2018届一轮复习北师大版必修1Unit1　Lifestyle学案

2018届一轮复习北师大版必修1Unit1　Lifestyle学案

Unit 1 lifestyles language points 学案 ‎1．As_long_as I get good marks in my tests，it doesn't matter if I can speak English or not.(教材P4)只要我能在考试中取得好成绩，我是否能说好英语就无关紧要了。‎ ‎(1)as long as 只要；长达 As/So long as you don't lose heart，you will succeed sooner or later.只要你不灰心，你早晚会成功的。‎ ‎【提示】　as long as与so long as在表示“只要”之意时通用，没有肯定或否定句式的限制。‎ as long as 只要，相当于so long as as far as 远达；直到 as much/many as多达 as...as possible尽可能……‎ Some villagers in Yunnan have to go as far as 5 kilometres to fetch water now.‎ 现在，云南一些村民必须到5公里外去运水。‎ The boss earns as much as 100,000 dollars a year.‎ 这个老板每年能挣10万美元。‎ 完成句子 ‎①I shall love you ________________________(只要我有一丝呼吸)．‎ ‎②He spent________________________(长达三小时来做家庭作业)every day.‎ ‎【答案】　①as long as I have breath ‎②as long as three hours doing his homework ‎(2)matter vi.要紧；有重大关系(常用于否定句和疑问句中)‎ Does it matter a great deal to her whether they come or not？他们是否来，这与她有很大关系吗？‎ ‎①It doesn't matter who/why/what/where/how/that...……没关系/无所谓 It doesn't matter.(口)没关系(表示你并不生气或介意)；无所谓(用于表示选哪个都可以)。‎ ‎②matter n．事情，问题；物质 What's the matter？/Something is the matter./Nothing is the matter./Is there anything the matter?‎ ‎(口)怎么了？/有点问题。/没什么问题。/有什么麻烦吗？‎ as a matter of fact(口)事实上，实际上，其实 no matter 无论；不管 It's a matter of...是……的问题 It doesn't matter what you wear，as long as you look neat and tidy.‎ 你穿什么衣服都无所谓，只要看上去干净整洁就行。‎ ‎—I've broken a cup by mistake.‎ ‎—It doesn't matter.‎ ‎——我不小心打碎了一个杯子。‎ ‎——没关系。‎ What's the matter with Bill？His eyes look red.‎ 比尔怎么了？他的眼睛看上去红红的。‎ As a matter of fact，we are in the same school.‎ 实际上，我们是同一个学校的。‎ No matter how hard he studies，he can't catch up with his twin sister.无论他多么努力地学习，他还是赶不上他的双胞胎妹妹。‎ ‎【提示】　在用what提问时，what在句中作主语，故在转化成宾语时，句子不用改变语序。例如：What's the matter with you?‎ 完成句子 ‎③____________(事实上)，he is the tallest in our class.‎ ‎④____________(怎么了)？You look as if you have been crying.‎ ‎【答案】　③As a matter of fact　④What's the matter ‎2．relaxing adj.轻松的；放松的 I think a shepherd's life is peaceful and relaxing—but maybe it's boring sometimes.(教材P7)‎ 我认为牧羊人的生活是宁静的、轻松的——不过可能有的时候令人厌烦。‎ I found listening to music very relaxing.‎ 我发现听音乐非常放松。‎ relax v．放松，使放松；轻松，使轻松 relaxed adj.轻松的；放松的 relaxation n．放松，松弛；消遣，娱乐 The music will help to relax you.‎ 音乐会使你感到轻松。‎ Always try to play as relaxed as possible.‎ 可能的话，经常试着去放松地去玩。‎ Fishing is his favorite relaxation.‎ 他最喜爱的消遣是钓鱼。‎ ‎【提示】　relaxed常用来修饰人，指“(人)感到放松、轻松”；relaxing常用来修饰事物，指“(某事物或事情)令人感到放松、轻松”。‎ ‎【教师备课资源】　‎ interesting 令人感兴趣的；interested 感兴趣的 disappointing 令人失望的；disappointed 感到失望的 surprising 令人吃惊的；surprised 感到吃惊的 用relax，relaxing和relaxed填空 ‎①He appeared ________ and confident before the match.‎ ‎②He had a ________ evening.‎ ‎③Just ________ and enjoy the movie.‎ ‎【答案】　①relaxed　②relaxing　③relax ‎3．until conj.& prep.直到……为止 I turn on the television and watch the children's programmes and old movies until about halfpast ten.(教材P8)我打开电视，看看儿童节目，看看老片子，一直看到大约十点半。‎ Sit here until she comes back.‎ 坐在这里等她回来。‎ ‎①until用在肯定句中时，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词。‎ ‎②until引导的结构与否定句连用时，构成not...until...