2020届人教版高考英语一轮复习必修五学案：Unit1Greatscientists

2020届人教版高考英语一轮复习必修五学案：Unit1Greatscientists

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．characteristic n．　　　　　　 特征；特性 ‎2．radium n. 镭 ‎3．analyse vt. 分析 ‎4．physician n. 医生；内科医师 ‎5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)‎ ‎6．victim n. 受害者 ‎7．enquiry n. 询问 ‎8．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近 ‎9．pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水)‎ ‎10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)‎ ‎11．chart n. 图表 ‎12．movement n．[纵联1] 移动；运动；动作 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败 ‎2．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家 ‎3．attend vt.[纵联2] 照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎4．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎5．cure n. 治愈；痊愈；治疗方法 vt. 治愈；治疗 ‎6．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 ‎7．suspect vt. 认为；怀疑 ‎ n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎8．foresee vt. 预见；预知 ‎9．blame vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 ‎10．handle n.‎ vt.[纵联3] ‎11．link vt.&n. 连接；联系 ‎12．positive adj.[纵联4] 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎13．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 ‎14．severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 ‎2．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；警告 ‎3．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染 ‎4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．用法说明；指示；指导 ‎5．conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎6．contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献 ‎7．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃 ‎8．scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 ‎9．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；宣告者 ‎10．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 ‎11．painter n．画家；油漆匠→paint v．绘画；涂→painting n．油画；水彩画 ‎12．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地 纵联1.后缀ment构成的抽象名词集锦 ‎①movement移动；运动 ②development发展 ‎③disappointment失望 ④excitement兴奋 ‎⑤improvement改善 ⑥treatment对待 ‎⑦judgment判断 纵联2.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达 ‎①attend to/on/upon sb. ②care for sb.‎ ‎③take care of sb. ④look after sb.‎ ‎⑤watch over sb. ⑥see after sb.‎ 纵联3.名词兼作动词的高频词汇聚焦 ‎①handle n．把手→vt.处理 ‎②nurse n．护士→vt.护理 ‎③face n．脸→vt.面对 ‎④defeat n．失败→vt.打败；战胜 ‎⑤drink n．饮料→vt.喝；饮 纵联4.发表你的“观点；态度”‎ ‎①positive积极的 ②negative消极的 ‎③subjective主观的 ④objective客观的 ‎⑤doubtful怀疑的 ⑥critical批评的 单元话题——伟大的科学家 子话题1　各类科学家 ‎①physicist n．物理学家 ②astronomer n．天文学家 ‎③chemist n．化学家；药剂师 ④technologist n．技术专家 ‎⑤mathematician n．数学家 ⑥biologist n．生物学家 ‎⑦inventor n．发明家 ⑧geographer n．地理学家 ‎⑨zoologist n．动物学家 ⑩botanist n．植物学家 子话题2　工作职责与资格 ‎①certificate n．　　　　 证明；证(明)书 ‎②qualification n. 资格；学历 ‎③qualify vt.&vi. (使)具有资格；(使)具备合格条件 ‎④invent vt. 发明；创造 ‎⑤qualified adj. 有资格的 ‎⑥responsibility n. 责任；负责 ‎⑦undertake vt. 承担；从事；负责 ‎⑧charge vt. 负责；主管 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2011·安徽高考阅读B)During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution❶ that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global __❷__ (move) to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. ‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：pollute；“环境污染”表达为environmental pollution ‎②用move的适当形式填空：movement ‎2．(2016·北京高考阅读C)Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with❶. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb❷ large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney (肾) failure and death. ‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：handle，意为“处理”‎ ‎②选择absorb在句中的含义：__A__‎ A．吸收　　B．理解　　C．吸引 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译/补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)提前了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解将要学习的唐诗。(contribute)‎ Knowing_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance_will_contribute_to_your_understanding_the_Tang_poems_to_be_learned.‎ ‎2．(2016·天津高考书面表达)总之，我们在这项活动中受益匪浅。(conclusion)‎ In_conclusion,_we_have_benefited_a_lot_from_the_activity.‎ ‎3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)被我的一举一动所吸引，外国学生对这种独特的文化感到惊奇，他们情不自禁地不时拍照。(absorb)‎ Absorbed_by_my_every_move,_the foreign students were amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．conclude vt.&vi.推断出；结束；达成；缔结 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)conclude　　　 conclude sth. 以……结束……‎ to conclude 最后 ‎(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束 come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”‎ ‎②I’ve come to the conclusion (conclude) that he’s not the right person for the job.‎ ‎③In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。‎ ‎④I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that_a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)‎ ‎⑤I concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that_a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)‎ ‎[联想]　表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。‎ ‎2．attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理vi.