2020届二轮复习定语从句考点分析课件（71张）

2020届二轮复习定语从句考点分析课件（71张）

2020届二轮复习 定语从句考点分析 v 1.She is a woman. v She is a beautiful woman. v She is a beautiful woman who abandoned （抛弃） all her family, flew to the sky and lived alone v in an isolated（孤立的，孤独的） palace. v 2.It is an animal. v It is a lovely animal. v It is a lovely animal with two long ears. v It is a lovely animal with two long ears, which feeds on carrots. v 3.It is a festival. v It’s a Chinese traditional festival. v It’s a Chinese traditional festival when people get together to watch the moon and enjoy moon cakes delightedly. Happy Mid-autumn Day v 4.It’s an object. v It’s an object in our classroom now. v It’s an object in our classroom now, without which Jane can’t make her voice loud enough as to be heard by you clearly. Mini-loudspeaker 高考对定语从句的命题点会集中于： ① 限制性和非限制性定语从句中关系词的考查； ② 介词 + which/ whom 的考查 ③ 定语从句中的主谓一致。 ● 先行词指人： ● 先行词指物： ● 先行词指时间： ● 先行词指地点： ● 先行词为 reason: ● 关系词 whose 只能作定语，其后必须有名 词， 构成： who, whom, that which, that when where why whose + noun 熟练掌握关系代词 (which, that, who, as) 和关系副词 (where, when, why) 的基本用 法：关系代词在定语从句中须充当主语或宾 语；关系副词则只充当状语。 (一) 定语从句关系词的选择原则 1. 关系代词和关系副词的辨别： 当先行词是 reason 或表时间，地点的词时， 判断是用关系代词还是关系副词，先看从句中 缺少的成分： 从句中缺少主语或宾语时用关系 代词 which/ that; 从句中不缺少主语或宾语时用 where, when, why 引导。 v关系副词when, where, why的用法以及 与关系代词的区分。 v关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语， 当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时， 我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系 副词。 veg. I won’t forget the time when I got married. vHave you still remember the days when we stayed together? This is the place where we had a good time. Is this the house where Mr Smith lives? I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us. Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom? v关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。请比较以下句子： vThis is the park that we visited last year. vThis is the park where we held a birthday party. vShe won’t forget the days that she spent on the island. She won’t forget the days when they stayed together. That’s the date when we went to the college. That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever. I like the time when we lived together. I like the time that we had together. vExercises : vFill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. v 1. Is this the room ____ you cleaned last time? v 2. Is this the room ____ we lived before? v 3. This is the garden ____ they stayed for a night. v 4. This is the garden ____ they visited last time. v that where where that 5. Tom has forgotten the day ____ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day ____ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year ____ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year ____ she spent in Jining. when that when that Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago? (05北京春, 26) A. where B. when C. that D. what 【解析】先行词虽然是chicken farm, 但定语从 句中 visited 是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以须 选择可作宾语的关系代词 _____。 Mozart’s birthplace and the house _____ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (09上海, 34) A. where B. when C. there D. which 【解析】先行词为地点名词短语，定语从句 he composed “The Magic Flute” 中 主-谓-宾 齐 全，所以选择 ______. I still remember the days ____ we spent in the summer camp two years ago. A. which B. when C. what D. where 【解析】先行词为the days, 但从句中的spent为 及物动词，缺少宾语，所在不选 B, 答案为 _____。 Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏, 23) A. if B. when C. which D. since 【解析】本题先行词为days，从句 local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan … 中主，宾不缺， 所以选择 _____。 2. where 引导的定语从句是近年来高考的热点， where 不仅能指具体的地点，也可以指抽象的 场合或情境。 A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (11浙江, 10) A. when B. that C. where D. there 【解析】定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行 词为 place 表地点，故选答案 _____。 Life is like a long race ____ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (09重庆, 34) A. why B. what C. that D. where 【解析】本题从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行 词 a long race 表示抽象的场合，故答案为___. 【小窍门】在确定定语从句须用关系副词引导 时，只要前面的先行词不是 reason 或不表示 时间，就选择 where。 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _____ consumer’s complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (08江西, 35) A. where B. when C. who D. which 【解析】从句中不缺少主语和宾语，前面没有 出现时间名词和 reason, 答案为_____。 (二) 非限制性定语从句 1. 除 that 不可用于非限制定语从句外，其它所 有的关系词都可用于非限制性定语从句。 As a child , Jack studied in a village school, ____ is named after his grandfather. (10全国I, 24) A. which B. where C. what D. that 【解析】定语从句位于逗号后为非限制性定语 从句，可先排除 D 和 C，从句中缺主语，选 择____。 【特别提示】在逗号后的定语从句中同学们可 以先把 that/ what 选项去掉，在剩下的两个选 项中选择正确的答案。 The Science Museum, _____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. (08江苏, 24) A. which B. what C. that D. where 2. which 引导非限制性定语从句时，既可指前 面的先行词，也可指前面的整个句子(无具体 先行词)。 Yesterday she sold her car, ____ she bought a month ago. (08浙江, 8) A. whom B. where C. that D. which 【解析】答案为_____，指前面的car, 作从句为 主 bought 的宾语。 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, make all the others upset. (11北京, 26) A. who B. which C. what D. that 【解析】先排除 C 和 D, 定语从句没有具体的 先行词，而是前面的句子所讲的事让其他人 难过。 3. as 引导非限制性定语从句置于主句之后时， 可与 which 互换 (两者同时出现时须首选 which)，但是置于句首时，只能用as 引导。 