吉林省长春外国语学校2019-2020学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

吉林省长春外国语学校2019-2020学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

长春外国语学校 2019-2020 学年第一学期月考考试高二年级 英语试卷 第Ⅰ卷 I. 听力（共两节，满分 20 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why was the man late? A. He lost his way. B. He missed the bus. C. He was caught in a snow. 2. When will the dinner start? A. At 7:00 B. At 6:30 C. At 5:30. 3. What will the man do for the woman? A. Pick up her aunt. B. Lend his car to her. C. Give her a ride. 4. What is the woman’s job? A. A shopkeeper. B. A waitress. C. A saleswoman. 5. What's the man's attitude towards the woman’s suggestion? A. Supportive. B. Thankful. C. Opposed. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。 6. Why does the woman recommend Cafe Italy? A. It is a very formal western restaurant. B. It only takes 10 minutes to go there by bus. C. Customers can enjoy live music in the evening. 7. When do the banks close on Friday A. At 5:30pm. B. At 4:30pm. C. At 4:00pm. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8. What will the speakers do on Sunday afternoon? A. Go hiking. B. Go climbing. C. Go camping. 9. Which route will the speakers take? A. Hill--waterfall--church. B. Church--hill--waterfall. C. Waterfall--hill--church. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What did the woman do last Friday? A. She watched a match on TV. B. She tried a new hairstyle. C. She went out with George. 11 What do we know about the man? A. He is a sports fan. B. He knows George well. C. He works in a barber's shop. 12. What upsets the woman most? A. George quarreled with the referee. B. George's team lost the football game. C. George went back home alone. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Why does the man look pale? A. He is sick. B. He had an accident. C. He was almost hit by a car. 14. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Be more careful next time. B. Report the driver to the police. C. Take away the drivers license. 15. What was the man doing when he was crossing the street? A. Reading a newspaper. B. Looking at the mobile phone. C. Thinking about something important. 16. What can we learn from the conversation? A. It was the woman’s fault. B. The man was in the wrong. C. The driver was very lucky. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. Why did the speaker go to Egypt? A. To see camels. B. To visit pyramids. C. To keep warm. 18. When did the speaker study at California State University? A. In 2010. B. In 2011. C. In 2015. 19. Where is the speaker now? A. In France. B. In the USA. C. In China. 20. What can students learn in the speaker’s classes? A. How they can learn English. B. How Americans live and work. C. How they can make money abroad. II.完型填空 （共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） My nephew’s 10-year-old son came for a visit one hot, July weekend. I persuaded him to ___1___ inside and joined him in a game. After ___2___ for an hour, I suggested that we relax for a while. I ___3___ my favorite chair to let my neck relax. He left the room and I was catching a few enjoyable ___4___ of peace. “Look, Alice,” he said excitedly as he ___5___ over to the chair where I was sitting. “I found a kite. Could we go outside and ___6___ it?” Looking out of a nearby window, I noticed it was ___7___ outside. “I’m sorry. Tripper,” I said, sad to see his ___8___ expression. “The wind is not ___9___ today. The kite won’t fly.” The ___10___10-year-old boy replied, “I think it’s windy enough. I can get it to fly,” he answered ___11___ he hurried out to the back door. He ran back and forth, as ___12___ as his ten-year-old legs would carry him, looking back ___13___ at the kite behind. After about ten minutes of unsuccessful trying, he came back in. I asked, “How did it ___14___?” “Fine,” he said, not wanting to admit (承 认) the failure. “I got it to fly some.”