专心；留意 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/class ‎　　　　 　　 参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/上课 ‎(2)attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①As a daughter, I feel it my duty to attend on/upon my sick mother.‎ ‎②As far as I know, the patients are well attended (attend) in the hospital.‎ ‎③I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④于是我下定决心参加那些会议并学习我能学习的一切。‎ I then made it a point to attend_those_meetings_and_learn_all_I_could.‎ ‎3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)expose ...to ...　　 暴露……给……；使……接触……‎ expose oneself to ... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……‎ ‎(2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to playing (play) computer games.‎ ‎②Being_exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.‎ ‎③(2015·四川高考)And the more birds_are_exposed (expose) to light, the more active they are at night.‎ ‎[用准]　及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎④When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.‎ ‎→Exposed_to_difficult_situations,_children are better at handling challenging situations. (分词作状语)‎ ‎4．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)face the challenge　　　　　　 面对挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 ‎(2)challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事 challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 ‎(3)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 challenged adj. 受到挑战的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I want to challenge him to a game of basketball.‎ ‎②Teaching young children is a challenging (challenge) and rewarding job.‎ ‎③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged (challenge)．‎ 单句改错 ‎④Though his arms hurt, Steven planned to challenge to himself, cycling the 250mile route alone.去掉第二个to ‎⑤Exploring outer space is challenge to mankind.is后加a ‎[用准]　challenge本身已含有“向……；对……”的意义，因而不要再加多余的to。‎ 向某人挑战 ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥在即将到来的三年里，我们的学校生活将具有挑战性。‎ In_the_coming_three_years,_our_school_life_will_be_challenging._‎ ‎5．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中absorb的含义 ‎①Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.吞并 ‎②After absorbing enough water, the plants grow well.吸收 ‎③I keep the lesson simple because the students can’t absorb that much.理解 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)absorb one’s attention　　　 吸引某人的注意力 absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……‎ absorb oneself in ... 专心于；全神贯注于 absorb ... from ... 从……中吸收……‎ ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎④(2016·北京高考)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed (absorb)．‎ ‎⑤As we all know, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑥The boy sat beside the window, absorbing in a novel.absorbing→absorbed或absorbing后加himself ‎[写美]　一句多译 汤姆如此专心于工作以至于他忘了告知我会议的时间。‎ ‎⑦Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(absorbed)‎ ‎⑧So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(so ...that ...引导的倒装句)‎ ‎⑨Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(形容词短语作状语)‎ ‎6．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for)应(为……) 承担责任/受责备 ‎(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.　 将某事归咎于某人 take the blame (for)应(为……) 承担责任/受责备 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.‎ ‎②She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.‎ ‎③(2018·江苏高考)Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.‎ ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame_on_the alarm clock.‎ ‎[用准]　be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。‎ ‎⑤To be honest, Li Hua is_to_blame_for the conflict. (blame v．)‎ ‎⑥Honestly speaking, Li Hua should_take_the_blame_for the conflict. (blame n．)‎ ‎7．contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)contribute sth. to ...　　　　　 把某物捐献给……‎ contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.‎ ‎②Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.‎ 单句改错 ‎③In conclusion, everyone should make contributions to protect the environment.‎ protect→protecting 写出加彩词的含义 ‎④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.投稿 ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2017·北京高考书面表达)那些在电脑方面有天分的人有助于制作视频。‎ Those_who_were_talented_in_computer_contributed_to_making_the_video.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Researchers find cures (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests’‎ ‎ plants and animals.‎ ‎2．He made an apology to me for his not attending (参加) the concert on time.‎ ‎3．(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges (挑战) from the modern market.‎ ‎4．Our team was defeated (打败) last night, which made us sad and disappointed.‎ ‎5．The students must learn to handle (处理) those urgent cases in the summer camp.‎ ‎6．If you have a positive (积极的) attitude towards your work, you will feel happy.‎ ‎7．William tried to join the basketball club but was rejected (拒绝) because of his poor health.