广东省广州市2020届高三3月阶段测试英语试题 Word版含解析

广东省广州市2020届高三3月阶段测试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com广州市2020届高三年级阶段训练题英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型（B）。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。3.回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMamaandIspendmorningscleaningupthedirtthatblowsintoourhouse.Mamasaysallthedustisduetothedrought.Thedirtsiftsintoeverything.Itcoversourclothes.Wehavetowashthedishesbeforeeachmeal.WerarelydrivethetruckbecausePapafearsthedustfromtheroadwillruinthemotor.Whenmysister,Faye,andIwalktoschool,wewearkerchiefsoverourmouthssowedon’tbreatheinthedirt.Ondayswhentheairissobadthattheyclosetheschool,westayhomeandhelpMamaputwetsheetsoverthewindows.Butthedirtalwaysfindsawayin.LastSunday,therewasnodirtintheair,onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Afterlunch,PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileIplayedwithFayeintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped.Ilookedtothewestandsawahugeblackcloudofdust.Allthebirdsflewaway.“ImustwarnPapa,”Ithoughttomyself.Toavoidher-25- panicking,IgentlytoldFayetogobackinsidewhereshewouldbesafe,andthenheadedofftothefield.Thestormhitsofast,andinaninstantthedayturnedintonight.BythetimeIenteredthecowfieldthefinesandwaswhippingacrossmyface.IscreamedforPapa,hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyskinlikeathousandbees.AlthoughIwasterrified,Irefusedtoturnback.Mydadwasstrandedandneededmyhelp.Coveringmyfacewithonehand,Igropedmywaytowardthetruckandopenedthedoor.FirstItriedturningthetruck’slightsonandoff,hopingthatPapawouldseethemflashing,butthesandstormletnolightescape.ThenIpushedthehornagainandagain,soPapawouldhearit.IpusheduntilIhadnomorestrengthinmyarms.Suddenly,Papa’sfaceappearedatthewindow.Myheartleapedwithsurpriseandrelief.Heopenedthedoorandclimbedontotheseatnexttome.Hethenpulledmeintohisarmsandsaid,“Oh,Iris,yousavedme!”Finally,thewindsubsidedandthedustbegantosettle.Dirtwaspileduptothewindowononesideofthetruckandhalfwayupthedoorontheother.Papakickedagainstthedoor,openingitfarenoughtoletusout.Sandandsoildriftswereeverywhere,butweweresafe.1.Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itdescribesaproblemthecharactersmustsolve.B.Itestablishesthesettingwherethestorytakesplace.C.Itintroducesthecharactersthatwillfollowinthestory.D.Itexplainsthemotivationsforthecharacters’lateractions.2.WhydidPapagotothefieldthatSunday?A.Hewastryingtogettohistruck.B.Heneededtopreparethefieldforharvest.C.Hewantedtomakesuretheanimalswerefine.D.Heplannedtobringinthecattlebeforethestorm.3.HowdidIrissaveherfather?A.Bywarninghimtorunaway.B.Byturningonthetruck’slights.-25- C.Byguidinghimtowardstheshelter.D.Byscreaminghisnameatthetopofhervoice.4.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeIris?A.Braveandcalm.B.Experiencedandconfident.C.Adventurousandcareful.D.Fearlessandsympathetic【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了上周日，Iris一家突然遭遇了沙尘暴，而Iris的爸爸去田里看家畜还没能回来，Iris急忙呼喊爸爸回家，又一遍遍地按汽车喇叭好让父亲听到。最终父亲平安找到了车，一家人躲过了沙尘暴。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据前两段的内容主要描述了Iris一家住在风沙很大的地方，每天不得不用头巾蒙住嘴，才不会吸入灰尘，在空气很糟糕的日子里，学校会关闭，他们呆在家里帮妈妈把湿床单盖在窗户上。为后文沙尘暴的发生介绍背景，由此可推知，前两段的主要功能是交待故事发生的背景。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Afterlunch,PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileIplayedwithFayeintheyard.可知，午饭后，我和Faye在院子里玩耍，爸爸去田野里看家畜。由此可知，那个星期天爸爸到田里去想确保家畜们安然无恙。