2018届译林版选修8一轮复习：Unit3Theworldofcolorsandlight单元学案设计（52页）

2018届译林版选修8一轮复习：Unit3Theworldofcolorsandlight单元学案设计（52页）

‎2018届译林版选修8一轮复习：Unit3The world of colors and light单元学案设计 一重点单词 Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1．abstract adj.抽象的；n.摘要，概要 ‎2．calculate vt.&vi.计算；推测 calculation n．计算；预测，推测 ‎3．shadow n．阴影，影子；阴暗处 ‎4．commit vt.&vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证 ‎5．being n．身心；存在；生物 ‎ ‎6．reward n．回报，报酬，奖励；vt.奖励，给以报酬 rewarding adj.值得做的，有益的；报酬高的 ‎7．changeable adj.多变的，易变的 ‎ ‎8．accommodation n．住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解 accommodate vt.为(某人)提供住宿 ‎9．dormitory n．集体宿舍 ‎10．passerby n．路人，过路的人 passersby (pl.)路人 ‎11．admission n．(机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；承认；入场费 admit v．承认；允许……进入；允许加入 ‎12．cloth n．布料，织物；(一块)布 clothing n．衣服；(尤指某种)服装 clothes n．(pl.)衣服；服装 ‎13．disgusting adj.令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的 disgust vt.使厌恶，使反感 disgusted adj.厌恶的，憎恶的，反感的 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎14．birthplace n．出生地；发源地 ‎15．architecture n．建筑；建筑学 ‎16．output n．产量，输出量；输出 ‎17．medium n．(艺术创作的)材料，形式；媒介，传媒；adj.中等的 ‎18．acute adj.锐角的；强烈的；(疾病)急性的；灵敏的；敏锐的 ‎19．consensus n．共识，一致的意见 ‎20．helicopter n．直升机 ‎ ‎21．tank n．坦克；(储存液体或气体的)箱，槽，罐 ‎22．starry adj.布满星星的；像星星的，明亮的 ‎23．agent n．代理人，经纪人 ‎24．ankle n．踝，踝关节 ‎25．suite n．(旅馆)套房；一套家具 ‎26．canal n．运河；灌溉渠 ‎27．souvenir n．纪念物，纪念品 ‎28．scenery n．风景，景色，风光 ‎29．scholarship n．奖学金 scholar n．学者；奖学金获得者 ‎30．chef n．厨师，(尤指)主厨，厨师长 ‎31．spray vt.喷，喷洒，向……喷洒；n.喷剂；喷雾；浪花 ‎32．dip vt.&vi.浸，蘸 ‎33．wrinkle vt.&vi.(使)起皱纹；n.皱纹，皱褶，皱痕 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1．What type of accommodation(accommodate) are you looking for ?‎ ‎2．The small city has the climate that is changeable(change) in the extreme.‎ ‎3．After much calculation(calculate) they decided to give him the position of manager.‎ ‎4．He gained admission(admit) into this university.‎ ‎5．I met him on a starry(star) winter evening.‎ ‎6．I showed them I was independent by wearing strange clothes(cloth)．(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎7．Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency(agent) at the end of next month.(2015·陕西)‎ ‎8．I have learned a lot from my motorhead：publishers need printers，engineers need mechanics，and architects(architecture) need builders.(2016·天津)‎ ‎1．range from...to...从……到……，在……和……之间 ‎2．be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 ‎3．be typical of是……特有的；是典型的……‎ ‎4．upwards of在……以上，大于，超过 ‎5．be off to动身去……‎ ‎6．build up增强，积累，增多 ‎7．make a reservation预订 ‎8．gain admission to被录取 ‎9．experiment with用……做实验 ‎10．cut up切碎，剁碎；使难过 ‎11．lay out布置，设计；铺开，展开 ‎12．cut sth.out(of sth.)剪出，剪下 ‎13．have a go(at)试一试 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ A boss 1.laid out(设计) a building for a medical factory at the foot of the mountain.The deer living here are 2.cut up(难过) now，because 3.upwards of(超过)1,000 trees in the forest have been cut down.Their home has been destroyed，so they will 4.be off to(动身) look for a new settlement.They are 5.having a go at(试一试) climbing over the mountain.Luckily，the local government has realized this and is doing something to help them.‎ ‎1．only＋状语位于句首，主句用部分倒装 Only on such a trip can you gain a better appreciation of European art.‎ 只有在这样的旅行中你才能更好地欣赏欧洲的艺术。‎ 仿写　只有当你在你心中找到宁静的时候，你才会与其他人保持好的关系。(2014·湖南)‎ Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.‎ ‎2．Hardly...when...‎ Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.‎ 第二天早晨我们一离开宿舍，就意识到把地图落在宿舍里了。‎ 仿写　萨布丽娜的话音刚落，艾伯特就很尖刻地说：“别那么小气。” 并冲她伸出一根手指表示警告。(2014·湖北)‎ Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said sharply，“Don’t be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her.‎ ‎3．现在分词短语作结果状语 After his graduation，this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China，making him famous nationwide.‎ 他毕业后，这个项目在中国各地的艺术画廊展出，使他闻名全国。‎ 仿写　新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。(2016·北京)‎ Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.‎ ‎4．once引导的时间状语从句 Once it is stuck on，you can spray the different sections of the picture with paint.‎ 一旦它被贴住，你就可以用颜料喷涂画的不同部分了。‎ 仿写　消防人员和救护人员一到，拉里和那个人自然退让到一边，让他们进行专业救援。(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man backed off and let them go to work.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ commit vt.投入；犯罪；承诺；保证 ‎(1)He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn’t commit.他蒙冤入狱。(剑桥词典)‎ ‎(2)After shooting his wife，he committed suicide in the bedroom.‎ 在开枪打死妻子后，他在卧室自杀。‎ ‎(3)They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.‎ 他们呼吁西方国家向最贫穷的国家投入更多的钱。‎ ‎(1)commit suicide/a crime/an error(fault)自杀/犯罪/做错事 commit...to...向……投入……‎ commit oneself/sb. to (doing) sth.承诺/保证(做)某事 ‎(2)commitment n．承诺，保证，承担义务 make a commitment to do sth.答应做某事 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)On balance，I think I would rather not commit myself to going(go) with you.‎ ‎(2)We made a commitment(commit) to keep working together.‎ ‎(3)The government committed itself to reducing taxes.‎ ‎(4)A robbery was committed(commit) near here last night.‎ ‎ reward v．酬谢；奖励，奖赏 n．奖金；回报；报酬 ‎(1)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.‎ 学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。(2016·北京)‎ ‎(2)The government rewarded him for saving the child.‎ 政府因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。‎ ‎(3)He received a medal in reward for his bravery.‎ 他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。‎ reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人 in reward for 为奖赏……；为报答……‎ as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 　reward，award，prize ‎(1)reward作名词表示“赏金，奖励”或一些作金钱的报酬；作动词时则表示“奖励，酬谢”，只能以人或人的行为作宾语。‎ ‎(2)award作名词指“奖品，奖金”等；作动词表示“授予，给予；判给”，可以跟双宾语，award sb.sth.把某物授予/判给某人。‎ ‎(3)prize只能作名词，表示“奖赏、奖金、奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。‎ 基础知识训练——[用award，reward，prize的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(1)He received a reward of 900 from the police for catching the criminal.‎ ‎(2)The winner was awarded a gold medal.‎ ‎(3)He won the first prize/award in the singing contest.‎ ‎(4)He was awarded a scholarship as a prize，which was also a reward of his diligence.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。‎ ‎①I gave him a book in reward for/as a reward for his help.(reward n．)‎ ‎②I rewarded him with a book for his help.(reward v．)‎ ‎ cut up切碎，剁碎 ‎(1)He cut up the meat on his plate.‎ 他在盘子上把肉切成小块。‎ ‎(2)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.‎ 水供应已暂时被切断，因为工人们正在维修其中一个主管道。‎ cut down (on)缩小；缩减(尺寸、数量等)；削减 cut across/through抄近路穿过 cut short中断，打断 cut off切(砍)掉；切断；隔绝 cut in插嘴 cut back (on)减少，削减 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)She found it hard to keep both ends meet，so the hostess decided to cut back on daily necessities.‎ ‎(2)Don’t cut in when I’m speaking.‎ ‎(3)Expenses ought to be cut down in every way.‎ ‎(4)When I was trying to cut across/through the lawn，an old man glared at me.‎ ‎ lay out布置，设计；铺开，展开 ‎(1)The garden is laid out in a formal pattern.‎ 这花园是按正规式样设计的。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)You should lay aside your feelings when judging people’s abilities.‎ 当你判断一个人的能力时，应该把自己的感情放在一边。‎ lay down放下；声明；躺下 lay aside储存；不去考虑；搁置一旁 lay off解雇 lay emphasis/stress on强调……‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He showed us how to lay out a printed page.‎ ‎(2)Her face fell when she heard that she would be laid off.‎ ‎(3)He lay down on the sofa and soon fell asleep.