___15___, I heard him say secretly, “I guess I’ll have to wait for the ___16___.” At that moment I heard another voice speak to my ___17___. “Alice, sometimes you are just like that. You want to do it your way ___18___ waiting for the wind.” And the voice was ___19___. We usually want to use our own efforts to ___20___ what we want to do. We must learn how to make use of “the wind” in the first place! 1. A. live B. lie C. study D. stay 2. A. fighting B. resting C. playing D. selecting 3. A. fell into B. jumped off C. cleaned up D. went through 4. A. times B. hours C. moments D. periods 5. A. sent B. climbed C. left D. ran 6. A. decorate B. fly C. hang D. drop 7. A. hot B. fine C. noisy D. still 8. A. bright B. satisfied C. dull D. unhappy 9. A. staying B. blowing C. going D. stopping 10. A. determined B. talented C. clever D. generous 11. A. as B. unless C. after D. until 12. A. hard B. hardly C. actively D. gradually 13. A. angrily B. hopefully C. doubtfully D. nervously 14. A. make B. come C. go D. settle 15. A. Therefore B. Again C. Instead D. However 16. A. news B. order C. wind D. sunshine 17. A. dream B. memory C. heart D. world 18. A. because of B. instead of C. except for D. as for 19. A. strange B. boring C. serious D. right 20. A. imagine B. complete C. fancy D. decide 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由侄子的儿子在一个无风的天气里放风筝认识到通常我们都想 努力完成我们想要做的事，但我们必须首先学会如何利用风。 【1 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. live 生活；B. lie 躺；C. study 学习；D. stay 呆。根据本空前的“one hot, July weekend.”可知，天气很热，我劝他呆在屋里，故 D 项正确。 【2 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. fighting 斗争；B. resting 休息；C. playing 玩；D. selecting 挑 选。玩了一小时游戏之后，我建议我们放松一会，故 C 项正确。 【3 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。A. fell into 掉进、陷于（此处指坐在）；B. jumped off 跳下来；C. cleaned up 清理；D. went through 经历。根据本空后的“my favorite chair to let my neck relax.”及下文中的“sitting”可知，我坐在我最喜欢椅子上放松颈部，故 A 项正确。 【4 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. times 次数；B. hours 小时；C. moments 时刻；D. periods 时期。根 据本空前的“He left the room and I was catching a few enjoyable”可知，他离开了房 间，所以我能享受片刻的宁静，故 C 项正确。 【5 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. sent 送；B. climbed 爬；C. left 离开；D. ran 跑。根据本空后的“over to the chair where I was sitting.”可知，他跑到我的椅子旁，故 D 项正确。 【6 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. decorate 装饰；B. fly 放飞；C. hang 挂；D. drop 掉。他找到了一 个风筝，想要出去放风筝，故 B 项正确。 【7 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。A. hot 热的；B. fine 好的；C. noisy 喧闹的；D. still 静止的、无 风的。根据本空后的“I’m sorry. Tripper,”及下文中的“The kite won’t fly.”可知，我 注意到外面没有风，故 D 项正确。 【8 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。A. bright 明亮的；B. satisfied 满意的；C. dull 阴暗的；D. unhappy 不开心的。听到我说不能放风筝，他肯定是一脸不高兴，故 D 项正确。 【9 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. staying 停留；B. blowing 吹；C. going 去；D. stopping 停下。上 文说我注意到外面没有风，此处我说没有风吹，风筝放不起来，故 B 项正确。 【10 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。A. determined 有决心的；B. talented 有天赋的；C. clever 聪明的； D. generous 大方的根据本空后的“I think it’s windy enough. I can get it to fly”可知， 他说风够大，肯定能放起来，由此可见决心要放风筝，故 A 项正确。 【11 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。A. as 在……时；B. unless 除非；C. after 在……之后；D. until 直到。 根据本空后的“he hurried out to the back door”可知，他匆匆跑向后门时说风够大，肯 定能放起来，故 A 项正确。 【12 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。A. hard 努力地；B. hardly 几乎不；C. actively 活跃地；D. gradually 逐渐。在一个没有风的天气放风筝肯定是要来回使劲跑，故 A 项正确。 【13 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。A. angrily 生气地；B. hopefully 有希望地；C. doubtfully 怀疑地； D. nervously 紧张地。他满怀希望地看着身后的风筝，故 B 项正确。 【14 题详解】 考查固定搭配。他进屋后，我问他“结果怎么样？（风筝放起来了么？）”，How did it go？ 表示“结果如何？”，故 C 项正确。 【15 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。A. Therefore 因此；B. Again 再次；C. Instead 反而；D. However 然而。 根 据 本 空 后 的 “I heard him say secretly, “I guess I’ll have to wait for the ___16___.”可知，然而，我听到他说“我得等风来了”，前后是转折关系，故 D 项正确。 