2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（51页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（51页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2English around the world单元学案 As British accent makes a speaker sound like a lady or a gentleman, so many people want to learn how to talk like the British.‎ If you want to talk like the British, say “Cheers” rather than “Thanks” in informal (非正式的) conversations. Before I came to the U．K., I only knew the meaning of “cheer” as “to make someone happy or excited” as in the phrase “cheer up”. After I came to the U．K., I noticed that they used “Cheers” much more often than “Thanks”. For example, in the U．K., when people get off the bus, they would say “Cheers” with a strong British accent to thank the driver. Besides, my British roommate also said “Cheers” to me when she asked me to pass something to her when we were cooking together. “Cheers” is frequently used by the British people in daily informal conversations for small favors, such as opening doors for you or lending you a pen. It is not as formal as “Thanks” or “Thank you”， but is used rather frequently in daily conversations.‎ Chinese students were taught at school that when a customer (顾客) went to a store, shop assistants would ask “What can I do for you？” However, I never heard the exact same expression when I was in the U．K. No shop assistants would greet and follow customers around as in China. Only when customers asked for help or looked like lost would shop assistants come up to them and ask “Are you all right？” It seemed like they were going to provide help, but customers would normally say “Yeah, thanks.” unless they really needed help. Interestingly, when I heard “Are you all right？” for the first time, I didn't know how to answer it and even explained that I was just looking around and I didn't need help. How embarrassing (尴尬的) it was!‎ Section_Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading — Prereading ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现] [读文清障]‎ THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of① the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly② all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages③ to conquer④ other parts of the world and because of⑤ that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.‎ Native⑥ English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English⑦. Look at this example：‎ British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?‎ American Amy: Yes. I'd like to⑧ come up⑨ to your apartment○10. ‎ ‎①at the end of在……尽头；在……结束时 ‎②nearly adv.几乎；接近；差不多 ‎③voyage ['vɔIIdʒ] n．航行；航海 make a voyage/voyages to航海/航行去……‎ ‎④conquer ['kɒŋkə(r)] vt.征服；占领 ‎⑤because of因为；由于 ‎⑥native ['neItIv] adj.本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人 be native to原产于(＝be home to)‎ ‎⑦even if＝even though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎⑧would like to do sth.想要做某事 ‎⑨come up走近；上来；被提出 ‎○10apartment [ə'pɑːtmənt] n．〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅 flat〈英〉公寓套房 通向现代英语之路 ‎[第1～4段译文]‎ ‎16世纪末，大约有500万到700万人说英语。这些人几乎都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。如今，说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，有的作为第一语言来说，有的作为第二语言或一门外语。‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。请看这个例子：‎ 英国人贝蒂：你想看一下我的公寓吗？‎ 美国人艾米：好的，我很乐意到你的公寓去。‎ So why has English changed over time⑪？ Actually⑫ all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with⑬ each other⑭. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150⑮ was very different from⑯ the English spoken today. It was based⑰ more on German than the English we speak at present⑱. Then gradually⑲ between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled⑳ England spoke first Danish○21 and later French. These new settlers enriched○22 the English language and especially○23 its vocabulary○24. So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of○25 a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎⑪over time＝as time goes by随着时间的推移 ‎⑫actually ['æktʃʊəlI] adv.实际上；事实上 in fact事实上；实际上 ‎⑬communicate with sb.与某人交流 ‎⑭when引导时间状语从句，从句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词meet和communicate。‎ ‎⑮过去分词短语spoken ...作后置定语，修饰the English。‎ ‎⑯be different from与……不同 ‎⑰base [beIs] vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础 be based on 以……为基础 ‎⑱we speak at present为定语从句，修饰先行词the English，从句中省略了关系代词that/which。‎ at present现在；目前 ‎⑲gradually ['ɡrædʒʊəlI] adv.逐渐地；逐步地 gradual ['ɡrædʒʊəl] adj.逐渐的；逐步的 ‎⑳rule vt.统治n.规则 ‎○21Danish ['deInIʃ] n．丹麦语adj.丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语的 ‎○22enrich [In'rItʃ] vt.使富裕；充实；改善 en是一个常见的构成及物动词的前缀。如：enlarge使扩大。‎ ‎○23especially adv.尤其；特别 ‎○24vocabulary [və'kæbjʊlərI] n．词汇；词汇量；词表 ‎○25make use of利用；使用 ‎[第5段译文]‎ 那么，随着时间的推移，英语为什么会变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年之间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到公元1150年之间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为那些统治英国的人开始讲丹麦语，后来又讲法语。这些新的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是英语词汇。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。1620年一些英国移民到了美国。后来在18世纪，也有一些英国人被带到了澳大利亚。(于是)这两个国家的人开始说英语了。‎ Finally by the 19th century the language was settled○26. At that time two big changes in English spelling○27 happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter○28 gave a separate identity○29 to American English spelling.‎ English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent○30 English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore○31 and Malaysia○32 and countries in Africa such as○33 South Africa. Today the number of○34 people learning English in China○35 is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.‎ ‎○26settle v．确定；解决；定居 ‎○27spelling ['spelIŋ] n．拼写；拼法 ‎○28latter ['lætə] adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的 the former ... the latter ...前者……后者……‎ ‎○29identity [aI'dentətI] n．本身；本体；身份；特征 identity card身份证 ‎○30fluent ['fluːənt] adj.流利的；流畅的 be fluent in在……方面流利的 ‎○31Singapore [ˌsIŋə'pɔː(r)] n．新加坡(东南亚国家)‎ ‎○32Malaysia [mə'leIzIə] n．马来西亚(东南亚国家)；马来群岛 ‎○33such as例如……；像这种的 ‎○34the number of ...……的数量/数目，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数。‎ a number of许多；大量，“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎○35learning English in China为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。‎ ‎[第6～7段译文]‎ 最后到19世纪这种语言定型了。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先塞缪尔•约翰逊编写了一本词典，后来，诺厄•韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特征。‎ 如今英语在南亚也被当作一门外语或第二语言来使用。例如，印度拥有众多英语讲得十分流利的人，这是因为英国从1765年到1947年统治着印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。如今学英语的中国人在迅速增多。事实上，中国或许是世界上英语学习者最多的国家。将来中式英语会不会形成自己的特征呢？这个问题只能由时间来回答了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Prereading ‎ Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．official adj.　　　　A．本身；本体；身份 ‎2．native adj.& n. B．常常；频繁地 ‎ ‎3．actually adv. C．官方的；正式的；公务的 ‎4．base vt.& n. D．逐渐地；逐步地 ‎5．gradually adv. E．流利的；流畅的 ‎6．vocabulary n. F．以……为根据；基部；基地；基础 ‎7．spelling n. G．拼写；拼法 ‎ ‎8．identity n. H．本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人 ‎9．fluent adj. I．实际上；事实上 ‎10．frequently adv. J．词汇；词汇量；词表 ‎1～5　__________　　6～10　__________‎ 答案：1～5　CHIFD　6～10　JGAEB ‎ ‎ Leadin ‎1．How much do you know about English?‎ ‎(1)It_is_the_official_language_of_many_countries,_such_as_America,_England,_Canada_and_so_on.‎ ‎(2)It_has_a_long_history.‎ ‎(3)There_are_mainly_two_kinds_of_English：American_English_and_British_English.‎ ‎(4)Many_Chinese_are_learning_English.‎ ‎2．Do you know that there is more than one kind of English in the world?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Whilereading ‎ Fastreading Skim the text and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．What's the main idea of the text?‎ A．How to learn English well.‎ B．The history of the English language.‎ C．The differences between old English and modern English.‎ D．English is widely used all over the world.‎ 答案：B ‎2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.‎ ‎(1)Paragraph 1　 A．the example of the difference between different native English speakers ‎(2)Paragraphs 24 B．wide use of English ‎(3)Paragraph 5 C．English is a language spoken all around the world　‎ ‎(4)Paragraph 6 D．why English has changed over time ‎(5)Paragraph 7 E．English was settled ‎(1)～(5)　__________‎ 答案：(1)～(5)　BADEC ‎ Carefulreading Read the reading passage carefully and choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．At the end of 16th century, about ________ people spoke English.‎ A．five to six million　　 B．five to seven million C．six to seven million D．seven to eight million ‎2．If people speak different kinds of English, they ________.‎ A．can't communicate with each other B．can only be understood by those who speak the same kind of English C．can't be understood by foreigners D．can understand each other ‎3．From the text, we know ________.‎ A．only English changed over time B．all languages will change when cultures meet C．all English words were from French D．fewer and fewer Chinese people are learning English ‎4．Why do more people speak English?‎ A．Because it is an international language.‎ B．Because it has the largest number of speakers.‎ C．Because it is easy to learn.‎ D．Because it always stays the same.‎ 答案：1～4　BDBA ‎ Studyreading Analyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.‎ ‎1．Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句为and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，Later in the next century为时间状语，动词不定式短语to conquer other parts of the world为目的状语；在第二个分句中介宾短语because of that为原因状语。‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。‎ ‎2．At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very ‎ different from the English spoken today.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　起初，大约在公元450年到公元1150年之间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。‎ ‎3．Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年之间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为那些统治英国的人开始讲丹麦语，后来又讲法语。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice: There are four skills in learning English.They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening.‎ Read as much as you can.But your reading must be active.It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc.There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come_across,_but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.‎ As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes.You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening.Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say.This never means that you should not practice listening.‎ For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children.Their languages are easy.Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day.Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.‎ If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically (自动地), and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect.‎ 语篇解读：如果你要想学好英语，应该掌握其四种技能：听、说、读、写。读与听是学好英语的关键。‎ ‎1．According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills?‎ A．Reading and listening.‎ B．Reading and writing.‎ C．Writing and speaking.‎ D．Speaking and listening.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，作者认为要想提高说和写的能力，首先要掌握读和听。‎ ‎2．The underlined phrase “come across” in Paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by “________”．‎ A．meet by accident　　　　　 B．discover C．find on purpose D．look for 解析：选A　词义猜测题。此处是告诉读者没有必要去理解遇到的所有的不熟悉的单词，由此推知come across指“偶然遇到”。‎ ‎3．The author seems to agree with the view that ________.‎ A．everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day B．you needn't practice listening if you keep on reading every day C．being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening D．you should take notes of whatever you are hearing 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第三段第二句可知，作者认为多阅读有助于提高听力。‎ ‎4．The passage is mainly about how to ________.‎ A．choose suitable listening materials B．deal with new words in reading C．improve your English as quickly as possible D．become fluent in speaking and writing English 解析：选D　主旨大意题。文章第一句话便点明主题，接着用大量篇幅阐述了如何通过提高阅读和听力技能，从而带动说和写的技能，成为a fluent English speaker。‎ B Kyle Schwartz, a new teacher at Doull Elementary School in Denver, teaches a thirdgrade class. Most of her students come from underprivileged homes, as 92 percent are entitled (给予权利) to free or reduced school lunches, she said.‎ ‎“As a new teacher, I tried to understand my students' real lives and how to best support them. I just felt like there was something I didn't know about my students，”she said. To solve this problem, she asked her students to complete the sentence：“I wish my teacher knew ...”‎ While some children used the notes to jokingly complain (抱怨) about homework or to ask for more playtime, Ms Schwartz said some of the answers were “heartbreaking”， as children showed their hard lives. One student told Ms Schwartz that he did not have any pencils at home, while another said that they hadn't seen their father for six years. And another student wrote, “I wish my teacher knew sometimes my homework is not signed (签字) because my mom is not around a lot.”