing society.‎ A. good judgment B. high sensitivity C. good imagination D. the ability to focus ‎53. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.‎ B. Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience.‎ C. Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.‎ D. Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.‎ ‎【答案】50. D 51. B 52. B 53. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章论述了科技对传统阅读来说既是机遇也是挑战。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 细节理解题。要注意题干中的EXCEPT，提问不是电子书优点的一项。答题时应先寻找有关电子书的部分。根据第五段中的Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.可知，电子书更方便、更环保；第六段中的Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos.可知，电子书内容模式多样。文章中没有提到电子书的设计富有想象力。故D选项正确 ‎【51题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization.及We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span—that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.，此处两次出现“danger”和一次“fear”，表明作者对单句长篇小说感到担忧。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility ‎ of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.可知，我们的社会需要能够想象这样一种可能性：有人完全与现代技术合拍，却能够理解这个动态的、令人困惑的世界。由此推知，人们需要现代技术知识和高敏感度才能在快速变化的社会中生存。make sense是答题关键词。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 推理判断题。此处问全文大意，要确保不以偏概全。A、B、D都犯了这个错误。C项Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.（科技对传统阅读来说既是机遇也是挑战）能够全面概括文章大意。故C选项正确。‎ ‎(C)‎ New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many centuries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research, could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road.‎ The latest and most surprising discovery is pieces of silk found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from about 1000 BC, long before regular traffic on the Silk Road and at least one thousand years before silk was previously thought to be used in Egypt. Other research may extend human activity along this route back even further, perhaps a million years to the migration of human ancestors into eastern Asia.‎ The official origin of East-West commerce along the road is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wu-di returned from a dangerous secret mission across the western desert into the remote high country of Central Asia. The agent, Zhang Qian, travelled as far as Afghanistan and brought back knowledge of even more distant lands such as Persia, Syria and a place known as Lijien, perhaps Rome. Historians have called this one of the most important journeys in ancient times. His journey opened the way for what have been thought to be the first indirect contacts between the ancient world’s two superpowers, China and Rome. Chinese silk, first traded to central Asian tribes for war horses and to the Parthians of old Persia in exchange for acrobats and ostrich eggs, was soon finding its way through a network of merchants to the luxury markets of Rome.‎ But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk was apparently present in the West ‎ long before the Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road. The research could change thinking about the early history of world trade and provide insights into the mystery of just how and when Europe and the Mediterranean lands first became aware of the glorious culture at the other end of Eurasia.‎ ‎54. The word “coupled” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by ____________.‎ A. produced B. doubled C. combined D. contributed ‎55. What does the silk thread found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy suggest?‎ A. That trade along the Silk Road began earlier than once thought B. Historical research often achieves fascinating results C. Egyptians had probably travelled to China to buy silk D. The new light can now be thrown on ancient trading practices ‎56. Until recently most historians believed that trade along the Silk Road ____________.‎ A. extended human migration into eastern Asia B. primarily benefited the Egyptians C. began a million years ago D. originated in the 2nd century BC ‎57. Why have Historians always considered Zhang Qian’s mission important?‎ A. Because it discovered the Silk Road B. Because he helped establish East-West trade C. Because he brought back knowledge of Rome to the emperor D. Because he travelled as far as Afghanistan ‎【答案】54. C 55. A 56. D 57. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的考古发现——欧洲和亚洲之间沿着丝绸之路的贸易可能以某种形式开始，比人们曾经认为的要早几个世纪。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第一段中划线词所在句The findings, coupled with a widening range of ‎ scientific and historical research, could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road.