‎ ‎(4)I want you to lay aside these useless prejudice.‎ ‎(5)The lecturer wanted to lay stress on the importance of education.‎ ‎ accommodation n．住处，膳宿；调节；和解；预订铺位 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)We can accommodate him for the night.‎ ‎(2)He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.‎ ‎(3)At the end of the day，she returned to take me back to my accommodation(accommodate)．‎ ‎(2014·安徽)‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)无论走到哪里他都能适应新环境。‎ Wherever he goes，he can accommodate himself to new circumstances.‎ 名师点拨 accommodate vt.容纳；向……提供住处；使适应；顺应 accommodate sb.for the night留某人过夜 accommodate sb.with...给某人提供……‎ accommodate oneself to使适应……‎ ‎ be off to动身前往……‎ ‎[短语填空]‎ ‎(1)He set off early so that he could get there on time.‎ ‎(2)They lit a fire to keep off wild animals.‎ ‎(3)My family was badly off in those days.‎ ‎(4)You said he was off duty.‎ ‎(5)Not only will you pass the interview，but you will be off to a better start.‎ ‎ Once it is stuck on，you can spray the different sections of the picture with paint.‎ 一旦它被贴住，你就可以用颜料喷涂画的不同部分了。‎ ‎(1)Once trust is lost，what is left?‎ 一旦失去了信任，还剩下什么呢？(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎(2)Once broadcast，the TV play will be very popular with young people.‎ 一旦开播，这部电视剧将会非常受年轻人的欢迎。‎ once在本句中引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。如果once引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，或从句为“it be...”形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”或“it be”可以省略。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句改错]‎ ‎(1)Once ，it is difficult to forget.‎ 写作能力提升——[补全句中的省略成分]‎ ‎(2)Once heard，the song will never be forgotten.‎ Once it is heard，the song will never be forgotten.‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 We started our trip in Spain and went to Mlaga，1.where Picasso was born.Picasso produced more than 20,000 pieces of art，and he did not just paint，but made sculptures and worked with all kinds of 2.media(medium)．After visiting Spain，we went to Paris.In the Louvre Museum we saw the famous Mona Lisa 3.painted(paint) by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci,4.who was also an architect，scientist and engineer.‎ Later we went to the Musée d’Orsay 5.to see(see) the modern works of Claude Monet.His paintings were typical of a style called 6.Impressionism(impression)，with which the painter abandons the idea of showing real things.Yesterday we went to 7.the Van Gogh Museum.Van Gogh painted about 800 oil paintings and did 1,600 drawings.But the sad thing is that he only sold one painting when he was 8.alive(live)．Today，his paintings are worth upwards of 9.millions(million) of dollars each.Tomorrow we are 10.off to another museum in Amsterdam.‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 Pizza faces Put your apron on and get ready to making a pizza face.Now you can be a chef and an artist.You can use variously foods to help you make a face.There are a few ideas.Use small slices of carrot and pieces of seaweed as hair，and arrange it in the style that you want.Cut off some tomatoes for eyes，pieces of cheese for ears，and a mushroom for nose.Next，you need to think about the mouth—you could make a smile from a slice of bacons.Other foods you could use to create pizza faces including onion，pineapple，eggplant and ham.Most of this foods are available for at your local grocery.‎ 答案 Pizza faces Put your apron on and get ready to a pizza face.Now you can be a chef and an artist.You can use foods to help you make a face. are a few ideas.Use small slices of carrot pieces of seaweed as hair，and arrange it in the style that you want.Cut some tomatoes for eyes，pieces of cheese for ears，and a mushroom for nose.Next，you need to think about the mouth—you could make a smile from a slice of .Other foods you could use to create pizza faces onion，pineapple，eggplant and ham.Most of foods are available for at your local grocery.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于观看展览)‎ ‎1．上星期我和我的同学动身去展览馆。‎ ‎2．展览馆里有很多油画正在展出。‎ ‎3．因为免费入场，很多人去那里欣赏抽象的油画。‎ ‎4．通过看展品，我们学到了很多。‎ ‎5．然后我们买了一些纪念品，高高兴兴地回家了。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用where引导的定语从句。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Last week，my classmates and I were off to the gallery，where many oil paintings were being exhibited.Because of admission free，many people went there to enjoy abstract oil paintings.By watching the exhibits，we learned a lot.Then we bought some souvenirs and returned home happily.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated(calculate)．(2015·四川)‎ ‎2．Architects(architecture) play a more important role than builders.(2016·天津)‎ ‎3．If you’re lucky enough to land such an accommodation，though，be sure you’re 100 percent on time.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎4．We’ve made a reservation for tea this afternoon.‎ ‎5．The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.(2015·湖北)‎ ‎6．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津) ‎ ‎7．Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎8．Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.‎ ‎9．If she had been aware that the mushrooms were poisonous，she would not have picked(not，pick) them for dinner.‎ ‎10．That factory laid off 100 workers.‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 ‎(2017·甘肃会宁一中月考)‎ In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest，there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet，people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.In theory，they should live by the French law.However，their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown，thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.‎ The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corner of this area，which sits on the edge of the Amazonrainforest，with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital，Cayenne.‎ ‎“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white，which ‎ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”‎ His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide.‎ 语篇解读　本文通过一个摄影记者向人们展示了法国的圭亚那人，和现代法国的生活风格给他们带来的影响。‎ ‎11．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ A．They seldom follow the French law.‎ B．They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C．They are separated from the modern world.‎ D．They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.”可知，作者对这些土著人“无法无天”感到惊讶。‎ ‎12．Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as .‎ A．a tour guide B．a geographer C．a film director D．a photographer 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life...”及第五段第一句“His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.”可知，Gin是作为一名摄影师来记录土著人的生活的。‎ ‎13．What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”可知，Gin对土著人的生活的评价是积极的，他在那里长时间拍摄并对法属圭亚那人有着深厚的感情。‎ ‎14．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．The modern French lifestyle.‎ B．The selfsupporting hunting.‎ C．The uncivilized world.‎ D．The French Republic.‎ 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。代词it指代前面提到的“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”，因此选A。‎ Ⅲ.七选五 ‎(2017·山东菏泽期中)‎ Summer is the season to dive into new activities and kick back.And right now is the time to make sure that you’re ready for the great outdoors，the holiday planning ‎ and travel，and the bathing suit beach days.