2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy-thescienceofthestars单元作业（25页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy-thescienceofthestars单元作业（25页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy- the science of the stars单元作业 一 Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Some new comets (彗星) have been discovered accidentally by amateur (业余的) astronomers. Surprisingly a few bright comets have been discovered with the naked eye (肉眼) by members of the general public. However, a great number of comets are found by comet hunters carrying out telescope searches of chosen areas of the night sky.‎ As the movement of all comets is directed around the Sun and because these bodies brighten as they move towards the Sun, there is a greater possibility for the discovery of a new comet in the skies towards the Sun rather than away from the Sun's direction. This means that searches should be put on the western sky after evening light and on the eastern sky before morning light.‎ From the astronomical point there is no time during the year which is the best for the discovery of new comets. A search can be done at any time providing there is no bright Moon.‎ Studies done on the discovery conditions of comets discovered before show that more comets have been discovered in the morning sky than in the evening sky. Thus the smart comet hunter should make sure that morning activity receives as much if not more attention than any evening effort.‎ In recent times, the use of advanced CCD technology to discover objects close to the Earth will in the future greatly reduce the chances of new comets being found with small telescopes. An example of the new technology is the very successful LINEAR program operating in New Mexico. However, until a similar system is based in the southern half of the Earth there will continue to be chances for the discovery of new comets which come from the south.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了观测彗星的要领。‎ ‎1．What are comet hunters advised to do?‎ A．Look away from the Sun.‎ B．Stay where there's bright light.‎ C．Face the western sky in the daytime.‎ D．Turn to the east in the early morning.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段中的“This means that searches should be put on the western sky after evening light and on the eastern sky before morning light.”可知，早晨太阳出来之前应观测东面的天空。‎ ‎2．What do we know about the time for the discovery of new comets?‎ A．Days when they're close to the Earth are great chances.‎ B．Certain fixed days are best for watching comets.‎ C．Every day is the same if there's no bright Moon.‎ D．Days with the Moon should never be missed.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“A search can be done at any time providing there is no bright Moon.”可知，只要没有月亮，每一天对彗星猎人来说都一样可以观测。‎ ‎3．Which of the following is a smart idea for comet hunters?‎ A．Paying more attention in the morning than in the afternoon.‎ B．Being equally serious both in the morning and afternoon.‎ C．Being more relaxed in the morning than in the afternoon.‎ D．Forming a habit of working only in the morning.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第四段中的“Thus the smart comet hunter should make sure that morning activity receives as much if not more attention than any evening effort.”可知，早晚观测彗星应该投入一样的精力。‎ ‎4．What can be inferred about the CCD technology?‎ A．It's similar to a telescope.‎ B．It'll disappoint comet hunters.‎ C．It's spreading all over the world.‎ D．It'll make comet hunters feel lucky.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“the use of advanced CCD technology ...greatly reduce the chances of new comets being found with small telescopes”‎ 可知，这种技术降低了追星猎人发现新的彗星的概率，因此他们应该会感到有些失望。‎ B Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical (数学上的) problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.‎ However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)．‎ Now Halley set to work. He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.‎ This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.‎ It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honor.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了200多年前英国科学家哈雷以及他的发现。‎ ‎5．Halley made his discovery ________.‎ A．by doing experiments B．by means of his own careful observation C．by using the work of other scientists D．by chance 解析：选C　细节理解题。