高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题三完形填空第三节题组训练8说明文

高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题三完形填空第三节题组训练8说明文

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。说明文1(2017·黑龙江哈尔滨六中三模)NewgeneticanalysishasrevealedthatmanyAmazontreespeciesarelikelytosurvivehuman-madeclimatewarminginthecomingcentury，contrarytopreviousfindingsthattemperatureincreaseswouldcausethemtodieout.Astudy，1inthelatesteditionofEcologyandEvolution，revealsthe2ageofsomeAmazoniantreespecies—morethan8millionyears—and3showsthattheyhavesurvivedpreviousperiodsaswarmasmanyoftheglobalwarmingimaginedperiods4fortheyear2100.Theauthorswritethat，havingsurvivedwarmperiodsinthepast，thetreeswill5survivefuturewarming，providedtherearenoothermajorenvironmentalchanges.6extremedroughtsandforestfireswillimpactAmazoniaastemperatures7，thetreeswillstandthedirectimpactofhighertemperatures.Theauthors8thataswellasreducinggreenhousegasemissionstominimizetheriskofdroughtandfire，conservationpolicyshouldremain9onpreventingdeforestation(采伐森林)foragricultureandmining.Thestudydisagreeswithotherrecentresearcheswhichpredictedtreespecies’extinctions10relativelysmallincreasesinglobalaverageairtemperatures.Studyco-authorDrSimonLewis(UCLGeography)saidthe11weregoodnewsforAmazontreespecies，butwarnedthatdroughtandover-exploitationoftheforestremainedmajor12totheAmazon’sfuture.DrLewissaid,“Thepastcannotbecompareddirectlywiththefuture.Whiletreespeciesseemlikelyto13higherairtemperaturesthantoday，theAmazonforest9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。isbeingtransformedforagricultureand14，andwhatremainsisbeingdegraded(使恶化)bylogging(伐木)，andincreasinglysplitupbyfieldsandroads.“Specieswillnotmoveasfreelyintoday’sAmazonastheydidinpreviouswarmperiods，whentherewasnohuman15.Similarly，today’sclimatechangeisextremelyfast，makingcomparisonswithslowerchangesinthepast16.”“Withaclearer17oftherelativeriskstotheAmazonforest，we18thatdirecthumanimpacts—suchasforestclearancesforagricultureormining—shouldremainakeypointofconservationpolicy.Wealsoneedmoreaggressive19toreducegreenhousegasemissionsinordertomakeminimumtheriskofdroughtandfireimpactsand20thefutureofmostAmazontreespecies.”语篇解读　本文主要讲了一项最新的研究，研究表明气候变暖不会使亚马逊古代树种灭绝。1．A.advertisedB．describedC．publishedD．presented答案　C解析　advertise做广告；describe描述；publish公布；present呈现。此处表示：《生物与进化》的最新版公布的一项研究。故选C。2．A.frighteningB．surprisingC．excitingD．interesting答案　B解析　frightening令人害怕的；surprising令人惊讶的；exciting令人兴奋的；interesting有趣的。句意为：这项研究揭示了亚马逊树种惊人的年龄。故选B。3．A.stillB．neverthelessC．howeverD．therefore答案　D解析　句意为：这些古代树种有着超800多万年的树龄，因此表明了它可以幸存于和先前所有时期一样温暖的全球气候变暖的时期，预测为2100年。therefore因此。故选D。4．A.assessB．confirmC．forecastD．promise答案　C解析　assess评定；confirm确认；forecast预测；promise允许。由上题解析可知选C。5．A.particularlyB．probablyC．merelyD．possibly答案　B9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。解析　句意为：作者写道，亚马逊的树种曾在高温气候中生存下来，所以将来也有可能在气温升高的气候中存活。故选B。6．A.SinceB．AlthoughC．WhenD．If答案　B解析　句意为：虽然随着温度的升高，严重的干旱及森林火灾将会影响亚马逊流域，但这些树木将会忍受更高温度的直接影响。故选B。7．A.riseB．changeC．dropD．end答案　A解析　rise升高；change变化；drop掉落；end结束。由本句末的“highertemperatures”可知应是温度升高。故选A。8．A.considerB．decideC．guaranteeD．recommend答案　D解析　consider考虑；decide决定；guarantee保证；recommend推荐，建议。后面是作者的建议，故选D。9．A.basedB．builtC．focusedD．made答案　C解析　base以……基础；build建筑；focus集中；make制作。句意为：保护措施应当仍然集中于防止为了农业和矿业的发展而采伐森林。故选C。10．A.inrelationtoB．inresponsetoC．inreplytoD．inreferenceto答案　B解析　inrelationto关于，涉及；inresponseto响应，回答，对……做出反应；inreplyto答复……；inreferenceto关于。句意为：这项研究与最近其他研究不同的是他们预测树种的灭绝是对相对小幅度的全球平均气温升高的反应。故选B。11．A.findingsB．thoughtsC．