结构，主句所表达的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生，译成“直到……才……”；主句谓语动词往往为非延续性动词。‎ ‎③until的常用句型：It was not until...that...直到……才……，用在强调句型中。‎ ‎④not until放在句首时，主句的语序需要用部分倒装。‎ You may stay here until the rain stops.‎ 你可以留在这儿直到雨停。‎ He won't go to bed until (till) she returns.‎ 直到她回来他才去睡觉。‎ It was not until yesterday that we knew about it.‎ 直到昨天我们才知道那件事。‎ Not until I came back did she go away.‎ 直到我回来她才离开。‎ ‎【对接高考】‎ ‎(2011•全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.‎ A．with　　　　　　　　　　　B．until C．for D．at ‎【解析】　句意：这家店将停业装修，营业时间另行通知。until further notice 表示“在另行通知前”。　　‎ ‎【答案】　B 句型转换 She didn't set foot in England until 2013.‎ ‎①________________________________________________________________________(倒装句)‎ ‎②________________________________________________________________________(强调句)‎ ‎【答案】　①Not until 2013 did she set foot in England.‎ ‎②It was not until 2013 that she set foot in England.‎ ‎4．switch vt.转换；转变n.开关；转变 Then I get up，go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.(教材P8)‎ 接着我起床，下楼，打开客厅的电视。‎ His father switched on the light.‎ 他爸爸打开了电灯。‎ You pressed the wrong switch.你按错了开关。‎ switch on(＝turn on)把开关打开；接通 switch off(＝turn off)把……关掉；关上 switch over转换频道；转变 switch...to...把……转换为……‎ How do you switch this thing on?‎ 这东西怎么打开？‎ Don't forget to switch off all the lights before leaving the office.离开办公室前别忘记关掉所有的灯。‎ We've switched over to telephone banking.‎ 我们已经改用电话银行服务了。‎ 用适当的介/副词填空 ‎①Switch the lights________when you leave.‎ ‎②She switched from fulltime work________parttime work.‎ ‎③Switch________if you don't like the programme.‎ ‎④It's time to watch news on TV. Please switch________the TV set.‎ ‎【答案】　①off　②to　③over　④on ‎5．while当……的时候 I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.(教材P8)‎ 我总是随身携带着手提电视，坐在石墙上看，小狗则在我身旁绕圈。‎ Please don't talk so loudly while others are working.‎ 当别人在工作时，请不要大声喧哗。‎ while/when/as while 表示一段时间和某一过程，必须跟延续性动词。‎ when 既可以表示时间段，也可以表示时间点。从句动词可为终止性的，也可为持续性的。‎ as 则表示两个动作同时进行，有时有伴随意味。可译为“一边……一边”。‎ They arrived while we were having dinner.‎ 我们在吃饭时他们来了。‎ I jumped up when she called.‎ 她打来电话时我跳了出来。‎ As he talked on，he got more and more excited.‎ 他继续谈着，越来越兴奋。‎ 用when，while，as填空 ‎①____________I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.‎ ‎②____________John arrived, I was cooking lunch.‎ ‎③I was wandering through the street____________I caught sight of a tailor's shop.‎ ‎【答案】　①When/While/As　②When 　③when ‎6．work one's way through sth.自始至终忙于做某事；(通过努力)逐步达到 Thirtysixyearold Bob Black is sitting at his desk and working his way through his paperwork.(教材P9)36岁的鲍勃•布莱克正坐在写字台前忙着他的案头工作。‎ She worked her way through the pile of documents.‎ 她从头到尾处理了那一堆文件。‎ work one's way through school/college...半读；勤工俭学 ‎ lose one's way 迷路 make one's way to...前往；到……地方去 feel one's way摸索前进 find one's way out找到办法 get in the way of挡住……的去路 He lost his way in the forest.‎ 他在森林中迷路了。‎ We made our way down the hill towards the town.‎ 我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进 。‎ At this early stage of the talk both sides were still feeling their way.‎ 在这谈判的初始阶段，双方尚十分谨慎。