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中FirstItriedturningthetruck’slightsonandoff,hopingthatPapawouldseethemflashing,butthesandstormletnolightescape.ThenIpushedthehornagainandagain,soPapawouldhearit.IpusheduntilIhadnomorestrengthinmyarms.可知，首先，作者试着打开和关闭卡车的灯，希望爸爸能看到他们闪烁，但沙尘暴挡住了光。然后作者一次又一次地按喇叭，好让爸爸听到。作者用力推，直到手臂没有力气了。由此可知，Iris是通过按卡车喇叭引导父亲找到卡车，以躲避沙尘暴。故选C。【4题详解】-25- 推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了上周日，Iris一家突然遭遇了沙尘暴，而Iris的爸爸去田里看家畜还没能回来，Iris急忙呼喊爸爸回家，又一遍遍地按汽车喇叭好让父亲听到。最终父亲平安找到了车，一家人躲过了沙尘暴。由此可以推断，Iris是机智并且冷静的孩子。故选A。B5.WhatistrueabouttheMilkyWay?A.Thereareonlystarsinsideit.B.Thereisablackholeatitscenter.C.It’sthebiggestspiralgalaxyintheuniverse.D.Ittakes100,000yearstogettherefromEarth.6.Whichofthefollowingisthemainfactorincategorizinggalaxies?A.Shape.B.Size.C.Numberofstars.D.Distancefromthesun.7.Whichofthefollowinggalaxiescanbeclassifiedasirregular?A.WhaleGalaxy—similartotheMilkyWaybothinsizeandshape.-25- B.CygnusA(3C405)Galaxy—thebrightesteggshapewecanobserve.C.CigarGalaxy—longandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud.D.SunflowerGalaxy—galaxywithmultiplearmsradiatingfromitsbrightcore.【答案】5.B6.A7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些宇宙中星系的情况，如螺旋星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系等。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据SPIRALGALAXY部分中Ourgalaxyhasahugeblackholeatitscenterthatbillionsofstarsrevolvearound.可知，我们的星系中心有一个巨大的黑洞，数十亿颗恒星围绕着它旋转。由此可知，银河系中间有一个巨大的黑洞。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据IRREGULARGALAXY部分中Therearemanyothershapesofgalaxiesthataren’tspiralorelliptical.Theyallfitintoirregularcategory.可知，不规则的星系部分中还有许多其他星系的形状不是螺旋或椭圆。它们都属于不规则的类别。由此可知，星系主要是根据形状来进行分类。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据IRREGULARGALAXY部分中Therearemanyothershapesofgalaxiesthataren’tspiralorelliptical.Theyallfitintoirregularcategory.可知，不规则的星系部分中还有许多其他星系的形状不是螺旋或椭圆。它们都属于不规则的类别。结合选项可推知，狭长的，看起来像一片灰蒙蒙的云的雪茄星系可以被归类为不规则星系。故选C。【点睛】直接信息题对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。如第一小题，根据SPIRALGALAXY部分中Ourgalaxyhasahugeblackholeatitscenterthatbillionsofstarsrevolvearound.可知，我们的星系中心有一个巨大的黑洞，数十亿颗恒星围绕着它旋转。由此可知，银河系中间有一个巨大的黑洞。故选B。C-25- TheSilkRoadisarguablythemostfamouslong-distancetraderouteoftheancientworld.ThispassageconnectedEuropeintheWestwithChinaintheEast,andallowedtheexchangeofgoods,technology,andideasbetweenthetwocivilizations.Althoughmerchantscouldmakehugeprofitstravellingtheroad,itwasnotwithoutrisk.ThemainSilkRoadstartedinChang’an(knowntodayasXi’an),theearlyHancapital.TravelerscommencingtheirjourneyfromthiscitycouldtakeanorthernroutethatwouldtakethemacrossChina’snorthwesternprovinces.Afterthis,theywouldfacetheGobiDesert,arguablythegreatestdangeroftheSilkRoad.TheGobiDesertthelargestdesertinAsia,consistsmainlyofrocky,hardearth.Thisfeaturemadeiteasierfortraderstotravelacross,comparedtosandydesertsliketheneighboringTaklamakanDesert.Likeotherdeserts,theGobiDesertisdryandhot,andthereforethebiggestchallengetravelersfacedwasobtainingenoughwaterforthemselvesaswellasfortheircamels.So,reststopswerecreatedalongtheroute,allowingtravelerstorest,eatanddrink.Theseplacesalsopromotedtheexchangeofgoods,andevenideas,amongstthetravelerswhostoppedthere.Usually,thereststopswereplacedwithinaday’sjourneyofeachother.Inthisway,travelerscouldavoidspendingtoomuchtimeinthedesert,whichwouldmakethemtargetsforrobbers,anotherdangeroftheSilkRoad.OncethroughtheGobiDesert,travelerswouldcontinuetheirjourneyintoIran,Turkey,andfinallyEurope.Whilstthispartofthejourneymayhavebeenlessdangerous,itisnotentirelywithoutitsperils.8.Theunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____.A.makinghugeprofitsB.travelingtheSilkRoadC.exchanginggoodsandideasD.connectingdifferentcivilizations9.WhywastheGobiDeserteasiertocrossthanotherdeserts?A.Thedesert’ssurfacewaseasiertowalkon.B.Camelsfortransportationwereeasiertofind.