【16 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. news 新闻；B. order 命令； C. wind 风；D. sunshine 阳光。放 风筝是需要有风的，他说“我得等风来了”，故 C 项正确。 【17 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. dream 梦想；B. memory 记忆；C. heart 心 ；D. world 世界。根 据本空后的“Alice, sometimes you are just like that. You want to do it your way ___18___ waiting for the wind.”可知，那一刻我听到一个声音对我的心说“爱丽丝，有时候你就是 那样，你想按你自己的方式去做而不是等风吹”，故 C 项正确。 【18 题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。A. because of 由于；B. instead of 而不是；C. except for 除了；D. as for 至于。根据上文可知，我听到一个声音对我的内心说“爱丽丝，有时候你就是那样，你想 按你自己的方式去做而不是等风吹”，故 B 项正确。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。A. strange 奇怪的；B. boring 无聊的；C. serious 严肃的；D. right 对的。根据本空后的“We usually want to use our own efforts to ___20___ what we want to do. We must learn how to make use of “the wind” in the first place!”可知，那个声音 是对的，通常我们都想努力完成我们想要做的事，但我们必须首先学会如何利用风，故 D 项 正确。 【20 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. imagine 想象；B. complete 完成；C. fancy 喜爱；D. decide 决定。 根据上文可知，通常我们都想努力完成我们想要做的事，但我们必须首先学会如何利用风， 故 B 项正确。 III.阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分） 第一节：（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A You probably have heard of many famous people like Marie Curie, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need . In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O'Connor(1930-present) When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in," said Parks. 21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her lack of proper training in law. C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 22. What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions. 23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O'Connor D. Rosa Parks. 24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A. They are highly educated. B. They are pioneers. C. They are peace-lovers. D. They are truly creative. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 【解析】 这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章主要介绍了过去 100 年里，杰出的几位女性。 【21 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Jane Addams 部分 Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need .（Addams 帮助穷人，为和平而努力。她通过为有需要的人建 立庇护所、促进教育和服务来鼓励社区意识。）由此可以推断出，Jane Addams 在历史上，因 为她的社会福利工作而出名，故选 A。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Sandra Day O'Connor 部分 When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知 Sandra Day O'Connor 被律师事务所拒绝的原因是对妇女的歧视，故 选 C。 【23 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Rosa Parks 部分 It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.（它持续了一年多，并引发了民权运动。）可知 Rosa Parks 为美国民 权运动做出了巨大贡献，故选 D。 【24 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?（在以下列出的杰出女性中，你认为谁 是过去 100 年里最重要的女性）由此推断出，文章中提到的女性都是先驱者，故选 B。 B For years, people have wondered whether there's life on other planets. Scientists may now be closer than ever to answering that question. Using powerful telescopes a team of astronomers in South America discovered a new planet, called Proxima b. It circles a star named Proxima Centauri, in the same way Earth circles the sun. Proxima Centauri is the closest star to our solar system. Scientists believe the new planet has a rocky surface and is similar in size to Earth. More important, they've determined that the distance between Proxima b and its “sun” gives the planet a similar temperature to Earth's.This means it could have liquid water. The presence of water on a planet makes it possible for life to exist there. Scientists refer to planets like Proxima b as “Goldilocks planets” because they are not too hot or too cold, but just right to possibly support life. Astronomers have found other Goldilocks planets in the past, but none are as close to Earth as Proxima b. Still, the new planet is 4.2 light years from Earth—that is about 25 trillion miles away. Despite the long distance, astronomers hope to get a much better look at our new-found neighbor one day. But they'll need to wait until more advanced telescopes are developed. They may also send a robotic spacecraft to investigate the planet. 