‎ If you want to lose weight before summer，concentrate on dropping no more than a pound or two a week. 15 And when you trouble yourself，sooner or later you’re going to gain it back.Operate at a 500calorieaday deficit(亏损)． 16 So if you cut 500 calories a day for seven days straight，you’ll lose a pound a week right there.‎ Operating at a decrease of 500 calories a day should involve both eating less and moving more；for example，you could consume 300 fewer calories and burn 200 extra per day.‎ Include both healthy eating and exercise in your weightloss plan，and break the 500calorie goal into small groups to make it more reachable. 17 ‎ To cut 100 calories：eat a chicken’s breast without the skin. 18 Use our Nutritional Needs Calculator to determine how many daily calories you should consume in order to lose，gain，or maintain your healthy goal weight.Once you’ve reached your goal，recalculate your nutritional needs for keeping extra weight off all summer long.‎ To burn 100 calories：spend 15 minutes biking. 19 Spend 20 minutes gardening.Keep on down what and when you eat can give you more control as well.‎ A．Here are some simple ways to get there.‎ B．Walk or run one mile.‎ C．A pound is 3,500 calories.‎ D．It is okay to have some snacks between your meals.‎ E．You should always make sure you get a lot of sleep.‎ F．Anything more than that usually means you’re troubling yourself.‎ G．Have vegetable pizza instead of pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)．‎ 答案　15.F　16.C　17.A　18.G　19.B Ⅳ.完形填空 One day I gave my 2yearold granddaughter paper and crayons to play with while I was working on the computer.After a little while she came to me and said，‎ ‎“Grandma，I want a lady pen.”‎ ‎ 　　“A lady pen？” I asked，“What is a lady pen? 20 me.”‎ I opened the drawer that held the pens and pencils and let her 21 one.She took one with the brightest lid and went back to her 22 .‎ Soon she was back and very 23 .‎ ‎ “Grandma，this pen does not make a 24 ，” she said.‎ Suddenly，I 25 what she wanted when she asked for a “lady pen”．She had expected the pen to 26 draw a lady for her. 27 ，we know pens can’t draw anything by themselves.They can only do 28 our hands make them do.But she didn’t know that.She hadn’t learned that 29 .‎ Later I wondered how often we expect our work，our spouse(配偶) or material things to do the 30 for us.We expect them to 31 the longing and hunger in our heart and soul.No created thing can do that.Only 32 can do that for us.‎ ‎ 33 ，we can be a pencil in God’s hands.Mother Teresa 34 said，“I am a little 35 in the hand of a writing God who is sending a love letter to the world.”‎ If we become pens in God’s hands，he will make something 36 out of our lives and it will spill over to others.‎ I drew a lady for Tabitha that day， 37 it was no masterpiece.God is the Master artist.He is an excellent 38 and will mold us into something beautiful and pleasing—if we yield to his control.He 39 that we will not be disappointed.‎ 语篇解读　本文根据作者的小孙女向她要一支能自动画出美女的笔的故事，来告诉我们在生活中经常期望一些不可能的事情发生，上帝是万物的创造者，他会给我们创造一些美好的事物。‎ ‎20．A.Bring B．Show C．Buy D．Give 答案　B 解析　a lady pen是什么样的？让我看看。由下文可知，作者拉开抽屉让孙女自己拿笔，故show“显示，出示”符合语境。‎ ‎21．A.keep B．touch C．choose D．return 答案　C 解析　句意为：我打开装有钢笔和铅笔的抽屉并且让她挑选一个。choose选择，挑选。‎ ‎22．A.crayons B．computer C．papers D．room 答案　C 解析　根据上文中的“paper and crayons”可知，此空指的是作者的小孙女选择了一支带有最亮的盖子的笔回到了她的画纸(papers)那里。‎ ‎23．A.disappointed B．frightened C．excited D．puzzled 答案　A 解析　‎ 根据下文的语境可知，小孙女没有画出lady，应该是非常失望的(disappointed)。frightened害怕的；excited激动的，兴奋的；puzzled困惑的。‎ ‎24．A.lady B．bird C．girl D．picture 答案　A 解析　根据上文提到的“lady pen”可知，本句指的是这只笔不能画出美女(lady)来。由下文中的“She had expected the pen to draw a lady for her.”也是提示。‎ ‎25．A.noticed B．understood C．decided D．caught 答案　B 解析　句意为：突然我明白(understand)了当她要a lady pen的时候她真正想要什么了。‎ ‎26．A.automatically B．normally C．naturally D．randomly 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的by themselves“独自地”可知，此处指的是她本来期望这支笔能自动(automatically)为她画出美女来的。‎ ‎27．A.Above all B．As a result C．At last D．Of course 答案　D 解析　句意为：当然，我们都知道笔是不能自己画出东西来的。‎ ‎28．A.that B．which C．what D．after 答案　C 解析　句意为：它们仅仅能做我们的手让它们做的事情。what引导的从句作do的宾语。‎ ‎29．A.still B．too C．also D．yet 答案　D 解析　句意为：但是她不知道这一点，她还没有学到这一点。yet用在否定句中表示“还”。‎ ‎30．A.useful B．impossible C．meaningful D．challenging 答案　B 解析　句意为：随后我想我们经常期望我们的工作或者是配偶或者是一些物质上的东西为我们做一些不可能的(impossible)事情。本句指的是作者通过小孙女让笔自己画出lady而获得的感悟。‎ ‎31．A.satisfy B．think C．forget D．demand 答案　A 解析　句意为：我们期望它们能满足(satisfy)我们内心的渴望。‎ ‎32．A.parents B．you C．God D．family 答案　C 解析　‎ 句意为：只有上帝才能为我们做到这一点。根据下文中多次谈到God可知答案。‎ ‎33．A.However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile 答案　A 解析　句意为：然而我们可能是上帝手中的一支笔。根据上文的only可知此处为转折，故选择however“然而”。otherwise要不然，否则；therefore因此；meanwhile与此同时。‎ ‎34．A.somehow B．once C．never D．always 答案　B 解析　句意为：特雷莎修女曾经说过……。once在本句中意为“曾经”。‎ ‎35．A.power B．ring C．angel D．pencil 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的“we can be a pencil in God’s hands”可知本句选择pencil。‎ ‎36．A.rare B．beautiful C．expensive D．ordinary 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果我们成为上帝手中的笔，那么他将会画出我们生活中美好的(beautiful)东西并把它们传递给其他的人。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“something beautiful and pleasing”也可知答案。‎ ‎37．A.unless B．though C．if D．while 答案 　B 解析　句意为：我那天为孙女Tabitha画了一个美女，尽管(though)它称不上是杰作。‎ ‎38．A.director B．conductor C．creator D．performer 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“mold us into something beautiful and pleasing”可知，上帝是一个艺术家，是一个优秀的创造者(creator)。‎ ‎39．A.promises B．suggests C．forces D．warns 答案　A 解析　句意为：上帝向我们保证(promise)他不会让我们失望的。‎ 话题词汇 ‎1．abstract adj.抽象的 ‎2．exhibition n．展览 ‎3．style n．风格 ‎4．traditional adj.传统的 ‎5．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的 ‎6．inspiration n．灵感；启发 ‎7．art gallery画廊；美术馆 ‎8．work of art艺术作品 ‎9．under the influence of受……的影响 ‎10．break away from脱离；放弃 话题佳作 假如你叫李华，你的加拿大笔友Jean来信，表示想学习中国画，但是对中国画不太了解，请你根据下面内容，给Jean回信，简单介绍中国画的有关知识。‎ ‎1．中国传统绘画是我国文化遗产的重要组成部分，历史悠久，深受人们的喜爱。‎ ‎2．传统国画的作画工具有：毛笔、墨、宣纸(Xuan paper)、颜料(pigment)。‎ ‎3．中国传统绘画的重要特征是诗、书(calligraphy)、画、印(seal)的完美结合。‎ ‎4．中国历史上有许多传统的国画家，如齐白石，擅长画虾；徐悲鸿，对画马颇有研究。‎ 佳作欣赏 Dear Jean，‎ I am very glad to learn from your letter that you like Chinese painting.‎ The traditional Chinese painting，an important part of our country’s cultural heritage，has a long history.It is very popular among people at home and abroad.What we need for painting are writing brushes，Chinese ink，Xuan paper and pigments.Besides，an important feature of Chinese painting is that a painter should combine pictures，poems，calligraphy and seals perfectly.In fact，many painters are at the same time a calligrapher and a poet as well.‎ In Chinese history，there are many famous traditional painters，including Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong.Qi Baishi was proficient in painting little shrimps while Xu ‎ Beihong was famous for his lively horses.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 名师点睛 本文熟练地运用了各类复合句，如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。本文还有效地运用了连接成分，如besides，in fact等及并列连词while等，使文章表达通顺、自然而不突兀。‎ 单元综合知识运用 考点一 动词的时态和语态 Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦 考向1　一般时的主动语态 ‎1．However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother (drive) the young panda away.(2016·四川)‎ 答案　drove 解析　考查时态。文章叙述了熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾，用了一般过去时，空格处也需用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的过去式drove。‎ ‎2．This cycle (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　goes 解析　此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。‎ 考向2　被动语态 ‎1．So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ 答案　was allowed 解析　考查时态和被动语态。