‎ 完成句子 ‎①她须半工半读学习法律。‎ She had to ______________law school.‎ ‎②午饭后，我就到教室去了。‎ After lunch I ______________ the classroom.‎ ‎③他在黑暗中摸索着走到门口。‎ He ______________the door in the dark.‎ ‎【答案】　①work her way through　②made my way to ‎③felt his way to ‎7．go off(爆竹、铃等)响；熄灭；变质；离开(尤指去做某事)；(机器等)停止运转；进展 I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.(教材P9)‎ 我一般在闹钟响前5分钟就醒了。‎ The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off.防盗自动警铃一响，盗贼立刻逃走了。‎ go after 追赶；追逐；追求　　　go ahead 干吧；做吧 go out 熄灭；过时 go away 走开；离去 We're both going after the same job.‎ 我们俩都谋求得到这份工作。‎ Go ahead and do what you like.‎ 去吧，喜欢干什么就干什么。‎ Don't let the fire go out；there's plenty of wood.‎ 不要让火灭了，有的是木柴。‎ ‎【教师备课资源】　‎ go in for喜欢； 参加　　　　go down吞下；(物价)下跌 go against 违背；不利于 go over 检查；复习 go for 想要得到；攻击 go through经历；遭受 写出下列句子中go off的汉语意思 ‎①Suddenly all the lights went off when we were studying in our classroom.________‎ ‎②My birthday party went off very well last night.________‎ ‎③The milk has gone off and you have to throw it away.________‎ ‎④I decided to go off to work as usual though it was raining heavily.________‎ ‎【答案】　①灯/火等熄灭　②进行，进展　③食物等变质，变坏　④走，离开 ‎8．take 花费 It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash，get changed，have breakfast，leave home and get on a bus.(教材P9)我用不足15分钟的时间洗漱、穿衣、吃早饭、离开家并坐上公共汽车。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎①“名词＋take＋时间”表示“某事需要花多长时间”。‎ ‎②“名词＋take sb. ＋时间＋to do sth.”表示“做某事需要花某人多长时间”。‎ ‎③“It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.‎ ‎”表示“做某事需要花某人多长时间”，这是最常见的句型。‎ ‎④询问“做某事需要花多长时间”，可以用“How long does it take...？”这一句型。‎ The work will take two weeks.‎ 这项工作需要两周时间。‎ The work will take us two weeks to finish.‎ 这项工作需要花我们两周时间来完成。‎ It takes me half an hour to go to school.‎ 我需要花半个小时到学校。‎ ‎—How long does it take to do your homework?‎ ‎——你做家庭作业需要花多长时间？‎ ‎—It takes about two hours.‎ ‎——大约两个小时。‎ ‎ ‎ cost/take/spend/pay cost，take，pay 和spend 都有“花费”之意，但其用法各不相同，区别如下：‎ 易混词 主语 常见搭配 take 物或it It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.‎ It takes some time (for sb.)to do sth. ‎ Sth.takes(sb.)some time ‎ 续表 pay 人 Sb.pays for sth.‎ Sb.pays some money for sth. ‎ spend 人 Sb.spends some time/money on sth.‎ Sb.spends some time (in)doing sth. ‎ cost 物 Sth.costs sb.some money He drew out 2000 yuan to pay for the television set.‎ 他为支付电视机款而取出二千元存款。‎ Don't spend too much time watching TV.‎ 看电视不要看太长时间。‎ My new car cost me a cool thousand pounds.‎ 我的新车整整花了我1000镑。‎ ‎ ‎ 句型转换 ‎①It took the expert 3 years to build the bridge.‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________(spend)‎ ‎②I spend ￥100 on books on computer each month.‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________(cost)‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________(pay)‎ ‎【答案】　①The expert spent 3 years (in) building the bridge.　②Books on computer cost me ￥100 each month./I pay ￥100 for books on computer each month.‎ ‎9．take up占据；拔起；升起；开始从事……；继续；占用(时间、空间)；将(衣服)改短；一起唱，一齐说)；对某事产生兴趣 Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.(教材P9)一天的大部分时间都在开会和打电话。‎ The little time I had outside school was taken up with homework.