‎ She posted them to Twitter in March with the hashtag #IWishMyTeacherKnew. Teachers on Twitter soon noticed how successful Ms Schwartz's trick (策略) was for reaching out to students, and began sharing similar notes they received alongside #IWishMyTeacherKnew.‎ Ms Schwartz said that since she encouraged her students to share their secrets, students have been supporting each other more, and she hopes the method will connect students and their families with the proper resources (资源) they need to live ‎ comfortably. She added that the results have been surprising, and the student that said she didn't have anyone to play with has since been invited by classmates to join them in the school playground.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一位老师为了更好地了解自己的学生让他们把想对老师说的话写在纸条上。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “underprivileged” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A．Comfortable. B．Happy.‎ C．Broken. D．Poor 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据下文中的“92 percent are entitled to free or reduced school lunches”可知，Kyle的大部分学生家庭条件都不好。‎ ‎6．Why did Kyle ask her students to complete the sentence?‎ A．To better understand them.‎ B．To encourage their creativity.‎ C．To develop their writing skills.‎ D．To teach them to introduce themselves.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a new teacher, I tried to understand my students' real lives ... she asked her students to complete the sentence”可知，为了更好地了解自己的学生，Kyle让她的学生把想跟老师说的话写在纸条上。‎ ‎7．What were the attitudes of teachers on Twitter to Kyle's idea?‎ A．Uncaring. B．Worried.‎ C．Surprised. D．Supportive.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Teachers on Twitter soon noticed how successful Ms Schwartz's trick (策略) was ... notes they received”可知，老师们赞同Kyle的想法。‎ ‎8．How did Kyle look at her trick?‎ A．It was difficult for her students.‎ B．It might upset some students.‎ C．It helped her students in many ways.‎ D．It would improve her school's environment.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ms Schwartz said ... students have been supporting each other more”及“the student that said ... been invited by classmates to join them in the school playground”可知，Kyle认为她的做法让学生们受益匪浅。‎ C English has surely become the global language.Whenever we turn on the news to find out what's happening in East Asia, or Africa, or anywhere, people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English.‎ If people look at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, many would be surprised.English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semiofficial language.English is the working language of many international institutes (研究所) as well as of most international research scientists.It is also the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children to learn.It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are now learning English.‎ One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.English is spreading from ‎ northern Europe to the south and is now the second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark.If one visits any of them, it would seem that almost everyone there can talk in English.‎ Recently, a report said that at the beginning of 2001, English was the most widely known foreign language with 43% of Europeans saying they spoke it.The report also said that with over 89% of the population speaking English，Sweden now has the highest percentage of English speakers.What's more, English is the language rated as most useful to know, and over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language consider it useful.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文，主要讲述了英语在世界上的广泛使用。‎ ‎9．By writing this passage, the writer mainly wants to tell us ________.‎ A．why so many people speak English around the world B．that English has become a language spoken all over the world C．about the development of English in Europe D．something about the Englishspeaking countries 解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据本文的第一句“English has surely become the global language.”以及后文的具体描述可知，作者主要想告诉我们，英语是目前世界的通用语言。‎ ‎10．According to the passage, what has played an important role in spreading English around the world?‎ A．That governments have asked their people to learn it in school.‎ B．That English is the most beautiful language in the world.‎ C．That Europeans are willing to accept English as their language.‎ D．That people have to use English in their work.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.”可知C正确。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined word “rated” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Stood.　　　　　　　　 B．Agreed.‎ C．Considered. D．Argued.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据语境以及最后一句的“consider it useful”可知，rate在这里意为“认为；看作”。‎ ‎12．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Black parents don't want their children to learn English.‎ B．English is used in over 90 countries as an official language.‎ C．Not all international research scientists speak English at work.‎ D．English has become the most important language in Sweden.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“English is the working language ...as well as of most international research scientists.”可知，并不是所有的国际研究科学人员工作时都使用英语。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Once there was a very poor villager. He found it difficult even to support his family.‎ ‎ __1__ He walked about in the streets, but he did not get a job. One day, he met a rich businessman, who gave him the job of cleaning the office. The villager began his work and he even started reading and writing in his spare time.‎ One day, the businessman saw that the villager was writing something. He said, “You can also read and write! Your handwriting is very good.” __2__ The villager began to do this job as best as he could.‎ Later, the businessman learnt that the villager was good at accounting, and he made him his shop accountant (会计). The other accountants were very jealous of the villager's abilities. They told the businessman that the villager had a small room where he hid the money stolen from him. __3__‎ One day, they had their chance. They saw the villager going into “that” room. __4__ When they came back and opened the door, there was nothing in that room except an ordinary box.‎ The villager was ordered to open the box with his own hands. And there was only a pair of dirty shoes and some old clothes. __5__ At the same time, he was so angry with the jealous accountants that he fired (解雇) them at once. The villager was made the only accountant for his office.‎ A．He came to a big city hoping to find a job.‎ B．They closed the door behind him and ran to the businessman.‎ C．So the businessman decided to give the villager a good lesson.‎ D．Seeing this, the businessman was moved by what he had seen.‎ E．So the villager was given the work of writing business letters for him.‎ F．The villager wished that some kind people might give him a good job.‎ G．But the businessman refused to believe them unless he had seen it with his own eyes.‎ 答案：1～5　AEGBD Section_Ⅱ Warming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points ‎ ‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.elevator n．　　　电梯；升降机 ‎2.native adj. 本国的；本地的 n. 本地人；本国人 ‎3.apartment n. 〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅 ‎4.vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表 ‎5.spelling n. 拼写；拼法 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的 ‎2.gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 ‎3.enrich vt.使富裕；充实；改善→rich adj.富有的 ‎4.latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最近的；最新的→later adj.后期的→lately adv.近来；最近→late adj.迟的；晚的 ‎5.identity n．本身；本体；身份→identify v．认出；鉴定 ‎6.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅 ‎7.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地 1.同义词(英美英语)‎ ‎①petrol→gas n．　　　　　　汽油 ‎②flat→apartment n. 公寓 ‎③lift→elevator n. 电梯 ‎④underground→subway n. 地铁 ‎⑤picture→movie n. 电影 ‎⑥rubber→eraser n. 橡皮 ‎2.反义词 ‎①latter adj. 后者的 ‎②former adj. 前者的 ‎3.转化法(n.→v.)‎ ‎①base n．基部；基地；基础→vt.以……为基础 ‎②block n．街区；块；木块；石块→v.阻塞 ‎③command n．命令；指令；掌握→vt.命令；指令；掌握 ‎④request n．请求；要求→vt.请求；要求 ‎4.派生法(v.＋ing→n.)‎ ‎①spell→spelling n. 拼写 ‎②write→writing n. 写作；书写 ‎③listen→listening n. 听 ‎④read→reading n. 读 ‎⑤feel→feeling n. 感情 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.because_of　　　　　　　因为；由于 ‎2．come_up 走近；上来；被提出 ‎3．at_present 目前；现在 ‎4．make_use_of 利用；使用 ‎5．such_as 例如……；像这种的 ‎6．be_based_on 以……为基础 ‎7．more_than 超过；多于 ‎8．be_different_from 与……不同 ‎9．communicate_with 和……交流 ‎10．a_number_of 大量的；许多 1.in/on a team　　　　　　　　　在球队 ‎2．an official language 一门官方语言 ‎3．at the end of the 16th century 在16世纪末 ‎4．make voyages/a voyage 航海 ‎5．native English speakers 以英语为母语的人 ‎6．enrich the English language 丰富了英语这门语言 ‎7．a wider vocabulary 更大的词汇量 ‎8．as a foreign or second language 作为一门外语或第二语言 ‎ ‎ 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.Why not go by Underground?‎ 为什么不乘坐地铁去呢？ Why not ...？“为什么不……？”表示向别人提出建议。 Why_not_base your idea on the truth?‎ 为什么不把你的想法建立在事实的基础上呢？‎ ‎2.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。 even if ＝ even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”。 Even_if/though_I_am_busy_with_my_lessons,_I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.(2017•天津高考书面表达)‎ 尽管我忙于功课，我还是设法挤出时间和朋友们在一起。‎ ‎3.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。 more ... than ...与其说……倒不如说……。 In my opinion, he is more_lucky_than_clever.‎ 依我看来，与其说他聪明倒不如说他幸运。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P9)Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.‎ 后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。‎ because of 因为；由于 ‎①We have made such great progress because of your help.‎ 由于你的帮助，我们才取得这么大的进步。‎ ‎(1)because of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎(2)because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎②The sports meeting had to be put off because of the heavy rain.‎ ‎＝The sports meeting had to be put off because it rained heavily.‎ 由于下大雨，运动会不得不延期举行。‎ ‎③She didn't come to the party because_of what you had said.‎ 因为你所说的话，她没来参加这个聚会。‎ ‎2．(教材P10)Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。‎ native adj. 本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人 ‎(1)one's native country/land/language ‎ 某人的祖国/故乡/母语 be native to 原产于……‎ ‎(2)be a native of ... ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物 ‎①As a matter of fact, French is not my native language.‎ 事实上，法语不是我的母语。‎ ‎②Is her uncle a native of Shanghai, or just a visitor?‎ 她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客？‎ ‎③The researcher says the tiger is native to India.‎ 研究人员说这种虎产于印度。‎ ‎3．(教材P10)I'd like to come up to your apartment.‎ 我很乐意到你的公寓去。‎ come up 走近；上来；被提出；发生；发芽；(太阳、月亮等)升起 写出下列句中come up的含义 ‎①A foreigner came up to me and asked the way to the station.走近 ‎②In order to finish the task on time, a good piece of advice came up at the meeting.被提出 ‎③When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.升起 ‎④I'll let him know if anything comes up.发生 ‎[名师点津]　come up作“被提出；被谈到”讲时为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；come up with“提出；想出”，其主语为该动作的发出者，宾语为表示“建议、计划、方案等”的名词。试比较：‎ ‎⑤A good way to settle the problem came up at the meeting.‎ 在会上提出了一个解决这个问题的好办法。‎ ‎⑥They came up with a good way to settle the problem at the meeting.‎ 在会上他们提出了一个解决这个问题的好办法。‎ ‎4．(教材P10)Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.‎ 事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。‎ actually adv. 实际上；事实上 in fact ＝ as a matter of fact　 实际上；事实上 ‎①He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.‎ 他看起来很镇定，但实际上却非常紧张。‎ ‎②As a matter of fact/In fact, I don't know the truth.‎ 事实上，我不知道事情的真相。‎ ‎5．(教材P10)It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。‎ base vt.以……为根据/基础；基于n.基部；基地；基础 ‎(1)base ... on ...　　 以……为……的基础 be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据 ‎(2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的 ‎①One should always base his opinion on facts.‎ 一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。‎ ‎②In my diary, I set down a series of things that are all based on/upon facts.‎ 在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。‎ ‎③Based (base) on a true story, the film is very popular.‎ 以一个真实的故事为基础，这部电影非常受欢迎。‎ at present现在；目前 ‎(1)at the present time (＝at present)　　 目前；现在 for the present 目前；暂时 ‎(2)be present at 出席 ‎①I'm getting along well with my new classmates at present.‎ 目前，我与我的新同学相处愉快。‎ ‎②He doesn't know how to deal with the difficult situation for_the_present.‎ 暂时他不知道该怎样应对困难的局势。‎ ‎③All the people (who_were)_present_at the meeting were moved by his story.‎ 所有出席会议的人都被他的故事打动了。‎ ‎6．(教材P10)So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.‎ 所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。