2019届一轮复习外研版选修六Module5Cloning学案

2019届一轮复习外研版选修六Module5Cloning学案

Module 5 Cloning学案 基础自主回顾 Ⅰ.课标单词 1．__________(v.)追逐，追赶，追踪 2．__________(v.)谋杀 3．__________(v.)对照 4．__________(n.)害怕，恐惧 5．__________(adj.)完全相同的，同一的 6．__________(v.)治愈 7．__________(adj.)假想的，虚构的 8．__________(adj.)难以置信的 9．__________(adj.)可选择的 chase murder contrast fear identical cure imaginary incredible optional 10．__________(adj.)最适应的 11．__________(n.)嫌疑人 12．__________(v.)吸收 13．__________(n.)样本 14．__________(v.)(问题、困难等)发生，出现 15．__________(v.)使惊恐，使受惊吓→__________(adj.)恐惧的→__________(n.)恐怖→__________(n.)恐怖分子 16. __________(v.)使觉得恶心；使厌烦→__________(adj.)令人厌烦的→__________(adj.)恶心的 flexible suspect absorb sample arise terrify terrified terror terrorist disgust disgusting disgusted 17. __________(n.)感情；情绪→__________(adj.)易动感情的 18. __________(v.)呼吸→__________(n.)呼吸 19. __________(adj.)有益的，有用的→__________(n.&v.)好处，有益 20. __________(v.)抵抗→__________(n.) 21. __________(v.)分析→__________(n.) 22. __________(n.)暴力→__________(adj.)暴力的 emotion emotional breathe breath beneficial benefit resist resistance analyse analysis violence violent Ⅱ.常用短语 1．____________________与……形成对照 2．___________________扑倒在……上 3．___________________把……当成……对待 4．_________________和……一样，与……一致 ‎ ‎5．__________________使……复活 6．________________摆脱控制 7．________________(火)燃尽，烧完自灭 8．________________一再，屡次 contrast with throw oneself on...‎ treat...as...‎ ‎(be)identical to bring...back to life get out of control burn out again and again 9．____________依靠，信赖 10．____________如下 11．_________________据我们所知 12．________________分解 rely on as follows as far as we know break down Ⅲ.重点句型 1．________on a cold November night ________ I saw my creation for the first time. 那是一个寒冷的十一月份的晚上，我第一次看到了我的“杰作”。‎ 答案：It was；that ‎2．I wish I ________this creature，... 但愿我没有制造出这个家伙，……‎ 答案：had not created 3．I woke, ________ with fear. 我吓醒了，浑身战栗着。‎ 答案：shaking Ⅳ.模块语法 1. I have lost one of my gloves, I________it ‎ somewhere. A. must drop　　　　　 B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 答案与解析：B　从时态上看，“丢手套”的动作已经发生，属过去的动作，可首先排除A、C两项；从语态上看应属主动语态，再排除D项。must＋have＋过去分词这种结构表示对过去情况的推测，符合题意。 1. ________fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be　　　 B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 答案与解析：B　本题考查虚拟语气，题意为“如果你被炒了，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。”与将来事实相反的假设，从句用should you be。 2. I wish I ________ to talk this over with Mr. Zhang when he was here last night. A. had been able B. should be able C. have been able D. were able 答案：A ‎3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ________ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 答案：D 4. He acts as if he ________ the truth of the matter. A. knows B. knew C. has known D. had known 答案：B ‎5. The teacher ordered that the exam ________ before ten. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 答案：C 考点探究解密 考 点 解 读 ‎ ‎1．contrast vt.使与……对比，使与……对照vt.和……形成对照n.对比，对照，(对照中的)差异 精讲拓展： ①be a contrast to和……成对比 ②by contrast with 和……成对照；和……比起来 ③gain by contrast对比之下显出优点 ④in contrast with/to和……形成对比(对照) ⑤form/present a striking contrast to和……成显著的对比 ⑥contrast finely with和……对比起来更加鲜明 ⑦by contrast与……相反；相比之下 ⑧contrasty adj.明暗差别强烈的 ⑨contrastive adj.对比的 误区警示：by contrast中contrast前无冠词。‎ 朗文在线： ①Their old house had been large and spacious; by contrast the new London flat seemed cramped and dark. 