‎ 我在课外的一点点时间都被家庭作业占用了。‎ ‎ ‎ take over 控制；管理；接任　　take down 记下；拿下 take for 误以为；当作 take back 收回(话)‎ Could you possibly take over the post?‎ 你能接任这个职位吗？‎ The reporters took down the speech.‎ 记者们记下了这些话。‎ He speaks German so well，that he's often taken for a native.他德语说得很好，常被误以为是德国人。‎ I take back what I said.我收回我说的话。‎ ‎【教师备课资源】　‎ take off 脱下；请假　　　　　　take away 拿走；使离开 take on呈现；承担；雇用 take in吸收；欺骗；理解 ‎ ‎ 写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思 ‎①I'll take up the story where I stopped yesterday.________‎ ‎②She took up acting while she was at college.________‎ ‎③A large working table takes up most space in his office.________‎ ‎④I first took up teaching after graduation.________‎ ‎⑤The skirt needs taking up.________‎ ‎【答案】　①接着讲下去　②对……产生兴趣　③占据空间　④开始从事　⑤将衣服改短 ‎10．Every minute of the day is_filled_with_urgent matters.(教材P9)每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。‎ ‎(1)be filled with充满着 I am filled with admiration for your bravery.‎ 我由衷钦佩你的勇敢。‎ fill vt.&vi.使充满；注入 fill...with...把……用……充满 fill(...)up with...充满 fill in填写；填入 be full of充满(表状态)‎ His little daughter got up to fill my glass with hot tea.‎ 他的小女儿起身给我斟满了热茶。‎ Shall I fill your car up?‎ 要我把你的车加满油吗？‎ The bottle is full of fresh water.瓶子里装满清水。‎ ‎【提示】　be full of和be filled with一样，都强调“充满……”的状态，而主动形式fill...with...则强调动作。‎ fill用法图解 完成句子 ‎①医生往瓶子里装入了一些药物。‎ The doctor ________ the bottle ________ some medicine.‎ 句型转换 ‎②Her eyes are filled with tears.‎ ‎→Her eyes ________________________ tears.‎ ‎【答案】　①filled；with　②are full of ‎(2)urgent adj.急迫的；紧急的；紧要的 This work is not urgent；we can do it tomorrow.‎ 这份工作不急，我们可以明天再做。‎ Something urgent has come up.‎ 发生了紧急的事情。‎ urgency n．迫切；紧急 urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地 urge vt.催促；力劝 This is a matter of great urgency.‎ 这是一件十分紧急的事情。‎ I don't like to be in deep.Don't urge me to do so.‎ 我不想陷得很深，不要极力劝我去这样做。‎ ‎【教师备课资源】　‎ urgent call紧急电话　　urgent telegram紧急电报 urgent mail急件 urgently adv.紧急地 用urgent的适当形式填空 ‎③No delay！We ________ need these books.‎ ‎④They __________ us to give our support.‎ ‎⑤It is ________ that food and clothing should be sent to the sufferers.‎ ‎⑥Work should be done in order of importance and ________.‎ ‎【答案】　③urgently　④urged/urge　⑤urgent ‎⑥urgency ‎11．When I get home at about ten, I look at some documents that I bring back from the office so_that I can be ready for the next day's work.(教材P9)大约晚上10点钟我才能回到家，到家后还要浏览从办公室带回的文件，为第二天的工作做准备。‎ so that意为“目的是，为了”，相当于in order that。so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果是，以至于”。‎ Please speak clearly so that they may understand you.‎ 请说清楚些以便他们能听清你的话。‎ The bus broke down，so that we had to walk.‎ 公共汽车出了故障，因此我们不得不步行。‎ so/such...that...“如此……以致……”引导的结果状语从句：‎ George had so little money that he had to get a job.‎ 乔治几乎没有钱，所以他不得不找工作。‎ It was such a bad accident that several people got injured.事故很严重，好几个人受了伤。‎ They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书很有趣，我们都想读一读。‎ ‎ ‎ in order that/so that/in order to/so as to in order that相当于so that后面接句子；in order to与so as to后接动词原形；in order to在句中的位置比较灵活，句首句中都可以；so as to只位于句中，一般不置于句首。