由文中第三段“He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.”可知应选C。‎ ‎6．Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year ________.‎ A．1704　　　　　　　　 B．1705‎ C．1706 D．1707‎ 解析：选B　数字计算题。由最后一段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”可知，他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。‎ ‎7．This passage in general is about ________.‎ A．Halley and other scientists B．the orbit of a comet C．Newton and Halley D．Halley and his discovery 解析：选D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了哈雷以及他的发现。‎ ‎8．Which of the following is TRUE?‎ A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist.‎ B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.‎ C．Newton was a famous mathematician.‎ D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第三段的分析中可知B项也错误；由第二段可知，牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D项。‎ C My friend Tim was one of five children. His father was an alcoholic and died very young, and his mother was unable to support the family. Unfortunately, the children were separated and placed in foster homes (收养家庭)．‎ Tim dropped out of school and did nothing to further himself. He eventually went through a divorce. Tim's brother, although experiencing the same childhood, educated himself and got a good job. He has a happy family and a wonderful home.‎ Both brothers gave a similar answer when asked why their lives turned out the way they did. They said, “You'd turn out this way too if you had a childhood like mine.” Neither of the brothers could change his past, but one of them adjusted (调整) his sail.‎ It doesn't take much to find an excuse whether that is our family background, our lack of education, or that we live in the wrong city, or do not know the right people. Each one of these excuses has a solution. However, if you believe that there is nothing you can do to turn your life around, then you won't be able to change your life for the better.‎ If you really desire to turn your life to a new course, to set your sail to a different port, it is a matter of choice. If you choose to move forward, the easiest way is to find a solution to your today's situation. Solutions are there if you want to go after them. Sure, it may take some hard work, or the willingness to take a risk. But if you do not, then you will never have a different or happy life. Do not limit yourself by finding an excuse; only limit yourself by refusing to have an excuse.‎ 语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。我们的过往是什么样子并不是很重要，因为未来掌握在我们自己手里。‎ ‎9．Why does Tim's brother have a happy life?‎ A．He had a happy childhood.‎ B．He tried hard to change his life.‎ C．He had a wonderful foster home.‎ D．He was the smartest of his family.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第二段“Tim's brother, although experiencing the same childhood, educated himself and got a good job.”可知，Tim的哥哥是因为努力改变自己的命运才有了一个幸福的生活。‎ ‎10．What did Tim think led to his unhappy life?‎ A．His laziness.‎ B．Not adjusting his sail.‎ C．His unhappy childhood.‎ D．Not having any opportunities.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段“They said, ‘You'd turn out this way too if you had a childhood like mine.’”可知，Tim将自己的不幸归咎于自己不幸的童年。‎ ‎11．In the author's opinion, his friend Tim ________.‎ A．really had no chance to improve his life B．failed because he lived in the wrong city C．was the most unfortunate man in the world D．could have changed his life if he had chosen to 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第四段“Each one of these excuses has a solution.However, if you believe that there is nothing you can do to turn your life around, then you won't be able to change your life for the better.”可知，作者认为Tim本来是可以改变自己的人生的。‎ ‎12．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Adjust your sail B．Say “no” to excuses C．Move toward a happy family D．How we live our life is a choice 解析：选D　标题归纳题。由最后一段“If you really desire to turn your life to a new course, to set your sail to a different port, it is a matter of choice.”可知，本文旨在告诉我们，想过什么样的生活在于我们自己怎么选择。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 It is often seen that in many homes young children ask their parents for a pet, and yet their parents refuse due to the fear of spreading illnesses and the responsibility that comes with owning a pet.__1__ Here are some things that kids can learn from pets：‎ Empathy (移情) and calmness.