根据语境及allow sb.to do sth.这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。‎ ‎2．Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ 答案　be made 解析　根据句意筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。‎ ‎3．The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.(2016·四川)‎ 答案　is loved 解析　考查时态和被动语态。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)‎ 考向1　文中前后时态不一致 ‎1．It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even to wait outside.My uncle tells me that...(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ 解析　根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．I that it is a good idea.It does not cost much，yet we can still learn a lot.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　考查一般现在时的用法。我认为这是一个好主意。根据上下文可知，此处并不是过去的看法，而是现在的看法。‎ ‎3．However，my parents didn’t seem to think so.They always me what to do and how to do it.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ 解析　根据上下文可知此处应用一般过去时态。‎ ‎4．While they ，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge.(2016·浙江)‎ 解析　根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故chat改成chatted。‎ ‎5．Dad and I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then went shopping.(2016·四川)‎ 解析　由前句中的planned和后句中的cleaned，went可知此处用一般过去时。‎ 考向2　谓语动词的结构形式错误 ‎1．Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ 解析　studies与show之间为主动关系，所以删除been。‎ ‎2．A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside the shop.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　句子的主语为A woman，谓语为saw，crying为宾补，and连接的是两个谓语，而不是两个宾补，所以telling改为told。‎ ‎3．Tony was scared and to cry.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　was scared 与 begun是由and连接的两个并列谓语，由was ‎ scared可知应用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began，begun是其过去分词，所以begun改为began。‎ 考点二　非谓语动词 Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦 考向1　作定语 ‎1．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ 答案　permitted 解析　因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎2．For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something (eat)！(2016·四川)‎ 答案　to eat 解析　不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！‎ ‎3．Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ 答案　living 解析　句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。‎ 考向2　作主语、宾语(补足语)或表语 ‎1．My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ 答案　introducing 解析　由句子结构可知，include后缺宾语，而include后需跟动名词作宾语。‎ ‎2．It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ 答案　to reduce 解析　句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes＋时间＋to do sth.。‎ ‎3．In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　using 解析　介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。‎ ‎4．I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (1) (stop) until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept (2) (ride)．(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　(1)to stop　(2)riding 解析　(1)refuse后接动词作宾语时，要用其不定式形式，即refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。‎ ‎(2)keep后接动名词作宾语，意为“继续做某事”。故填riding。‎ ‎5．One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be) late for school.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　being 解析　空格前面是介词about，后面的动词应使用v.ing形式，因此应填being。‎ 考向3　作状语 ‎1．Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ 答案　to create 解析　考查动词不定式作目的状语。句中已有谓语combine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，combine various hardwoods and metal的目的是to create special designs，故填动词不定式。‎ ‎2．The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots， (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ 答案　using 解析　考查现在分词作方式状语。句中已有谓语cooked，且无其他连接词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。‎ 考向4　祈使句及其他固定句式结构 ‎1．It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is， (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　make 解析　根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形。‎ ‎2．If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　to bring 解析　固定表达be likely to do...很可能做某事。‎ ‎3．When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ 答案　to cool 解析　“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)‎ 考向1　主动与被动的混用 Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are for cooking.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ 解析　考查被动语态。fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为被动关系。be used for被用于。‎ 考向2　形容词化的现在分词与过去分词之间的混用 ‎1．It was both and frightening to be up there！(2016·浙江)‎ 解析　it为这句话的形式主语，真正的主语是to be up there，主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故excited改成exciting。‎ ‎2．Mom was grateful and .(2016·四川)‎ 解析　主语是Mom，故用ed形容词作表语。‎ 考向3　固定结构以及平行结构中非谓语动词的形式错误 ‎1．I showed them I was independent by strange clothes.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ 解析　此处用动名词作介词by的宾语。‎ ‎2．He would ask who we were and pretend not to us.(2016·浙江)‎ 解析　pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。‎ ‎3．We can choose between staying at home and a trip.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　此处为between...and...结构，根据前面的staying at home可知，此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。‎ ‎4．The position of the classroom with its view made me like I was dreaming.(2015·浙江)‎ 解析　make后跟复合宾语，当宾补为动词且与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，用动词原形。‎ ‎5．I enjoyed close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015·浙江)‎ 解析　动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语。‎ ‎6．It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015·四川)‎ 解析　want后跟带to的不定式作宾语。‎ ‎7．We’ve been spending a lot of time in karaoke bars.(2015·四川)‎ 解析　spend some time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。‎ ‎8．I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.(2015·陕西)‎ 解析 ‎　句意为：我也许明年得再退休一次，只是为了能得到更多的饼干。故此处用动词不定式表示目的。‎ ‎9．My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015·陕西)‎ 解析　分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词是is，enjoy所表示的动作用来说明my coach and me的状态，且它们之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎10. tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　分析句式结构可知句子的主语应为Have tea in the late afternoon这部分，动词原形不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词形式作主语。‎ 考点三　情态动词和虚拟语气 Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦 考向1　常见情态动词 Mum：Are they there? Oh，my goodness.I have put them in there when the phone rang.(2014·新课标全国样卷)‎ 答案　must 解析　动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，故肯定句中用must have done形式。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)‎ 考向1　情态动词后动词形式的错用 ‎1．Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.(2016·浙江)‎ 解析　‎ 考查情态动词基本用法。根据语境知，此处是描述的过去的一种习惯，故用would do表示“过去常常做”。would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。‎ ‎2．We must ways to protect our environment.(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ 解析　情态动词后面要接动词原形。‎ 考向2　虚拟语气中情态动词或谓语动词形式的错用 ‎1．Some classmates suggest we can或 go to places of interest nearby.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ 解析　考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用should do形式，should可以省略，故答案有两种改法。‎ ‎2．If you me，would you talk to them？(2015·四川)‎ 解析　此处是虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，所以要把are改为were。‎ 一、动词在语法填空中的考查 在语法填空中，动词的考查主要考虑时态、语态、非谓语动词、语气、主谓一致等。近三年全国卷最常考的谓语动词是一般过去时或者主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时，并会涉及到主谓一致与虚拟语气的考查，情态动词还未考过；被动语态常会涉及一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态；而非谓语动词主要考查其基本形式：to do(即to＋原形)，doing(即ing形式)，done(即ed形式)。‎ 应对策略 ‎1．句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。