‎ ‎ ‎ 单项填空 ‎①I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ________ I can have time for a cup of tea.‎ A．as soon as　　　　　　　　　　B．as a result C．in case D．so that ‎【解析】　句意：我喜欢早到20分钟，是为了有时间喝一杯茶。‎ ‎【答案】　D 句型转换 ‎②We got up early so that we could catch the first train.‎ ‎→We got up early ________________________ we could catch the first train.‎ ‎→We got up early ______________________________ catch the first train.‎ ‎【答案】　in order that；in order to/so as to/to ‎12．complain about/of抱怨 My family complains about it.(教材P9)‎ 我的家人对此总是抱怨。‎ She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work.她因为感到自己在工作上不受赏识而常发牢骚。‎ ‎①complain (to sb.)about sth.(向某人)抱怨某事 complain that抱怨 ‎②complaint n．抱怨；埋怨 make a complaint against对……提出投诉 make a complaint about/of sb./sth.对……抱怨 You are always complaining about having no chance of being promoted.‎ 你总是抱怨自己没有得到升职的机会。‎ Almost immediately he began to complain(to us) that the pay he got was much too low.他几乎马上就开始(向我们)抱怨他得到的报酬太少了。‎ ‎【提示】　complain后跟宾语从句时，只接that从句，不能跟sb.作宾语，若跟sb.，complain后须加to。‎ ‎ ‎ 用介词填空 ‎①She complained ________ me ________ his rudeness.‎ ‎②A complaint has been made ________ him.‎ ‎③Many people are making complaints ________ the high price of vegetables.‎ ‎【答案】　①to；about/of　②against　③about ‎13．besides adv.而且；此外 Besides，I get bored if there's nothing to do.(教材P9)而且，如果没事可做我会感到无聊。‎ It's too late to go for a walk now；besides，it begins to rain.现在出去散步太晚了，何况又开始下雨了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎①besides作副词时相当于in addition。‎ ‎②besides作介词时，意为“除……之外”，相当于in addition to。‎ I don't really want to go with you now.Besides，it's too cold outside.‎ 我现在真的不想和你一起走。再说外面太冷了。‎ Besides Tom，I also have other friends in Beijing.‎ 除了汤姆以外，我在北京还有其他的朋友。‎ ‎ ‎ besides/except/except for/apart from besides 表示“除……之外(还)”，除去的部分包括在整体之内，常和other，more，else等词连用，后面接名词、代词和动名词。‎ except 和but意义相同，表示除去的部分不包括在整体之内。except常和表示全体概念的词连用，如everything，all，nothing等，其后常接名词、代词、不定式、从句或介词短语。‎ except for 强调整体与部分的关系，意为“除……以外”，主要用来肯定整体，否定部分。‎ apart from 为介词短语，意为“除……之外”，既可意为包括在内，也可意为不包括在内。后接名词或动名词。‎ His family is poor，so he has no choice except to study hard.他家境贫穷，因此除了努力学习以外，他别无选择。‎ Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.‎ 你的作文除了个别拼写错误外，整体上很好。‎ Apart from basketball，he also likes football.‎ 除了篮球以外，他还喜欢足球。‎ ‎【对接高考】‎ ‎(2011•江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big.________， I'd grown fond of our little rented house.‎ A．Besides　　　　　　　　　　B．Therefore C．Somehow D．Otherwise ‎【解析】　句意：这个房子太贵太大。此外我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。Besides此外，表示并列；therefore因此，表示因果；somehow无论如何，表示转折；otherwise除此之外，表示转折。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎ ‎ 用besides，except，except for填空 ‎①The movie was good ________ the ending.‎ ‎②I can answer all the questions ________ the last.‎ ‎③Who else is willing to go there ________ Tom?‎ ‎【答案】　①except for　②except　③besides 观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会一般现在时和现在进行时的用法。‎ ‎①For lunch，I have biscuits and a glass of milk.‎ ‎②I like the main news at six o'clock.