‎ make use of 利用；使用 make good use of　　　　　　 好好利用 make the best/most of 充分利用 make full use of 充分利用 make little use of 很少利用 ‎①You'd better make full use of this chance to improve your English.‎ 你最好充分利用这次机会提高你的英语。‎ ‎②The wise use should be_made (make) of such expensive material.‎ 应该明智地使用这种昂贵的材料。‎ ‎③Scientific knowledge should be made full use of to_help (help) us live a happy life.‎ 充分利用科学知识，帮助我们过上幸福的生活。‎ ‎7．(教材P10)The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.‎ 后者体现了美式英语拼写的不同特征。‎ latter adj. 较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的 ‎(1)the former ... the latter ...　 前者……，后者……‎ ‎(2)later adj. 后期的 lately adv. 近来；最近 ‎①The latter point is very important.‎ 后一个论点非常重要。‎ ‎②Of the two, the_former is more useful than the_latter.‎ 两者之中前者比后者更有用。‎ ‎③Believe it or not, I met him again three years later (late)．‎ 信不信由你，三年后我再次遇见他。‎ ‎8．(教材P10)English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.‎ 在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲的一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。‎ such as 例如……；像这种的 ‎①He can speak six languages, such as Chinese, Russian, German and so on.‎ 他会讲六种语言，例如汉语、俄语、德语等。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　such as, for example such as 用来列举事物，用在列举的事物与前面名词之间，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，as后面不可有逗号 for example ‎ 用来举例说明前面说过的话或提出的观点，一般列举同类人或事物中的一个，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末，往往用逗号隔开 ‎ ‎②The old man is concerned about many teenagers, such_as John, Peter and Tom.‎ 这位老人关心许多青少年，例如约翰、彼得和汤姆。‎ ‎③I'd like to keep a pet, for_example,_a dog.‎ 我想养宠物，比如养狗。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。‎ even if意为“即使；尽管”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎①Even if he knows the secret, he'll not let it out.‎ 即使他知道这个秘密，他也不会泄露的。‎ ‎②He is willing to help us even_if/though_he_is_very_busy.　‎ 尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。‎ ‎③He came to say goodbye to me even_if/though_it_was_raining_heavily.‎ 即使下着大雨他也来为我送别。‎ ‎2．It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。‎ ‎(1)more ... than ...　 与其说……倒不如说……；‎ ‎ 比……多；比……更……‎ ‎(2)more than与数词连用，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over ‎(3)more than＋n.意为“不只是；不仅仅……”‎ ‎①As far as I know, he is more careful than the others.‎ 据我所知，他比其他人更仔细。‎ ‎②When her son lied again, she was more_sad_than_angry.‎ 当她儿子再次撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。‎ ‎③They have been in love for more than 5 years.‎ 他们相爱已经5年多了。‎ ‎④They are more_than classmates. They are close friends.‎ 他们不只是同学，还是知心朋友。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I am very busy at present, and I can't join in your game.‎ ‎2．His story is_based (base) on his own experience when he was studying in Harvard University.‎ ‎3．Animals such as cats, dogs and horses are man's friends.‎ ‎4．John and James are brothers; the former is a doctor, and the latter (late) is an engineer.‎ ‎5．As we all know, the panda is native to China.‎ ‎6．Your spare time should be made full use of to_make (make) up your missed lessons.‎ Ⅱ.词汇替换(每空一词)‎ ‎1．Because there was heavy fog, the freeway was closed for the time being.‎ ‎→Because of the heavy fog, the freeway was closed for the time being.‎ ‎2．No one believed it, but, in fact, Helen did get an A on her math.‎ ‎→No one believed it, but, actually,_Helen did get an A on her math.‎ ‎→No one believed it, but as a matter of fact,_Helen did get an A on her math.‎ ‎3．The problem, which is being discussed now, is connected with the future of our school.‎ ‎→The problem, which is being discussed at present,_is connected with the future of our school.‎ ‎4．Many questions about how to learn English came up at the meeting.‎ ‎→They came up with many questions about how to learn English at the meeting.‎ ‎5．Although we could afford it, we wouldn't go abroad for our vacation.‎ ‎→Even if/though we could afford it, we wouldn't go abroad for our vacation.‎ ‎6．The dog is not only a pet, but also it is my friend.‎ ‎→The dog is more than a pet; it is also my friend.‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．My wife is a(n) native (本地的) New Yorker, but I'm from China.‎ ‎2．The voyage (航行) from England to India used to take six months.‎ ‎3．A good decision is based (以……为基础) on one's knowledge and experience.‎ ‎4．By the age of two a child will have a(n) vocabulary (词汇量) of about two hundred words.‎ ‎5．The police asked him to show his identity (身份) card before he entered the room.‎ ‎6．Both English and French are official (官方的) languages in Canada.‎ ‎7．I want an apartment (公寓) with two bedrooms and a kitchen.‎ ‎8．Having studied Chinese for two years, now she can speak Chinese fluently (流利地)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We hold such an activity to enrich (rich) our school life.‎ ‎2．He said that he used to make voyages to Africa at that time because of his business.‎ ‎3．Actually (actual), he is an honest and reliable person, whom you can depend on.‎ ‎4．Gradually (gradual), they are tired of life in the noisy city.‎ ‎5．Since he came to power, he has paid several official (office) visits to some foreign countries.‎ ‎6．Many questions came up at the meeting, but he answered none.‎ ‎7．We must speak English frequently (frequent) in order to improve spoken English.‎ ‎8．The differences between British and American spelling (spell) are slight.‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 because of， a large number of， at present， be different from， such as， than ever before， make use of， more than， come up， communicate with ‎1．As soon as the idea came_up,_people present all thought highly of it.‎ ‎2．They didn't climb the mountain because_of the rain.‎ ‎3．Make_use_of every chance you have to speak English.‎ ‎4．We've planted lots of different flowers, such_as roses and lilies.‎ ‎5．In order to find a better job, more and more people are working hard to learn all kinds of skills at_present.‎ ‎6．It's necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.‎ ‎7．More_than one student was tired of his long and boring speech.‎ ‎8．Don't trust him. Usually what he has said is_different_from what he has done.‎ ‎9．More money is spent on the improvement of living conditions than_ever_before.‎ ‎10．With a_large_number_of things to settle, I can't go to see a film with you.‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 So why has English changed 1.over time? Actually all languages change and develop 2.when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English 3.spoken (speak) today. It was based more 4.on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became 5.less (little) like German because those 6.who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and 7.especially (especial) its vocabulary. So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a 8.wider (wide) vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British 9.settlers (settle) moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people 10.were_taken (take) to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 我不了解学英语的正确方法，这使我很伤心。一天，我走上前去(come up)就如何学好英语征求我们英语老师的意见。他让我目前(at present)要尽可能经常地(frequently)使用英语。此外，他告诉我要充分利用(make good use of)每一个机会用英语同他人如(such as)老师、同学和室友等交流(communicate with)。最后他说，任何方法都建立在努力的基础上(be based on)。因为(because of)我的努力，我的英语成绩有了很大的提高。‎ I_didn't_know_the_correct_way_to_learn_English,_which_made_me_upset._One_day,_I_came_up_to_our_English_teacher_and_asked_him_for_advice_on_how_to_learn_English_well._He_asked_me_to_try_to_use_it_frequently_at_present._Besides,_he_told_me_that_I_should_make_good_use_of_every_chance_to_communicate_in_English_with_others_such_as_my_teachers,_my_classmates,_and_my_roommates._In_the_end,_he_said_that_any_method_is_based_on_hard_work._Because_of_my_hard_work,_my_English_has_improved_a_lot.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 When a person is curious about something, it means he is interested in it and wishes to know more about it. There is nothing __1__ with curiosity in itself. Whether it is good or bad __2__ on what people are curious about.‎ Curiosity is __3__ silly or wrong. Some persons with nothing to do are __4__ of curiosity about what their neighbors are doing. They are __5__ to know what they are eating or drinking, what they are bringing home or taking out or __6__ they have come home so early or late. To be interested in these things is __7__ because they are not important at all. It is none of their __8__ to know what neighbors do or are doing.‎ ‎ Such curiosity is __9__ not only foolish but also harmful. For most probably, it __10__ to small talk which often brings __11__， shame or disrespect to others, and thus hurt their feelings.‎ On the other __12__， there is a noble curiosity — the curiosity of the wise, who __13__ at all the great things and try to find out all they __14__ about them. Columbus could __15__ have found America if he had not been __16__. James Watt would not have made the steam engine __17__ his curiosity about the raising of the kettle lid (水壶盖). All the great discoveries and inventions in human history have been made __18__ a result of curiosity. __19__ the curiosity is never about unimportant things, which have __20__ or nothing to do with the happiness of the public.‎ 语篇解读：每个人都有一颗好奇的心，那么好奇是好事还是坏事呢？本文就这一问题展开了论述。‎ ‎1．A.good　　　　　　　 B．wrong C．right D．special 解析：选B　结合后面的“Whether it is good or bad”可知，好奇本身没有什么错。‎ ‎2．A.works B．puts C．takes D．depends 解析：选D　好奇是好还是坏取决于人们所好奇的事情。 depend on “依靠；取决于”。‎ ‎3．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．neither 解析：选B　根据后面讲述的内容可知，好奇有时候是愚蠢或错误的。‎ ‎4．A.full B．fond C．proud D．lack 解析：选A　结合 “with nothing to do” 可知，有些无所事事的人就对他们的邻居做什么充满了好奇。‎ ‎5．A.angry B．worried C．pleased D．anxious 解析：选D　由“curiosity”一词可知，他们急切地想知道邻居家吃什么或喝什么。‎ ‎6．A.how B．when C．why D．where 解析：选C　他们好奇邻居为什么回来得这么早或晚。‎ ‎7．A.silly B．necessary C．possible D．funny 解析：选A　与该段首句 “Curiosity is __3__ silly or wrong.” 可知，对这些事情好奇是很愚蠢的。‎ ‎8．A.work B．homework C．duty D．business 解析：选D　因为他们好奇的事情不重要，也与他们无关。 It is none of sb.'s business “与某人无关”。‎ ‎9．A.nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 解析：选C　这样的好奇是不仅愚蠢而且有害的东西。 something 在此表示“‎ 某种东西”。‎ ‎10．A.refers B．leads C．causes D．results 解析：选B　这样的好奇会导致一些小的争吵。 lead to “导致；造成”。 refer to “提及；参考”； result 和 in 搭配表示“导致”。‎ ‎11．A.pride B．harm C．nervousness D．selfishness 解析：选B　根据后面“shame or disrespect to others, and thus hurt their feelings”的提示可知，此处应选 harm 与之对应。‎ ‎12．A.face B．side C．way D．hand 解析：选D　前面讲述了好奇不好的方面，此处讲好奇好的方面，故用 on the other hand “在另一方面”。‎ ‎13．A.expect B．like C．wonder D．doubt 解析：选C　由前面的“the curiosity of the wise”可知，他们想知道所有好的东西。‎ ‎14．A.need B．dare C．must D．can 解析：选D　并且他们尽一切努力弄清楚它们。‎ ‎15．A.never B．ever C．probably D．finally 解析：选A　如果哥伦布不好奇的话，他就永远不能发现美国大陆。 never “永远不”。‎ ‎16．A.famous B．careful C．curious D．hard 解析：选C　该段主要讲述好奇的好处，故答案为C项。‎ ‎17．A.for B．without C．in D．from 解析：选B　没有好奇，瓦特就制造不出蒸汽发动机。‎ ‎18．A.before B．as C．after D．during 解析：选B　在人类历史上所有伟大的发现和发明都是好奇的结果。 as a result of “是……的结果”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎19．A.So B．And C．But D．Or 解析：选A　此处是根据前面内容得出的结论，故用 so。‎ ‎20．A.much B．little C．some D．few 解析：选B　与后面的 nothing 相一致，故选 little。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I am interested at swimming very much. At first, I went swimming just to keep health. Now my dream was to swim for my country in the Olympics. Though practicing in the pool is very bored, but I still work very hard in order to realize my dream. Because my hard work, I have already come first in much important competitions. In the competitions, I've made lot of friends and we're very close. It's much easier to have friends which are swimmers because they also have to get up early to practice like you and they understand this kind of life.‎ 答案：第一句：at→in 第二句：health→healthy 第三句：was→is 第四句：bored→boring; 去掉but 第五句：my前加of; much→many 第六句：lot→lots或lot前加a 第七句：which→who/that; you→me Section_Ⅲ Grammar — 直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)‎ ‎ ‎ 语法图解 ‎ ‎ 探究发现 ‎1．He said to Ann, “Tell me your problem.”‎ ‎→He told Ann to tell him her problem.‎ ‎2．David said to me, “Leave the room quietly.”‎ ‎→David ordered me to leave the room quietly.‎ ‎3．“Could you please arrive by 8：00？” she asked.‎ ‎→She asked me to arrive by 8：00.‎ ‎4．“Be careful with the dog, boys，” she said.‎ ‎→She warned the boys to be careful with the dog.‎ ‎5．“Don't work in bed, Tom，” she said.‎ ‎→She told Tom not to work in bed.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ 如果直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常采用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有tell, order, ask, warn，如句1～4。如果转述的祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not，如句5。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、祈使句变间接引语 如果直接引语是表示命令、建议或提议、请求、警告或提醒的祈使句，变为间接引语时通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的不定式，并在不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask, tell, order, suggest, advise, beg, warn, remind, invite, request, command, encourage等动词。‎ ‎1．