__2__ These lessons will help them in the future when they deal with other humans. And as they take care of their pets, children learn how to be calm, gentle, and caring, eventually growing up to be open and compassionate (有同情心的) adults.‎ Companionship. Once you have a pet, your kid can always depend on having a friend and companion who will love and support him unconditionally. This makes him more selfconfident and also helps in developing an active lifestyle.__3__‎ Responsibility and discipline.__4__ Research shows that training of pets also develops discipline in kids. Appreciation of such achievements is sure to encourage them, and this will help them in the future.‎ Reading skills.__5__ It is because while kids might be unwilling to read aloud in a formal setting, like a school, they are more confident to read out to animals, as the fear of being judged is not present.‎ A．Proper care leads to good relationships with the animals.‎ B．Pets can help with the educational development of children.‎ C．Having a pet will help kids learn about the circle of life and death.‎ D．But getting a pet is actually a good idea due to the various benefits.‎ E．Tasks like feeding and walking the dog teach children to be responsible.‎ F．This is especially important for only kids who don't have friends to play with.‎ G．Being with pets, kids learn that animals feel pain and want love just like humans.‎ 答案：1～5　DGFEB 二 Warming Up & Reading — Language Points 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．What puzzled (迷惑) me was why they didn't take his advice.‎ ‎2．It is impossible to prove the existence (存在) of God.‎ ‎3．I felt my heart beating violently (猛烈地)．‎ ‎4．As is known, lack of sleep does great harm (伤害) to us students.‎ ‎5．Three multiplied (乘) by six is eighteen.‎ ‎6．He chained (拴) the dog for the night.‎ ‎7．The shortage of water has become a global (全球的) problem.‎ ‎8．There're many theories (理论) about the origin of life.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is uncertain whether he'll succeed in passing the driving test or not.‎ ‎2．His decision made it possible for us to finish the work by four o'clock this afternoon.‎ ‎3．Each of us in turn had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.‎ ‎4．The situation in that country should be_prevented (prevent) from becoming worse.‎ ‎5．You needn't worry because this snake is harmless (harm)．‎ ‎6．My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.‎ ‎7．If you give up this chance, you'll regret it in time.‎ ‎8．Look at the pictures and take turns to_tell (tell) the story.‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 do great harm to， give birth to， in time， puzzle about， protect ...from ...， lay eggs， prevent ...from ...， in one's turn ‎1．As we know, laying_eggs is the ant queen's fulltime job.‎ ‎2．The other day my pet cat gave_birth_to a new little cat.‎ ‎3．These factories have done_great_harm_to the environment.‎ ‎4．Some measures have been taken in_time to protect the environment.‎ ‎5．The new measures are designed to protect the public from people like these.‎ ‎6．We were prevented_from attending Professor Li's lecture by the heavy rain.‎ ‎7．I have been puzzling__about this question for weeks.‎ ‎8．All the five daughters, in_their_turn,_took care of the sick father in hospital.‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 The earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”．The earth 1.exploded (explode) loudly with fire and rock.They were in time 2.to_produce (produce) many things, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.3.As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful (harm) gases.Then life began to develop.‎ The first small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 5.with oxygen.This encouraged the 6.development (develop) of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such as insects, reptiles 7.and dinosaurs and so on appeared after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all over the earth.They 8.are_putting (put) too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 9.escaping (escape) from the earth into space.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years 10.to_come (come) will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 这条河流的两岸有(exist)许多工厂，有些已经对环境造成损害(harm)。去年，有家工厂曾经发生剧烈(violently)爆炸。因此，当地人们都陷入到巨大的恐慌中。听到已经及时(in time)采取措施阻止(prevent ...from)污染的进一步恶化，他们都感到非常高兴。