inventionsD．writings答案　A解析　finding发现；thought想法；invention发明；writing作品。句意为：教授说这些发现对于亚马逊树种来说是一个好消息，但他警告称干旱和过度采伐森林对于亚马逊的未来来说仍然是主要的威胁。故选A。12．A.threatsB．disadvantagesC．embarrassmentsD．instructions答案　A解析　threat威胁；disadvantage不利条件；embarrassment窘境；instruction说明，指示。由上题解析可知选A。9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。13．A.acceptB．tolerateC．permitD．require答案　B解析　accept接受；tolerate容忍，忍耐；permit允许；require要求。句意为：虽然树种好像能忍耐比现在更高的温度，但亚马逊森林正在向农业和矿业转变。故选B。14．A.farmingB．plantingC．cateringD．mining答案　D解析　farming畜牧业；planting种植业；catering服务业；mining矿业。由第二段最后一句中的“deforestation(采伐森林)foragricultureandmining”可知选D。15．A.powerB．influenceC．desireD．violence答案　B解析　power力量；influence影响；desire欲望；violence暴力。句意为：当这里没有人类影响的时候。故选B。16．A.difficultB．clearC．easyD．important答案　A解析　句意为：现在气候变化极快，使之与过去缓慢的变化比较起来很难。故选A。17．A.beliefB．directionC．understandingD．suggestion答案　C解析　句意为：更清楚地理解了亚马逊森林所面对的危险，我们推断出人类直接的影响，比如为了农、矿业而采伐森林，仍是保护政策的重点。18．A.doubtB．concludeC．calculateD．prefer答案　B解析　conclude推断，做结论。由上题解析可知选B。19．A.thoughtB．guidanceC．protectionD．action答案　D解析　句意为：为了把干旱和火灾的风险降到最低并保护亚马逊树种的未来，我们也需要更多积极的行动来减少温室气体的排放。action行动。20．A.secureB．advanceC．sacrificeD．evaluate答案　A解析　secure保护，使安全。由上题解析可知选A。2(2017·安徽黄山质检)9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Menandwomenmayhavedifferentexperiencesinshoppingforclothes.Amangoesshoppingbecauseheneedssomething.Hispurposeissettledanddecidedin21.Heknowswhathewants，andhis22istofinditandbuyit.Allmen23walkintoashopandasktheshopassistantforwhattheywant.Iftheshophasitinstock(库存)，thedealcanbedoneand24iscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes，withhardlyanychattoeveryone’s25.Foraman，slightproblemsmaybeginwhentheshopdoesnothavewhathewants.Inthat26，thesalesmantriestosellthecustomersomethingelse—he27thenearesttothearticlerequired.Agoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitute(替代品)28；hemaysay，“Iknowthisjacketisnotthestyleyouwant，sir，butwouldyouliketotryitforsize？It29tobethecoloryoumentioned.”Fewmenhave30withthistreatment，andtheusualansweris：“Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize，butIshouldn’tbe31mytimeandyoursbytryingiton.”Forawoman，buyingclothesisalwaysdoneinthe32way.Hershoppingisnotoften33onneed.Shehasneverfullydecidedwhatshewants，andsheisonly“havingalookaround”．Sheisalways34topersuasion，willingtotryonanynumberofthings.Deepinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthat35thinkssuitsher.Mostwomenhaveanexcellentsenseofvalueandarealwaysonthelookoutfortheunexpected36.Facedwitharoomfulofdresses，awomanmayeasilyspendanhourgoingfromonerailtoanother37selectingthedressshewantsto38.Itisatiresomeprocess，butclearlya(n)39one.Mostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaiting40.语篇解读　本文为说明文。文章介绍了男女在购物方面的不同表现。21．A.detailB．hurryC．advanceD．mind答案　C解析　根据下句“Heknowswhathewants...”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(inadvance)就决定好了。22．A.adviceB．goalC．demandD．question答案　B解析　既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。23．A.quicklyB．immediatelyC．soonD．simply9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。答案　D解析　所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。24．A.oftenB．constantlyC．normallyD．finally答案　A解析　如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(toeveryone’ssatisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。25．A.confidenceB．amusementC．satisfactionD．surprise答案　C解析　解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。26．A.timeB．eventC．situationD．case答案　D解析　如果那样的话(inthatcase)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西——售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。