‎ ‎③I am always the first person to get to the office.‎ ‎④Brian Blakey is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day.‎ ‎⑤Bob Black is sitting at his desk and working his way through his paperwork.‎ ‎[自我总结]　1.上述句子，①②③句时态为__________；④⑤句时态为__________。‎ ‎2．一般现在时的形式是用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式，表示________的动作，常和often，every day等时间状语连用；现在进行时的形式是am/is/are doing，表示____________的动作，常和at the moment等时间状语连用。‎ ‎【答案】　一般现在时　现在进行时　经常发生　现在正在进行 ‎ ‎ 一般现在时与现在进行时 一、一般现在时的用法 ‎1．表示习惯性、经常性的动作。‎ I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视。‎ ‎2．表示此时此刻存在着的状态，这种状态有一定的持续性。‎ He studies hard.他学习很努力。‎ ‎3．表示客观真理、科学事实、格言及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。‎ The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。‎ ‎4．用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。‎ I'll tell you when she comes.她来时，我会告诉你。‎ ‎5．表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情，或要发生的动作。‎ 常用于这种情况的动词有 come，go，run，start，begin，return，leave，take place 等，句中常有表示将来的时间状语。‎ The train leaves at three this afternoon.‎ 火车今天下午3点开。‎ ‎6．用在某些表达法中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ Here comes the bus！汽车来了！‎ ‎【记忆口诀】‎ 一般现在时态中，动词一般用原形。表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。动词词尾加s(es)，只表单数三人称。若变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。系表结构和there be，be放句首可完成；若遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘用！‎ 二、现在进行时 ‎1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。‎ Now watch carefully and see what is happening.‎ 现在仔细观察，看正在发生什么事。‎ ‎2．表示现阶段一直进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。‎ I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.‎ 这个暑假我在农场帮爸爸。‎ ‎3．有时表示即将发生的动作(只限于go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，drive，do，have等)，这时常有一个表示将来的时间状语。‎ Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week?‎ 你将在广州待一周吗？‎ ‎4．在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来进行时。‎ If I am sleeping when he comes，wake me up，please.‎ 他来时，如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。‎ ‎5．与副词always，usually，forever，constantly等连用，表达说话者的一种感情色彩。‎ She is always thinking of others instead of herself.‎ 她总是想着别人而不是她自己。‎ ‎【记忆口诀】‎ look，listen是标志，现在进行正发生；有now出现在句中，“be＋v.ing”时态成。若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。一般问句be提前，be加not否定成。‎ ‎【提示】‎ 下列动词不能用于进行时态：‎ 感官类：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，seem，appear，etc.‎ 感觉类：hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive，etc.‎ 存在类：be，exist，remain，stay，obtain，etc.‎ 占有、从属类：have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form，etc.‎ 认识类：understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember，etc.‎ ‎ ‎ 一般现在时与现在进行时 ‎1．一般现在时用来说明客观事实或情况及强调动作的永恒性和反复性；而现在进行时表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，含有暂时性和未完成性。‎ ‎2．常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often，always，usually，never，seldom，now，etc.；常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有：now，right now，at present，at this moment，these days，etc.。‎ ‎　He writes to his parents once a month.‎ 他每月给父母写一封信。‎ He is writing to his parents right now.‎ 他现在正在给父母写信。‎