-25- C.Itwassmallerandcouldbecrossedinlesstime.D.Thereweremorenaturalwatersourcesavailable.10.WhatcanweguessaboutthereststopsintheGobiDesert?A.Travelerswereofferedfreeaccommodation.B.Theywerelocatedaroundtheedgesofthedesert.C.Travelersstayingtherewereoftenattackedbycriminals.D.Theyweresharedbytravelersfromdifferentcountries.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.TheoriginsoftheSilkRoad.B.ThebenefitsoftheSilkRoad.C.ThedifficultiesfacedbySilkRoadtravelers.D.TheculturalexchangesamongSilkRoadtravelers.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】分析】这是一篇说明文。尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。文章主要说明了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Althoughmerchantscouldmakehugeprofitstravellingtheroad可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根据该句表达的含义可推断出it指“穿越丝绸之路”。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中TheGobiDesert,thelargestdesertinAsia,consistsmainlyofrocky,hardearth.Thisfeaturemadeiteasierfortraderstotravelacross,comparedtosandydesertsliketheneighboringTaklamakanDesert.可知，戈壁沙漠是亚洲最大的沙漠，主要由坚硬的岩石构成。与邻近的塔克拉玛干沙漠等沙质沙漠相比，这一特点使商人更容易穿越。由此可知，戈壁沙漠之所以比其他沙漠容易穿越，是因为戈壁沙漠地表主要是坚硬的岩石，比较容易走。故选A。【10题详解】-25- 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中So,reststopswerecreatedalongtheroute,allowingtravelerstorest,eatanddrink.Theseplacesalsopromotedtheexchangeofgoods,andevenideas,amongstthetravelerswhostoppedthere.可知，因此，沿途设立了休息站，让旅客休息、吃饭和喝水。这些地方也促进了停留在那里的旅客之间的货物甚至思想的交流。由此推知，丝绸之路沿途驿站是世界各国旅行者共享的。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一段Althoughmerchantscouldmakehugeprofitstravellingtheroad,itwasnotwithoutrisk.可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。结合文章主要说明了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。故选C。【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it(指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人)，they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。如第一小题，根据上文Althoughmerchantscouldmakehugeprofitstravellingtheroad可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根据该句表达的含义可知推断出it指“穿越丝绸之路”。故选B。DLet’sbeginwiththestory:KingHierocontractstheancientGreekpolymathArchimedes(阿基米德)todetectfraudinthemanufactureofagoldencrown.Archimedesacceptsthechallengeand,duringasubsequenttriptothepublicbaths,realizesthatthemorehisbodysinksintothewater,themorewaterisdisplaced—makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume.RealizinghehashituponamethodtodeterminewhethertheKing’scrownwasmadeofgoldorsilver,theyoungGreekleapsoutofthebathandrusheshomenakedcrying“Eureka!Eureka!”Or,translated:“I’vefoundit!I’vefoundit!”Toobad,however,Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthephraseinthatway.Firstandforemost,Archimedeshimselfneverwroteaboutthisepisode,although-25- hespentplentyoftimedetailingthelawsofbuoyancy(浮力).Theoldestauthorityforthenaked-ArchimedeseurekastoryisVitruvius,aRomanwriter,whoincludedthetaleinhisintroductiontohisninthbookofarchitecture.“Vitruviusmayhavegottenitwrong,”saysChrisSchmitt,amathematicianattheUniversityofBerlinandaself-describedArchimedesfan.“ThemethodattributedtoArchimedesinthestoryworksintheorysoitsoundsright,butwhenyouactuallytryit,youfindthattherealworldgetsintheway.”Infact,Schmittisoneofalonglineofscientists,includingGalileo,whohavereadtheaccountandthought,“Thatcan’tberight.”AsGalileowrote,Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale.Infact,thesurfacetensionofwatercanmakethevolumeofalightobjectlikeacrownimmeasurable.