‎ ‎(1)判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。‎ ‎(2)句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态。‎ ‎2．如果句中已有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是v.ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。‎ 分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分，再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。‎ ‎(1)对于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的时态和语态，熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。‎ ‎(2)现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果或伴随，且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系。另外，现在分词的一般式作状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时或相继发生；现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。现在分词作定语表示动作的主动或正在进行；动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；此外，应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。‎ ‎(3)过去分词可作状语、定语或补语，表示被动与完成；若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词；过去分词不可作主语或宾语。‎ ‎(4)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。‎ ‎3．对于情态动词在语法填空中的考查，主要注意情态动词的一般用法以及“情态动词＋have done”；而对于虚拟语气的考查除了注意情态动词的选用，还需注意一般过去时与过去完成时在虚拟语气中的考查。‎ 二、动词在短文改错中的考查 短文改错中对于谓语动词的考查点常会涉及到考查上下文时态不一致、被动语态漏掉be或过去分词拼写错误，句中出现多个谓语动词且无连词的错误；非谓语动词形式错误常会涉及本该用不定式或动名词却用了原形，不定式符号to的多用或少用也常考，在介词或某些动词后本应接动名词的却用了原形、本应用现在分词的却用了过去分词等。‎ 情态动词与虚拟语气在短文改错中的考查常涉及情态动词后的动词形式错误或be动词遗漏，情态动词混用或虚拟语气中情态动词以及时态的错用。‎ 应对策略 做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面：‎ ‎1．判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用；‎ ‎2．and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致；‎ ‎3．除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致；‎ ‎4．看是否考查虚拟语气；‎ ‎5．看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词；‎ ‎6．看动词的形式是否正确，尤其是第三人称单数形式是否错用；‎ ‎7．看主动语态和被动语态是否错用；‎ ‎8．作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为ing形式了；‎ ‎9．熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词；‎ ‎10．介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号；‎ ‎11．熟记一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式；‎ ‎12．根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用ing形式还是用ed形式；‎ ‎13．别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词；‎ ‎14．看句中情态动词是否运用正确；‎ ‎15．看是否考查虚拟语气；若是考查虚拟语气，注意分清主句与分句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。‎ 专题1　动词的时态和语态 ‎◆动词的时态和语态的形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 一般 do/does am/is/are done did was/were done shall/will do shall/will be done should/would do should/would be done 进行 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done was/were doing was/were being done shall/will be doing shall/will be being done should/would be doing should/would be being done 完成 have/has done have/has been done had done had been done shall/will have done shall/will have been done should/would have done should/would have been done 完成 进行 have/has been doing ‎ ‎ had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing ‎◆动词时态的核心考点 ‎1．一般现在时考点分析 ‎(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。‎ Time and tide wait for no man.‎ ‎(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。‎ Ice feels cold.‎ These oranges taste good.‎ They always care for each other and help each other.‎ ‎(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。‎ He likes his bike.‎ All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.‎ ‎(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ I’ll write to her when I have time.‎ ‎(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。‎ The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day.‎ Tomorrow is Wednesday.‎ ‎2．一般过去时考点分析 ‎(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。‎ We met her in the street yesterday.‎ When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.‎ I didn’t expect to see you studying at the library.‎ ‎(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。‎ He told me he read an interesting novel last night.‎ ‎(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。‎ He bought a watch but lost it.‎ The moment she came in，she told me what had happened to her.‎ ‎(4)常用一般过去时的句型。‎ Why didn’t you think of that?‎ I didn’t notice it.‎ I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.‎ I didn’t recognize him.‎ ‎3．一般将来时考点分析 ‎(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next week等。‎ We will have a meeting tomorrow.‎ We’ll die without air or water.‎ ‎(2)表示趋向行为的动词如come，go，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。‎ The students are leaving on Sunday.‎ ‎(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do，be to do，be about to do的用法及区别：‎ ‎①be going to在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。‎ The railway is going to be open on October 1st.‎ ‎②be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。‎ A meeting is to be held at 3：00 o’clock this afternoon.‎ You’re to be back before five o’clock.‎ ‎③be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。‎ Autumn harvest is about to start.‎ 注意：be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。‎ If it is fine，we’ll go fishing.[√]‎ If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.[×]‎ ‎4．现在进行时考点分析 ‎(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；go，come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。‎ He is working on a paper.‎ She is teaching English and learning Chinese.‎ I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.‎ We are leaving on Friday.‎ The girl is always talking loud in public.‎ ‎(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。‎ ‎①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。‎ ‎②表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。‎ ‎③表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。‎ ‎④表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。‎ ‎5．过去完成时考点分析 ‎(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。‎ ‎①在by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。‎ By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars.‎ The train had left before we reached the station.‎ ‎②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/‎ wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned...＋to have done。‎ We had planned to finish the work before dark，but we were held up by a heavy rain.‎ ‎③“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。‎ He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.‎ Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.‎ ‎④在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。‎ We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.‎ ‎(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。‎ After he (had) left the room，the boss came in.‎ We arrived home before it snowed.‎ ‎6．过去将来时考点分析 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。‎ He always said that he would study hard at that time.‎ ‎7．过去进行时考点分析 过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.‎ ‎8．现在完成时考点分析 ‎(1)现在完成时除可以和for，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks...)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。‎ ‎(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。‎ It is(has been)＋一段时间＋since从句 This(That/It) is the first(second...) time that＋现在完成时 This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting...＋that＋现在完成时 ‎(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。‎ I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.‎ If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.‎ Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ ‎9．