他们的老房子又大又宽敞，相比之下，伦敦的那套新公寓又窄又暗。 ②Mary was short and plump, in contrast to her mother who was tall and willowy. 玛丽又矮又胖，相比之下她母亲却高挑婀娜。 ③The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky. 雪冰冷洁白，与明媚的蓝天形成对照。‎ 命题方向：contrast用作名词和动词所构成的各种句型。 活学巧练：完成句子或汉译英 (1)The article___________(对比)generosity with greed. (2)Her actions and her promises______________(相去甚远) sharply. (3)His white hair was________ sharp____________(与……对比)his dark skin. (4)The white walls make a________(对照)with the black carpet.‎ contrasts contrasted in... ‎ contrast to contrast (5)东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。 _________________________________________________ (6)你今天的成果与上周截然不同。 __________________________________________________‎ 答案： (5)There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West. (6)The work you did today is quite a contrast to what you did last week. 2．beneficial adj.有益处的，有帮助的 精讲拓展： ①be beneficial to对……有好处 ②benefit v．受益 ③benefit from/by从……中受益 ④benefit n．利益，好处 ⑤for the benefit of为了……的利益 ⑥be of benefit to sb.对某人有好处 误区警示：benefit做动词时，无被动语态。 朗文在线： ①She has had the benefit of a first－class education. 她获益于受过一流教育。 ②I can see the advantages of this for you, but how will I benefit? 我能看出这件事对你有益，可是我能得到什么好处呢？ ③Fresh air and good food are beneficial to the health. 新鲜空气和优良食物有益于健康。 ④I hope your holiday will be beneficial. 我希望你的假期会对你有益。 ⑤I benefited enormously from my teachers‘ advice. 我从老师的忠告中获益颇多。 活学巧练：汉译英 (1)新信用卡将会为我们的顾客带来很多好处。 ____________________________________________ (2)千千万万的人受益于这种新的疗法。 _____________________________________________‎ 答案：(1)The new credit card will be of great benefit to our ‎ customers. (2)Many thousands have benefited from the new treatment. 单项填空 (3)Exercise is________to good health. A．beneficial　　　　 B．accessible C．impersonal D．of no use 答案与解析：A　句意：锻炼对健康有益。beneficial有“有益的”；accessible“易接近的，易得到的”；impersonal“非个人的，非人力的”。 3．disgust vi.令人厌恶，令人反感；vt.使作呕，使厌烦；n.厌恶，嫌恶 精讲拓展： ①with disgust反感地，厌恶地 in disgust愤愤地 (much) to one’s disgust令某人(非常)气愤的是 ②be disgusted to find/hear/see 发现/听到/看到……很气愤 be disgusted at/by/with sth. 讨厌或唾弃某物，对……作呕 disgusting adj.令人厌恶的 活学巧练：完成/翻译句子 (1)Everybody except Joe looked at me ________. 除了乔以外，大家都反感地看着我。 (2)Sam threw his books down __________ and stormed out of the room. 萨姆愤愤地把书扔下，气冲冲地冲出房间。 (3)I ______________ see the picture on Page One of Sunday‘s feature section. 看到周日的特写专栏第一页上的照片，我感到很气愤。‎ with disgust in disgust was disgusted to (4)坏了的鱼发出令人作呕的气味。 ____________________________________________ (5)The amount of violence contained in “Children Shows”disgusted many parents. _________________________________________________‎ 答案： ‎ ‎(4)The bad fish had a disgusting smell. (5)含有大量暴力内容的“儿童节目”使很多家长感到气愤。 4．resist v．抗拒，对抗，抵抗，忍住(一般用否定式)；抗(酸)，耐(热)等 精讲拓展： ①resist后接名词、代词或动名词，其后不接不定式。 resist heat耐热 resist the temptation经得起诱惑 resist arrest拒捕 resist doing sth.反对做某事 can’t resist doing sth.禁不住做…… ②resistant adj.对……有抵抗力的，抵制的，反抗的，抗拒的 be resistant to对……有抵抗力 ③resistance n．反抗(对)；抵抗(制) make some (no) resistance进行(不)抵抗 误区警示：resist后接名词或动名词。 朗文在线： ①They are determined to resist pressure to change the law. 他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。 ②He tried to pin me down, but I resisted. 他试图制服我，但我奋力反抗。 ③I found the temptation to miss the class too hard to resist. 我抵挡不住逃课的诱惑。 ④I couldn‘t resist sneaking a look at her diary. 我忍不住偷看一眼她的日记。 ⑤She resisted the temptation to tell him what she really thought. 她克制住自己，没有把真实想法告诉他。 活学巧练： Although a teenager, Fred could resist ________ what to do and what not to do. A. telling B. being told C. to tell D. to be told 答案与解析：B　resist doing sth.表示“抵制干某事”，题中用了被动。句意：尽管弗瑞德才十几岁，但他也会反抗别人指令。 5．cure v．治愈，治疗n.‎ 治愈，痊愈 精讲拓展： ①beyond cure不可救药 ②cure sb. of a disease治愈某人的疾病 ③cured adj.治愈的 ④curer n．治疗者；治疗器 ⑤cureless adj.无法医好的，无法医治的，不能救济的 误区警示：cure在表示“治愈”疾病时，既可用to cure a patient 治愈病人/cure a cold治愈感冒，也可用cure sb. of a disease治愈某人的疾病。 朗文在线： ①When I left hospital, I was completely cured. 出院时我已完全痊愈了。 ②Attempts to cure unemployment have so far failed. 到目前为止，解决失业的种种努力都失败了。 ③Even whisky could not cure him of his anxieties. 连威士忌也不能消除他的忧虑。‎ 命题方向：cure作动词的用法以及用作名词构成的各种句型。 活学巧练：汉译英 (1)那位医生使许多患这种病的人恢复了健康。 ________________________________________ (2)这个病人的心脏病三年前就治好了。 _________________________________________‎ 答案：(1)The doctor has cured many people of such a disease. (2)The patient was cured of his heart disease three years ago. 6．control n．控制，支配；管理vt.控制，支配；管理(物价等)，操纵，抑制 He was in control of the car. 精讲拓展： ①be in/under control of sth.控制/掌握某事 ②get/be out of control失去控制；不受控制 ③bring...under control把……控制住 ④control oneself/one’s feelings控制住自己 ⑤lose control of失去控制 误区警示： in control of表示主语控制of的宾语，in the control of表示主语被of 的宾语控制。 类似短语 in charge of/in the charge of掌管控制/被掌管控制 in possession of/in the possession of拥有/被拥有 朗文在线： ①The street party went on, getting louder and louder and was out of control. 街头聚会还在继续，声音越来越大而且无法控制。 ②The government has been overthrown and the country is now under the control of the military. 政府被推翻了，现在整个国家都在军队的控制之下。 ③Firefighters now have had the blaze under control. 消防队员已经使火势得到了控制。 活学巧练： (1)This handle________(调节)the flow of electricity. (2)________(克制)yourself; don‘t get angry. (3)You must________ your spending______________(节制)． (4)She managed to__________________(控制)her car on the ice.‎ controls Control get under control keep control of (5)All the city was ________ the enemy. A. under control of B. under the control of C. in control of D. beyond control of 答案与解析：B　under the control of“在……的控制下”。句意：整座城市都被敌人控制了。 7．burn out熄灭，烧完 The fire burnt out.烟火熄灭了。 精讲拓展： ①burn away烧毁，烧掉(逐渐)熄灭 ②burn up烧掉，烧光，发烧 ‎ ‎③burn...to the ground把……烧成平地 ④burn down烧毁，烧光，烧尽 词语辨析：burn out, burn up, burn down与burn away ①burn out的英文释义是“make hollow by fire”，因为out表示“from the inside of”，故此词组指要“……内部全部烧毁”。 ②burn up的英文释义是“destroy completely by fire”，因为up表示“completely”，同eat up中的up。 ③burn down的英文释义是“destroy by fire”，因为down表示倒下。 ④burn away的英文释义是“destroy or be destroyed by burning”。 朗文在线： ①When you burn out，you lose enthusiasm. I always loved computers.All of a sudden I just didn’t care. 一个人失去了兴趣，便失去了热心，我向来热爱电脑，突然间我却一点也不在乎。 ②The short circuit burned out the fuse. 短路烧坏了导线。 ③Hours are long，stress is high，and many recruits drop out or burn out. 时间长，压力大，许多新会员已弃权或疲倦不堪。 ④Violent fires soon burn out. 野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。 ⑤The fire that I love about you，Rose，that fire is going to burn out. 但我爱的那团火，露丝，迟早会熄灭的。 活学巧练： (1)The room grew colder as the fire_____________(减弱)． (2)Don‘t leave the gas on—you might_________ the house________(烧掉)． (3)The hotel was completely_____________(烧毁)． (4)Put more wood on a fire to make it____________(烧旺)．