“Theremaybesometruthtoit,”Schmittadds.“Archimedesdidmeasurethevolumeofthingsbuttheeurekamomentwasmaybeduetohisoriginaldiscoveryconcerningbuoyance,nottosittinginthebathtubandthenrunningthroughthestreetsnaked.”MuchlikeNewton’sapple,theexclamationpersistsbecauseoftheenduringpowerofthestory:agoldencrown,alifeinthebalance,anakedmathematician.Thesuspectfoundationsoftheeurekamomenttakenothingawayfromtheword’sabilitytouniquelyandconciselyconveytheflashofinspiration.12.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,howwouldArchimedesmeasurethevolumeofthecrown?A.Hewouldweighhimselfwithandwithoutthecrown.B.Hewouldweighthecrownfirstandthenputitintowater.C.Hewouldgotothepublicbathswearingthecrownonhishead.D.Hewouldsinkthecrownintowaterandmeasurethewaterdisplaced.13.WhatdidGalileoprobablythinkofthenaked-Archimedeseurekastory?A.Hebelievedtheword“eureka”wassaidinanothersituation.B.HesuspectedArchimedesdidn’trunthroughthestreetnaked.C.HedoubtedArchimedescarriedouttheexperimentindependently.D.HethoughtArchimedeswouldnothaveusedthemethoddescribed.-25- 14.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.Theword“eureka”isstillwidelyusedtoday.B.Theword“eureka”isnowaformalscientificterm.C.Mostpeopleaccepttheauthenticityoftheoriginalstory.DPeoplearestillinspiredbytheachievementsofArchimedes.15.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.TointroducethefamousscientistArchimedes.B.Toexaminethecredibilityoftheeurekastory.C.Toexplainhowtheword“eureka”wascreated.D.Tourgepeoplenottousetheword“eureka”anymore.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要为论证阿基米德灵感迸发故事的可信度，文章从不同的角度来说明这个故事不一定是真的。而故事的可疑性，并不影响“eureka”一词独特而简明地表达灵感闪现的能力。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Archimedesacceptsthechallengeand,duringasubsequenttriptothepublicbaths,realizesthatthemorehisbodysinksintothewater,themorewaterisdisplaced—makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume.可知，阿基米德接受了挑战，在随后的一次公共浴室之行中，他意识到，他的身体越往水里沉，排出的水就越多——这使得排出的水成为他身体体积的精确量度。由此可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉入水中，再测排出的水的重量来测量皇冠的重量。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中AsGalileowrote,Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale.可知，正如伽利略所写的，阿基米德本可以利用他自己的浮力定律和精确的比例尺得到更精确的结果。由此可知，伽利略认为阿基米德不会使用所描述的方法。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据上文MuchlikeNewton’sapple,theexclamationpersistsbecauseof-25- theenduringpowerofthestory:agoldencrown,alifeinthebalance,anakedmathematician.可知，就像牛顿的苹果一样，这个感叹词之所以能持续存在，是因为这个故事有一种经久不衰的力量：一顶金色的王冠，一个生命的平衡，一个赤身裸体的数学家。由此从最后一段带下划线的句子中可以推断出“eureka”这个词至今仍被广泛使用。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Toobad,however,Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthephraseinthatway.可知，可惜的是，阿基米德可能从来没有这样说过。以及最后一段中Thesuspectfoundationsoftheeurekamomenttakenothingawayfromtheword’sabilitytouniquelyandconciselyconveytheflashofinspiration.可知，“eureka”一词的可疑基础，丝毫不影响这个词独特而简明地表达灵感闪现的能力。结合文章主要内容为论证历史上阿基米德灵感迸发故事的可信度。由此可知，本文的目的是来检验eureka故事的可信度。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LeonardodaVinciandNatureInthemodernworld,artandsciencearetwoveryseparateactivities,butinLeonardo’stimetheywerecloselyconnected.Sciencemeantmathematicsandmedicalstudies.___16___Mathematicsincludedpracticalworklikesurveyinglandformakingmapsaswellasmeasuringthemovementsofthestarsinthesky.Anartistmightneedtomeasurethedifferentpartsofthebody.Hecouldalsousemathematicstoplacethingsinrelationshiptoeachotherinadrawingorpaintingsothescenelookedcorrect.