注意几组时态的区别 ‎(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：‎ ‎①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ago，last year，just now，the other day等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。‎ ‎②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。‎ ‎(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则只用一般过去时即可。‎ 题组训练1‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention.‎ ‎2．By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get(get) cold.‎ ‎3．I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing(do)．‎ ‎4．Did you predict that many students would sign(sign) up for the dance competition?‎ ‎5．In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing(do) all they can over the past five hours.‎ ‎6．This is the first time we have seen(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)‎ ‎1．As I you last time，I made three new friends here.‎ ‎2．My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I to ask her for help.(2014·陕西)‎ ‎3．I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.(2014·浙江)‎ ‎4．The teacher told us that the sun in the east.‎ ‎5．Suddenly Mary，my best friend， me to let her copy my answers.‎ ‎6．Do you want to know why we last week?‎ ‎7．I knew that they be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.‎ ‎8．Thank you for all you done for me.Mom，though I may not often say it，I do love you.‎ ‎◆动词被动语态的核心考点 动词的被动语态的构成方式：be＋过去分词，口语中也用“get/become＋过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。‎ ‎1．使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 ‎(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。‎ My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.‎ An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.‎ I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.‎ ‎(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。‎ The boss made him work all day long.‎ He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．‎ ‎(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。‎ The children were taken good care of (by her)．‎ Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.‎ ‎(4)情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。‎ We can repair this watch in two days.‎ This watch can be repaired in two days.‎ ‎(5)当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：①谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。‎ 类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...‎ ‎2．不能用被动语态的几种情况 ‎(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。‎ ‎(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。‎ ‎(3)表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。‎ ‎(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。‎ ‎(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。‎ ‎3．主动形式表被动意义 ‎(1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。‎ The fish smells good.‎ This kind of cloth washes easily.‎ These novels won’t sell well.‎ My pen writes smoothly.‎ The door won’t lock.‎ ‎(2)当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。‎ The plan worked out successfully.‎ The lamps on the wall turned off.‎ ‎(3)want，require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎(5)在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。‎ This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.‎ The girl isn’t easy to get along with.‎ 注意：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。‎ ‎4．被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况 be seated坐着；be hidden躲藏；be lost迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿着 ‎5．被动语态与系表结构的区别 此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：‎ 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。‎ The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)‎ The book is well sold.(系表结构)‎ 题组训练2‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．If you listen to rap music，you will notice how the lyrics(歌词) are spoken(speak) in the background of the songs.‎ ‎2．He was seen to run(run) into the classroom by us.‎ ‎3．Such a thing has never been heard(hear) of before.‎ ‎4．Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now will be repaid(repay) later in life.‎ ‎5．You were warned not to eat(eat) too much meat.‎ ‎6．Great changes have taken(take) place in our school since 2010.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)‎ ‎1．A talk on American culture will be in the school hall this weekend.‎ ‎2．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what have marked.‎ ‎3．He has this bicycle since he attended middle school.‎ ‎4．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is rebuilt.‎ ‎5．I still remember the soup made by my grandmother was tasted so delicious that the whole family enjoyed it.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(动词的时态和语态专练)‎ A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman 1.is seeking(seek) professional help after being convicted of(证明有……罪) shoplifting for the second time in six months.‎ Aha Luz，recently studying for PhD 2.has been told(tell) she would end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.‎ Luz，who 3.lives(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Road，Cambridge,4.admitted(admit) stealing clothes worth 9.95 pounds from Lewis in Oxford Street，London，on March 9.‎ Philip Lomoyne，prosecuting(起诉)，said Luz 5.selected(select) some clothes from a display and 6.took(take) them to the ladies’ toilet in the store.When she came out again she 7.was wearing(wear) one of the skirts she 8.had selected(select)，having taken off the antitheft security alarm.‎ She 9.was stopped(stop) and caught after leaving the store without paying，Mr.Lomoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrest and 10.apologized(apologize) for her actions.‎ ‎◆书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦 ‎1．中式英语比比皆是 ‎ ‎2．句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语 ‎ ‎ ‎3．动词的时态、语态及系动词be的乱用 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 第4讲　复合句(1)——琳琅满目的名词性从句 名词性从句通常由从属连词(that，whether，if)、连接代词(who，what，which)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)引导。名词性从句都不能用逗号和主句分开。‎ 一、主语从句 ‎(1)What makes me concerned is my final exam which will be held two weeks later.‎ 让我担心的是两周后要进行的期末考试。(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎(2)What we need most are popular science books.‎ 我们最需要的是科普书籍。(2014·浙江)‎ 二、宾语从句 ‎(1)I hope you could appreciate that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam.‎ 我希望你能理解我必须不遗余力地搞好期末考试。(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎(2)I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.‎ 我诚挚地希望你能接受我的歉意并理解我的处境。(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎(3)I wonder if you’d like to go with me.‎ 我想知道你是否想和我一起去。(2015·北京)‎ ‎(4)We are aware that we should build up our bodies and live a healthy life.‎ 我们意识到我们应该锻炼身体，过健康的生活。(2015·广东)‎ ‎(5)I am sure that with your great efforts，you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.‎ 我确信在你的巨大努力下，你的生活会丰富多彩。(2014·江西)‎ ‎(6)I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment.‎ 我很遗憾得知你现在过得不好。(2014·安徽)‎ ‎(7)This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.‎ 温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们：我们不应该在失败后沮丧。(2014·福建)‎ ‎(8)Can I suggest that we put it off until early August?‎ 我能建议把它推迟到八月初吗？(2014·北京)‎ ‎(9)I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.‎ 我还想知道我要付多少学费，是否包含住宿。(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎(10)I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.I think my life will be very different in ten years.‎ 我经常想象未来我的生活会是什么样的。我想我的生活在十年后会非常不同。