25. The writer introduces the new planet mainly by _____. A. making the comparisons B. listing figures C. following the space order D. giving examples 26. Planets like Proxima b are referred to as “ Goldilocks planets” because of _____. A. the presence of water B. their temperature C. the life on them D. their size 27. We can infer from the last paragraph that _____. A. the long distance will prevent astronomers from exploring the new planet B. existing telescopes are still far from advanced C. astronomers have a long way to go to explore the new planet D. astronomers have got the whole picture of the new planet 【答案】25. A 26. B 27. C 【解析】 【分析】 , 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了利用强大的望远镜，南美洲的一组天文学家发现了一颗名为 Proxima b 的新行星，它与地球非常相似。 【25 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 It circles a star named Proxima Centauri, in the same way Earth circles the sun. 和第三段 Scientists believe the new planet has a rocky surface and is similar in size to Earth. More important, they've determined that the distance between Proxima b and its “sun” gives the planet a similar temperature to Earth's.以及 倒数第二段 Astronomers have found other Goldilocks planets in the past, but none are as close to Earth as Proxima b. Still, the new planet is 4.2 light years from Earth—that is about 25 trillion miles away.可知作者一直把这颗新的星球和地球作比较， 故选 A。 【26 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段 Scientists refer to planets like Proxima b as “Goldilocks planets” because they are not too hot or too cold, but just right to possibly support life.（科学家们将 Proximab 这样的行星称为“适居行星”，因为它们既不太热也不太冷，但 刚好适合生命存在。）由此可知，像 Proxima b 这样的行星被称为“适居行星”是因为它们的 温度，故选 B。 【27 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 But they'll need to wait until more advanced telescopes are developed. They may also send a robotic spacecraft to investigate the planet.（但 他们需要等到更先进的望远镜被开发出来。他们也可能会发射一个机器人宇宙飞船去探测这 颗行星。）由此推断出，天文学家要探索这颗新行星还有很长的路要走，故选 C。 【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息 基础上，做出一定的判断和推理， 从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做 这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等， 找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判 断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题 3，根据最后一段 But they'll need to wait until more advanced telescopes are developed. They may also send a robotic spacecraft to investigate the planet.（但他们需要等到更先进的望远镜被开发出来。他们也可能会发射 一个机器人宇宙飞船去探测这颗行星。）由此推断出，天文学家要探索这颗新行星还有很长的 的 路要走，故选 C。 C Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line. In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself. The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began. The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.___28___was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: "I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one." The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years. 28. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1? A. He made good use of ideas from others. B. He produced the first car in the world. C. He knew how to improve auto parts. D. He invented the production line. 29. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race? A. To show off his driving skills. B. To draw public attention. C. To learn about new technology. D. To raise money for his new company. 30.“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to . A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people C. he selling of a car to a Detroit doctor D. the sales target for the Ford Company 31. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text? A. Producing cars for average customers. B. Building racing cars of simple design. C. Designing more car models. D. Starting more companies. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 【解析】 本文是记叙文。讲述了亨利福特充分利用别人的想法，生产出了自己的汽车，形成了自己的 生产流水线。