___17___Mathematicswasalsoconnectedtomusicbecausemusicalsoundshaveafixedrelationshipwitheachotherthatcanbedescribedinnumbers.___18___Morethanthis,though,Leonardobelievedthatnumberswereapartofallthingsintheworld,includingmusic,andhesaidthat“withoutthemnothingcanbedone.”“Naturehaskindlygivenusthingseverywheretocopy,”wroteLeonardo.Inallhisactivities,Leonardowastryingtodiscovertherulesthatcontrolnature.Inhissearchforthoserules,helookedverycarefullyatalotofexamplesanddetails.Actualexperiencewasmoreimportanttohimthanopinion,andheworkedfromfactstoideas.___19___Hispurposewastoexaminetheworldsohecouldcopyitinbeautiful-25- paintingsandsculptures.Healsowantedtolearnfromthecleversolutionsofnature.___20___Hisquicklittlesketches(素描),oftendonewhilewanderingoutside,helpedhimtocatchamovementorashape.Morecarefuldrawingswouldbedoneatadeskwithapenandruler.InJuly2001,asmalldrawingbyLeonardowassoldfor$12million.Itwasthemostexpensivedrawingintheworld.A.Leonardowasalwaysdrawing.B.Howcouldthesebeconnectedwithart?C.Leonardo’sideaswerevastlyaheadofhistime.D.Mathematiciansanddoctorsworkedtodiscovertheunknown.E.Aboveall,Leonardowantedtounderstandhowandwhythingsworked.FYouwillseeagoodexampleofsuchpositioninginthepaintingofTheLastSupper.G.Leonardohimselfwasaverygoodmusicianandlikedtoplayaninstrumentandsing.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.C20.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在现代世界，艺术和科学是两个非常独立的活动，但在达芬奇的时代，它们是紧密联系在一起的。文章主要介绍了LeonardodaVinci对音乐和思想的方面的见解。【16题详解】根据上文Inthemodernworld,artandsciencearetwoveryseparateactivities,butinLeonardo’stimetheywerecloselyconnected.Sciencemeantmathematicsandmedicalstudies.可知，在现代世界，艺术和科学是两个非常独立的活动，但在达芬奇的时代，它们是紧密联系在一起的。科学意味着数学和医学研究。由此可知，此处应是提出疑问——科学与艺术有什么联系。故B选项“这些与艺术有什么联系呢？”符合上下文语境。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文Hecouldalsousemathematicstoplacethingsinrelationshiptoeachotherinadrawingorpaintingsothescenelookedcorrect.可知，他还可以用数学来把事物之间的关系画在一幅画或油画中，使场景看起来是正确的。由此可知，本句应当承接上文说明他的哪一副作品体现了这种用数学来联系事物之间的关系。故F选项“你会在《最后的晚餐》这幅画中看到这种定位的一个很好的例子”符合上下文语境。故选F。-25- 【18题详解】根据后文Morethanthis,though,Leonardobelievedthatnumberswereapartofallthingsintheworld,includingmusic,andhesaidthat“withoutthemnothingcanbedone.”可知，不仅如此，Leonardo相信数字是世界上一切事物的一部分，包括音乐。他说：“没有数字，什么也做不成。”由此可知，Leonardo喜欢音乐，他相信数字是世界上一切事物的一部分，包括音乐。故G选项“Leonardo本人是一个非常好的音乐家，喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌”符合上下文语境。故选G。【19题详解】根据上文Actualexperiencewasmoreimportanttohimthanopinion,andheworkedfromfactstoideas.可知，对他来说，实际经验比意见更重要，他从现实到思想进行工作。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明Leonardo的思想。上文中ideas可知对应到C选项中Leonardo’sideas。故C选项“Leonardo的思想远远超前于他的时代”符合上下文语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据后文Hisquicklittlesketches,oftendonewhilewanderingoutside,helpedhimtocatchamovementorashape.可知，他经常在外面闲逛的时候画一些速写，帮助他捕捉一个动作或一个形状。由此可知，本段是在说明Leonardo日常喜欢绘画的情况。故A选项“Leonardo总是在画画”符合上下文语境。故选A。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Throughoutmylife,Iwasneververyathletic.Iwasn’treallyinto___21___,sportsorconflict.Theonly___22___Ienjoyedwere___23___thingslikewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.ItwasduringmyjunioryearinhighschoolthatIrealizedIneededa___24___.Myfriendswerejoiningthelongdistancerunningcluband___25___metodoitalso.Atmyschool,therewerenoqualification___26___;everystudentwasaccepted.Aseveryonegatheredaroundonthefirstdayofpractice,the____27____announceditwastimefor“warm-up”.Iimaginedthewarm-upwouldbea___28___jogaround-25- the400-metretrack.Isoon___