‎ ‎(2014·大纲全国)‎ 三、同位语从句 ‎(1)There is no doubt that you can get along well with them.‎ 毫无疑问，你可以和他们友好相处。(2014·天津)‎ ‎(2)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.‎ 它反映出当今的一个普遍现象：孩子们是家庭的焦点，肩负着父母的希望。(2013·福建)‎ 四、表语从句 In addition to reading for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration.That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books.‎ 除了为知识，我们还为乐趣和灵感而读书。那就是我为什么推荐另一种书——文学书籍。(2014·浙江)‎ 即时训练 用名词性从句翻译下列句子 ‎1．我们希望我们能有更多这样的活动！(2015·北京)‎ We hope (that) we can have more activities of this kind!‎ ‎2．我们无法想象没有手机生活将是什么样子。(2014·重庆)‎ We can’t imagine what life would be like without phones.‎ ‎3．负责任是创造一个更好的社会所必须要做的。(2014·湖北)‎ Being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.‎ ‎4．毫无疑问，那里的孩子们急需关爱和帮助。(2013·山东)‎ There is no doubt that children there are badly in need of care and help.‎ ‎5．但是最令我感兴趣的是文学书籍，尤其是那些著名作家写的。(2012·江西)‎ But what interests me most are literary books，especially those by famous writers.‎ 第5讲　复合句(2)——润色添彩的定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。通常由关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as，whose )或关系副词(where，when，why)引导。‎ 一、限制性定语从句 ‎(1)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.‎ 欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎(2)In addition，I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in organizing school activities.‎ 此外，我是一个在组织学校活动方面有丰富经验的外向的女孩。(2015·陕西)‎ ‎(3)Talk to someone you trust about how you feel.‎ 和你信任的人谈谈你的感受。(2014·安徽)‎ ‎(4)I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.‎ 我可以清楚地记得事故发生在一个下雨的星期天下午。(2014·湖北)‎ ‎(5)However，some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.‎ 然而，有些课文有太多的生词和短语，这对我们来说是困难的。(2012·辽宁)‎ 二、非限制性定语从句 ‎(1)I’m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend，which I have promised.‎ 我写信表达我对下周末不能和你一起去书店的遗憾，我本来答应要去的。(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎(2)If they often cheat in the exams，they will form a bad habit，which will have a bad effect on their life.‎ 如果他们经常考试作弊，就会养成坏习惯，这会对他们的人生产生坏影响。(2015·广东)‎ ‎(3)We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.‎ 我们将一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，度过一段有趣的时光，我们希望这样会让他们开心。(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎(4)But the best gift I have received is a watch，which my dad gave me on my last birthday.‎ 但是我所收到过的最好的礼物是一块手表，它是爸爸去年在我过生日时送给我的。(2014·重庆)‎ ‎(5)Our class is made up of 52 students，all of whom are friendly and hardworking.‎ 我们班由52位同学组成，所有人都待人友好，学习刻苦。(2014·天津)‎ ‎(6)I will go on a trip to Sichuan，where there are a great number of places of interest.‎ 我要去四川旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。(2013·山东)‎ ‎(7)I have been class monitor since I came to our college，which brought me a strong ability of organization.‎ 上大学以来我一直是班长，这使我有很强的组织能力。(2013·天津)‎ ‎(8)As we all know，books are the source of knowledge.‎ 众所周知，书是知识的源泉。(2012·江西)‎ 即时训练 用定语从句翻译下列句子 ‎1．最后，我想问一些关于他的私人生活的问题，这一定非常有趣。(2015·安徽)‎ Finally，I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life，which must be very interesting.‎ ‎2．我的老师可能会认为我很优秀，能做好功课，这会使我更有信心。(2015·湖南)‎ My teacher may think I am excellent and I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident.‎ ‎3．我爱好广泛，包括画画、收藏邮票等。(2013·天津)‎ My hobby is widespread，which includes drawing，collecting stamps and so on.‎ ‎4．现在我把我在英语上的所有进步都归功于Mrs.Jones，她的鼓励使我取得了我今天所拥有的成绩。(2012·广东)‎ Now I owe all my progress in English to Mrs.Jones，whose encouragement has made me achieve what I have now. ‎ ‎5．众所周知，污染对人类的危害很大。‎ As we all know，pollution does great harm to human beings.‎ 单元综合知识测试 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．—I'd like to buy a present for Jack.What does he like best，do you know?‎ ‎—I think it's ________tea.‎ A．China B．Chinese C．China's D．Chinese's 答案　A　[有些考生认为是“中国的茶叶”，于是错选B或C。事实上，China作定语时，指中心词的产地，而Chinese作定语时，表示中心词的性质或特征。由此可知答案为A。]‎ ‎2．—Have you completed the project?‎ ‎—I’m sorry to tell you that we______it when we found how much it_____.‎ A．have abandoned；costs B．abandoned；cost C．had abandoned；cost D．abandoned；would cost 答案　D　[句意：“你们完成这个项目了吗？”“很抱歉告诉你，当我们发现它将会花多少钱时，我们放弃了。”when引导的是时间状语从句。由found可知，表示的是过去时间，因此，“放弃”，应用一般过去时；found后为宾语从句，从句表示将来的动作，应用过去将来时，故选D项。]‎ ‎3．The drug carriers will get the punishments_____from a small fine and a few days in prison to a large fine and the death penalty.‎ A．ranging B．ranged C．range D．being ranged 答案　A　[考查非谓语动词辨析。根据句子结构空格处不能填谓语动词，排除C；又因为range和逻辑主语the punishments之间是主动关系，应用动词ing形式，作定语修饰punishments，相当于which/that range from...，答案为A。]‎ ‎4．This is a well ________hotel.‎ A．accommodating B．accommodated C．accommodation D．accommodate 答案　B　[句意：这是一家设备良好的旅馆。hotel和accommodate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语修饰hotel。]‎ ‎5．The graduates ________into the company usually receive strict training before they start to work.‎ A．accepted B．accepting C．admitted D．admitting 答案　C　[admit sb to/into...接受某人(成为其成员)，其被动式为sb be admitted to/into...，本题中此结构用作定语，相当于who are admitted into the company。]‎ ‎6．The newlypublished book，mainly ________use in college，is a bestseller this year.‎ A．designed for B．designed to C．designing for D．designing to 答案　A　[句子主语和design之间是被动关系，且句子中的use为名词，故用designed for。]‎ ‎7．Both students and parents appreciate the great importance schools have ________to eyesight protection.‎ A．reacted B．attended C．attached D．adapted 答案　C　[句意：学校对眼睛保护非常重视，对此学生和家长都非常赞赏。本句中，主句为Both students and parents appreciate the great importance；schools have ________to eyesight protection为定语从句，先行词为importance。attach importance to为固定短语，意为“重视”。]‎ ‎8．A study says that the best way for a woman to succeed at work is to act like a lady，________the temptation to act like men.‎ A．to resist B．having resisted C．resisting D．to have resisted 答案　C　[考查非谓语动词。句意：一项研究发现，女性在职场获得成功的最佳途径是表现得像个女人，避免男性化的风格。这里用现在分词作状语对谓语部分作补充说明，并且表示主动含义。]‎ ‎9．This band is ________of eight boys and girls，including two Japanese.‎ A．made B．joined C．attended D．formed 答案　D　[句意：这支乐队由八个男孩、女孩组成，其中有两个日本人。“由……组成”可用be made up of或be formed of。]‎ ‎10．It is generally accepted that ________boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________man.‎ A．a；a B．a；the C．the；the D．a；/‎ 答案　A　[句意：人们普遍认为，男孩子必须学会站起来，像男子汉一样去奋斗。不定冠词加单数可数名词表示一类人或物，且表泛指，用the时表特指，故选A。]‎ ‎11．During the First World War，Tom prepared to ________his life for his comrades.‎ A．lay in B．lay down C．lay up D．lay on 答案　B　[句意：在第一次世界大战期间，汤姆准备为了同志们牺牲自己的生命。lay down one's life牺牲生命。]‎ ‎12．Hardly ________raining ________the PLA fighters started on their way again.‎ A．it had stopped；before B．it had stopped；then C．had it stopped；than D．had it stopped；when 答案　D　[hardly...when...固定搭配，hardly置于句首，所在句子应倒装。]‎ ‎13．The article said that we students are just learning machines that aren't interested in anything but a book，which has________our strong dissatisfaction.‎ A．contained B．arisen C．promoted D．aroused 答案　D　[考查动词辨析。句意：这篇文章说我们学生是学习机器，除了书对什么也不感兴趣，这引起了我们强烈的不满。故用arouse表示“引起，激起”。]‎ ‎14．The English language ________the rules and vocabulary.‎ A．makes up B．is consisted of C．is made up of D．makes up of 答案　C　[consist of＝be made up of由……组成。]‎ ‎15．________is known to everybody，she is wellknown for her beautiful songs.‎ A．It B．As C．That D．What 答案　B　[as为关系代词，引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个内容。若用it，则为：It is known to everybody that she is....]‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 A guy was on the side of the road trying to get a lift on a very dark night in a terrible rainstorm，with no cars on the road.The storm was so strong that the guy could__16__see a few feet ahead of him.