The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _____ meant spending tens of thousand of pounds. (06江苏, 29) A. who B. that C. as D. which _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (04江苏, 33) A. Which B. When C. What D. As 【解析】答案为 _____。从句位于句首，缺少 主语，只用关系代词 _____。 【注】as 为关系代词，在定语从句中须充当主 语或宾语。 D (三) “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的的定语从句 1. 可用于 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导定语从句的 关系代词不可用 that, 指人须用 whom, 指事物 则须用 which。 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____ we gave some bells and glasses. (06湖南, 30) A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 2. 高考对这类定语从句的考查难点在于介词的 确定。介词的确定可根据： ● 从句谓语动词的搭配而定 Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西, 11) A .of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 【解析】本题答案为_____，介词根据从句谓语 argued 可构成 argue about sth/ with sb 而得 出答案。 ● 先行词的固定搭配而定 We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (08上海, 38) A. what B. whose C. in which D. with which 【解析】本题从句语意完整，介词须根据先行 词 a period 来定，通常构成 in the period, 所 以答案是 _____。 ● 根据语境确定介词 She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (06陕西, 8) A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 【解析】本题从句语意完整，根据主从句的关 系可知是在“北京大学受过教育之后” 她去 了国外深造。因此答案是 _____。 3. “of + which/ whom” 引导定语从句时，of 具 有独立意义，“其中” 的意思，表示整体与 部分关系，其前常用表数量的 some, all, both, either, most, 20, 20%, the first 等。 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (08湖南, 31) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 【解析】可先排除选项 C 和 D, 再根据逗号不 连接句子排除 _____, 所以答案是 _____。 For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ New York is an example. (08四川, 4) A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 【解析】答案为 ____。本题语意：对世界上的 许多城市来说，都没有向外进一步发展的空 间，其中纽约就是一个例子。 【小窍门】只要前面主句中出现了表示数量的 词语如 many, 5, 3 months, millions of …, 则定 语从句中必然会出现 … of + which/ whom 的 结构，可节省时间。 It is reported that two schools, _____ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. (07四川, 27) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____ the sailing time was 226 days. (04广西, 28) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which (四) “whose + noun” 和 “the + noun + of + which/ whom” 引导的定语从句。 【注】whose + noun = the noun + of whom/ which, 这两种结构不可混淆，为唯一正确的 表达！whose the noun 和 noun of which / whom 都是错误的 Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ____ roof is under repair. (06福建, 22) A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 【解析】答案为_____。whose 引导定语从句时 后面必须有名词，构成：whose + noun “其…, 它的…” 的意思。whose roof = of which the roof/ the roof of which She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. (11江西, 34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 【解析】 答案为_____。the construction of which = whose construction (五) 先行词与定语从句的分离现象 在考试中经常会出现先行词与定语从句分离的 现象，使试题的难度大增，这时要分析语境，找 准先行词，从而正确选择关系词。 The days are gone ____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (11天津, 10) A. when B. that C. where D. which 【解析】本题先行词为the days，为了句子结构 平衡，把定语从句后置。答案为_____。 I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ____ I met in the English speech contest last year. (10湖南, 28) A. who B. where C. when D. which 【解析】本题答案为_____。先行词为________ 在从句中作 met 的宾语。B答案错误，因为从 句中有in the English speech contest 作地点状 语。 You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. (11上海, 39) A. which B. where C. when D. as 【解析】本题先行词为______，作从句谓语 hire 的宾语，故用________ 引导定语从句， 其中间插入了_________________________。 taxis which waiting at the bus station 【解题诀窍】主要根据从句是否缺少主语或宾语 来确定关系词。缺少主或宾语，用which/ that/ who等，不缺则用when/ where。但同时也要注 意句子的语境和语意。 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students __ allows them to communicate freely with each other. (11福建, 24) A. which B. where C. what D. who 【解析】本题从句中缺少主语，先排除B和C，再 根据语意可知 a gift 才是真正的先行词。 (六) that 和 as 引导的定语从句 ● 以下情况只用 that 引导定语从句： 1) 先行词是不定代词 anything, everything, nothing, all 等时； 2) 先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； 3) 先行词由人和物构成时； 4) 先行词前有 the only, the very 修饰时。 vConsolidation exercises. vFill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns. v1. This is the only book ____ I got last year. v2. Is this the book in ____ you are interested? v3. This is the largest animal ____ Tom saw in the zoo. that which that 5. All the desks ____ are bought look really wonderful. 6. Do you have any money ____is used to build the factory? 7. Tom has a toy, ____ was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me. that that which that 4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers____ exist (存在)in the mother school. that ● as 引导定语从句，在从句中须充当主语或宾语 1) 当先行词前有such, the same 修饰时，定语从句 常用 as 引导。 2) 在非限制性定语从句中，as 可与 which 互换， 但在句首时只可用 as。 –Why does she always ask you for help? --There is no one else _____, is there? (05北京, 35) A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn I refuse to accept the blame for something ___ was someone else’s fault. (10全国II, 16) A. who B. that C. as D. what His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it. (06陕西, 9) A. so B. and C. that D. as The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (06天津, 12) A. what B. that C. how D. as ［归纳总结］： “such + noun + that-clause” 与 “such + noun + as-clause” 结构辨析： 从句中缺少宾语/主语时用____, 不缺主语或宾 语则用_____。 