29___itwasa1-kmrun.Aftercompletingtherun,Iwas___30___!Iwondered,“Ifthat’swarm-up,what’snext?”The___31___workoutforthedaywasa5-kmrun,whichImostlywalked.WhenIcamehome,Ireallyconsidered___32___.However,I___33___myselftokeepatitandtryharder.Ofcourse,therewasnorealimprovement___34___.Ialwayscameinlastduringpracticeandthefirstfew___35___.Asdaysandweekswenton,Ireallytriedmybest.Duringpractice,Iwouldalwayskeepatthe___36___ofthegroup;thefastest,more___37___runnerswerealwaysahead,whilethelaziestwerebehind.Astheresultofmy___38___,warm-upbecamearealwarm-up.The5-kmrunstransformedintoan___39___dayofpractice.AndIwasnolongerlastinanythingwedid.Foraformercouchpotato,likeme,thiswasa(n)___40___.21.A.rulesB.artsC.competitionD.schoolwork22.A.proceduresB.activitiesC.lessonsD.programs23.A.endlessB.pointlessC.importantD.challenging24.A.changeB.restC.teamD.result25.A.accompaniedB.assistedC.requiredD.invited26.A.trialsB.alternativesC.opportunitiesD.reasons27.A.competitorB.coachC.reporterD.referee28.A.hardB.boringC.practicalD.casual29.A.decidedB.suspectedC.realizedD.agreed30.A.sentoffB.takenawayC.turneddownD.wornout31.A.realB.bestC.expectedD.fun32.A.complainingB.quittingC.cryingD.refreshing33.A.convincedB.taughtC.sentD.helped34.A.actuallyB.graduallyC.separatelyD.instantly35.A.performancesB.presentationsC.racesD.steps-25- 36.A.middleB.topC.frontD.bottom37.A.popularB.confidentC.seriousD.relaxed38.A.inspirationB.determinationC.loyaltyD.contribution39.A.unimaginableB.avoidableC.easyD.optional40.A.exceptionB.exampleC.promotionD.success【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.A25.D26.A27.B28.D29.C30.D31.A32.B33.A34.D35.C36.A37.C38.B39.C40.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了曾经喜欢看电视和玩电脑游戏的作者决心改变自己，于是参加了长跑俱乐部。并在自己不断努力和坚持的情况下，终于不再是最后一名的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我并不是真的喜欢比赛、运动或冲突。A.rules规则；B.arts艺术；C.competition竞争，比赛；D.schoolwork家庭作业。结合后文sportsorconflict可知，作者不喜欢比赛、运动等事情。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我唯一喜欢的活动是看电视和玩电脑游戏等没有意义的事情。A.procedures程序；B.activities活动；C.lessons课程；D.programs项目。结合后文likewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames可知，此处列举了作者喜欢的一些活动。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我唯一喜欢的活动是看电视和玩电脑游戏等没有意义的事情。A.endless无尽的；B.pointless无意义的；C.important重要的；D.challenging挑战的。看电视和玩电脑游戏是没有意义的事情。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我上高中三年级的时候，我意识到我需要一个改变。A.change改变；B.rest休息；C.team队；D.result结果。结合后文作者加入了长跑俱乐部，可知作者意识到自己需要一个改变。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们也加入了长跑俱乐部，并邀请我参加。A.-25- accompanied陪伴；B.assisted援助；C.required需要；D.invited邀请。结合后文metodoitalso可知，作者的朋友邀请作者参加长跑俱乐部。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的学校，没有资格考试；每个学生都被录取了。A.trials考验，尝试；B.alternatives选择；C.opportunities机会；D.reasons理由。结合后文everystudentwasaccepted.可知，参加俱乐部没有资格考验，谁都可以加入。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大家在训练的第一天聚在一起时，教练宣布是时候“热身”了。A.competitor竞争者；B.coach教练；C.reporter记者；D.referee裁判员。给作者他们进行训练的应当是教练（coach）。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我原以为热身活动会是围绕400米跑道进行的随意慢跑。A.hard努力的；B.boring无聊的；C.practical实际的；D.casual随便的。根据后文aroundthe400-metretrack可知，作者一开始以为“热身”就只是围绕400米跑道进行的随意慢跑。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快意识到这是一次1公里的跑步。A.decided决定；B.suspected怀疑；C.realized意识到；D.agreed同意。根据后文itwasa1-kmrun.可知，作者很快意识到这是一次1公里的跑步。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：跑完之后，我累坏了！A.sentoff寄出；B.takenaway拿走；C.turneddown关小；D.wornout疲惫不堪。作者第一次参加训练就跑了一公里，因此跑完后，疲惫不堪，累坏了。故选D。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天真正的训练是5公里的跑步，我大部分时间都是步行。