表示命令的祈使句 引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.的形式。‎ ‎“Finish the task in ten minutes.” the manager said to the clerk.‎ ‎→The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.‎ ‎“Keep silent！” said the chairman.‎ ‎→The chairman ordered to keep silent.‎ ‎[即时演练1]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎ ‎①“Follow his instructions，” she said to me.‎ ‎→She told me to_follow his instructions.‎ ‎②The officer said, “Go away.”‎ ‎→The officer ordered us to_go away.‎ ‎2．表示建议等的祈使句 当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用suggest＋doing/that从句(suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/beg＋sb.＋to do等结构。‎ Mary said，“Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon.”‎ ‎→Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon.‎ ‎→Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon.‎ ‎“Please have a rest.” she said to us.‎ ‎→She asked us to have a rest.‎ ‎[即时演练2]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎ ‎①“Do some shopping for me, please，” he said to her.‎ ‎→He asked her to_do some shopping for him.‎ ‎②Jack said, “Let's go to the cinema tonight.”‎ ‎→Jack suggested that we (should)_go to the cinema that night.‎ ‎→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.‎ ‎3．表示警告或提醒的祈使句 引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind, warn等词转述。‎ ‎“Take an umbrella in case of rain.” his mother said to him.‎ ‎→His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain.‎ The leader said to the workers，“Don't speak while working.”‎ ‎→The leader warned the workers not to speak while working.‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth.。‎ ‎(2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。‎ She said, “Don't make so much noise, children！”‎ ‎→She told the children not to make so much noise.‎ ‎[即时演练3]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎ ‎①“Don't forget to take your book with you.” said she.‎ ‎→She reminded me not_to_forget_to_take my book with me.‎ ‎②“Don't break the rules.” said the headmaster.‎ ‎→The headmaster warned not_to_break_the_rules.‎ 二、表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语 若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would ... please？”‎ 型一般疑问句，变间接引语时常用“ask sb. to do sth.”结构，且please要去掉。‎ ‎“Would you buy some bread for me？” he said to her.‎ ‎→He asked her to buy some bread for him.‎ ‎“Would you sleep and get up early, children？” Father said.‎ ‎→Father asked the children to sleep and get up early.‎ ‎[即时演练4]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎ ‎①“Can you lend me two yuan？” he asked me.‎ ‎→He asked me to_lend him two yuan.‎ ‎②Mike asked, “Can you tell me the way to the post office, Bob？”‎ ‎→Mike asked Bob to_tell him the way to the post office.‎ ‎③Jack said to me, “Will you please do it for me？”‎ ‎→Jack asked me to_do it for him.‎ 三、感叹句变间接引语 感叹句的直接引语变间接引语，直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。‎ ‎“What a beautiful dress it is！” the girl said to her friend.‎ ‎→The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was.‎ ‎→The girl told her friend that it was a very beautiful dress.‎ ‎[即时演练5]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎①He said, “What a beautiful view it is！”‎ ‎→He said what_a_beautiful_view_it_was!‎ ‎②“How interesting a story it is！” she said.‎ ‎→She said how_interesting_a_story_it_was.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.将下面的直接引语变为间接引语 ‎1．“Go to bed at the same time every night，” the doctor said to me.‎ ‎→The_doctor_told/advised_me_to_go_to_bed_at_the_same_time_every_night.‎ ‎2．My father said to me, “Don't drink and drive.”‎ ‎→My_father_told_me_not_to_drink_and_drive.‎ ‎3．“Please buy some cakes for me on your way to school, Mary，” said Tom.‎ ‎→Tom_asked_Mary_to_buy_some_cakes_for_him_on_her_way_to_school.‎ ‎4．“Could you call back later？” the secretary asked Mike.‎ ‎→The_secretary_asked_Mike_to_call_back_later.‎ ‎5．The teacher said, “Don't disturb me, boys.”‎ ‎→The_teacher_told_the_boys_not_to_disturb_him.‎ ‎6．Tony said to them，“Be careful when you stop your cars.”‎ ‎→Tony_warned_them_to_be_careful_when_they_stop_their_cars.‎ ‎7．Kate said, “Let's discuss the problem tomorrow.”‎ ‎→①Kate_suggested_discussing_the_problem_the_next_day.‎ ‎→②Kate_suggested_that_we_(should)_discuss_the_problem_the_next_day.‎ ‎8．“What a lovely girl she is！” he said.‎ ‎→①He said what a_lovely_girl_she_was.‎ ‎→②He said that she was_a_very_lovely_girl.‎ ‎→③He said how lovely_a_girl_she_was.‎ Ⅱ.从括号内选择合适的内容填空 Last Monday I visited Dr. James' clinic. He asked me 1.to_arrive (arrive/to arrive) at 8：30 2.that_night (tonight/that night). He 3.told (said/told) me to bring 4.my (my/your) nightshirt and toothbrush. I arrived on time. His assistant, Charles, invited me 5.to_watch (watch/to watch) TV in the waiting room. He told me to relax 6.there (here/there) while they got my room ready. An hour later, Charles came back and got me ready for bed. He linked (连接) me to a machine. “Could you please 7.explain (explain/to explain)？” I asked. He explained that the machine recorded brain activity. Charles ordered me 8.not_to (don't/not to) leave the bed until the next morning. To my surprise, I fell asleep right away. In the morning, Dr. James told me that except for some leg movements during the night, I had healthy sleep patterns. He advised me 9.to_get (get/to get) some more exercise. At last, he suggested 10.my_going (my going/me to go) on a diet.‎ Section_Ⅳ Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现] [读文清障]‎ STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard① English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not②， there is no such③ thing as④ standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV⑤ and the radio⑥ is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news⑦ were expected⑧ to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak⑨.‎ When people use words and expressions○10 different from the “standard language”⑪， it is called a dialect⑫. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern⑬， southern⑭， African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring⑮ towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over⑯ the world.‎ ‎①standard adj.标准的；普通的n.标准；规格 ‎②believe it or not信不信由你 ‎③such adj.如此的；这样的 ‎④as表示“像……一样”‎ ‎⑤on TV在电视上 ‎⑥过去分词短语spoken on TV and the radio作后置定语，修饰the English。‎ ‎⑦who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。‎ ‎⑧expect vt.盼望；预期；预料 ‎⑨people speak为定语从句，修饰the way。省略了作状语的引导词that/in which。‎ ‎○10expression [Ik'spreʃn] n．词语；表示；表达 ‎⑪形容词短语different from the “standard language”作后置定语，修饰其前面的words and expressions。‎ ‎⑫dialect ['daIəlekt] n．方言 ‎⑬midwestern [mId'westən] adj.中西部的；有中西部特性的 ‎⑭southern adj.南方的；南部的 ‎⑮neighbouring adj.附近的；毗邻的(只作前置定语)‎ ‎⑯all over遍及；到处 标准英语和方言 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 什么是标准英语？是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰人所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视上和收音机里(播音员)所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们的说话方式是有差别的。‎ 当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。美式英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。甚至在美国的一些地区，相邻两个城镇的人所说的方言也稍有不同。美式英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为那里的人来自世界各地。‎ Geography also plays a part in⑰ making dialects. Some people who⑱ live in the mountains of the eastern⑲ USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern⑳ USA speak with almost the same dialect as○21 people in the northwestern○22 USA. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken○23. Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize○24 and understand each other's dialects.‎ ‎⑰play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与 ‎⑱who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Some people。‎ ‎⑲eastern ['iːstən] adj.东方的；东部的 ‎⑳southeastern [ˌsaʊθ'iːstən] adj.东南方的；来自东南的 ‎○21the same ... as ...和……一样的……‎ ‎○22northwestern [ˌnɔːθ'westən] adj.西北方的；来自西北的 ‎○23in which引导定语从句，从句修饰a large country。‎ ‎○24recognize ['rekəɡnaIz] vt.辨认出；承认；公认 ‎[第3段译文]‎ 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人就说着一种比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言带了过去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。美国是一个使用多种不同方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。‎ ‎ ‎ Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．From the text, we know that ________ is standard English.‎ A．British English B．American English C．the English spoken in Australia D．no English ‎2．People think the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English, because ‎ ________.‎ A．people believe those who reported the news speak excellent English B．they speak the same English C．they speak it to all the people D．there are some dialects on TV and the radio ‎3．American English has so many dialects because ________.‎ A．people have come from all over the world B．the US is made up of so many states C．Americans move from one place to another D．the US is a large country 答案：1～3　DAA ‎ ‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.command n．& vt.　　命令；指令；掌握 ‎2.request n．& vt. 请求；要求 ‎3.accent n. 口音；腔调；重音 ‎4.lightning n. 闪电 ‎5.straight adv. 直接；挺直 ‎ adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的 ‎6.block n. 街区；块；木块；石块 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.expression n．词语；表示；表达→express v．表达；表示 ‎2.eastern adj.东方的；东部的→east n．东方；东部地区 ‎3.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．认出；承认 1.动词＋sion变为名词的常见单词 ‎①express→expression　　　表达；表情 ‎②discuss→discussion 讨论 ‎③decide→decision 决定 ‎2.“方位”大聚焦 ‎①midwest n．中西部→midwestern adj.中西部的 ‎②southeast n．东南→southeastern adj.东南的 ‎③northwest n．西北→northwestern adj.西北的 ‎④east n．东方→eastern adj.东部的 ‎⑤west n．西方→western adj.西部的 ‎⑥south n．南方→southern adj.南部的 ‎⑦north n．北方→northern adj.北部的 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.believe_it_or_not　　　　　　信不信由你 ‎2．from_all_over_the_world 来自世界各地 ‎3．play_a_part_(in) 扮演一个角色；参与 ‎4．from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方 ‎5．the_same_..._as_... 和……相同 ‎6．hold_on 请稍等(电话用语)‎ ‎7．take_note_of 注意；记下 ‎8．build_up 建立；增进(健康) 1.without a second thought　　　不假思索 ‎2．correct your spelling mistakes 纠正你的拼写错误 ‎3．turn off the radio 关闭收音机 ‎4．standard English 标准英语 ‎5．in the early days of radio 在早期的电台节目里 ‎6．two people from neighbouring towns ‎ 两个来自相邻城镇的人 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.As we know, British English is a little different from American English.‎ 众所周知，英式英语和美式英语有所不同。 as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如；正像”。 As_we_know/As_is_known_to_us,_China is a developing country. ‎ 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。‎ ‎2.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.‎ 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。 There is no such ... as ...没有像……的。 There_is_no_such_thing_as a free lunch in the world.‎ 天下没有免费的午餐。‎ ‎3.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.‎ 这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。 This/That is becau se ...这/那是因为……。 This_is_because you are playing an important part in your family. ‎ 这是因为你在你的家庭中起着重要作用。‎ ‎4.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.‎ 因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。 the same ... as与……一样。 Could you buy me the_same_book_as you gave Tom yesterday？‎ 你能给我买一本和你昨天给汤姆的那本一样的书吗？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P12)Can you find the following command and request from Reading? Let's see how to retell them in indirect speech.‎ 你能从阅读部分找到下列命令和请求的表达方式吗？我们看看如何把它们转述为间接引语。‎ command n．&vt.命令；指令；掌握 ‎(1)have a command of ...　 了解/掌握……‎ under the command of sb. ＝ under sb.'s command ‎ 由某人指挥；由某人控制 be in command of 控制……‎ take command of 控制……‎ ‎(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command that sb. (should) do sth. 命令某人做某事 ‎①Because of his years of hard work, he has a good command of French now.‎ 由于他数年勤奋学习，现在他的法语很好。‎ ‎②She is in_command_of our class at present.‎ 她目前负责我们班。‎ ‎③The police arrived and took_command_of the situation.‎ 警察到达后就控制了局势。‎ ‎④The policeman commanded the thief to_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.‎ ‎＝The policeman commanded that the thief (should)_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.‎ 警察命令那个小偷上交他所偷的东西。‎ request n．&vt.请求；要求 ‎(1)at sb.'s request ＝ at the request of sb.‎ ‎ 应某人的请求 make a request for sth./that ... 请求……，要求……‎ ‎(2)request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 request that sb. (should) do ... 要求……‎ ‎①The boy requested a cellphone from his parents.‎ 那个男孩向父母要一部手机。‎ ‎②The tourist came up to the native, and made a request for his help.‎ 这位游客走向那位本地人，向他求助。‎ ‎③Our headteacher requested us to_go (go) over our lessons.‎ ‎＝Our headteacher requested that we (should)_go (go) over our lessons.‎ 班主任要求我们复习功课。‎ ‎2．(教材P13)When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”， it is called a dialect.‎ 当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。‎ expression n．词语；表示；表达；表情 ‎(1)beyond expression　　　　　 无法形容；表达不出 without expression 毫无表情 ‎(2)express vt. 