‎ There_exist_many_factories_along_the_river,_some_of_which_have_done_great_harm_to_the_environment.Last_year,_one_of_them_exploded_violently;_as_a_result,_the_local_people_got_into_a_great_panic.Hearing_that_some_measures_had_been_taken_in_time_to_prevent_the_pollution_from_getting_bad_to_worse,_they_were_all_more_than_glad.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 I had thought today was going to be an ordinary day.However, by 9 a．m., I realized it was something very __1__.‎ For the past week, I've been a bit __2__.My kids are scattered (分散) around the world, and I miss them being part of our __3__ life — you know, dropping in for dinner, being able to meet the girls on a Saturday and go shopping, that sort of thing.‎ I must __4__ feeling a bit sorry for myself.When I told my kids that it was important for them to __5__ and leave home to follow their dreams, I didn't think they would __6__ because they always paid little attention to what I said.‎ But today was a reality check.‎ Firstly, I __7__ a message from my youngest daughter this morning, which __8__ me she got a new job. Five months ago, she __9__ her things and moved to Vancouver alone.__10__， she had no where to live and had no job.__11__， she has found a place to live and has found a job now. She's feeling right at home in her new city.‎ The next __12__ was from my son, who has been __13__ in Montreal for two years. His __14__ is going from strength to strength. He __15__ out as a video editor and now a producer. His videos __16__ get over 1 million hits and some of them over 10 million.‎ Then to top it off, I was listening to my oldest daughter reading breakfast news for Drive Time, one of the country's most popular breakfast radio stations. Today __17__ to be the anniversary (周年纪念日) of the day six years ago when she first started in radio in a small regional radio program, which __18__ she also had to move away from home.‎ So __19__ I'm sad that they're living away from home, I'm also __20__ of the way they've created their success.‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文。作者的孩子们都远离家乡外出工作，作者为此感到有些难过。可就在同一天里，她收到了关于三个孩子在外工作小有成就的消息，为此作者感到很开心。‎ ‎1．A. strange　　　　　　　　 B．funny C．different D．common 解析：选C　作者原以为今天会像平时那样平淡，却在同一天里得到三个孩子在外工作的消息，即今天与平时不一样。‎ ‎2．A. sad B．frightened C．excited D．happy 解析：选A　根据最后一段的“I'm sad that they're living away from home”可知答案。‎ ‎3．A. hard B．political C．social D．daily 解析：选D　根据“you know, dropping in for dinner, being able to meet the girls on a Saturday and go shopping, that sort of thing”可知，此处应指作者与孩子们一起度过的日常生活。‎ ‎4．A. avoid B．admit C．imagine D．continue 解析：选B　作者因孩子们远离家而不开心是事实，因此她不得不承认这一点。‎ ‎5．A. wander B．relax C．travel D．run 解析：选C　根据“leave home to follow their dreams”可知，此处应指外出，故选C项。‎ ‎6．A. listen B．refuse C．believe D．mind 解析：选A　根据“they always paid little attention to what I said”可知，孩子们不怎么听作者的话。‎ ‎7．A. delivered B．sent C．spread D．received 解析：选D　根据下文可知，此处指作者收到小女儿的信息。‎ ‎8．A. ordered B．told C．urged D．ensured 解析：选B　该信息告诉作者她的小女儿在新的城市找到了工作。‎ ‎9．A. looked at B．put away C．packed up D．made up 解析：选C　五个月前，小女儿打包好行李，独自一人去了温哥华。‎ ‎10．A. In the beginning B．In total C．As a result D．On the contrary 解析：选A　起初，作者的小女儿没有住的地方，也没有工作。‎ ‎11．A. Therefore B．Otherwise C．Instead D．However 解析：选D　现在小女儿找到了住的地方和工作。前后两句表示转折，因此选D项。‎ ‎12．A. present B．message C．support D．stage 解析：选B　第二条信息来自作者的儿子，故选B项。‎ ‎13．A. touring B．studying C．living D．teaching 解析：选C　根据下文内容可知，作者的儿子在蒙特利尔已经生活了两年了。‎ ‎14．A. job B．marriage C．hobby D．power 解析：选A　根据下文可知，作者的儿子事业越做越好。‎ ‎15．A. turned B．worked C．came D．started 解析：选D　作者的儿子从当一名视频编辑起家。‎ ‎16．A. rarely B．regularly C．hardly D．never 解析：选B　作者的儿子事业越做越好，由此可推断他的产品深受顾客的青睐，因此选B项。‎ ‎17．A. happened B．prepared C．planned D．expected 解析：选A　今天恰巧也是大女儿初入播音事业的六周年纪念日。‎ ‎18．A. concluded B．meant C．questioned D．inferred 解析：选B　六年前大女儿为一家小小的地方播音节目，这意味着她也不得不远离家乡。‎ ‎19．A. because B．if C．before D．while 解析：选D　尽管作者因为孩子们不在家而难过，但也为孩子们能在外立足而感到骄傲。‎ ‎20．A. sick B．proud C．afraid D．tired 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Dear Sir，‎ My name is Li Hua. I'd like take the chance for the Twoweek Ecotravel Round Australia. I'm a senior two student of 17 in Xi'an. I have a great many of hobbies, such as music, drawing or playing chess. Especially I'm fond of sports and travel. That's because I'm quite strong and healthy. Australia has long been my dream countries to visit. There're plenty of interesting plants and animals in that magic country, which were what I want to learn personal. The travel will for sure help increase my knowledge of protect the environment and broaden your horizons. It maybe very tired, but I still apply for the travel.‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua 答案：第二句：like后加to ‎ 第四句：去掉of; or→and 第六句：because→why ‎ 第七句：countries→country ‎ 第八句：were→are; personal→personally ‎ 第九句：protect→protecting; your→my 第十句：tired→tiring 三 Learning about Language & Using Language 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎ ‎1．A truck went out of control and crashed (撞到) into the back of a bus.‎ ‎2．He cheered (振奋) up at the thought of buying a new car.‎ ‎3．The smell of new bread floated (飘动) up from the kitchen.‎ ‎4．The train pulled (拉) in half an hour ago.‎ ‎5．The waves gently (轻轻地) lap against the shore.‎ ‎6．China has sent up many satellites (卫星) so far.‎ ‎7．As we all know, Qian Xuesen is a famous physicist (物理学家)．‎ ‎8．He arrived home, exhausted (精疲力尽的)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We put a piece of cloth across the window to block out the sunlight.‎ ‎2．She was always gentle with the children in the kindergarten, never hitting nor scolding them.‎ ‎3．After fighting with his illness many years, the patient pulled through finally.‎ ‎4．All the visitors were told to watch out for those dangerous animals while visiting the zoo.‎ ‎5．—What do you think of French?‎ ‎—In my opinion, French is as difficult a subject as English.‎ ‎6．We should try our best to cheer up those people after the disaster.‎ ‎7．This river is three times longer (long) than that one, flowing across 11 provinces.‎ ‎8．After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was destroyed.‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 now that， get the hang of， break out， watch out， cheer ...up ‎ ‎1．Now_that you wouldn't like to go there, you can stay where you are.‎ ‎2．It seems difficult at first, but you'll soon get_the_hang_of it.‎ ‎3．You have to watch_out because there are many bees in the garden.‎ ‎4．The atmosphere in the classroom relaxed after the teacher's humorous talk cheered us up.‎ ‎5．To our great disappointment, a war broke_out between the two countries at last.‎ ‎[本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is said that the planet is the oldest in existence (exist)．‎ ‎2．The girls called out their names in turn.‎ ‎3．Her sudden arrival prevented him from going (go) out.‎ ‎4．It is undecided whether we will accept his offer about the plan.‎ ‎5．WeChat makes it possible for us to live more conveniently.‎ ‎6．It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.‎ ‎7．We did our best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.‎ ‎8．If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.‎ ‎9．He is so clever that he worked out the problem in such a short time.‎ ‎10．What he said is of great importance to all of us.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．If you have questions, you'd better solve_them_in_time.‎ 如果你有问题，你最好及时解决掉。‎ ‎2．They, in_their_turn,_gave some advice for the plan.‎ 他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。‎ ‎3．He wears sunglasses to protect_his_eyes_against/from the strong sunlight.‎ 他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受强烈的阳光的伤害。‎ ‎4．These scientists have_been_puzzling_about/over how to solve the environmental problem.‎ 这些科学家一直苦思如何解决环境问题。‎ ‎5．It_was_a_pity_that you didn't go to the talk.‎ 很遗憾你没去听报告。‎ ‎6．Cheer_up！Your troubles will soon be over.‎ 振作起来吧！你的烦心事总会过去的。‎ ‎7．Li Ming's mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Hua's, but it cost twice_as_much_as_his.‎ 李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。‎ ‎8．You've made as_many_mistakes_as_I_have.‎ 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.‎ Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programmes come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.‎ We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometres above the equator (赤道)．Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an hour — exactly the same speed that the earth rotates (转动)．A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.‎ Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10～12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to the Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?‎ A．