‎ ‎8．Blamed (责备) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.‎ ‎9．Children, when exposed (暴露) to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.‎ ‎10．I read the letter once again, trying to absorb (理解) its contents.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Do remember you must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine.‎ ‎2．From these facts we can draw some conclusions (conclude) about how the pyramids were built.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) He said the lucky woman will be_announced (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.‎ ‎4．Because of the severe pollution (pollute), the water in the river is too dirty to drink.‎ ‎5．We will have to adopt a more scientific (science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.‎ ‎6．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to_handle (handle) the problem.‎ ‎7．When asked about his dream, Jack says he wants to be a_painter (paint) when he grows up.‎ ‎8．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (absorb) in conversation.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．With the teacher instruct them, the students have made great progress in English.instruct→instructing_‎ ‎2．Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make contribution to the class.contribution→contributions或contribution前加a ‎3．Please announce students that the holidays will begin next Monday.announce后加to ‎4．I always have so many things to attend when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.attend后加to ‎5．She suspected him with telling lies and never trusted him again.with→of ‎6．The bridge under the construction will be open to the public next year.去掉第一个the Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．治好他病的那位医生非常有经验。(cure)‎ The doctor who cured_him_of_his_illness was very experienced.‎ ‎2．我是一名中国学生，我打算在假期去英国参加一个暑期学习班。(attend)‎ I am a Chinese student and I plan to go to Britain to_attend_a_summer_school during the vacation.‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)总之，我相信你们会从这部影片中获益匪浅。(conclude)‎ In_conclusion,_I believe that you can benefit a lot from the film.‎ ‎4．(2015·重庆高考写作)只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出巨大贡献。(contribution)‎ Only in this way can_we_make_great_contributions_to our family and our society.‎ ‎5．他把考试失败归咎于老师。‎ ‎①He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher. (blame ...on)‎ ‎②He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam. (blame ...for)‎ ‎③He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher. (blame n．)‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．put_forward　　　　　　　 提出 ‎2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎3．expose_..._to [串记1] 使显露；暴露 ‎4．link_..._to_... [串记2] 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎5．apart_from 除……之外；此外 ‎6．make_sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎7．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 ‎8．be_to_blame 应受责备；应承担责任 ‎9．look_into 调查 ‎10．lead_to [串记3] 导致；通向 ‎11．die_of/from 死于 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“动词＋ (n.)＋to”短语荟萃 ‎①expose ...to 使显露；暴露 ‎②add ...to 增添；增加 ‎③compare ...to 把……比作 ‎④devote ...to 把……奉献于 ‎⑤supply ...to 为……提供 串记2.由link ...to ...联想到的 ‎①connect ...with ... 把……和……连接起来 ‎②tie ...to ... 把……拴到……‎ ‎③mix ...with ... 把……和……混合起来 ‎④combine ...with ... 把……和……结合起来 ‎⑤attach ...to ... 把……系到/缚到……‎ 串记3.“引起；导致；有助于”聚焦 ‎①lead to ②cause ‎③result in ④bring about ‎⑤contribute to ‎1．slow down_ 慢下来；减速 ‎2．be responsible for 对……负责 ‎3．be determined to do sth. 决定做某事 ‎4．be enthusiastic about 热衷于；对……充满热情 ‎5．personal physician 私人医生 ‎6．face the challenge 面对挑战 ‎7．gather_ information 收集信息 ‎8．the cause_ of the disease 疾病的起因 ‎1．Neither_its_cause_nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎2．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.‎ 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。‎ ‎3．Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make ‎ sense.‎ 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·天津高考阅读表达)In the years of my growing up, Dad was_strict_with_me (对我严格)．‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ完形填空)We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was_to_blame (应该负责任) for Miller’s accident.‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead_to (导致) boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. ‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式 ‎(词汇升级/补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)The training schedule, besides regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)apart_from ‎2．(2015·湖南高考写作)他在全班面前说，只有我们把心放在学习上我们才能取得大的进步。(only if)‎ He said before the whole class that only if we put our heart into our lessons could we make great progress.‎ ‎3．(2017·11月浙江高考写作)每次我们野营，妈妈都会读一本书或者唱一首柔和的歌。(every time)‎ Every_time_we_camped,_Mom would read a book or sing a soft song.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中put forward的含义 ‎①(2016·天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.