27．A.givesB．offersC．presentsD．delivers答案　B解析　解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。28．A.skillfullyB．attentivelyC．activelyD．carefully答案　A解析　好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；actively积极地；carefully仔细地。29．A.occursB．happensC．comesD．takes答案　B解析　先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。30．A.patienceB．interestC．expectationD．experience答案　A9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。解析　根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。31．A.losingB．spendingC．givingD．wasting答案　D解析　这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。32．A.sameB．cleverC．oppositeD．similar答案　C解析　对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。33．A.reliedB．basedC．doneD．related答案　B解析　女士购物经常不是基于需要。bebasedon基于……；bereliedon被依赖。没有bedoneon和berelatedon结构。34．A.openB．readyC．closeD．happy答案　A解析　根据后半句中的“...willingtotryonanynumberofthings.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(beopento)劝导。没有bereadytosth.和behappytosth.句式，故排除B、D两项；beclosetosth.接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。35．A.nobodyB．somebodyC．everybodyD．anybody答案　C解析　在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everyone)都认为适合她的东西。anybody常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。36．A.dealB．surpriseC．luckD．bargain答案　D解析　根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。37．A.afterB．as9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．beforeD．by答案　C解析　面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(tryon)的衣服。38．A.tryonB．tryoutC．tryupD．tryfor答案　A解析　参考上题解析。39．A.tiringB．enjoyableC．boringD．graceful答案　B解析　这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。40．A.customersB．assistantsC．wivesD．husbands答案　D解析　男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。Ⅰ.单词梳理1．Weagreedwithhisacuteanalysis(analyse)ofthepoliticalsituation.2．Onhisreturnhereportedhisfindings(find)tothecommittee.3．Thisbookhasjustenteredtheseventhedition(edit)．4．Chinaisadevelopingagricultural(agriculture)country.5．Herbookshavegainedpopularityrecently(recent)．6．Mybrotherwassimilarly(similar)threatened.7．Weneedadecision(decide)aboutwhattodonext.8．Therearesignsthatthisnumberisincreasingslightly(slight)．9．Thebesttreatment(treat)foracoldistorestanddrinklotsoffluids.10．Hisfatheragreedtotheplanaftertheirpersuasion(persuade)atlast.Ⅱ.短语提炼A．英汉互译1．dieout　　　　　　　　　　灭绝；消失2．disagreewith不同意；不一致；不适合3．inresponseto响应；对……作出反应9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。4．splitup分组；(使)解散；分离5．有存货；有库存　　　　　　　instock6．使某人满意tosb.’ssatisfaction7．试穿tryon8．面临；面对befacedwithB．运用上述短语完成下列句子1．Weweresplitupintogroupstodiscussthequestion.2．Manyrareanimalsareontheedgeofdyingout.3．Thesetworeportsoftheaccidentdisagreewitheachother.4．Thatparticularmodelisnotcurrentlyinstock.5．Iwasfacedwiththeawfuljobofbreakingthenewstothegirl’sfamily.6．Marytriedonthedressandfounditwastootight.7．Tohersatisfaction，shelearnedthathersonhadmadegreatprogress.8.Inresponsetotheirhospitality，wewroteathank-younote.Ⅲ.翻译与仿写1．Thepastcannotbecompareddirectlywiththefuture.句式分析　该句为含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构为：情态动词＋bedone。翻译　过去不能直接与未来相比。仿写　应该在山上种许多树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedinthemountains.2．Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion，willingtotryonanynumberofthings.句式分析　句中willingtotryonanynumberofthings为形容词短语作状语。翻译　她总是乐于接受劝导，乐意试穿任何数量的东西。仿写　克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看，满怀恐惧。Crusoestaredatthefootprints，fulloffear.9