Sending information for weather forecasts.‎ B．Taking photographs of the Earth.‎ C．Sending TV pictures.‎ D．Providing food for airplane pilots.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段首句不难看出，卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等，但是没说为飞行员提供食物，所以选择D项。‎ ‎2．Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotates?‎ A．In order to take photographs.‎ B．In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit.‎ C．In order to move away from its orbit.‎ D．In order to send television pictures.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可以看出，卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转，是为了保持在一定位置上。显然B项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?‎ A．A satellite.‎ B．A little rocket.‎ C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.‎ D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。this在此替代前文的“Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.”故选C项。‎ ‎4．Which is true of satellites?‎ A．A satellite usually works for about 10～12 years.‎ B．Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.‎ C．A broken satellite is never left in space.‎ D．Broken satellites often crash into each other.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段不难看出A项正确。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone's life.__1__ is very difficult to find a better definition (定义) of friendship. A true friend is the person __2__ can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. He or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.‎ Knowing how __3__ (value) friendship is, we should be very careful with our choice of a friend. We should choose those people with a good character __4__ our friends, but we must try to avoid __5__ (make) friends with a bad man.Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much as possible.‎ A true friend can always __6__ (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she won't tell them to __7__.Friends share their joys and sorrows. They help each other when they are __8__ trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad.__9__ most important thing is that a friend always understands you.In conclusion, __10__ you have made a good friend, don't forget him or her.‎ 语篇解读：作者在文中告诉我们如何选择朋友以及如何对待朋友。‎ ‎1．It　空格处为形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的不定式短语，故空格处填代词It。‎ ‎2．who/that　先行词person指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that引导定语从句。‎ ‎3．valuable　空格处在句中作表语，由此结合语境可知，应填形容词valuable。‎ ‎4．as　根据句意“我们应选择那些有优秀品质的人作为朋友”可知，空格处填介词as。‎ ‎5．making　avoid后应接动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎6．be trusted　主语是动作的承受者，故空格处应用被动语态。‎ ‎7．others　根据句意可知，应填others。‎ ‎8．in　in trouble为介词短语，意为“处于困境中”。故填介词in。‎ ‎9．The　空格后为形容词的最高级，故空格处填定冠词The。‎ ‎10．if/when　两个逗号之间为状语从句，结合句意“如果我们结交了一位好朋友(当我们结交了一位好朋友)”可知，应用if/when作状语从句的引导词。‎ 单元加餐练 加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练 Ⅰ.完形填空 Do you like talking or working together with your parents? It goes without saying that there are many __1__ in which young people can __2__ the older generation (代)．In both their work and their private lives, youngsters can get a lot from the __3__ of their elders.‎ As for work, the older generation can __4__ how young people can achieve the career they __5__.For example, they can __6__ what to do in order to develop the skills that will give young people the best chance of success. They may __7__ be able to give invaluable advice as to which __8__ young people should take or not take. It may even be the case that the older person will be able to ask their friends to help the younger one find a __9__.‎ Older people may also be able to use the __10__ of their own life experience to help young people with advice on __11__.It can happen that older people wish they had acted __12__ in their own relationships, so they may wish to encourage youngsters to avoid similar __13__.If young people are prepared to listen to this kind of __14__， it may well prove __15__ for them.‎ Of the two __16__ of life discussed above, I think young people can learn more from the older generation in the field of __17__.After all, no relationship is the same, __18__ what might be __19__ in one situation might not in another.Advice on careers is more likely to be __20__ in a variety of differing situations.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。年轻人可以从上一辈人身上学到很多东西。‎ ‎1．A. places　　　　　　　 B．ways C．styles D．