提出 ‎②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate.推荐 ‎③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前 ‎[记牢]‎ put aside　　　　 节省；储蓄；储存；留出 put away 放好；积蓄 put off 延期；推迟 put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿 put through 接通电话；完成；使经受 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎④Encourage children to_put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.‎ ‎⑤It was because of the bad weather that the football match was_put_off.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥(2017·北京高考书面表达)在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了不同的想法。‎ Before_we_carried_out_the_plan,_various_ideas_were/had_been_put_forward_by_my_classmates.‎ ‎2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)make sense of　　　 理解；明白 make no sense 没道理；没意义 ‎(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)‎ ‎(3)there is no/little sense in doing sth.　 做某事没道理 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As far as I’m concerned, there is no sense in getting (get) upset about it now.‎ ‎②In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.‎ 补全句子 ‎③See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.‎ 看，你的电脑又坏了！仅为了节省几美元而买最便宜品牌的电脑不明智。‎ ‎④Planning so far ahead makes_no_sense — so many things will have changed by next year.‎ 提前这么久计划没有意义——到明年许多事情都会发生变化。‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎⑤There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.(升级加黑词汇)‎ ‎→There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of_them at all.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”‎ ‎[教材原句]　Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·江苏高考书面表达)Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly nor can we deny it completely.‎ ‎(2)Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.‎ ‎(3)Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(单句改错)_are→is ‎(4)The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result.(句式升级)‎ ‎→Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are content with the result.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。‎ ‎(2)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：‎ either ... or ...不是……就是……；或者……或者……‎ not only ... but also ...　　　不但……而且……‎ not ...but ... 不是……而是……‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.(要点句)‎ 这种现象既不是很好也不是很差；这就是现实中的大学生活，过去是这样，现在依然还是如此。‎ ‎(2)Not you but the scientist is to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.(要点句)‎ 不是你而是这位科学家将出席我们学校举办的典礼。‎ ‎2．every time引导时间状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·6月浙江高考)Every_time he arrived home at the end of the day, we’d greet him at the door.‎ 每当在一天结束他到家时，我们都在门口迎接他。‎ ‎(2)The_first_time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.‎ 他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。‎ ‎(3)You are welcome to come back any_time you want to.‎ 你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。‎ ‎(4)On arriving (arrive) home, he set out to do his housework.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)every time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ ‎(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：‎ any time　 　 　　　　　　任何时候 next time 下次……时 the last time 最后一次 the＋序数词＋time 第……次 ‎(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second)‎ ‎ 一……就……‎ on/upon doing sth. 一……就……‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。‎ ‎(2)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2017·天津高考书面表达)I do hope that you can pay a visit to Tianjin every time you come to China.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2016·10月浙江高考写作)Tom dashed out the instant the helicopter landed and hugged Jane tightly.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 be strict with， lead to， apart from， look into， put forward， draw a conclusion， die of， make sense ‎1．The official plan put_forward by China to build the Belt & Road was supported by many countries.‎ ‎2．We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.‎ ‎3．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.‎ ‎4．We can’t draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.‎ ‎5．Eating too much fat can lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.‎ ‎6．Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in English Corner and other afterclass English activities.‎ ‎7．Don’t waste time thinking about a sentence which doesn’t make_sense.‎ ‎8．Stephen Hawking, one of the greatest scientists in the world, died_of a serious disease at the age of 76.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．每次我听到那首英文歌，我就禁不住想起我在澳大利亚的那些日子。(every time)‎ Every_time_I_hear_the_English_song,_I can’t help thinking of the days when I was in Australia.‎ ‎2．没有足够的证据而下结论毫无意义。(sense)‎ There’s_no_sense_in_drawing_a_conclusion without enough evidence.‎ ‎3．只有当人们和睦相处时，我们才能有一个和谐的社会。(only if ...)‎ Only if people live in harmony with each other can_we_have a harmonious society.‎ ‎4．这个老师和他的学生都没有碰到过这么难的一个问题。