as that (七) 定语从句中的主谓一致问题 定语从句中的作主语的关系代词所指的就是 先行词内容，因此从句的谓语动词须与先行词 在数等方面保持一致。 【注】考查中先行词一般是 one of + n (pl.), 这 时同学们只须看one 前面有无定冠词 the，如 有，则先行词为the one; 如无，则先行词为 of 后面的复数名词。 He is the only one of the students who ____ the winner of the scholarship for three years. (02 上海) A. is B. are C. have been D. had been He is one of the three students who ____ the winner of the scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 1. I refuse to accept the blame for something ____ was someone else’s fault. (10全国II, 16) A. who B. that C. as D. what 2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (11全国II, 7) A. this B. that C. what D. which 练练吧 3. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ____ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (10浙江, 3) A. whom B. which C. them D. those 4. The prize will go to the writer ____ story shows the most imagination. (11全国I, 31) A. that B. which C. whose D. what 5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____ sight matters more than hearing. (07天津, 11) A. when B. whose C. which D. where 6. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _____ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. (11陕西11) A. which B. where C. who D. that 7. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏, 23) A. if B. when C. which D. since 8. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (08湖南, 31) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 9. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ we may return in the near future. (10上 海, 38) A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ____ had taken more than three years. (11江西, 34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 11. She brought with her three friends, none of ____ I had ever met before. (09全国I, 28) A. them B. who C. whom D. these 12. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (08福建, 31) A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 13. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer’s complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (08江西, 35) A. where B. when C. who D. which 14. In china, the number of cities is increasing ____ development is recognized across the world. (10重庆, 28) A. where B. which C. whose D. that 15. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ____ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (07湖南, 32) A. who B. which C. what D. that 16. The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (06天津, 12) A. what B. that D. how D. as vCorrect mistakes for the following sentences. v1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. v2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. v3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? v4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. whom whose that are 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. 6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? 7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. likes her it who 名言警句中的定语从句 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man . 不到长城非好汉 1.He ____ is ill to himself will be good to nobody. 人不自爱，焉能爱人？ 2.He who _______(laugh) last laughs best . 谁笑在最后, 谁笑得最好。 3.He who makes no mistakes makes _______. 不犯错误的人一事无成。 4. All ______ glitters is not gold . 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。 5. Opportunity and luck always shows appreci- ation for those who _____(be) bold in struggling. 机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。 6. The only thing ____we have to fear is fear itself. 唯一让我们恐惧的事就是 “恐惧” 本身. nothing who laughs that are (that) Practice makes perfect. v 根据下列内容,运用定语从句写一篇五句话的 文章介绍中国. v 1.众所周知,中国有960万平方公里的土地,是 世界第三大国. v 2. 中国有56个民族,其中汉族人(the Han Ethnic) 占94% v 3.中国有许多大河流,其中长江,黄河是最重要 的河流. v 4.曾有一段时间,中国的经济落后于世界许多 国家. v 5.随着经济的增长,中国人被歧视的日子一去 不复返,所有中国人都为此感到自豪. 话题运用 ______is known to all, China with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, is the third largest country in the world. The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities, among ______the Han Ethnic Group is the largest, making up 94% of the whole. Besides, there are many big rivers in China, the most important of _____are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. There was a time _____Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world. However, with the development of the economy, the days are gone forever ______the Chinese people were looked down upon, ______all Chinese are proud of. As which which when when which 定语从句在基础写作中的运用 内 容：公共场所禁烟 实施时间：2011年1月1日起 实施范围：全国 目 标：所有室内公共场所无烟 措 施：张贴禁烟标志 相关数据： （1）吸烟人数：约3.5亿 （2）分 布：男性75％;女性：25％ （3）受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿 （4）因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万/年 实施时间：2011年1月1日起 实施范围：全国 目 标：所有室内公共场所无烟 This decision, _____aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will come into effect from the first day of 2011. （1）吸烟人数：约3.5亿 （2）分 布：男性75％;女性：25％ Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among _____75% are men and 25% are women. which whom （3）受二手烟影响人数：约5.4亿 （4）因二手烟死亡人数：超过10万/年 Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, _____causes 100,000 deaths per year. 定语从句在写作中的作用: 1.整合信息,使意思更为明确 2.使句子结构更为紧凑 which