habits 解析：选B　由下文年轻人可以在工作和人际关系上从上一辈人身上“学到(learn from)”很多东西可知，此处表示在很多“方面(ways)”。‎ ‎2．A. hear of B．look after C．learn from D．talk about 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎3．A. joy B．experience C．kindness D．courage 解析：选B　第三段中的“their own life experience”对本空有提示。‎ ‎4．A. decide B．predict C．change D．explain 解析：选D　本段主要介绍的是上一辈人对年轻人在工作上的帮助。因此此处表示：上一辈人可以给年轻人“说明(explain)”如何能够获得“梦想(dream of)”的工作。‎ ‎5．A. dream of B．believe in C．give away D．give up 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A. choose B．require C．plan D．suggest 解析：选D　上一辈人“建议(suggest)”年轻人应该做什么以获得必需的技能从而最大限度地获得成功。‎ ‎7．A. also B．never C．instead D．only 解析：选A　本句是对上一句的递进，下一句是对本句的递进，故此处用also符合语境。‎ ‎8．A. vacation B．exam C．job D．subject 解析：选C　本段主要讲的是上一辈人对年轻人在工作上的帮助，因此此处指接受“工作(job)”。‎ ‎9．A. role B．hobby C．position D．way 解析：选C　上一辈人甚至可以请自己的朋友帮助年轻人找到“岗位(position)”。‎ ‎10．A. difficulty B．introduction C．improvement D．advantage 解析：选D　上一辈人已经经历过生活中的很多事情，因此有生活经验这个“优势(advantage)”。‎ ‎11．A. travels B．relationships C．education D．housework 解析：选B　下文中的“in their own relationships”对本空有提示。‎ ‎12．A. unusually B．differently C．quickly D．patiently 解析：选B　根据上下文语境以及常识可知，上一辈人会反思自己的经历，对于有些事情，他们认为当时可以采取“不同的(differently)”做法(从而使事情更加完美)，而他们的经验教训可以避免年轻人犯类似的“错误(mistakes)”。‎ ‎13．A. questions B．accidents C．conversations D．mistakes 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎14．A. answer B．story C．advice D．promise 解析：选C　本文旨在说明上一辈人对年轻人的帮助，因此此处表示：如果年轻人听从这些“建议(advice)”，那么这些建议一定会对他们有所“帮助的(helpful)”。‎ ‎15．A. normal B．helpful C．enough D．impossible 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎16．A. fields B．rules C．events D．patterns 解析：选A　第二、三段分别提到了生活中的两个“方面(fields)”。‎ ‎17．A. study B．work C．sport D．art 解析：选B　由下文中的“After all, no relationship is the same”可知，对于上文提到的两个方面，作者认为上一辈人对年轻人在“工作(work)”方面的帮助更大。‎ ‎18．A. but B．if C．because D．so 解析：选D　作者在对比工作和人际关系两个方面之后认为，上一辈人对年轻人在人际关系上的帮助稍小，因为没有哪一种人际关系是一成不变的，“因此(so)”在一种情况下“对的(right)”并不一定适用于另一种情况。‎ ‎19．A. simple B．hard C．special D．right 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A. given B．noticed C．followed D．found 解析：选C　相比人际关系，上一辈人对年轻人事业的建议更容易“遵循(followed)”。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 Raising children has traditionally been a mother's role. People think that kids have to be with mothers mostly, but the modern sociology says when a father is not involved in life, it leads to problems. Children abandoned or ignored by their fathers do not succeed as well as children in families where both parents are involved.‎ At the River House in Maryland, a church community is running a program called the Men's Retreat with the purpose of helping men become better fathers. Here fathers can get parental advice. The program is also open to children who don't have fathers in their lives. For them, the program is an opportunity to interact (互动) with male role models.‎ Businessman Pavel says though the Men's Retreat may take up some of his time to earn money, it has been a good opportunity to spend quality time with his son. He has realized that for boys, Father is the first teacher. And the gathering is also a great chance to think about how to improve the relationship with his wife.‎ Program organizer Victor Visotski notes that the son is going along his father's path and learns from him. The father's role in a daughter's life is as important as that in his son's life. A father for a daughter is a hero and he is the first man she admires. It is important that the father creates a family atmosphere filled with love, because the daughter observes the behavior of her father closely. Mr.Visotski says a father must take his duties as a parent as seriously as his career. Setting aside quality time to spend with his child is a good start.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文。抚养孩子历来被认为是母亲的角色。但在生活中，父亲对孩子的影响也是非常重要的。马里兰州举行的“男人的静修”活动可以帮助男人更好地扮演父亲的角色。‎ ‎1．We can learn from the modern sociology that ________.‎ A．a father's role in children's life is important B．a father can teach children more than a mother C．raising children should be a father's responsibility D．children having no fathers are less likely to succeed 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段“...when a father is not involved in life, it leads to problems”可知，现代社会学指出，生活中缺少父亲这个角色会导致许多问题。由此可知，父亲在孩子成长过程中起着重要作用。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE about the Men's Retreat?‎ A．It is for kids who are abandoned.