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【英语】2018届二轮复习冠词典题考点讲与练学案(10页word版)
2018届二轮复习 冠词典题讲与练 一 冠词考点解读 关于冠词的基本用法和习惯用法,我们要记住这个口诀: 名词冠词不分家,泛指特指惯用法。 泛指特指惯用法:泛指即不明确具体所指,是不定冠词a (an)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)的基本用法。而特指是指说话者和听话者都明确无误地知道所指,是定冠词the的基本用法。我们把那些没有规律的习惯搭配称为惯用法,它们需要单独记忆。 注意:the与可数名词单数搭配有时可泛指,表类属。如:The horse is a useful animal. 在我们说话时,先明确我们要泛指还是特指我们所要谈的人或物,然后相应的选择合适的冠词。其他的基本都可归为惯用法,需要理解后记忆即可。如果掌握了这一规律,把复杂的问题简单化后,你会发现很多问题都可以迎刃而解。如:用在序数词,形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same等前面的the其实就是the的基本用法,即特指。请体会:That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。如: (1) [2010·四川卷] In __ most countries,a university degree can give you __ flying start in life. A.the;a B.the;/ C./;/ D./;a (2) —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ____keyboard. —You shouldn't put drinks near __ computer. A.the;/ B.the;a C.a;/ D.a;a (3) Some people fear that __ air pollution may bring about changes in __ weather around the world. A./;the B.the;/ C.an;the D.the;a 2. 冠词的习惯用法 很多情况下,是否要加冠词,常常是一个习惯用法问题,特别是在一些固定的词组中,有时是说不出道理的。如: in town ;in the city在城里have a cold ;catch (a) cold感冒了;at a distance 在一定距离外,in the distance 在远处;in danger of…有……的危险;in the habit of…有……的习惯 (4) [2010·辽宁卷] There are over 58000 rocky objects in __space,about 900 of which could fall down onto __ earth. A.the;the B./;the C.the;/ D.a;the (5) Many people are still in __ habit of writing silly things in __ public places. A.the;the B./;/ C.the;/ D./;the 二、抽象名词和物质名词具体化 1. 不可数名词的具体化,包括抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名词的具体化,是指冠词用在抽象名词 (6) Many people are still in __ habit of writing silly things in __ public places. A.the;the B./;/ C.the;/ D./;the 二、抽象名词和物质名词具体化 1. 不可数名词的具体化,包括抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名词的具体化,是指冠词用在抽象名词之前,表示“一种”、“一类”或“一个具体情况”等概念,使本来抽象的名词具体化,具有了“一”的含义。 The house is full of joy. The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物) Failure is the mother of success. He is a success as an actor. (一个成功的人或物) He gave me a lot of pleasure. It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情) She looked up in surprise. What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情) Knowledge is power. He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门……的知识) He received little education.He received a good education. (一种……的教育) I like coffee. Would you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡) I have just had lunch. I have just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐) 2. 有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词。 by bus/ by train/ by plane at school/ college/ university/ table/ work/ sea in class/ town/ church/ prison/ hospital/ bed go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 7. Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __ Sunday because everybody was at __ church. A./;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;a 三、冠词的某些需注意的用法 1. 不定冠词a/an (1) 表示“同一”,相当于the same。如:Birds of a feather flock together; people of a kind fall into the same group. 物以类聚,人以群分。 (2) 表示“每”,相当于per。如:three times a day一天三次 (3) 表示“某一个”,相当于a certain或some。如: Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. 对不起,打错了。这里没有史密斯先生。 (4) 用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前。如: We all hope to have a peaceful and friendly world. 我们都希望拥有一个和平友好的世界。 (5) a+most 表示“非常,很”。如: This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。 (6) a+序数词,表示“又一,再一”。如: He had decided to give it up, but on second thoughts he decided to try a third time. 他已经决定放弃,但是转念一想,决定再试一次。 2. 定冠词the (1) 用于发明物的单数名词前(phone,car…)。如: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。 (2) 用于姓氏复数词前指一家人或夫妇二人等。如: The Wangs will come to Beijing tomorrow. 王先生一家明天来北京。 (3) 用于表达弹奏西洋乐器时的乐器名称前。如: She plays the violin but gives up lessons on the piano. 她拉小提琴而放弃了钢琴课程。 (4) 用于方位名词前。如:on the right/left;in the east/south (5) 用于比较级词前,比较级句式中常附有表示范围的“of the two…”结构。如: Of the two boys, he is the cleverer.两个男孩中,他是比较聪明的那一个。 1-6 D B A air pollution 是抽象名词,这里是泛指,不用冠词;weather在这里特指全球的气候,因此用the。