‎ burnt down burn...‎ down burnt out burn up 8．break down 分解；出故障；遭受挫折 精讲拓展： ①break up分解；拆散，驱散 ②break in闯入；打岔 ③break out(战争等)爆发 ④break into强行闯入 ⑤break off折断，中断，挣脱……的束缚 ⑥break through突破 ⑦break away(from sb./sth.)挣脱开……而逃走；与……断绝关系 朗文在线： ①The elevators in this building are always breaking down.这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。 ②Peace talks have broken down over the question of reparations.和谈因战后赔款问题而破裂。 ③It’ll be difficult to break down their prejudices about lesbians.很难改变他们对女同性恋者的固有偏见。‎ 命题方向：break与不同副词构成的短语动词的用法，及相互间语义的辨析。 活学巧练： (1)Chemicals in the body________ our food________(分解)into useful substances. (2)The peace talks______________(失败)without reaching any agreement. (3)Thieves___________(闯进)last night and stole jewelry. (4)He kept_______________(打岔)with silly questions.‎ break...‎ down broke down broke in breaking in (5)(2010·广东深圳中学)If Tim keeps working like this, his health will ________ sooner or later. A. break down B. give in C. get down D. put down 答案与解析：A　句意：如果Tim继续这样工作的话，他的健康早晚会垮掉的。break down在此表示“(人身体)出毛病，垮掉”；give in为“屈服”；get down ‎ to doing sth.“着手干某事”；put down“写下；镇压”。 9．虚拟语气 与真实语气相反，它表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。 1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 ‎ 2.使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点： (1)‎ 虚拟条件句中状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had listened to my advice just now, you would_be better now. (从句行为发生在过去，主句发生于现在) 如果刚才你听我的建议，现在你会好得多。 (2)if省略句 在条件从句中，可省略if，把were(had, should等)提到句首，变为倒装句式。 Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我能再回到学校，我会更加努力学习。 Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus. 如果来得早一点，你就能赶上车了。 若省略的条件从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now. (3)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for等。 What would you do with a million dollars? 如果你有百万英镑你会怎么办？ We couldn‘t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if_we_hadn’t_got_your_help) 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成工作。 But for the rain(＝If_it_hadn‘t_been_for_the_rain),_we would have finished the work. 如果不是下雨，我们就已经完成工作了。 (4)含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。 I was ill that day. Otherwise,_I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词) A man who_stopped_drinking_water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(连词) Everything_taken_into_consideration,_they would have raised their output quickly.(独立主格结构) 活学巧练： ‎ ‎(1)________fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off. A．Would you be B．Should you be C．Could you be D．Might you be (2)—If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock. —What a pity! Tina________here to see you. A．is B．was C．would D．has been (3)If I________plan to do anything I wanted to, I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to (4)If it were not for the fact that she________sing, I would invite her to the party. A．couldn't B．shouldn't C．can't D．might not (5)If I were you, I________study harder. A．shall B．will C．would D．may 答案：(1)B　(2)B　(3)B　(4)C　(5)C 10．强调句型 结构形式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。 (1)强调的人或物不管是单数还是复数，该结构一律用it，be动词根据it确定为单数形式。it无词义，不可换用this，that。例如： [误]It were Tom and Jim that/who won the race. [正]It was Tom and Jim that/who won the race. (2)强调句是现在或将来时，则be动词用is；若是过去时，则be动词用was。 (3)强调人，引导词用who，whom，that。强调其他均用that。 翻译时常加上“正是……，就是……”以突出强调意义。 [误]It was in 2003 when the Iraqi War broke out. [正]It was in 2003 that the Iraqi War broke out.(强调句) [正]It was 2003 when the Iraqi War broke out.(it为时间，when引导时间状语从句) ‎ 判断是否为强调句的标志是：把强调结构“It＋be＋...that...”去掉，句子仍然成立，就是强调句，否则不是。 (4)强调原因状语从句时，该从句必须由because引导，因为because表示的语气最强烈。 (5)强调not...until句型的时间状语时，要把not与until放在一起。not until置于句首时主句须部分倒装。 [误]It was until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts didn't begin. [正]It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous star. ＝Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. ＝I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. No until yesterday did we know that Saddam had been seized.‎ 例如： It was neither you nor he that was willing to go to the Great Wall. It is he as well as his friends who has ever been to Suzhou. (6)强调句的句型变化。 ①be动词或情态动词置于句首构成一般疑问句。 Was it during the Iraqi War that he died? Was it in the park that you met him? ②特殊疑问词＋be或情态动词＋it＋that...？构成特殊疑问句。 When could it be that he went to our city? What was it that prevent him from coming in time? ③否定疑问句需在主句上进行变化。 Couldn't it be by plane that he went to France? ④强调句型的反意疑问句须和主句一致。 It was at nine last night that I knew the news, wasn't it? ⑤强调句的主谓一致。 It is they who often help me with my maths. It was these books that they bought yesterday. 若强调句在整个复合句中作宾语，强调句需用陈述语序。 He told me that it was Lily who was standing there reading. 考 题 演 练 ‎1. It‘s the first time that he has been to Australia, ________？ ‎ A. isn’t he B. hasn‘t he C. isn’t it D. hasn‘t it 答案与解析：C　句意：这是他第一次去澳大利亚，是吗？该句主语和谓语动词分别是it和is，所以反意疑问部分用isn’t it。 2． But for the help of my English teacher, I ________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 答案与解析：B　由介词短语but for引起的介词短语在句子中作状语时，其句子的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反，故用would have done形式。 3．—I‘ve read another book this week. —Well, maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. this B. that C. there D. it 答案与解析：D　分析答语句子结构可知此处构成It is...that...强调句型，被强调部分是not how much you read but what you read。 4． They use computers to keep the traffic ________ smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 答案与解析：D　句意：他们用电脑使交通运行顺畅。keep＋宾语＋宾补，此处traffic与run之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补。 5． What a pity！Considering his ability and experience, he ________better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 答案与解析：D　句意：太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经验，他本可能做得更好。A项“本来有必要做(而没做)”；B项是对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测，表示“过去一定做了”；C项是对过去发生的事情的不肯定的推测；D项表示“本来可以”。 6． She ________ have left school, for her bike is still ‎ here. A. can‘t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn‘t D. needn’t 答案与解析：A　句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。can‘t表示不可能；wouldn’t have done表虚拟；shouldn‘t have done本不该做(却已做了)；needn’t have done本没必要做(但已做了)。 7． Don‘t be so discouraged. If you ________ such feelings, you will do better next time. A. carry on B. get back C. break down D. put away 答案与解析：D　A项“开展，进行”；B项“取回，拿回”；C项“分解，崩溃”；D项“收拾起来”。 8．—I can‘t find my purse anywhere. —You ________ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would 答案与解析：A　表达推测之意，意为“可能……”。 ‎