2018届二轮复习构词法课件（36张）

2018届二轮复习构词法课件（36张）

2018届二轮复习构词法 熟读深思Johnandhisfatherneveragreeononething,sotheyoftendisapprove［1］ofeachother,fortherewassomemisunderstanding［2］betweenthem.Once,Johnandhisparentswenttohisaunt’shomefordinner.Whentheyleftafterdinner,Johnsaid“Bye-bye!”tohisauntinalowvoice.However,hisfatherdidn’thearitandhethoughtJohnmisbehaved［3］himselfforitwasimpolite［4］toleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.Johninsistedthathedidsayit,buthisfatherdidn’tlistentohim.Fromthenon,Johnwasunfriendly［5］tohisfather,whichmadehisfatherextremelyunhappy［6］. Undoubtedly［7］,itisunwise［8］ofJohntodoso.Afterall,theyarefatherandson.Hisfathersenthimtoaclassofmannerstoenrich［9］hisknowledgeofmanners,whichhisfatherbelievedwouldenable［10］himtobeagood-manneredboy.John’sfathersaidhewasangryathisson’sdishonesty［11］,whichwouldcertainlyendanger［12］hisfuture.Hisfather’snonstop［13］nonsensecausedJohnmuchdiscomfort［14］.Johnhadtogototheclass.Lateron,hedideverythingagainsthisfather’swill. 汉语译文：约翰和父亲总有分歧，他们经常想法不一致，因为他们之间有一些误会。一次，约翰和父母去姑姑家吃饭。晚饭后当他们离开时，约翰小声对姑姑说“再见!”然而，他的父亲没听到，他认为约翰不懂规矩,不告而别是非常不礼貌的。 约翰坚持说他确实说了，但他父亲不听。从此，约翰对父亲很不友善，这使他的父亲非常不高兴。毫无疑问，约翰这样做是不明智的。毕竟，他们是父子。他的父亲把他送去上礼仪班以丰富他的礼仪知识，父亲认为这样做会使他成为一个懂礼貌的男孩。约翰的父亲说对于儿子的不诚实他感到很生气，他的不诚实一定会危及他的未来。父亲不间断的唠叨让约翰很不舒服。约翰不得不去上课。此后，他总是和父亲对着干。 熟读深思1.dis表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀dis可以加在动词的前面,approve赞同→disapprove不赞同,反对。2.mis表示“错误或否定”意义的前缀mis可以加在动词的前面，understand理解→misunderstand误解，misunderstanding是其名词形式。3.mis表示“糟糕或否定”意义的前缀mis可以加在动词的前面,behave表现得体→misbehave行为不端。4.im前缀im通常加在以字母p开头的形容词前，表示“不、非”的意思，polite有礼貌的→impolite没礼貌的，而同是表示“不、非”的前缀il常加在以字母l开头的单词前；前缀ir则常加在以字母r开头的单词前。 5～8.un前缀un通常加在形容词前或加后缀才得来的形容词或副词的前面，表示“不、非”的意思，friendly友好的→unfriendly不友好的，happy开心→unhappy不开心。9～10.en前缀en通常加在形容词前面，表示“使……”的意思，rich丰富的→enrich使丰富，使充实；able能够→enable使能够。一般的前缀不会改变词性，但前缀en会改变所加的单词的词性。 11.dis表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀dis可以加在名词的前面，honesty诚实→dishonesty不诚实。12.en前缀en也可以加在名词前面，表示“使……”的意思，danger危险→endanger危及。13.non前缀non构成形容词、副词和名词，表示“无、没有”的意思。14.dis表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀dis可以加在名词的前面，comfort舒服→discomfort不舒服。 构词法与高考1.阅读理解中考纲词的派生词与合成词不算生词，不用汉语注明。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。2.语法填空中必考词类转换。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及以下三条：⑴在句中修饰动词、形容词、另一副词或全句等作状语，用副词。 ⑵在句中作定语、表语或补语，一般用形容词。⑶作主语、作及物动词或者介词的宾语，用名词。3.短文改错中也必考不同词性在句中的不同用法。 1.(2011年)Hemustbe_______(mental)disabled.解析：修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。近年广东高考真题：3.(2010年)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled________(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。 4.(2009年)ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_____(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。5.(2008年)Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.解析：在名词course前作定语，要用形容词，故填natural。 1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime._____________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.2.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.unableunfortunately灵活运用 3.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally___________(expect)way.4.Iwon’tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis____________(reason).unreasonableunexpected 5.Job_________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.6.Allfactsarethesourceof_________(conclude).conclusionsapplicants 7.However,most_________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith_______(educate).8.Excellentoralandwritten__________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof___________(important).importancescientistseducationcommunication 9.Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily_____(require).10.Itisyour________(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.freedomrequirement 11.Asisknowntousall,theEntranceExamisagreat____________,andthestudentsare____________.