‎ B．It aims to help men relax after work.‎ C．Children are not allowed to attend it.‎ D．It shows men how to act as fathers well.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段“...with the purpose of helping men become better fathers”可知，“男人的静修”活动目的是帮助男人成为更好的父亲。‎ ‎3．What does Pavel think of the Men's Retreat?‎ A．It is a waste of time and money.‎ B．It can help him find a new job at school.‎ C．It is a good chance for family gathering.‎ D．It helps him become a good father and husband.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第三段可知，Pavel说尽管参加这个活动会占用一些赚钱的时间，但这是一个和儿子共度美好时光、思考如何改善夫妻关系的好机会。由此可知，他认为这个活动不但会使他成为一个好父亲，还会成为一个好丈夫。‎ ‎4．According to Victor Visotski, ________.‎ A．a father has little influence on his daughter B．a daughter usually looks down upon her father C．fathers must learn to balance parenting and work D．fathers should play the main role in raising children 解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段可知，Victor Visotski指出男人要像认真工作一样认真承担起做父亲的责任。‎ ‎ ‎ 加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练 Ⅰ.语法填空 The question was once asked of a __1__ (success) businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime？” He replied, “I have dreamed. I have turned my mind loose __2__ (imagine) what I wanted to do. Then I went to bed and __3__ (think) about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real.”‎ While other people were saying，“You can't do that, and it is __4__ (possible)．” I was well on my way to __5__ (achieve) what I wanted. As Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of __6__ U．S., said: “We grow great by dreams.”‎ All big men are dreamers. Some of us let these dreams die, __7__ others protect them and take care __8__ them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine which comes always to those who __9__ (sincere) hope that their dreams will come true. So please, don't let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too unrealistic. “Sing your __10__ (song), and dream your dreams, hope your hope and pray your prayer.”‎ 语篇解读：本文讨论了梦想的重要性。正如美国第28任总统伍德罗•威尔逊所说：“我们因为梦想变得伟大。”在通往成功的道路上，我们要呵护自己的梦想，历经风雨直到沐浴阳光。‎ ‎1．successful　设空处修饰名词businessman，应用形容词，故填successful。‎ ‎2．to imagine　此处用不定式表示目的，故填to imagine。‎ ‎3．thought　and连接并列成分，根据前面的谓语动词went可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填thought。‎ ‎4．impossible　句意：……你不能那么做，那是不可能的。根据句意可知，设空处意为“不可能的”，故填impossible。‎ ‎5．achieving　on the way to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“在去做某事的路上”，故填achieving。‎ ‎6．the　U．S.前需加定冠词the，表示“美国”。‎ ‎7．but/while　句意：我们中的一些人放弃了梦想，但是/而其他人历经风雨地保护梦想、呵护梦想，直到把它们带到阳光下，而阳光总是青睐于那些真诚希望他们的梦想实现的人。根据句意可知，前后两分句之间为转折关系或表示对比，故填but/while。‎ ‎8．of　take care of意为“照顾；照看”，为固定搭配，故填of。‎ ‎9．sincerely　设空处修饰动词，应用副词，故填sincerely。‎ ‎10．songs　song为可数名词，且根据后面的dreams可知，应用复数，故填songs。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Charles is my more unforgettable teacher. I am an average student in high school and wasn't interesting in studying. However, I was quite enthusiastic about performing plays. After Charles knew my interest, he encouraged us. He said that I had a gift for perform and suggested that I made good use of my talent. People usual do well in the things they like, and it is really true. Now I'm a professional actor. I succeeded because of Charles encouraged me a lot. I kept touch with him through letters and phone call until he died in 2003.‎ 答案：第一句：more→most 第二句：am→was; interesting→interested 第四句：us→me 第五句：perform→performance; made→make 第六句：usual→usually 第八句：去掉of 第九句：touch前加in; call→calls Ⅲ.书面表达 最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文介绍讨论的情况。‎ ‎30%的同学认为 不值得探索 ‎ 离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远 ‎ 浪费金钱，这些金钱本可用来解决地球上的饥饿、污染等问题 ‎70%的同学认为 值得探索 ‎ 卫星已用来进行通讯、天气预报，使我们的生活更方便了 ‎ 有望解决地球能源短缺等问题 参考范文：‎ Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring.‎ On the one hand, 30% of us think that space exploration is not worthwhile.They think space is too far away from us and our daily life.And space exploration will waste a lot of money, which can be used to solve the problems, such as starvation and pollution.‎ On the other hand, 70% think space is worthy to be explored. As we all know, satellites have been used for communication as well as weather forecast, which makes our life more convenient. Besides, if resources are found on other planets, the problem of energy shortages on our earth can be solved.‎