表达 express oneself 表达自己的意见 ‎①The view in my hometown is beautiful beyond expression.‎ 我家乡的景色美得无法形容。‎ ‎②He looked at me without expression.‎ 他毫无表情地看着我。‎ ‎③He is still unable to_express_himself in English.‎ 他仍旧不能用英语表达自己的意见。‎ ‎3．(教材P13)Geography also plays a part in making dialects.‎ 地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。‎ play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与 play a part in ＝ play a role in　　　 在……扮演一个角色；在……起作用 play the part/role of ... 扮演……的角色 ‎①As we all know, computers play an important part in modern society.‎ 众所周知，计算机在现代社会中起着重要的作用。‎ ‎②She plays_an_active_part/role_in all kinds of activities held by school.‎ 她积极参与学校举行的各种各样的活动。‎ ‎③In the film, he will play the part/role of a policeman.‎ 在这部电影里他将扮演一位警察的角色。‎ ‎4．(教材P13)Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.‎ 虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。‎ recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认 ‎(1)recognize sb./one's voice　　 认出某人/听出某人的声音 recognize sb./sth. as/to be 承认……是……‎ recognize that ... 承认……‎ ‎(2)recognition n. 认出；认识 beyond recognition 无法辨认 ‎①Jack has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him.‎ 杰克变化这么大，以至于我几乎认不出他来。‎ ‎②We recognize him to_be (be) a hardworking and honest person.‎ 我们认为他是一个勤奋并且诚实的人。‎ ‎③We have_to_recognize_that there are shortcomings in our work.‎ 我们不得不承认我们的工作中有缺点。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.‎ 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。‎ there is no such ... (as ...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。‎ ‎①There is no such (＝not such a ) man in our company.‎ 我们的公司没有这样的人。‎ ‎②It may help you to know that there_is_no_such_thing_as a perfect speech.‎ 它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。‎ ‎2．This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.‎ 这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。‎ This/That is because ...　　 这/那是因为……‎ This/That is why ... /那就是……的原因。‎ ‎①He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.‎ 他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。‎ ‎②You have made great progress in English. This is because you have improved your studying methods.‎ 你在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这是因为你改进了学习方法。‎ ‎③I've got a cold; that is why I wouldn't like to have a meal.‎ 我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。‎ ‎3．So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.‎ 因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。‎ the same (...) as ...和……一样；与……相同。‎ ‎①As a matter of fact, I have the same trouble as you.‎ 事实上，我和你有同样的烦恼。‎ ‎(1)the same ... as ...　　　　 表示同类的事物 ‎(2)the same ... that ... 表示同一个事物 ‎②This is the same book as Mr Li lost.‎ 这本书和李先生丢的书一样。(同类的书)‎ ‎③This is the same book that Mr Li lost.‎ 这就是李先生丢的那本书。(同一本书)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．①In the company, we know that he is_recognized (recognize) as a strict leader.‎ ‎②—How do you like our city?‎ ‎—It has changed beyond all recognition (recognize) in the past 20 years, a completely new one in front of me.‎ ‎2．①We send messages to people around us through facial expressions (express) and body movements.‎ ‎②The boy is old enough to_express (express) himself.‎ ‎3．①Having (have) a good command of English and computer science is of great help.‎ ‎②The command was that the room (should)_be_cleaned (clean) at once.‎ ‎③He is in command of the basketball team.‎ ‎④The boss commanded me to_go (go) there at once.‎ ‎⑤The boss commanded that I (should)_go (go) there at once.‎ ‎4．①The teacher made a request that the students (should)_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.‎ ‎②The teacher requested that the students (should)_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.‎ ‎③The teacher requested the students to_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.‎ ‎④The students were_requested (request) to be well prepared for the coming exam last week.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Vinegar plays_an_important_part/role_in_helping us keep healthy.(play)‎ 醋在帮助我们保持健康方面起着重要作用。‎ ‎2．There_is_no_such_man as you have described in our neighbourhood.(such)‎ 我们的居民区没有你描述的那样的人。‎ ‎3．There are many fans crowded in the concert hall now. This_is_because their idol is to hold a concert here.(because)‎ 现在很多歌迷挤在音乐厅里。这是因为他们的偶像将在这里举办音乐会。‎ ‎4．I bought the same book as_you_gave_to_her.‎ 我买了一本和你给她的一样的书。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Would you be kind enough to explain the meaning of this expression (词语) to me?‎ ‎2．Even today tobacco is grown along America's Eastern (东部的) Coast.‎ ‎3．The man spoke on the phone and I couldn't recognize (辨认出) his voice.‎ ‎4．Judging by her accent (口音), she must be a southerner.‎ ‎5．Thunder and lightning (闪电) are not caused by gods' being angry.‎ ‎6．Go straight (笔直地) down the road until you come to the English language school.‎ ‎7．The hotel is not far from here. Just turn right at the end of the block (街区)．‎ ‎8．The cab (出租车) driver promised to get me to the meeting on time.‎ ‎9．The bridge trembled when the heavy lorry (卡车) drove over it.‎ ‎10．Most of the African (非洲的) countries have suffered from drought in recent years.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．My father requested that I arrived home at dusk.arrived→arrive ‎2．I'm in your command. What would you like me to do at present？in→at ‎3．There is no such a word within my memory.去掉a或no→not ‎4．Telephones are playing the important part in our daily life.the→an ‎5．He failed in the exam. That was why he didn't study hard.why→because ‎6．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life like you are.like→as Ⅲ.选词填空 build up， take note of， play an important part in， from all over the world， the same ... as， believe it or not ‎1．As we all know, cars play_an_important_part_in our life.‎ ‎2．Heat may travel in the_same manner as light does.‎ ‎3．After he recovered from illness, he tried to build_up his strength.‎ ‎4．We should welcome friends from_all_over_the_world with a smile and be friendly to everyone.‎ ‎5．Believe_it_or_not,_the little boy can lift the heavy box.‎ ‎6．Take_note_of what I say and do not forget it.‎ ‎[本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Many students believe the choice of their courses and universities should be based on their own interests.‎ ‎2．What on earth did you tell her? The expression (express) on her face suggested that she was more than angry.‎ ‎3．I believe that you will be able to speak English fluently (fluent) in one month.‎ ‎4．Teachers enrich (rich) their own knowledge while teaching their students.‎ ‎5．Every minute should be made use of to_learn (learn) English well.‎ ‎6．Women are_playing (play) a more and more important part in today's society — they hold up half the sky.‎ ‎7．As we all know, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.‎ ‎8．As the strong winds blew down many tall trees, some of the streets in the city were_blocked (block)．‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．After three years of study, she has_a_good_command_of_the_dialect here.‎ 经过三年的学习，她已经对这里的方言掌握得非常好。‎ ‎2．There_is_no_such_thing_as “slimming” food in the world.‎ 世上根本就没有“减肥”食物这样的东西。‎ ‎3．Even_though_I_have_studied_English_for_six_years,_I still have some difficulty in communicating with Americans.‎ 尽管我学了六年英语，我与美国人交流起来仍有困难。‎ ‎4．He wouldn't like to go out; this_is_because_he_doesn't_feel_well.‎ 他不想出去，这是因为他觉得不舒服。‎ ‎5．Tom is_more_than_my_neighbor. He is a good friend of mine as well.‎ 汤姆不仅是我的邻居，也是我的一个好朋友。‎ ‎6．①Because_of_the_bad_air,_we have got to stay indoors all day long these days.‎ ‎②Because_the_air_is_bad,_we have got to stay indoors all day long these days.‎ 因为糟糕的空气，我们这些天不得不整天待在室内。‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes? Let's have a look.‎ People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants. Sometimes, people may get caught with their pants down. They are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family.‎ Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.‎ I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.‎ Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people.‎ My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些与衣服有关的英语习语。‎ ‎1．What is this passage mainly about?‎ A．What pants mean in English.‎ B．Some special English expressions.‎ C．Some funny English expressions.‎ D．Some expressions related to clothes.‎ 解析：选D　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文主要是介绍了一些关于衣服的英语习语。‎ ‎2．Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous?‎ A．Get caught with one's pants down.‎ B．Have ants in one's pants.‎ C．Wear the pants in the family.‎ D．Burn a hole in one's pocket.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants.”可知B正确。‎ ‎3．If we say someone has to tighten his belt, we probably mean he ________.‎ A．has done something wrong B．used to live a rich life C．has put on the wrong pants D．is short of money 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“If you have less money than usual ...”可知D正确。‎ ‎4．Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat most probably________.‎ A．doesn't save money B．earns much money C．never wastes his money D．spends more than he earns 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句句意：然而，当谈到我自己的钱时，……这就意味着我花钱快。故选A。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ English is a language spoken all around the world. It's reported that English is used __1__ almost a billion people in the world and 83% of the world's emails __2__ (write) in English.‎ Now __3__ number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million. Now, everywhere in the world children go to school __4__ (learn) English. Most of them learn English for five or six years at high school.‎ Lee is studying English because he wants to be a __5__ (science) and he knows that English is the international language of science. Most scientists write __6__ English. Wei Ling wants to work for an airline when she __7__ (leave) school. She needs to learn English because English is the international language __8__ (use) on airlines and all pilots speak English. Her teacher told her __9__ (go) on an English course this summer to improve her English.‎ I think with so many people __10__ (communicate) in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.‎ 答案：1.by　2.are written　3.the　4.to learn　5.scientist ‎6．in　7.leaves　8.used　9.to go　10.communicating Section_Ⅴ Writing — 海 报 ‎ ‎ 英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确，一目了然。它还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。‎ 一、基本框架 ‎1．标题 首先根据海报的特点及格式写明标题。 ‎ ‎2．正文部分 不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报，首先引出话题，其次列出原因，最后总结。对于宣传类海报，要写清楚具体内容，如：活动内容、地点以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。‎ ‎3．落款 ‎ 出海报的单位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行。‎ 二、增分佳句 ‎1．活动宣传类 ‎(1)开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间 ‎①We'll have a show/football match on July 16th.‎ 我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。‎ ‎②There is a piece of news that we'll hold a ... show/football match on July 16th.‎ 有消息说我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。‎ ‎③Our school is holding an English party at seven in the concert hall this evening.‎ 我们学校将于今晚七点在校音乐厅举行英语晚会。‎ ‎(2)正文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容 ‎①The match will be wonderful.‎ 比赛会非常精彩。‎ ‎②You can buy tickets online, and the price is 2 yuan for each.‎ 可以网上订票，每人两元。‎ ‎③Call Lily at 51542636 or email ...‎ 请致电莉莉51542636或发电子邮件……‎ ‎(3)结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣 ‎ ‎①Please come and cheer for them. ‎ 快来给他们加油吧。‎ ‎②All are warmly welcome.‎ 热烈欢迎各位。‎ ‎③Catch the chance, or you will regret.‎ 抓住机会，不会后悔。‎ ‎2．招聘广告类 ‎①Would you like to be a volunteer?‎ 想成为志愿者吗？‎ ‎②You are required to be able to speak English.‎ 要求会说英语。‎ ‎③You can get 500 yuan per day/month/year.‎ 日薪/月薪/年薪500元。‎ ‎④You should have three years of work experience.‎ 要求有三年工作经验。‎ ‎⑤Please call ... if you want to ...‎ 如果有意请致电……‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 为提高我校学生的英语口语水平，我们将举办英语演讲比赛(Englishspeaking contest)，请你根据下面的信息，以学生会(the Students' Union)的名义写一份100词左右的海报，欢迎全校同学参加，届时特邀本校美籍教师史密斯先生颁奖。‎ 报名时间 9月30日以前(报名：sign up)‎ 报名地点 学生会办公室 比赛时间 10月9日晚7：00～9：00‎ 比赛地点 学校大会议室 奖励 前8名 第一步：审题构思很关键 一、审题 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为应用文(海报)；‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一人称；‎ ‎3．确定时态：本文使用一般将来时和一般现在时。‎ 二、构思 第一层介绍将要举行英语演讲比赛及举行的时间、地点。‎ 第二层介绍可参赛的人员，比赛报名的时间、地点。‎ 第三层介绍比赛的颁奖人及奖励情况。‎ 第二步：核心词汇想周全 ‎1．improve_spoken_English　　　　　提高英语口语 ‎2．have_an_Englishspeaking_contest 举行英语演讲比赛 ‎3．take_part_in 参加 ‎4．sign_up 报名 ‎5．the_Students'_Union 学生会 ‎6．sb._is_welcome_to_do_sth. 欢迎某人做某事 ‎7．be_invited_to_do_sth. 被邀请做某事 ‎8．be_awarded_by 由……颁奖 第三步：由词扩句雏形现 ‎1．我们想提高我们的英语口语。(want to do sth.)‎ We_want_to_improve_our_spoken_English.‎ ‎2．我们要举行全校英语演讲比赛。(一般将来时)‎ We_are_going_to_have_an_Englishspeaking_contest_for_all_the_students_of_our_school.‎ ‎3．比赛将于十月九日晚七点至九点在学校大会议室举行。(一般将来时的被动语态)‎ The_contest_will_be_held_from_7：00_p．m._to_9：00_p．