通过赛车比赛，使公众关注到自己的汽车，然后建立了自己的汽车公司，为所 有的普通顾客生产汽车。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据短文第一段倒数第二句话 What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better.可知：福特所做的就是利用别人的想法，然后更好地利用。故 选 A。 【29 题详解】 推理判断题。根据短文第二段内容及 It was the best way of gaining public notice. 可 知，开始时，每个汽车制造者都开赛车，并且这是引人注意的最好方法。因此亨利福特也制 造自己的赛车，进行比赛，目的是引人注意。故选 B。 【30 题详解】 词意猜测题。由上一句话“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company”可知，that sale 指代的是医生买车这件事。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。由短文倒数第二段 It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.及最后一段 The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers.可知福特造的车价格低，能挣钱的人都能买得起他的车，医生，农民甚至 罪犯都买他的车。由此可知他的梦想就是为普通老百姓造车。故选 A。 D It is a question people have been asking for ages—is there a way to turn back the aging process? For centuries, people have been looking for a “fountain of youth.” The idea is that if you find a magical fountain, and drink from its waters, you will not become old. Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León searched for waters with magical powers in the early 1500s. But what he found instead is the American State of Florida. Researchers in New York did not find a fountain of youth in fact, but they may have found a way to turn back the aging process. It appears the answer may be hidden right between your eyes, in an area called the hypothalamus (丘脑下部).The hypothalamus is part of your brain. It controls important activities within the body, including growth, reproduction and the way we process food. Researchers at New York’s Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that hypothalamus stem cells also influence how fast aging takes place in the body. What are stem cells? They are simple cells that can develop into specialized cells, like blood or skin cells. Stem cells can also repair damaged parts in the body. Professor Dongsheng Cai was the lead researcher in a study on aging in mice. Cai explains in the Journal Nature what they found. “Aging speed can be controlled by a particular place in the body, which is the hypothalamus. And it can be controlled by a particular type of cells, which are hypothalamus stem cells. I think these findings are quite interesting.” He adds that when the hypothalamus starts aging, so does the body. “So when hypothalamus function is decreasing, particularly the loss of hypothalamus stem cells, this protection against the aging development is lost. It finally leads to aging.” Using this information, the researchers began trying to activate (激活) the hypothalamus in mice. They did this by putting stem cells from younger mice into middle-aged animals. Later, the researchers examined mice and tested for changes in behavior. They also looked for changes in the strength of the animals’ muscles and the way they worked. The researchers say the results show that the treatment slowed aging in the animals. Cai says when hypothalamus stem cells, which were derived from young mice was put into middle-aged mice, the mice aged slowly and they also have increased the length of their lives. But these results were just from studying mice in a lab. If the mice can live longer, does that mean people could have longer lives? The next step is to see if the anti-aging effects also work in human beings. 32. Juan Ponce de León’s story was mentioned in order to show ________. A. the efforts he made to discover Florida B. the fruitless work to find the magical fountain C. the non-stop search for the way to stay young D. the impossible existence of “fountain of youth” 33. The hypothalamus has control over activities EXCEPT________. A. growth B. reproduction C. aging process D. food production 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. Stem cells are specialized cells which can repair damaged parts. B. Aging is the result of function loss of hypothalamus stem cells. C. The strength of the animals’ muscles slows the process of aging. D. Aging speed is controlled by stem cells instead of hypothalamus. 