（这些发现，综合广泛的、科学的、历史的研究可以增添丝绸之路历史新纪元迷人的一页），再结合选项A. produced生产；B. doubled加倍；C. combined使联合，使结合；D. contributed贡献。由此可知，C项可替换划线词。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many centuries earlier than once thought.及第二段中的The latest and most surprising discovery is pieces of silk found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from about 1000 BC, long before regular traffic on the Silk Road and at least one thousand years before silk was previously thought to be used in Egypt.可推知，在一具埃及木乃伊的头发上发现的丝线表明，丝绸之路的贸易比人们曾经认为的开始得更早。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The official origin of East-West commerce along the road is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wu-di returned from a dangerous secret mission across the western desert into the remote high country of Central Asia.可知，沿着这条路进行的东西贸易的官方起源通常是在公元前2世纪晚期。由此推断，直到最近，大多数历史学家都认为，丝绸之路的贸易始于公元前2世纪。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的His journey opened the way for what have been thought to be the first indirect contacts between the ancient world’s two superpowers, China and Rome.可知，张赛的旅程为被认为是古代世界两个超级大国——中国和罗马之间的第一次间接接触开辟了道路。由此推知，历史学家一直认为张骞的使命很重要是因为张赛出使西域帮助建立了东西的贸易往来。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。如第1小题，根据第一段中划线词所在句The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research, could add a fascinating new ‎ page to the epic of the Silk Road.（这些发现，综合广泛的、科学的、历史的研究可以增添丝绸之路历史新纪元迷人的一页），再结合选项A. produced生产；B. doubled加倍；C. combined使联合，使结合；D. contributed贡献。由此可知，C项可替换划线词。故C选项正确。‎ ‎（D）‎ If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, healthy, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long a grain traditions—and vocal green lobbies—the idea seems against nature.‎ In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much apart of out lives. A third of corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U. S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million a-cres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U. S. this year. The genetic genie(鬼怪) is out of the bottle.‎ Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new prod-uct entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks？‎ The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The U. N. estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million women of child-bearing age are iron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.‎ How can biotech help？ Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene—which the body converts into vitamin A—and ‎ additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.‎ ‎58. What's the passage mainly about？‎ A. The world's food problems.‎ B. The new advancement in biotech.‎ C. The characteristics of genetically modified foods.‎ D. How biotech can help solve the world's food problems.‎ ‎59. The sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Para. 2 probably means__________.‎ A. the genetic genie has broken the bottle which controlled it B. the genetic technology has broken out of laboratories into the marketplace C. the genetically modified foods are available everywhere D. the genetic technology has begun to cause a devastating effect on human beings ‎60. Why are people in developed countries less concerned about genetically modified foods?‎ A. They don’t have an urgent need for such foods.‎ B. They have a good temper to talk about things calmly.‎ C. They are far away from such foods and crops.‎ D. They are not concerned about other people in the world.‎ ‎61. According to the passage, genetically modified foods__________.‎ A. are superior to naturally grown foods B. may help solve the problem of undernourishments C. are going to replace naturally grown ones D. can solve the food problems in developing countries ‎62. The author’s attitude towards genetically modified foods is ________.‎ A. negative B. cautious C. disapproving D. positive ‎【答案】58. D 59. B 60. A 61. B 62. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章论述了发达国家和发展中国家对待转基因食品的态度，由于发达国家的食品种类丰富并且供过于求，所以关于生物技术的争论有所缓和；而发展中国家人口增长迅速且大多吃不饱，需要大量食品，所以对于是否要采用转基因食品来解决人口和健康问题就显得很迫切。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的The U. N. estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating.及营养不良所带来的各种后果描述可知，采用转基因食品来解决人口和健康问题就显得很迫切。再根据最后一段谈到生物技术能改善作物的营养成分和农业生产力可知，本文主要的目的是关于生物技术是如何帮助解决世界粮食问题的。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 句意理解题。