__17__，he saw a car come toward him and__18__.The guy，without thinking，got in and closed the door and until then，he ‎ realized that there was nobody__19__the wheel.‎ The car started to move very__20__.The guy looked at the road and saw a curve(拐弯处)coming his__21__.__22__，he started to pray，begging for his life.He had not come out__23__，just before the car hit the curve，a hand suddenly__24__through the window and moved the__25__.The guy now couldn't move out of__26__and watched how the hand appeared every time the car was__27__a curve.Finally，although terrified，the guy managed to open the door and__28__out.Without looking back，the guy__29__through the storm all the way to the nearest town.Like a drowned rat，in complete horror，the shocked guy walked into a nearby bar and asked for some__30__.‎ Then，still shaking and frightened，he started telling everybody in the bar about the horrible experience he just__31__.Everyone listened in__32__and became frightened，with hair standing on end，when they realized the guy was telling the__33__because he was crying and he definitely was not drunk!‎ About half an hour later two guys walked into the__34__bar and one said to the other，“Hey，there's the bad guy who jumped into the car while we were__35__it！”‎ ‎【语篇解读】 在一个风雨交加的晚上，一个人站在路边试图搭车。天很黑，路上一辆车都没有。突然一辆车停到了他面前， 他想都没想便上车了，进去后才发现车里没有驾驶员。接下来发生的事情让他感到很惊恐……‎ ‎16．A.simply B．easily C．hardly D．roughly 答案　C　[暴风雨如此猛烈以至于他几乎看不见前面几英尺远的地方。hardly表示“几乎不”，符合语境。]‎ ‎17．A.Suddenly B．Secretly C．Unfortunately D．Hurriedly 答案　A　[突然他看到一辆车向他开来并且停在了他面前。]‎ ‎18．A.reach B．stop C．continue D．rest 答案　B　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎19．A.beside B．on C．behind D．around 答案　C　[直到上了车关上门他才意识到车子的方向盘后面(即驾驶员的位置上)没有人。因此选behind。]‎ ‎20．A.wonderfully B．slowly C．quickly D．comfortably 答案　B　[根据上文可知，当时下着大雨，视线非常不好，因此车应该开得非常慢。]‎ ‎21．A.way B．road C．path D．direction 答案　A　[他看着路，发现前面有拐弯处。come his way的意思是“朝着他这边过来”。]‎ ‎22．A.Disappointed B．Discouraged C．Surprised D．Frightened 答案　D　[根据22空后面的“begging for his life”可知，他感到很害怕。]‎ ‎23．A.where B．when C．unless D．while 答案　B　[他没有下车，就在车快要撞到弯道的时候，突然一只手从车窗伸了进来转动了方向盘。when表示“就在这时”。]‎ ‎24．A.waved B．hanged C．touched D．appeared 答案　D　[参见上题解析。27空前的“appeared”是答案提示。]‎ ‎25．A.car B．wheel C．door D．guy 答案　B　[参见23题解析。]‎ ‎26．A.respect B．terror C．curiosity D．interest 答案　B　[由于害怕(out of terror)，他无法动弹。]‎ ‎27．A.entering B．passing C．approaching D．leaving 答案　C　[他眼睁睁地看着每当车接近弯道的时候那只手是怎么出现并控制方向盘的。approach的意思是“接近，靠近”，符合题意。]‎ ‎28．A.take B．jump C．keep D．come 答案　B　[最后，尽管感到很害怕，他还是成功地打开了车门，从车子里跳了出来。]‎ ‎29．A.screamed B．cried C．wandered D．ran 答案　D　[他头也不回地跑向离那儿最近的一个镇。]‎ ‎30．A.coffee B．tea C．water D．alcohol 答案　D　[根据30空前面的“bar”可知，他到了一个酒吧，要了些酒。]‎ ‎31．A.went through B．heard from C．wrote about D．thought of 答案　A　[他把刚才经历的事情告诉酒吧里的每一个人。go through表示“经历”。]‎ ‎32．A.delight B．sadness C．silence D．amusement 答案　C　[大家都默不作声地听着。silence表示“默不作声”。]‎ ‎33．A.joke B．truth C．lie D．story 答案　B　[根据33空后面的内容可知，大家意识到他说的是真话，故用truth。]‎ ‎34．A.same B．attractive C．popular D．cheap 答案　A　[大约半个小时后，又有两个家伙走进了同一家酒吧。]‎ ‎35．A.pulling B．repairing C．pushing D．following 答案　C　[‎ 根据上下文内容可推断，这辆车是在大雨中熄火了，所以这两个人在推车，应用pushing。]‎ Ⅲ.任务型阅读 A man from Korea was telling a friend about his trip to the United States. The man had visited major businesses and investment companies in New York City and Chicago.‎ ‎“I studied English before I left home，”he said. “But I still was not sure that people were speaking English”．‎ His problem is easy to understand. Americans in business are like people who are in business anywhere. They have a language of their own. Some of the business words and expressions deal with the special areas of their work. Other expressions are borrowed from different kinds of work such as the theater and movie industry.‎ One such saying is “Get your act together”．‎ When things go wrong in a business, an employer may get angry. He may shout, “Stop making mistakes. Get your act together.”‎ Or, if the employer is calmer, he may say, “Let us get our act together.” Either way, the meaning is the same. Getting your act together is getting organized. In business, it usually means to develop a calm and orderly plan of action.‎ It is difficult to tell exactly where the saying began. But it is probable that it was in the theater or movie industry. Perhaps one of the actors was nervous and made a lot of mistakes. The director may have said, “Calm down, now. Get your act together.”‎ Word expert James Rogers says the expression was common by the late 1970s. Mister Rogers says the Manchester Guardian newspaper used it in 1978. The newspaper said a reform policy required that the British government get its act together.‎ Now, this expression is heard often when officials of a company meet. One company even called its yearly report “Getting Our Act Together”．‎ The Korean visitor was confused by another expression used by American business people. It is “Cut to the chase”．‎ He heard that expression when he attended an important meeting of one company. One official was giving a very long report. It was not very interesting. In fact, some people at the meeting were falling asleep.‎ Finally, the president of the company said, “Cut to the chase”．‎ Cut to the chase means to stop spending so much time on details or unimportant material, hurry and get to the good part.‎ Naturally, this saying was started by people who make movies. Hollywood movie producers believe that most Americans want to see action movies. Many of their movies show scenes in which the actors chase each other in cars, or in airplanes or on foot.‎ Cut is the director's word for stop. The director means to stop filming, leave out some material, and get to the chase scene now.‎ So, if your employer tells you to cut to the chase, be sure to get to the main point of your story quickly.‎ Business expressions often __36__in the USA Passage outline Supporting details A(n)__37__of a Korean He couldn't __38__others while in the USA, though he had learned English.‎ Where do the business words come from？‎ ‎·Some __39__with the specific areas of the work.‎ ‎·Some are borrowed from other work.‎ Get your act ‎ together ‎·At the very beginning, it's used for the director to ask the __40__actor who made mistakes to act well.‎ ‎·People used it __41__ in the late 1970s.‎ ‎·It means to __42__ yourself well.‎ Cut to the chase ‎·It now means to stop wasting time on details or unimportant material and get to the __43__ point.‎ ‎·It was started by people __44__ movies.‎ ‎·The director used it to stop to film the chase __45__right now.‎ ‎【语篇解读】 不同领域有各自的一套说话习惯，你只有了解相关的表达方式才能游刃有余。‎ ‎36．used/said　[根据全文可知，在美国“Get your act together”和“Cut to the chase”‎ 这两个习语常被生意人使用。]‎ ‎37．experience　[根据右栏内容可知是一个韩国人出差到美国的经历。]‎ ‎38．understand　[由第二段中的“But I still was not sure that people were speaking ‎ English.”可知答案。]‎ ‎39．deal　[根据文中的“Some of the business words and expressions deal with the ‎ special areas of their work.”可知答案。deal with是“涉及”的意思。]‎ ‎40．nervous　[根据第七段中的“Perhaps one of the actors was nervous and made a ‎ lot of mistakes.”可知答案。]‎ ‎41．commonly　[根据“Word expert James Rogers says the expression was common ‎ by the late 1970s.”中的common可知答案。]‎ ‎42．organize　[根据第六段中的“Getting your act together is getting organized.”中的 organized可转换得出答案。]‎ ‎43．main　[由倒数第四段的内容可知，“Cut to the chase”如今的意思是“不要浪费 时间在细节或不重要的东西上，说重点吧”。]‎ ‎44．making　[根据倒数第三段中的“Naturally, this saying was started by people ‎ who make movies.”中的make可知答案。]‎ ‎45．scenes　[根据倒数第二段中的第二句话可知答案。]‎