B C 第一空是固定搭配中冠词的使用:in the habit of;第二空考查冠词的基本用法,“在公共场所”是泛指,故不使用冠词。6.C 第一空是固定搭配中冠词的使用:in the habit of;第二空考查冠词的基本用法,“在公共场所”是泛指,故不用冠词。7.C 第一空是指某一个星期天,Sunday 在这里已变成一个普通的名词,所以要加a;第二空at church是指“在教堂做礼拜”,属于具体名词抽象化。8.D 从语境看,两人之间有信息差,第二个人并不知道第一个人说的是哪只钢笔,即虽然好像是第二次提到,却并不是特指,故第二空仍用a表泛指。9. C 句意为:你有没有听到这个消息:石油的价格又要上涨了。news 虽是第一次提到,但从语境看,说话者接着说明了消息的具体内容。因此此处的消息是特指,而非泛指某一消息。 二 冠词难点点击 要注意冠词的使用误区,即: 第一次说到不一定是泛指,第二次提到不一定就是特指。 8. —Have you seen __ pen? I left it here this morning. —Is it __ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a 9. Have you heard __ news?The price of __ petrol is going up again! A.the; the B./; the C.the;/ D./; / 实战演练 1. A person who has __ final say in an international company is usually __ influential one. A.a; the B.the; an C.the; the D.a; an 2. [2009·辽宁卷] This area experienced __ heaviest rainfall in __ month of May. A./; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a 3. [2009·重庆卷] Washing machines made by China have won __ worldwide attention and Haier has become __ popular name. A.a; the B./; a C./; the D.the; a 4.Students should be encouraged to use __ Internet as __ resource. A./;a B./;the C.the; the D.the; a 5. —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. —It is not your fault. With __ rush hour traffic and__ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. A.a; a B.the; the C./; / D./; a 6.[2010·福建卷] It's __ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them __ pleasure. A./; a B.a; / C.the; a D.a; the 7. “This victory alone is not __ change we seek—it is only __ chance for us to make that change.” said Obama in his speech. A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a 8. [2009·四川卷] In order to find __ better job, he decided to study __ second foreign language. A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; the 9.[2010·北京卷] First impressions are the most lasting. After all,you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression. A.a;the B.the;the C.a;a D.the;a 10.[2009·陕西卷] What __ pity that you couldn't be there to receive __ prize! A.a; a B.the; a C.a; the D.the; the 11.[2010·江苏卷] The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that __ people from all walks of life are working hard for __ new Jiangsu. A./; a B./; the C.the; a D.the; the 12.As __ beautiful movie about pain,struggle,hope and love,Slumdog Millionaire swept the ceremony with eight awards,including __ prize for the best picture. A.a; the B.a; a C.the; a D.the; the 13.__ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __ packed lunch. A.A; a B.The; / C.The; a D.A;/ 14.My neighbor asked me to go for __ walk, but I don't think I've got __ energy. A.a; / B.the; the C./; the D.a; the 15.Of all the subjects,I like __ history best because it gives us __ useful knowledge of things in the past. A.the;a B./;a C.a;the D.a;/ 答案: 一冠词 1. B say(发言权)后有介词短语修饰,表特指,所以要用定冠词,第二空表泛指,且influential以元音音素开头,故用an。2.C 考查定冠词的基本用法。第一空指最大的降水量,形容词的最高级前用the;第二空指五月这个月,表特指用the,选C。3. B attention为不可数名词,并且表示泛指,所以不用冠词;第二空是指“海尔”变成了一个很受欢迎的名字,表示泛指,用a。4.D 句意为:学生们应该被鼓励把网络作为一种资源来利用。Internet“因特网”,是独一无二的事物,习惯上与定冠词the连用;resource作“(教学)资源,办法”解是可数名词,其前加a表示泛指。5.B 根据语境可知,rushhour traffic和heavy rain 是双方都知道的造成迟到的原因,应用定冠词修饰。6. B 句意为:去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐,这是一种非常好的感觉。feeling“感觉”,可数名词,“一种感觉”含有“一”的概念,用不定冠词a。pleasure“快乐,欢乐”,不可数名词,故用零冠词。7.C 依据句意可知,名词change被限制性定语从句we seek修饰限定,故用定冠词the表特指;chance被only修饰限定,表特指“唯一的一个”,用定冠词the;选C。8. B 句意为:为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指;第二空用“a+序数词+名词”表示“又一,再一”。9. C 第一空表示“再一次,又一次”,序数词在此不表示顺序,其前用不定冠词a/an;第二空表示“一次第一印象”,表示泛指,用不定冠词a。10.C 第一空所填冠词构成固定句型what a pity that…,用不定冠词a;第二空后的名词表特指,用定冠词the,选C。11. A people from all walks of life 是固定短语,表示“各行各业的人们”,表泛指,故用零冠词。Jiangsu被new修饰,且表示“一”的概念,故用不定冠词a。12.A 第一空处意为“Slumdog Millionaire (《贫民窟里的百万富翁》)是一部关于痛苦、挣扎、希望和爱的电影”,所以用不定冠词表泛指。prize后有for the best picture,所以第二空要用定冠词the,意思是“最佳影片奖”。13.C the walk 是指说话者双方都知道的一次行走,所以是特指。后面是提醒要带一份盒饭,所以用不定冠词a。14.D 句意为:我的邻居请我出去散步,但我认为我没有那份精力。第一空为固定词组,go for a walk去散步,第二空特指散步的那份精力,选D。15. B 表示课程的名词前不加冠词,故第一空不填冠词;第二空表示“……有用的知识”,knowledge为抽象名词具体化,其前需要加冠词,useful的发音为[′juːsful],故用不定冠词a。 查看更多