A.real真正的，实际的；B.best最好的；C.expected预料的；D.fun有趣的。根据后文workoutforthedaywasa5-kmrun可知，一公里只是热身，真正的训练是五公里的长跑。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家的时候，我真的考虑过放弃。A.complaining抱怨；B.quitting放弃；C.crying哭泣；D.refreshing提神。根据后文myselftokeepatit-25- andtryharder.可知，作者回到家考虑过放弃，但是又说服了自己继续坚持。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我说服自己继续努力。A.convinced说服；B.taught教授；C.sent邮寄；D.helped帮助。根据后文myselftokeepatitandtryharder.可知，作者回到家一开始想要放弃，但是后来又说服了自己继续努力下去。故选A。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，并没有立即出现真正的改善。A.actually实际上；B.gradually逐步地；C.separately分别地；D.instantly立即。根据后文Ialwayscameinlast可知，作者的长跑并没有立即就出现进步和改善。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在练习赛和前几场比赛中，我总是最后一名。A.performances表演；B.presentations展示；C.races比赛；D.steps台阶。根据上文duringpracticeandthefirstfew可推知，除了练习赛还有前几场比赛中，作者总是最后一名。故选C。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在练习中，我总是保持在中间；认真严肃对待的人总是在前面，而懈怠的人总在后面。A.middle中间；B.top顶部；C.front前面；D.bottom底部。根据上下文可知，作者既不是跑在最前面的，也不是最后面的，作者在队伍的中间。短语atthemiddleof“在……中段”。故选A。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：认真严肃对待的人总是在前面，而懈怠的人总在后面。A.popular流行的；B.confident自信的；C.serious严肃的；D.relaxed放松的。根据下文whilethelaziestwerebehind可知，与laziest形成对比，严肃认真的人在前面，而懈怠的人总在后面。故选C。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我的决心，热身变成了真正的热身。A.inspiration灵感；B.determination决心；C.loyalty忠诚；D.contribution贡献。根据上文Asdaysandweekswenton,Ireallytriedmybest.可知，作者不断尽最大努力，由于作者的决心，一公里热身变成了真正的热身。故选B。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：5公里跑变成了轻松的一天练习。A.-25- unimaginable不可思议的；B.avoidable可避免的；C.easy容易的；D.optional可选择的。根据上文warm-upbecamearealwarm-up.可知，作者有了进步，热身变成了真正的热身，5公里跑变成了轻松的一天练习。其它选项不符合语境。故选C。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于我这样一个曾经的电视迷来说，这是一次成功。A.exception例外；B.example例子；C.promotion提升；D.success成功。根据上文AndIwasnolongerlastinanythingwedid.可知，作者不再是最后一名了，对于曾经是电视迷的作者来说，这是一次成功的改变。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thenovelcoronavirus,nowofficiallynamedCovid-19,isanew___41___(ill)andscientistsarestillstudyingthebestwaystocontrolit.DefeatingCovid-19,___42___,isnotonlythejobofscientistsanddoctors.Peoplehaveanimportantroletoplayinthebattle.Thebestwaytohelppreventthevirus___43___(spread)isbyprotectingyourselfandstayinghealthy.ScientistsarenowsurethatCovid-19ispassedbetweenpeoplethroughcoughingandsneezing.Thevirustravelsthroughtheairandcanbebreathedinbypeoplenearby.Itmayalsoland___44___surfacessuchastablesandchairs.Ifthesesurfaces___45___(touch),thevirusmaybeonyourhands.Touchingyoureyesormouthwith___46___(wash)handscanletthevirusenteryourbody.___47___(protect)yourselfandothers,wearamaskatalltimeswhenoutinpublic.ThisstopshealthypeoplefrombreathinginCovid-19and___48___(reduce)theamountofthevirusillpeoplesendintotheair.Mostimportantly,washyourhandscarefullyandfrequently,especially___49___youareoutsideyourhome.Covid-19isundoubtedlyaserioussocialchallenge,butifweallcontributeandbehave____50____(responsible),itisonethatwecanovercome.【答案】41.illness42.however43.spreading44.on45.aretouched-25- 46.unwashed47.Toprotect48.reduces49.when50.responsibly【解析】这是一篇说明文。新型冠状病毒，现在正式命名为Covid-19，是一种新的疾病，科学家们仍在研究控制它的最佳方法。文章说明了一些帮助预防病毒传播的方法。【41题详解】考查名词。根据上文anew可知，此处应填单数名词illness，表示“疾病”。故填illness。【42题详解】考查连接副词。句意：然而，击败Covid-19不仅仅是科学家和医生的工作。结合上下文语境可知，此处为转折关系，故填however。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。根据短语preventdoingsth.表示“防止做某事”，后跟动词-ing形式。故填spreading。【44题详解】考查介词。根据短语landon表示“降落”。故填on。【45题详解】考查动词时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为surfaces，谓语动词用复数。故填aretouched。【46题详解】考查形容词。