(neither ... nor ...)‎ Neither_the_teacher_nor_his_students_have_come_across such a difficult problem.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华， 请根据下列表格中的内容提示，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文，介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。‎ 姓名 梁建英 出生年份 ‎1972年 职务 中国高铁总设计师 主要经历 ‎(1)1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作 ‎(2)研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组 ‎(3)2015年获奖 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：高速动车组highspeed EMU 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的人物介绍，时态以一般过去时和一般现在时为主，人称为第三人称。文章可分两个层次：主体部分应依据题目所给的要点进行构思，介绍梁建英的职务、出生年份、主要经历(1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作；研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组；2015年获奖)，由于所给要点齐全，只要清清楚楚表达出来即可；最后表达自己的感想。‎ 要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师。她出生于1972年。‎ Liang_Jianying_is_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.She_was_born_‎ in_1972.‎ 要点1－②：梁建英1995年毕业。她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(devote ... to)‎ Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995._She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.‎ 要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组。‎ She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU.‎ 要点1－④：她在2015年获奖。(award)‎ She_was_awarded_in_2015.‎ 要点2：梁建英给我们树立了好榜样。从她身上，我意识到我们应该不断努力直至实现我们的梦想。‎ Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 句式丰富多彩，表达高级是高分的基础，因此要对句式进行升级拓展，使表达更充实，内容更丰富。如要点1－①合并升级为名词短语作同位语；要点 1－②升级为since引导的时间状语从句；要点1－③增添她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组的结果“使我们快速出行更加便利”，并使用v.ing 形式作结果状语；要点1－④增加她获奖的原因及获奖后的表现，并用强调句型来表达。‎ 升级要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师，出生于1972年。(合并升级为名词短语作同位语)‎ Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.‎ 升级要点1－②：自从她1995年毕业，她一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。(合并升级为时间状语从句)‎ Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.‎ 拓展要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组， 使我们快速出行更加便利。(v.ing形式作结果状语)‎ She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.‎ 拓展要点1－④：正是因为她对我们国家做出的杰出贡献，中国在全世界的高铁领域占据着领先地位。她在2015年获奖。她从未骄傲过。(强调句型， play a leading role)‎ It_is_because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_highspeed_railways_all_over_the_world.She_was_awarded_in_2015.She_never_shows_any_signs_of_pride.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作可采用“总—分”结构来行文，使文章显得紧凑。结合要点，根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇afterwards, as a consequence, however 使文章衔接紧密，过渡自然。‎ Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.Afterwards,_she_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.It_is_because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_highspeed_railways_all_over_the_world.As_a_consequence,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.However,_she_never_shows_any_signs_of_pride.‎ Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.‎ 理清段落结构之(三)　转折 段落转折结构的特点是：1.有同一中心，但具体内容前后不一致，常用“可是”、“但是”、“然而”等词语表示内容与内容之间的转折关系；2.当文段呈现为转折结构时，一般强调的是转折之后的内容，也就是该文段的重点内容；3.表示转折常用词语：but, however, on the contrary, yet (句首), still (句首), as a matter of fact, in fact等。读文时重点关注转折所在段落，它往往是段落甚至全文的重点，是得出结论的基础。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2016·浙江卷·C篇 文章主题句 ‎　 支撑 ‎　 得出结论　‎ ‎　[1]Digital technology — email and smartphones especially — has vastly improved workers’ ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most whitecollar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey (调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn’t accept it, and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.‎ ‎[2]Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced ( 加深) by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working”‎ ‎ remotely, while 35 percent have done housework, and 28 percent have cooked dinner.‎ ‎[3]It is true, however, that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the afterwork rush.‎ ‎[4]The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven’t come as a society from the days when we expected every fulltime worker to be supported by a fulltime homemaker.‎ ‎[5]More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a lowcost way to give workers something of value.Sixtyfour percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2011·陕西卷·D篇 ‎[1]Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution?‎ ‎[2]Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop. In fact, studies show that the most widely grown GM crop, GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.‎ ‎[3]Something else, however, has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true，” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.‎ ‎[4]At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.‎ ‎[5]As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty ‎ and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.‎ ‎[1]提出问题：转基因技术是否解决世界饥饿问题 ‎[2]转基因作物没有增加粮食产量 ‎[3]以however引起转折：转基因作物增加了种植成本 ‎[5]结论：转基因作物不是最佳选择