35. The underlined words “were derived from” probably means “________”. A. came from B. changed from C. resulted from D. developed from 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 本文是科普文，文章介绍了科学家们正通过实验研究延缓衰老的因素和方法。 【32 题详解】 推理判断题。根据前句 The idea is that if you find a magical fountain, and drink from its waters, you will not become old.可知人们认为如果你找到了魔力泉水，并且喝了它的水， 你就不会变老。接着下文开始举例说明，故选 C。 【33 题详解】 细节理解题。根据本段 It controls important activities within the body, including growth, reproduction and the way we process food.一句可知丘脑下部可以控制身体内部 的活动，包括成长，再生和我们处理食物的过程。由此可知丘脑下部不可能控制食物的生产。 故选 D。 【34 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 hypothalamus stem cells influence how fast aging takes place in the body as well. He also reported that when the hypothalamus starts aging, so does the body.可知下丘脑干细胞会影响衰老在体内的速度。当下丘脑开始老化时，身体也开 始老化。故选 B. 【35 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段可知，当来自于年轻老鼠的丘脑干细胞被放入中年老鼠的体内 的时候，衰老过程会放慢速度。derive from 由…起源;取自。故选 A。 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why I Love Cycling One of the first things I did when I moved to a new city was hire a bike. Why?___36___ You travel much faster than on foot and you notice so much more of your surroundings than w hen in a bus or a car. It’s more appealing to wander down small streets if they seem interesting, as you can quickly get back to the main road. Besides, I soon discovered plenty more benefits to cycling. A bike means that fewer places, especially in a small city like the one where I live now, feel far away. For example, cycling to work takes me half the time that it would to walk. ___37___ Of course, there are obvious health benefits of cycling—a bit of extra movement as part of your daily routine can help you keep fit and healthy. Cycling on my way to work also makes me feel more energetic in the mornings. ___38___ While cars pollute the environment, bikes are carbon-neutral. Furthermore, thanks to being petrol-free, bikes are cheaper to run, buy and fix than cars. Even if you don ‘town a car, a bike can pay for itself when compared to the price of bus tickets. ___39___ Always wear a helmet, pay attention to other traffic and don’t forget your lights at night. Make sure you know the road rules, especially in a new place. Some cities are more cycle-friendly than others. ___40___ Luckily, where I live now is pretty easy to ride a bike around, thanks to having lots of cycle lanes and not too many hills! A. However, be careful when cycling. B. I have to learn to ride safely on the right of the road. C. Importantly, cycling also helps to reduce your carbon footprint. D. And sometimes city roads are difficult or unpleasant for cyclists. E. Riding a bike also means you’re not restricted by bus timetables. F. Seeing a city by bike is ideal for settling in and learning your way around. G. Cycling to work excellently fits for someone who wants to save their pocket money. 【答案】36. F 37. E 38. C 39. A 40. D 【解析】 本文介绍骑自行车的益处。 【36 题详解】 F 根据上文：当我搬到一个新城市时，我做的第一件事就是租一辆自行车。为什么?再根据空格 下句：你旅行的速度比步行快得多，你会注意到这比你在公共汽车或一辆汽车里会注意到更 多周围的环境。可知，骑自行车看城市是安顿下来以后了解你周围环境的理想方法。故答案 为 F。 【37 题详解】 E 根据上文：一辆自行车意味着更少的地方感觉很遥远，尤其是在我现在居住的一个小城市。 骑自行车上班要花我步行一半的时间。可知此空也应该是在说骑自行车的好处，E. Riding a bike also means you’re not restricted by bus timetables. （骑自行车也意味着你不受公交 时刻表的限制。）与之相匹配。Also 对做出正确判断起着很大的作用。 【38 题详解】 C 根据下文：尽管汽车污染环境，但是自行车是碳中性的。可知，重要的是，骑车也有助于减 少你的碳足迹。故选 C。 【39 题详解】 A 根据下文：一定要戴上头盔，注意其他的交通，不要忘记晚上的灯光。可知，骑自行车时要 小心。故选 A。 【40 题详解】 D 根据上句：有些城市比其他城市更适合自行车。再根据空格下句：幸运的是，我现在住的地 方很容易骑自行车，因为有很多自行车道，没有太多的山！可知，有时城市道路对骑自行车 的人来说是困难的或者不愉快的。下文的 Luckily,起着两下文连接的作用。 【名师点睛】 做七选五时，“当心文中小 also”，also 是“也”的意思，这就说明前文一定存在它的一个 分支了，这样的例子比比皆是：前文交代“It helps you practice what you have learnt during the day and establish study habits that will be important in college ”虽然看上去 很长的一句话，从句就有两个，但是重点就三个单词“It helps you”，此时在空中填上“It can also help you prepare for your classes and get a sense of progress.”