m._on_Oct._9_in_our_school_meeting_hall.‎ ‎4．想参加比赛的学生在九月三十日之前到学生会办公室报名。(定语从句)‎ The_students_who_want_to_take_part_in_the_contest_should_come_to_sign_up_at_the_office_of_the_Students'_Union_before_Sept._30.‎ ‎5．将邀请本校教师史密斯先生出席比赛。(一般将来时的被动语态)‎ Mr_Smith_who_works_in_our_school_will_be_invited_to_attend_the_contest.‎ ‎6．史密斯先生将给前八名胜出者颁奖。(主谓宾结构)‎ Mr_Smith_will_award_the_first_eight_winners.‎ 第四步：句式升级造亮点 ‎1．用in order to do sth.作目的状语连接句1和句2‎ In_order_to_improve_our_spoken_English,_we_are_going_to_have_an_Englishspeaking_contest_for_all_the_students_of_our_school.‎ ‎2．将句6变为被动语态 The_first_eight_winners_will_be_awarded_by_Mr_Smith.‎ 第五步：过渡衔接联成篇 Englishspeaking Contest In_order_to_improve_our_spoken_English,_we_are_going_to_have_an_Englishspeaking_contest_for_all_the_students_of_our_school._It_will_be_held_from_7：00_p．m._to_9：00_p．m._on_Oct._9_in_our_school_meeting_hall._The_students_who_want_to_take_part_in_the_contest_should_come_to_sign_up_at_the_office_of_the_Students'_Union_before_Sept._30._All_the_students_are_welcome_to_attend_it._At_the_appointed_time,_Mr_Smith_who_works_in_our_school_will_be_invited_to_attend_the_contest,_and_the_first_eight_winners_will_be_awarded_by_Mr_Smith.‎ The_Students'_Union Sept._10‎ ‎ ‎ At present, a very large number of Chinese people come up to Ghana because of the attraction of gold. With the dream of becoming rich, they usually make a hard voyage to arrive there because it is not official. However, there is no such thing as free lunch in the world. Although they try to make full use of every minute to dig for gold, actually few of them succeed. On the contrary, they are often faced with frequent robbery from the natives there. Some people lost their lives even if they shouldn't have been killed. Gradually, more than one of them recognized that gold could not play the most important part in their life. So some of them have been back home at the request of their family.‎ 目前，有很多中国人因为淘金来到加纳。带着发财的梦想，他们通常会历经艰难的航程才到达那里，因为这并非是官方允许的。然而，天下没有免费的午餐。尽管他们充分利用每一分钟去淘金，而事实上却很少有人成功。相反，他们经常面临当地人的频繁抢劫。尽管他们不该杀，有些人还是失去了生命。逐渐地，很多人意识到金子不该是他们生活中最重要的，所以他们中有些人已经在家人的请求下回家了。‎ ‎ ‎ 加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练 Ⅰ.完形填空 ‎“Fire! Fire！” What terrible words to hear when I __1__ in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, __2__ house — the sort that burns easily — and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of bed, __3__ the door and stepped out ‎ into the passage. It was full of __4__.‎ I began to __5__， but as I was still only half awake, __6__ going towards the stairs I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew thicker and I found it hard to __7__. The floor became __8__ under my feet. I ran into another room and tried to reach the __9__ for fresh air. Suddenly, one of my feet got caught in something __10__ and I fell down. The thing I had fallen over felt like a package of clothes, and I picked it up to protect my __11__ from the smoke and heat. Just then the floor __12__ under me and I fell through to the floor below with pieces of __13__ wood all around me.‎ ‎__14__， there was a doorway in front, so I put the package over my face and ran. My feet were terribly burned, but I __15__. As I reached the cold air outside, my package of clothes gave a __16__. I nearly dropped it in my surprise. Then I saw there were many people in the street. A woman screamed (尖叫) as she saw me and came running __17__.‎ ‎“My baby! My baby！” she cried. Those people cheered loudly __18__ she took the smokeblackened package out of my arms. I almost __19__ to see who she was — my boss's wife. I had __20__ her baby, and become a hero!‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己经历的一次火灾。‎ ‎1．A.hung up　　　　　　 B．called back C．woke up D．turned back 解析：选C　由该空后的“in the middle of the night”以及下文的“I jumped out of bed”可知，作者听到有人喊“着火了！着火了！”就“醒来(woke up)”了。‎ ‎2．A.clean B．empty C．strong D．wooden 解析：选D　由该空后的“the sort that burns easily”可知，这是一座很大的“木制(wooden)”房屋。‎ ‎3．A.opened B．closed C．locked D．answered 解析：选A　由该空后的“stepped out into the passage”可知，作者“打开(opened)”门，来到了走廊。‎ ‎4．A.water B．smoke C．books D．toys 解析：选B　下文的“The smoke grew thicker”是提示。‎ ‎5．A.run B．play C．talk D．read 解析：选A　作者发现房屋失火后，开始准备逃离，故填run。‎ ‎6．A.as for B．except for C．instead of D．because of 解析：选C　由于作者还是半睡半醒状态，就没有朝楼梯而是朝相反的方向跑去了，故填instead of。‎ ‎7．A.sleep B．work C．hear D．breathe 解析：选D　由该空前的“The smoke grew thicker”可知，烟雾越来越浓，所以作者感到“呼吸(breathe)”困难。‎ ‎8．A.hard B．hot C．cold D．dirty 解析：选B　由于大火，作者脚下的地板也“热(hot)”起来了。‎ ‎9．A.window B．table C．telephone D．bed 解析：选A　由该空后的“for fresh air”可知，作者试图靠近“窗户(window)”以便呼吸新鲜空气。‎ ‎10．A.wet B．boring C．soft D．dangerous 解析：选C　由下文的“The thing ... felt like a package of clothes”可知，作者的一只脚被一个“软软的(soft)”东西绊了一下。‎ ‎11．A.hands B．arms C．back D．face 解析：选D　作者把它捡起来遮住“脸(face)”，以此来挡住烟火和热气。‎ ‎12．A.rose B．broke C．increased D．returned 解析：选B　由该空后的“I fell through to the floor below”可知，作者脚下的地板塌下去了，故填broke。‎ ‎13．A.burning B．growing C．green D．light 解析：选A　由于房屋是木结构的，所以这里是说一块块“燃烧着的(burning)”木板。‎ ‎14．A.Strangely B．Naturally C．Luckily D．Recently 解析：选C　由该空后的“there was a doorway in front”可知，作者感到非常“幸运(Luckily)”，逃生有望了。‎ ‎15．A.gave up B．set off C．looked around D．got through 解析：选D　由下文的“I reached the cold air outside”可知，尽管作者的脚被烫得够呛，但还是“冲出来(got through)”了。‎ ‎16．A.role B．cry C．task D．lesson 解析：选B　由下文的“I nearly dropped it in my surprise”和“baby”等信息可知，从作者手里的那捆衣服里传出了“哭声(cry)”。‎ ‎17．A.madly B．slowly C．carefully D．patiently 解析：选A　由下文的“‘My baby! My baby！’ she cried.”可知，这位妇女看到自己的孩子被救出来，“发疯(madly)”似的跑了过来。‎ ‎18．A.if B．once C．as D．unless 解析：选C　“当(as)”她从作者手中接过那个被烟熏黑的包裹时，人们欢呼了起来。‎ ‎19．A.agreed B．forgot C．regretted D．failed 解析：选D　作者差点没有看出来她是谁，故填failed。‎ ‎20．A.hurt B．saved C．killed D．punished 解析：选B　由下文的“I became a hero”可知，作者“救(saved)”了她的孩子。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 If you were to travel back in time to the tenth century, you probably wouldn't be able to understand a sentence that anyone said to you.They'd be speaking Old English. Talking to a tenthcentury Englishman, you'd probably only be able to understand a few words like “a” or “the”．Only about onesixth of today's English words have an Old English root (词根), with the rest having foreign influences.‎ Gradually Old English turned into the Middle English that Chaucer wrote in — but still the official language of England was French! It was only in 1362, during Chaucer's lifetime, that English was used at the opening of Parliament (议会) for the first time. During the same year a law called the “Statute of Pleading” was passed, making English the official language in Parliament. In 1399, King Henry Ⅳ became the first king of England after the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English.‎ English was still a language of low status (地位)— especially when it came to writing poetry (诗歌). During the 14th century, the Italians and French were creative. Great poets like Dante were writing in totally new ways. But English had no such great writers. This was where Chaucer made a difference. He took the language of the man in the street and turned it into many famous works, such as The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer proved poetry written in English could be every bit as good as books in French.‎ Of course, the English language has continued to change since Chaucer's day. For example, Shakespeare's English is quite different from Chaucer's. And it is still changing now. Until just a few years ago, “C U L8R” (see you later) was just a set of letters and numbers, but now most people know what it means!‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了英语语言从古英语到现代英语的变迁。‎ ‎1．What happened during Chaucer's lifetime?‎ A．Old English began to turn into the Middle English.‎ B．English's status was greatly improved.‎ C．English was used only in parliament.‎ D．English kings usually spoke English.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was only in 1362 ... making English the official language in Parliament.”可知，在乔叟时代，英语的地位得到显著提高。‎ ‎2．Why was Chaucer so great?‎ A．He first used formal English to write.‎ B．He had a big influence on poets like Dante.‎ C．He was a pioneer in writing English poems.‎ D．He encouraged people to read books in French.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This was where Chaucer made a difference ... as good as books in French.”可知，乔叟是用英语创作诗歌的先驱。‎ ‎3．Why did the author give the example of Shakespeare's English?‎ A．To explain English is always changing.‎ B．To explain how the Middle English changed.‎ C．To show Shakespeare's English is unusual.‎ D．To show how people respond to new words.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。最后一段主题句是首句“the English language has continued to change”，作者举这个例子是为了说明英语一直在变化。‎ ‎4．How is the text developed?‎ A．By space. B．By comparison.‎ C．By importance. D．By time.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。分析全文结构及文中的1362、1399、now可知，本文是按照时间顺序展开的。‎ 加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练 Ⅰ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up. __1__， the surest way to success is __2__ (keep) your direction and stick__3__ your goal. On your way to success, you must keep your __4__(direct). It is just like a lamp, guiding you in __5__ (dark) and __6__ (help) you overcome obstacles (障碍) on your way. Otherwise, you will easily get __7__ (lose) or hesitate (犹豫) to go ahead. Directions mean objectives (目标). You can get nowhere without objective in life.‎ You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve __8__. Only in this way will you know how to organize your time and to spend your time __9__ (proper). And you should also have a belief that you are sure __10__ (succeed) as long as you keep your direction all the time.‎ 答案：1.However　2.to keep　3.to　4.direction ‎5．darkness　6.helping　7.lost　8.it　9.properly ‎10．to succeed Ⅱ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I was walking along the street when the stranger stopped me and asked me the way to a newer restaurant. I started to tell him how to get here. As soon as I finish, the stranger thanked me and started off. However, to his surprise, he went to the wrong direction. So I stopped him at once and told him that he was wrong. Unexpectedly, he was smiled and told me that he didn't really want ask the way. Instead he was just trying to find out that people knew where the new restaurant was, for he was the new owner of the restaurants.‎ 答案：第一句：第二个the→a; newer→new 第二句：here→there 第三句：finish→finished 第四句：his→my; 第二个to→in 第六句：去掉was; want后加to 第七句：that→if/whether; restaurants→restaurant Ⅲ.书面表达 假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校拟举办主题为“英语学习”的讲座。请你根据所给要点，代表学生会用英语以短文形式写一则海报。‎ 要点如下：‎ 时间：下周二下午2：00～4：00　　地点：学校礼堂 内容：1.英语学习经验与方法介绍；‎ ‎2．著名教授John作报告；‎ ‎3．就英语学习中的困惑，现场答疑。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．海报应含所有信息，可适当增加细节。‎ 参考词汇：讲座lecture 参考范文：‎ A Lecture on English Learning Want to improve your English? Come and join us!‎ A lecture on “English learning” is to be held in our school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 next Tuesday afternoon. The famous professor Mr. John will make a speech on how to learn English well easily. The lecturer will share his learning experience with us. In addition, he will introduce some advanced methods of learning English. After the lecture, you can ask him for advice on any problems you have while learning English. His answers will be surely mean a lot to you.‎ You'll learn a great deal from this lecture!‎ The Students' Union ‎ ‎ 第一部分　听力　(满分30分，限时20分钟)‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1．Where might Mr. Brown go?‎ A．To a theatre.‎ B．To a bookshop.‎ C．To a library.‎ ‎2．How many lessons will the man have to review at the weekend?‎ A．3.　　　　　 B．12.　　　　　　C．15.‎ ‎3．Where are the two speakers?‎ A．In a shop.‎ B．In a restaurant.‎ C．In a supermarket.‎ ‎4．What are the speakers discussing?‎ A．Taking a class together.‎ B．Getting enough courses.‎ C．Signing up for a club.‎ ‎5．What does the woman want to do?‎ A．Have a cup of coffee.‎ B．Get up early.‎ C．Go home.‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6．Why does the man plan to go to Australia?‎ A．Because he wants to study there.‎ B．Because he wants to do business.‎ C．Because he wants to have a holiday.‎ ‎7．What should the man do?‎ A．Answer some questions.‎ B．Fill in a form.‎ C．Have a test.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8．Where are the speakers?‎ A．At a party.　 B．At home.　　C．At a restaurant.‎ ‎9．What does the man suggest the woman wear?‎ A．The purple shirt.‎ B．The long white dress.‎ C．The black evening dress.‎ ‎10．What advice does the man give to the woman?‎ A．Taking a handbag.‎ B．Taking nothing.‎ C．Taking a child.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11．What is the woman probably?‎ A．A student. B．A teacher. C．A headmaster.‎ ‎12．What are those students like?‎ A．Active. B．Shy. C．Hardworking.‎ ‎13．Why does the woman have to go?‎ A．Because of her friends.‎ B．Because of her health.‎ C．Because of her parents.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14．