根据第二段中的A third of corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U. S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million a-cres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U. S. this year.可知，美国去年的转基因玉米的种植面积占到三分之一，转基因大豆和棉花种植面积占到一半多，今年美国将种植6500多万株转基因作物。由此可推知，The genetic genie is out of the bottle.是意为“基因技术已经从实验室进入市场”。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs.可知，在富裕国家，由于人们有丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过人们的需要，因此关于生物技术的争论有所缓和。由此可知，发达国家的人们不太关心转基因食品，因为他们对转基因食品没有迫切的需求。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene—which the body converts into vitamin A—and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops.‎ 可知，生物科技能够改善大米及其他作物的营养成分。由此推知，转基因食品可能有助于解决营养不足的问题。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.可知，生物科技也能够改善农业生产力。句中的also说明作者对生物科技能够改善大米及其他作物的营养成分和改善农业生产力是持肯定态度的。故D选项正确。‎ Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. ____63____‎ In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.‎ ‎____64____ They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.‎ In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. ____65____ And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had ‎ little time thinking about changes.‎ Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ___66___ That kind of strategy must come from the top.‎ A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better?‎ B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.‎ C. More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong.‎ D. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.‎ E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration.‎ F. They encouraged new ways of thinking.‎ ‎【答案】63. D 64. A ‎ ‎65. F 66. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章围绕速度展开，否定了一味强调速度的盲目性，区分了operational speed（操作速度）与strategic speed（战略速度），强调了适当时间采取战略速度的重要性。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.可知，无论行业和公司规模如何，那些担心失去竞争优势的公司会花费大量的时间和金钱来寻找加快速度的方法。故D项Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.符合此处语境。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文What’s more, the firms that“slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.可知，那些“放慢速度以加快速度”的公司改善了他们的最高和最低收入，在三年内平均销售额提高了40%，营业收入提高了52%。故A项How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing ‎ better?（他们是如何违反商业物理定律的，他们比竞争对手花费了更多的时间，却表现得更好的呢？）符合此处语境。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文They became more open to ideas and discussion.及下文And they allowed time to look back and learn.可知，他们对思想和讨论变得更加开放，允许时间回顾和学习。故F项They encouraged new ways of thinking（他们鼓励新的思维方式）符合此处语境。故F选项正确。‎ ‎66题详解】‎ 考查上下文及句意理解。根据上文Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ___4___ ‎ 及下文That kind of strategy must come from the top.可知，战略速度是一种领导力，而这种战略必须来自最高层。故B项Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.（那些经常花时间把事情做好，而不是埋头苦干的人，更能成功地实现他们的商业目标）符合此处语境。故B选项正确。‎ 第II卷 （共18分）‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎67. 匆匆完成考卷，使他错失一等奖。 (rush)‎ ‎68. 大量砍伐树木肯定会扰乱生态平衡。（balance）‎ ‎69. 从踏上陌生国土的那一刻起，John就意识到入乡随俗至关重要。(moment)‎ ‎70. 在这部电影中，两位主人公志趣相投，共同创业，最终成了莫逆之交。（common）‎ ‎【答案】67. Rushing through the test paper cost him the first prize. ‎ ‎68. It’s certain that cutting down a large number of trees will upset the balance of nature. ‎ ‎69. The moment he stepped on the foreign land, John realized that it was important to follow the local customs. ‎ ‎70. In the film, the two characters had a lot in common, started business together and became close friends at last.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查rush的用法。根据句意及提示可知，本句关键词（组）为：rush through“快速通过，仓促完成”，cost“使付出”，此处应使用动名词短语做主语，时态使用一般过去时。故译为Rushing through the test paper cost him the first prize.‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 考查balance的用法。根据句意及提示可知，本句关键词（组）为：cut down“砍伐”，a large number of trees“大量树木”，upset the balance of nature“扰乱生态平衡”，使用一般现在时和一般将来时。故译为It’s certain that cutting down a large number of trees will upset the balance of nature.‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查moment的用法。根据句意及提示可知，本句关键词（组）为：the moment“一……就……”，step on“踏入”，follow the local customs“入乡随俗”，使用一般过去时。故译为The moment he stepped on the foreign land, John realized that it was important to follow the local customs.‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查common的用法。根据句意及提示可知，本句关键词（组）为：have a lot in common“有很多共同之处”，start business“创业”，become close friends“结为挚友”，使用一般过去时。故译为In the film, the two characters had a lot in common, started business together and became close friends at last.‎ ‎ ‎