，（关键词 It can also help you）这样一对应就很工整了。当然“also”只是一个代表罢了，可以表示 递进的词还有很多：what’ more, besides, in addition 等等。本题第 2 小题，根据上文： 一辆自行车意味着更少的地方感觉很遥远，尤其是在我现在居住的一个小城市。骑自行车上 班要花我步行一半的时间。可知此空也应该是在说骑自行车的好处，E. Riding a bike also means you’re not restricted by bus timetables. （骑自行车也意味着你不受公交时刻表的 限制。）与之相匹配。Also 对做出正确判断起着很大的作用。 第 II 卷 IV 单词拼写及语法填空 41. My head was __________ (spin) from the wine. 42. We became __________ (trap) by the rising floodwater. 43. I finally __________ (spot) my friend in the crowd. 44. The books in the library are _________ (classify) according to subjects. 45. He tried for many times and found out a __________(solve) to the problem. 46. He felt the apartment’s _________ (drawback) were its small size and lack of sunlight. 47. The new _________ ( discover) is bound to be of great service to mankind. 48. He showed _________ ( remark) courage when he faced the danger. 49. Are you married, single, or _________ (divorce)? 50. _________ (number) attempts have been made to hide the truth 51. The people all over the world long _________ peace . 52. At her funeral her oldest friend paid tribute _________ her life and work. 53. We were sheltering _________ the rain under the trees . . 54. The reason _________ he didn’t come was that he was ill. 55. Many young people, most of _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】41. spinning 42. trapped 43. spotted 44. classified 45. solution 46. drawbacks 47. discovery 48. remarkable 49. divorced 50. Numerous 51. for 52. to 53. from 54. why 55. whom 【解析】 【41 题详解】 考查时态。句意：我喝得头晕目眩。表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行 的动作或状态，用过去进行时，所以填 spinning。 【42 题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：我们被不断上涨的洪水困住了。“我们”和“困住”之间是被动关系， 用过去分词作表语，所以填 trapped。 【43 题详解】 考查时态。句意：我终于在人群中认出了我的朋友。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时， 所以填 spotted。 【44 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：图书馆里的书是按科目分类的。“图书馆的书”和“分类”之间是被 动关系，用被动语态，所以填 classified。 【45 题详解】 考查名词。句意：他试了很多次，终于找到了解决问题的办法。该空作句子宾语，用名词， 所以填 solution。 【46 题详解】 考查名词单复数。句意：他觉得公寓的缺点是面积小，缺少阳光。根据 were，可判断出谓语 动词用名词复数，所以填 drawbacks。 【47 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这项新发现一定会对人类有很大的帮助。该空作句子主语，用名词，所以 填 discovery。 【48 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他面对危险时表现出非凡的勇气。该空修饰名词 courage，用形容词，所 以填 remarkable。 【49 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你是已婚、单身还是离婚？作 be 动词后的表语，用形容词，所以填 divorced。 【50 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人们做了许多努力来掩盖真相。该空修饰名词 attempts，用形容词，句 子第一个单词的首字母大写，所以填 Numerous。 【51 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：全世界人民都渴望和平。long for 渴望, 该短语是固定短语，所以填 for。 【52 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：在她 葬礼上，她的老朋友向她的生活和工作致敬。pay tribute to 表 示敬意, 该短语是固定短语，所以填 to。 【53 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：我们在树下避雨。shelter from 躲避，该短语是固定短语，所以填 from。 【54 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他没来的原因是他病了。_________ he didn’t come 是一个定语从句， 修饰先行词 The reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以填 why。 【55 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好的教育，前往偏远地区追逐自己的 的 梦想。most of _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Many young people，介词+关系代词引导的定 语从句，指人，只能用 whom，所以填 whom。 V. 单句改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分） 每句中有一处错误。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在句子后面横线上写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词语用斜线（）划掉，并在句子后面横线上写出该词并用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在句子后面横线上写出正确的词。 56. Why are things weightless in the space? 57. Day after day, year after year, Earth revolve around the sun. 58. Without the sun's light and heat, life on Earth will not exist. 59. The spacecraft is hurtling around the Earth too fast that it counteracts the effect of gravity. 60. But it is his genius for solve life's everyday problems that makes him endearing. 