What does the man think of the dinner party?‎ A．Bad. B．Very well. C．Just soso.‎ ‎15．What do we know about the boss?‎ A．He's impolite.‎ B．He's funny.‎ C．He's kindhearted.‎ ‎16．What does the woman mean by her last words?‎ A．The man shouldn't have invited such a man to his dinner party.‎ B．The boss should say sorry to the couple.‎ C．The man should have let the boss leave earlier.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17．What does the speaker mainly talk about?‎ A．A famous hotel.‎ B．The speaker's wedding party.‎ C．An unforgettable night.‎ ‎18．Where did the speaker escape from?‎ A．The window.‎ B．The entrance.‎ C．The back door.‎ ‎19．What do we know about the guests?‎ A．One of them was killed.‎ B．They kept calm all along.‎ C．Some of them were injured.‎ ‎20．What caused the fire?‎ A．Cigarettes. B．Lightning. C．Line failure.‎ 答案：1～5　BABAC　　　6～10　ABBCA ‎ 11～15　BACBA　　16～20　CCACB 听力材料 Text 1‎ M：Hello, this is Doctor White. May I speak to Mr.Brown?‎ W：I'm sorry, Doctor White. Mr.Brown has gone to buy some dictionaries.‎ Text 2‎ W：Professor Clark said that the midterm exam would cover the first fifteen lessons.‎ M：Really? I thought it would only include the first twelve lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons.‎ Text 3‎ M：Are you ready to order?‎ W：I see the special of the day is the fish. How is it cooked?‎ M：It's fried in a little oil with a lemon and an onion.‎ Text 4‎ W：Are you going to sign up for one of the technology classes.‎ M：I guess we have to if we want to get enough courses and credits.‎ W：Take the one at 2：30 with me.‎ Text 5‎ M：Let's drop in here for a cup of coffee or something.‎ W：I will have an important meeting tomorrow and get up early.‎ M：OK. Let's go back to your place.‎ Text 6‎ M：Good morning! I'm coming to apply for an entry visa. Here's my passport, and there are the papers.‎ W：Sit down, please. What do you want to go to Australia for?‎ M：I'm going there for further study. This is the letter of acceptance from the university. And this one is my letter of application.‎ W：But you still have to fill in an application form. Here you are! You can take it home to fill out, if you like.‎ M：Thank you. How long do I have to wait for the visa?‎ W：We'll send you papers, but it usually takes months for you to get a reply.‎ Text 7‎ W：Dear, does this purple shirt match my handbag?‎ M：Yeah, but I don't think purple suits you.‎ W：Well, you might be right. What do you think of this long white dress?‎ M：But it is not for tonight's party.‎ W：Does this black evening dress look nice?‎ M：Yeah. It will go with the party.‎ W：That's it. Need I take my handbag?‎ M：That's always necessary for ladies.‎ Text 8‎ M：What do you think of the students in our class?‎ W：I love those children. They are so lively.‎ M：They love you too. They said that you were the best teacher they had ever had.‎ W：When I first came into the classroom, all the students stood up and looked at me. They all had a smile on their faces.‎ M：It seems that they began loving you from the very beginning.‎ W：Right. They are also very active. No one is shy.‎ M：That's why you became friends with each other.‎ W：I really don't want to leave. But I have to because of my parents.‎ Text 9‎ W：How was your dinner party?‎ M：I think it went pretty well. People really seemed to enjoy themselves.‎ W：That's good.‎ M：But we shouldn't have invited my wife's boss again. We can never get him to leave!‎ W：Really? How late did he stay this time?‎ M：Until two o'clock in the morning! And we both had to get up early.‎ W：Oh, he shouldn't have stayed so late. You should have asked him to leave earlier.‎ M：Well, it's pretty difficult to do that to my wife's boss.‎ Text 10‎ It was my 21st birthday and I wanted to have an unforgettable night. So I arranged to have a party at this famous hotel. It was a warm evening in the middle of August, but because it was raining heavily outside we had to stay in the hotel all night. There were a lot of guests at the party and the room was packed. I was dancing when I saw the ‎ smoke. People began to panic, but there were so many of us that we couldn't get out quickly. Soon the room was full of smoke. I managed to open a window and get out of the burning building. The fire fighters arrived shortly after, but it took a long time for them to put out the fire. Luckily, all the guests got out in time. Some of them had to go to hospital because of burns and breathing problems. Fortunately, the fire fighters had put out the fire before it spread to the rest of the hotel. However, the room where the party was held, was completely destroyed. I was told later that it was because the building had been struck by lightning. Can you believe it?‎ 第二部分　阅读理解　(满分40分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A My favorite book is Caddie Woodlawn by Carol Ryrie Brink. It's about a 10yearold girl in the 1860s. Her mom wants her to be a perfect little lady, but Caddie has different ideas. Unlike many other girls, she likes to catch snakes, go swimming, and work in the fields. She makes friends with the neighboring Indians. You should read the book.‎ Lenaya, Age 15‎ Senegal My favorite book is Who Was Abraham Lincoln? by Janet Pascal. It is about Abraham Lincoln. He grew up poor, told funny jokes, and then became President. He led the North during the Civil War, and the North won. After the war, slavery (奴隶制) was ended. I liked learning about the war and Abraham Lincoln.‎ Sam, Age 16‎ New Jersey My favorite books are The Hardy Boys books by Franklin W. Dixon. My mom and dad had some when they were kids. I love them because they're filled with mystery (神秘), action, and fun. They are about two boys, Frank and Joe. The two boys unlock more than 50 mysteries.‎ George, Age 16‎ Arkanss My favorite book is Judy Moody and the Bad Luck Charm by Megan McDonald. It's about a third grader who has a goodluck penny, but she loses it. She is lucky enough to find it, but the luck is gone!‎ Annie, Age 15‎ Ohio 语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位读者各自最喜欢的书籍。‎ ‎21．In the book Caddie Woodlawn, Caddie ________.‎ A．hopes to grow into a perfect lady B．acts quite differently from other girls C．has to work long hours in the fields D．has a bad relation with her neighbors 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Caddie has different ideas. Unlike many other girls, she likes to catch snakes, go swimming, and work in the fields”可知，‎ Caddie的爱好和其他女孩不太相同，表现得不一样。‎ ‎22．One reason why George likes The Hardy Boys books is that ________.‎ A．they were written by a famous author B．they are what his parents chose for him C．they include things that are hard to explain D．they are about two boys of the same age as him 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I love them because they're filled with mystery (神秘)”可知，George喜欢《哈迪男孩》系列书中的悬疑。‎ ‎23．Who is probably interested in history?‎ A．Sam.　　　　　　　　 B．Annie.‎ C．George. D．Lenaya.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I liked learning about the war and Abraham Lincoln.”可推测，Sam可能对历史题材的书籍比较感兴趣。‎ B The English language has a lot of words which can be used in many different ways and in many different expressions.‎ One such example is the word matter. In fact, matter can mean just about anything. It could be one of the most useful words in the English language.‎ Let's get to the heart of the matter — a matter of principle (原则)．‎ If someone says that you owe (欠) him $50, but you don't, a friend might say，“Well, you could pay him the $50. It's not that much money. Then you won't have to hear him say it anymore.” But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It's a matter of principle.‎ There is another way to use the word matter. But be careful with your choice of words.‎ If you ask someone, “What's the matter？”， it shows you are worried about the other person. But saying, “What's the matter with you？” has a completely different meaning. And it usually sounds rude (粗鲁的). In fact, when you say, “What's the matter with you？”， you are suggesting that the person did something wrong or stupid.‎ Another expression that could sound rude is to say, “It doesn't matter to me.” Here, it depends on the context,_and how you say it.‎ Let's say you tell someone that a friend just got a big raise at work. That person answers with, “It doesn't matter to me.” Here, it means he or she does not care. And it sounds rude.‎ But saying，“Oh, you pick where we eat dinner. It doesn't matter to me.” does not sound rude. In this situation, “it doesn't matter” shows you are easygoing (随和的)．‎ No matter how you look at it and what you say, matter is a very useful word. And it's only a matter of time before you will become an expert on the use of matter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了matter一词的诸多用法。‎ ‎24．We can infer from the text that the word matter ________.‎ A．has a wide use B．can mean money C．is the most used English word D．has the most different expressions 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一、二段的描述可知，matter一词用法很广。‎ ‎25．What is the author's suggestion in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Every penny counts.‎ B．Stick to what is right.‎ C．Follow your friend's advice.‎ D．Be careful when making friends.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It's a matter of principle.”可推测，作者认为钱的数目不重要，重要的是原则问题。因此他觉得在对的事情上要坚持自己的立场，不要轻易做出让步或改变。‎ ‎26．The underlined word “context” in the text probably means “________”．‎ A．choice　　　　　　 B．person C．situation D．answer 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二、三段举例说明“It doesn't matter to me.”在不同的语境意思不同可知，该表达取决于上下文语境，故选situation。‎ ‎27．The author develops the text mainly by ________.‎ A．using examples B．giving instructions C．describing his experiences D．discussing research findings 解析：选A　写作手法题。根据文中用不同的例子来讲解matter的用法可知，作者主要是通过举例来展开全文的。‎ C LEGO began as one man's small business. But today, it is the second largest toy company in the world. The LEGO company sells small, brightly colored plastic bricks (积木). People can buy LEGO bricks in over 90 countries.‎ ‎ ‎ Ole Kirk Kristiansen from Denmark began his own business in 1932. He made products (产品) from wood including colorful wooden toys. Kristiansen's young son, Godtfred, worked with him. Their business helped them make a lot of money.‎ By 1934, the Kristiansens named their company LEGO, which came from two Danish words，“leg” and “godt”， meaning “play well”. The LEGO company grew slowly. But it continued to create excellent wooden toys.‎ By 1947, the LEGO company began using a new material (材料) to make their toys — plastic. One of the toys they sold was called the Automatic Binding Brick. A person could put the bricks together to build something. But the bricks did not hold together easily. Still, they were a popular toy.‎ A few years later, in 1954, Godtfred Kirk Kristiansen had a big idea. He wanted all of the LEGO bricks to fit together. Finally, four years later, in 1958, the LEGO company found their answer. They invented the first modern style LEGO brick, which was similar to the Automatic Binding Brick but each piece would fit with any other piece.‎ Since that time, any toy that the LEGO company created would fit with any other toy they created. Today, LEGO is not only the second largest toy maker in the world, but ‎ also making its products a great way for children to learn creative building skills.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了丹麦知名玩具品牌乐高的发展历程。‎ ‎28．When the LEGO company was set up, it ________.‎ A．had a rapid growth B．failed to attract children C．was small but successful D．invited children to work with it 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“LEGO began as one man's small business.”和第二段中的“Their business helped them make a lot of money.”可推测，乐高公司在创立初期虽然规模不大但很成功。‎ ‎29．What do we know about the Automatic Binding Brick?‎ A．It was liked by few people.‎ B．It was the best of its kind.‎ C．It was made of wood.‎ D．It was a building toy.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A person could put the bricks together to build something.”可知，Automatic Binding Brick是一种拼装积木。‎ ‎30．The first modern style LEGO brick ________.‎ A．fit together perfectly B．was invented in the early 1950s C．was created by Godtfred and his father D．differed greatly from the Automatic Binding Brick 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the first modern style LEGO brick ... each piece would fit with any other piece”可知，现代的乐高积木可以彼此完全贴合，从而组装成一个整体。‎ ‎31．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．LEGO: Play Well B．LEGO: Educational Toys C．Toy Companies: From Small to Big D．Toy Companies: Never Too Late to Create 解析：选A　标题归纳题。文章介绍了知名积木玩具乐高的相关知识，而且LEGO在丹麦语中意为“玩得好”。因此A项作标题既概括了文章主旨也表达了乐高的宗旨。‎ D This is the plastic tube (管子) that holds the ink. If you took this tube away from the pen what would happen? ‎ My students look at me as if they can't believe I'm asking such a stupid question. Man, you wouldn't be able to write.