(compete)12.Iam__________(thank)toyouforyourhelp.13.Hegavemesome__________(construct)suggestions.thankfulcompetitioncompetitorsconstructive 14.Ajury’sdecisioninacourtcasemustbeabsolutely________(object).15.Hedevotedmuchmoneytobuildingschoolsin____________(mountain)areas.16.Unfortunately,mycarbrokedownona_______(mud)road.muddyobjectivemountainous 17.Everyoneshouldplayhispartinbuildinga____________(harmony)society.18.The___________(mystery)lettersentfromTaiwanmadetheprofessorlostinthought.19.Tomakemyself_________,Iwoulddosome_________exerciseafterwork.(relax)relaxingharmoniousmysteriousrelaxed 20.Allthechildrenfelt__________whentheyheardthe___________news.(discourage)21.We_________(apology)forthelatedepartureofthisflight.apologizeddiscourageddiscouraging 22.Thearticlecan_________(long)outalittlebyaddingsomeexamples.23.Hisillness_________(worse)duringthenight.24.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit___________(intention).intentionallylengthenworsened 25.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom__________(brave).26.Ourproductsaresold__________,(world).27.Hewentoutoftheoffice_________(hurry)torunafterher.hurriedlybravelyworldwide 28.Ilostmybalanceandfell_____(back).29.Theyliveinthe________(west)partofthevillage.30.It’sveryimportanttoeat________(health).healthilybackwardwestern 二、语篇填空阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis1.__________(month)billswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced,“Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyou’re55yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear!”Butthefatherexclaimed,“Oh,Andrew,don’tdoitnow;I’mtoobusy!”monthly Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell2.________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.3._____________(apologetical)thefathersaid,“Youcanfinishlater.”Theboysaidnothingbut4.________(quiet)walkedaway,5._________________(disappoint)writtenoverhisface.Thateveningthefathersaid,“Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Andrew!”Buttheboydidn’trespond.silentApologeticallyquietlydisappointment 6.______________(fortunate),theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote…“IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy7._____________(thought)words,andcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching.”Unfortunatelythoughtless …Loveisatwo-waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe8._________(warm)acceptedoritwillbetakenas9._________(reject)andcanleaveascar.Nothingismore10.___________(importance)thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous.Because…theremaybenochanceatallasinthecaseofthelittleboy…warmlyrejectionimportant 一个小孩在父亲55岁生日时想给父亲55个吻，但这位父亲因太忙叫儿子等以后有空再吻，几天后这个小男孩不幸溺水身亡,父亲伤心欲绝。故事告诫我们，对于那些在我们身边，对我们弥足珍贵的人，用爱去回应他们爱的渴望，这最重要不过了。1.monthly在名词前作定语用形容词，表示“每月的”填monthly。2.silent在系动词felt后作表语用形容词。 3.Apologetically修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。4.quietly修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。5.disappointment后面有过去分词短语作定语，应是名词。6.Unfortunately修饰全句作状语用副词，溺水身亡是“不幸地”。 7.thoughtless在名词前作定语用形容词，根据文意，加表示否定意义的后缀less。8.warmly修饰谓语作状语用副词。9.rejection在介词后作宾语用名词。10.important在系动词is后作表语用形容词. 三、单句改错1.Adifficultpersonwillbeeasiertocooperateifunderstandisachieved.understand→understanding作主语,用名词。2.Theactuallyreasonsforthisphenomenonarethesubjectofaveryheateddiscussion.actually→actual作定语,用形容词。 3.It’ssurprisedwhatpeoplewilldoformoney.surprised→surprising因-ing表示“令人……的(多为事)”而-ed则表示“(人)感到……的”。人们为了钱所做的事情“令人惊讶”。4.Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeepcalmly.calmly→calm作表语,用形容词。 5.Areyoubeingcompletelyhonestyaboutyourfeelings？honesty→honest作表语,用形容词。6.Iwasthrillingtobeinvited.thrilling→thrilled我因为被邀请而感到兴奋。 7.Hopeful,we’llarrivebeforedark.Hopeful→Hopefully作状语，修饰全句，用副词。8.Ifeltextremeupset,andIcouldn’tbelievemymotherrefusedtohelptheanimal.extreme→extremely作状语，修饰形容词upset，用副词。 9.Wasshetellingmethetrueortryingtocheatme?true→truth作宾语,用名词。10.Inthisincreasinglycompetitiveworld,wearesupposedtoenrichourselvesconstanttokeepinpacewiththemodernsociety.constant→constantly作状语，修饰动词enrich，用副词。