61. Firefighters were in the scene immediately. 62. He is getting a phone installing tomorrow. 63. This book takes many untraditional approach to art criticism. 64. I’ll never forget the days we worked together in the USA. 65. He talked about things and persons who they remembered in the school. 【答案】56. 去掉 the 57. revolve→revolves 58. will→would 59. too→so 60. solve→solving 61. in→on 62. installing→installed 63. approach→approaches 64. 添加 when 65. who→that 【解析】 【56 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：为什么物体在太空中没有重量?inspace 在太空中，该短语是固定短语， 所以去掉 the。 【57 题详解】 考查时态。句意：日复一日，年复一年，地球绕着太阳转。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现 在时，主语 Earth 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以 revolve 改成 revolves。 【58 题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：没有太阳的光和热，地球上就不会有生命。表示与现在事实相反的情 况，谓语动词用 would +do，所以 will 改成 would。 【59 题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：宇宙飞船正以如此快的速度绕地球飞行，以至于抵消了重力的影响。 so…that 太……以至于，该句型是固定句型，所以 too 改成 so。 【60 题详解】 考查介词。句意：但正是他解决日常生活问题的天赋让他惹人喜爱。介词 for 之后，接 v+ing 形式，所以 solve 改成 solving。 【61 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：消防队员立即赶到现场。onthescene 现场，该短语是固定短语，所以 in 改成 on。 【62 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他明天要安装电话。“电话”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用 get sth. done 结构，所以 installing 改成 installed。 【63 题详解】 考查名词单复数。句意：这本书采用了许多非传统的艺术批评方法。被 many 修饰，后面用可 数名词复数形式，所以 approach 改成 approaches。 【64 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在美国一起工作的日子。这里含有一个定语从句， 修饰先行词是 the days，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词 when 引导，所以 we 之前 加 when。 【65 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他谈到了他们在学校记得的人和事。这里含有一个定语从句，修饰先 行词是 things and persons。先行词既有人，又有物，只能用 that 引导，所以 who 改成 that。 VI. 书面表达（共计 15 分） 66.假如你是李华，近日你收到就读于伦敦孔子学院的好友 Eric 来信，说学校组织了唐诗朗 诵比赛，由于缺乏自信，他打算放弃。请根据以下要点，给他回信，内容包括： 1. 劝他不要放弃比赛并积极备战； 2. 鼓励他自信，正确看待失败。 注意：词数 100 左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：诗歌：poetry 朗诵 recitation Dear Eric, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Eric: I’m awfully sorry to hear that you are going to quit the Tang Poetry Recitation Contest to be held in your school. I hope that you can be well prepared and enter the contest on time. In my opinion, self - confidence is the first step towards success. Only when you become self - confident can you spare no effort to work hard to achieve your goals. In addition, even if you fail, you mustn’t lose heart. After all, failure can happen to anyone. More importantly, you’d better conclude the reason for your failure and thus make improvements. Therefore, from now on, you must give up the negative ideas and make full preparations for the contest. I’m convinced that you’ll succeed and learn a lot. Looking forward to your good news. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封回信：假如你是李华，近日你收到就读于 伦敦孔子学院的好友 Eric 来信，说学校组织了唐诗朗诵比赛，由于缺乏自信，他打算放弃。 请根据以下要点，给他回信，内容包括：1. 劝他不要放弃比赛并积极备战；2. 鼓励他自信， 正确看待失败。时态应为一般现在时。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； poetry（诗歌），recitation（朗诵），prepared （准备好的），self - confidence（自信），failure（失败），negative（消极的），improvement （改进）及 effort（努力）等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持卷面的整洁美观。 本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示 了很高的驾驭英语的能力。 【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式， 高级词汇有 in one’s opinion（依某人的观点），spare no effort to（不遗余力地做某事）， lose heart （灰心），after all (毕竟)，give up（放弃）以及 make full preparations for （为……做充分准备），而且还使用了宾语从句“I’m awfully sorry to hear that you are going to quit the Tang Poetry Recitation Contest to be held in your school.”，“I hope that you can be well prepared and enter the contest on time.”及“I’m convinced that you’ll succeed and learn a lot.”，状语从句“In addition, even if you fail, you mustn’t lose heart.”，倒装句“Only when you become self - confident can you spare no effort to work hard to achieve your goals.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。