‎ OK. Now what is this I'm holding in my hand?‎ Again the patient look. That's a spring (弹簧), man.‎ And what would happen if we took the spring away?‎ The pen wouldn't work.‎ Now look at what I'm writing on the blackboard. “The spring makes the pen work.” What is the subject of this sentence? In other words, what are we talking about in this ‎ sentence?‎ The pen.‎ No, no, no. There's an action word here. It's called a verb. What is it?‎ Oh, yeah. The spring.‎ No, no, no. The spring is a thing.‎ Yeah, yeah. The spring is a thing. Hey, man. That's poetry (诗歌)．‎ So, what does the spring do?‎ Makes the pen work.‎ Good. The spring does the action. We're talking about the spring, right?‎ They look doubtful.‎ Suppose we say, “The pen makes the spring work.” Would that be right?‎ No. The spring makes the pen work. Anyone can see that.‎ So, what is the action word?‎ Makes.‎ Right. And what word uses the action word?‎ Spring.‎ So you can see how a ballpoint pen is like a sentence. It needs something to make it work. It needs action, a verb. Can you see that?‎ They said they could. The headmaster, making notes in the back of the room, looked puzzled (困惑的). After class he said he could understand the connection I was making between structure (结构) of pen and structure of sentence. He wasn't sure if I had succeeded in getting that across to the kids but still, it was new and imaginative. He was sure, if some of his experienced English teachers tried it they'd improve on it, but it was a pretty good idea.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者在文中主要讲述了自己教授的一堂语法课。‎ ‎32．How did the students react to the author's first question?‎ A．Doubtfully. B．Interestedly.‎ C．Impatiently. D．Surprisedly.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。作者在首段问完学生第一个问题时，他们的反应是“as if they can't believe I'm asking such a stupid question，”而且紧接着就说出问题的答案“you wouldn't be able to write”。由此可知，学生对作者的第一个问题感到非常惊讶。‎ ‎33．What was the author probably teaching in class?‎ A．Poetry. B．Science.‎ C．Grammar. D．Writing.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文中的“What is the subject of this sentence？”和“There's an action word here. It's called a verb.”以及“what is the action word”和“what word uses the action word”可知，作者在解释句子的结构，因此是在上语法课。‎ ‎34．Why did the author use the pen in class?‎ A．To help him teach.‎ B．To check students' work.‎ C．To make notes on something.‎ D．To show students how it works.‎ 解析：选A ‎　推理判断题。作者向学生展示圆珠笔的工作原理是为了引出句子结构关系，因此用它是为了帮助课堂教学，便于学生直观理解。‎ ‎35．What did the headmaster think of the author's teaching?‎ A．It was creative.‎ B．It was unsuccessful.‎ C．It was easy to understand.‎ D．It was useless in the classroom.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据校长在最后一段中说的“it was new and imaginative”和“it was a pretty good idea”可知，他认为作者的这堂课很新颖。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Teenagers earning money In the United States, you can only get a fulltime job if you are 16 years old or older. But there are things that teenagers can do to earn (赚得) some spending money. Here are a few ideas.‎ Parents with young children sometimes want to go out for dinner or to the movies, but they don't want to leave their children alone.__36__If the children go to bed early, you can do some of your homework!‎ Some adults have a dog, but they don't have time to take it for a walk. __37__ So some teenagers work as dog walkers. It's a good idea — you earn money and you're outside in the fresh air. You get some exercise, too!‎ Teenagers can deliver (递送) newspapers. You usually ride a bike around a neighborhood and leave a newspaper at each house. __38__ You have to get up early, too, because people want to read their newspaper with their breakfast.‎ ‎__39__ Some companies pay teens to do online research. They want to know what teens are interested in. It's a fun and easy way to make money. You can also design web pages for friends or adults.‎ Sometimes adults pay teenagers to mow (修整) their lawns (草坪)．It's a great job because you get fresh air and exercise.__40__ Then you have regular customers (常客)，because grass always grows!‎ A．Dogs need a lot of exercise!‎ B．It brings a lot of safety problems.‎ C．Normally you have to have your own bike.‎ D．Teenagers can work at home on their computers.‎ E．It's important to tell an adult where you're going.‎ F．Do your job carefully and people will want you to do it again.‎ G．So, they ask a teenager to stay in the house and look after their children while they are out.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了五种适合青少年做的兼职工作。‎ ‎36．选G　根据上一句“Parents with young children sometimes want to go out for dinner or to the movies, but they don't want to leave their children alone.”可知，父母不放心把自己年幼的孩子独自留在家里，所以他们会请人来帮助他们照看自己的孩子。‎ ‎37．选A　根据上一句“Some adults have a dog, but they don't have time to take it for ‎ a walk.”及下一句“So some teenagers work as dog walkers.”可知，许多成年人养狗却没时间遛狗，而狗又需要运动，所以许多青少年就可以找遛狗的工作。‎ ‎38．选C　根据上一句“You usually ride a bike around a neighborhood and leave a newspaper at each house.”可知，如果你给街坊邻居送报纸，那么你需要一辆自行车。‎ ‎39．选D　根据下一句“Some companies pay teens to do online research.”可知，青少年在家里用电脑就可以做兼职工作。‎ ‎40．选F　根据下一句“Then you have regular customers, because grass always grows！”可知，如果你选择修剪草坪的工作，那么就做得仔细些，因为做得好就会有回头客。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用　(满分45分，限时30分钟)‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Every day, more than one billion people connect with each other using social media (社交媒体). The main positive effect (积极的效果) of social media is also its __41__： connection. Modern life can be very __42__. Many people work long hours. Other people live far away from family and friends in __43__ cities or countries. And it can be __44__ to stay connected with the people that are important to us. With social media, people everywhere can __45__ with each other.‎ It can also help people make new friends. Often, these are friends they would not have met __46__ social media. Suppose you have a very special interest. __47__， you would not meet very many people who __48__ your interest! But through social media, you can __49__ people all over the world with the same interest.‎ Social media can also help people __50__ news about big world events. This lets people all over the world act more __51__. This is very true when an earthquake breaks out.‎ It is __52__ that social media has many positive effects. But some scientists __53__ people that it can also be harmful (有害的). Often, when people put things on social media, they only __54__ the best things about their lives. They __55__ the fun things they are doing or show pictures that make them look __56__. So, when people look at these things, they are only seeing __57__ of their friends' lives. This can make them feel less __58__ with their own lives. And, they can begin to feel envy (嫉妒) __59__ their friends' lives look so perfect.‎ Anyway, social media has become a part of human life. You can use it or not use it as much as you __60__. But we may need to think more carefully about how we use it and how it makes us feel.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体的利与弊。‎ ‎41．A.interest　　　　　　　 B．purpose C．chance D．method 解析：选B　根据该空后的“connection”以及该段接下来具体介绍社交媒体将世界各地的人连接在一起可知，社交媒体的主要好处也是其“目的(purpose)”所在。‎ ‎42．A.busy B．short C．cool D．strange 解析：选A　根据下一句“Many people work long hours.”可知，现代生活很“忙碌(busy)”。‎ ‎43．A.beautiful B．large C．different D．expensive 解析：选C　根据上文中的“Other people live far away from family and friends”可知，一些人远离家人和朋友，住在“别的(different)”城市或国家，因此，很“难(difficult)”和这些亲朋好友保持联系。‎ ‎44．A.difficult B．exciting C．simple D．surprising 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎45．A.work B．live C．play D．connect 解析：选D　该段主要讲述社交媒体帮助人们保持联系，故填connect。该段中的connect, connection均为提示。‎ ‎46．A.except B．beside C．without D．beyond 解析：选C　根据该空前的“It can also help people make new friends.”和“these are friends they would not have met”可知，社交媒体还有助于人们结交新朋友。如果“不(without)”借助社交媒体，人们往往是不能遇到这些新朋友的。‎ ‎47．A.Usually B．Immediately C．Recently D．Finally 解析：选A　根据常识可知，“通常情况下(Usually)”，你不会遇到很多和你趣味“相投(share)”的人。‎ ‎48．A.attract B．express C．develop D．share 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎49．A.discuss B．find C．trust D．visit 解析：选B　根据该空前的“But through social media”和该空后的“people all over the world with the same interest”可知，有了社交媒体，你可以“找到(find)”来自世界各地的和你有着相同兴趣爱好的人。‎ ‎50．A.make B．spread C．use D．control 解析：选B　根据下一句中的“This lets people all over the world act”可知，社交媒体帮助人们“传播(spread)”关于世界重大事件的新闻。‎ ‎51．A.naturally B．publicly C．correctly D．quickly 解析：选D　根据下一句举的例子“This is very true when an earthquake breaks out.”可知，社交媒体让人们更“快地(quickly)”行动起来。‎ ‎52．A.clear B．special C．common D．popular 解析：选A　前三段分别讲述了社交媒体的好处：有助于人们保持联系、利于人们结交新朋友和帮助传播重大新闻。这些好处是“显而易见的(clear)”。‎ ‎53．A.promise B．teach C．warn D．advise 解析：选C　根据该空后的“it can also be harmful”可知，一些科学家“警告(warn)”人们社交媒体也可能是有害的。‎ ‎54．A.remember B．enjoy C．choose D．discover 解析：选C　根据下文中的“fun things”和“their friends' lives look so perfect”可知，通常情况下，人们只“挑选(choose)”自己最好的东西在社交媒体上展示。‎ ‎55．A.think of B．talk about C．notice D．love 解析：选B　根据本句后半部分中的“or show pictures”可知，他们在社交媒体上“谈论(talk about)”生活中发生的有趣的事情。‎ ‎56．A.normal B．good C．famous D．serious 解析：选B　该空与前面的fun things是并列关系，故选good。‎ ‎57．A.part B．problems C．the rest D．the past 解析：选A　根据本段可知，人们在社交媒体上往往只展现出自己最好的一面，那么其他人也只是看到这些朋友生活的“部分(part)”，而非全貌。‎ ‎58．A.careful B．patient C．angry D．satisfied 解析：选D　根据下一句中的“begin to feel envy”可知，一些人对自己的生活感到不太“满意(satisfied)”。‎ ‎59．A.and B．but C．because D．so 解析：选C　feel envy的原因是their friends' lives look so perfect，故填because。‎ ‎60．A.like B．try C．know D．expect 解析：选A　根据该空前的“You can use it or not use it”可知，你可以根据自己的“喜好(like)”来决定使用社交媒体与否及其使用频率。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Reggie was a normal boy, but he had been born deaf. He was well known to everyone in town, and they were all very fond __61__ him. Unfortunately, he always seemed to be treated __62__ (different) from everyone else.‎ Reggie didn't like this very much. But the person __63__ disliked this the most was his friend Michael. Michael decided that things had to change. So he managed to persuade other people in town __64__ (choose) one day of the festival for deaf people this year. During that whole day everyone in town would have to wear earplugs (耳塞). The day __65__ (call) The Day of Silence, and when it arrived everyone stuck plugs in their ears. As the hours passed, people began to realize __66__ difficult life was for the deaf. Soon no one was thinking of Reggie as __67__ deaf person. Using his usual gestures, Reggie was the one who could communicate best with everyone. They were __68__ (surprise) at his ability to find solutions to almost any problem. They realized all Reggie needed was a little __69__ (much) time than others to communicate. That ‎ was the only difference.‎ It was on this day __70__ everyone realized they have to give people a chance to show how useful they are.‎ 答案：61.of　62.differently　63.who/that　64.to choose ‎65．was called　66.how　67.a　68.surprised　69.more　70.that 第四部分　写作　(满分35分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I often read English aloud and trying to learn something importance by heart. It help me remember what I have learned and form a good habit of thinking in English. I listen a lot and communicate with others with English. In this way, I have been improved both my listening ability and my speaking English. I keep a diary in English every day and my written English is becoming better and better. I also try my best learn the necessary grammar knowledges. And gradually, I can express myself correct. That's what I have been learning English.‎ 答案：第一句：trying→try; importance→important 第二句：help→helps 第三句：第二个 with→in 第四句：去掉 been; speaking→spoken ‎ 第六句：best 后加to; knowledges→knowledge 第七句：correct→correctly 第八句：what→how 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 最近，你校英语学习俱乐部将举办一次学习经验交流活动。假如你是成员之一，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，分享自己在听、说、读、写方面的成功经验。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear boys and girls，‎ I'd like to share my experience in learning English with you.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ All in all, I hope all of you have fun learning English.‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear boys and girls，‎ I'd like to share my experience in learning English with you.‎ I make it a rule to listen to VOA or the BBC in my spare time to improve my listening. At the same time, I repeat what the speaker says while listening to improve my pronunciation. Besides, watching English movies can combine English learning with relaxation. I always take every chance to speak in class and I am proud of making myself understood in English. Sometimes I practise speaking with my classmates after class. To increase my vocabulary, I have formed the habit of reading English magazines and novels at weekends. I have learned to guess the meaning of new words. In addition, I find keeping a diary in English is helpful.‎ All in all, I hope all of you have fun learning English.‎