修饰名词hands，且表示“未洗的，不清洁的”应用形容词unwashed。故填unwashed。【47题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，protect在句中作非谓语动词，且此处表目的应用不定式。故填Toprotect。【48题详解】考查主谓一致。此处为and连接的并列谓语，根据上文ThisstopshealthypeoplefrombreathinginCovid-19-25- and可知，此处为一般现在时，应填第三人称单数形式。故填reduces。【49题详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：最重要的是，要经常仔细地洗手，尤其是当你出门在外的时候。此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。故填when。50题详解】考查副词。修饰动词behave，应用副词responsibly，表示“负责地”。故填responsibly。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Thefirstafewweeksofthetermareoverandithasdefinitelybeenanewexperience.HavingschoollessononlineissomethingI’veonlyreadaboutinarticleswherediscussfuturetechnology.NowIamlivinginthefuture!TheytookmesometimetogetusedtomynewInternetclassroom.Atfirst,Ican’talwayshearwhattheteacherormyclassmateswassaying.SometimesIwasn’twellpreparing.Slowly,however,Iadaptedthenewlearningenvironmentbutnowthingsaregoingsmoothly.Ofcourse,Istillmissseeingmyclassmatesandplaytogetheroutside.Hopefully,wecanmeetinpersonsoon.【答案】1.删掉a2.lesson→lessons3.where→which或that4.They→It5.can’t→couldn’t-25- 6.was→were7.preparing→prepared8.adapted后添加to9.but→and10.play→playing【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者一开始上网课的情况。【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：学期的前几周已经结束了，这绝对是一次全新的体验。当few前有the/some/these/those等修饰语时，不带a也表示肯定意义。thefirstfewweeks表示“前几周”，冠词明显多余。故删掉a。2.考查名词的数。lesson为可数名词，此处指学校的课程应用复数形式。故lesson改为lessons。3.考查定语从句。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词article，且先行词在从句中做主语，指“文章”，应用关系代词which或that引导。故where改为which或that。4.考查it做形式主语。此处为固定句型ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”，it在句中作形式主语。故They改为It。5.考查动词时态。结合全文语境可知为一般过去时。故can’t改为couldn’t。6.考查主谓一致。or连接并列主语时，主谓一致遵循就近原则，即与myclassmates保持一致，谓语应用复数形式。故was改为were。7.考查形容词。句意：有时我没有做好准备。短语bewellprepared表示“做好准备”。故preparing改为prepared。8.考查固定短语。根据短语adaptto表示“使自己适应于……”。故adapted后添加to。9.考查连词。句意：然而，慢慢地，我适应了新的学习环境，现在事情进展得很顺利。结合句意可知，上下文为承接关系，应用连词and。故but改为and。10.考查非谓语动词。此处and连接前后并列结构，根据上文Istillmissseeingmyclassmatesand可知，play此处与seeing保持一致，应用动词-ing形式。故play改为playing。【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：-25- 1、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who/whom，指人时通常不用which等等。2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when/where/why。3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that/why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。如第三小题，此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词article，且先行词在从句中做主语，指“文章”，应用关系代词which或that。故where改为which或that。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.某英文杂志在其“互动栏目（Q&A）”刊出Lora的来信，欢迎读者就信中提到的问题进行分析并提出建议。假定你是读者李华，请给Lora回信。Deareditor,I’maseniorhighschoolstudent,andIwanttoreadmorebooksofclassicliterature.ButsomefriendssuggestIwatchmoviesbasedonthebooksinstead.Whataretheadvantagesofeachapproachandwhatdoyousuggest?Thanks!Lora注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearLora,-25- I’mLiHua,aSeniorThreestudent.Learningthatyouaredealingwithsometroubles,I’mwritingtogiveyousomesuggestions.Herearesomedetails.Tobeginwith,Ithinkclassicsaresuitableforreadingandarebetterforyourstudy.What’smore,ifyouhavetochooseone,Ibelievethebooksofclassicliteraturemaybebetterthanmovies.Somemoviewouldchangetheplotsinordertoadapttothefilmtimerequirements.Thiswillchangesomeofthestructureoftheoriginalstory.Ihopemysuggestionsarehelpfulforyou.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类写作。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，某英文杂志在其“互动栏目（Q&A）”刊出Lora的来信，欢迎读者就信中提到的问题进行分析并提出建议。假定你是读者李华，请给Lora回信。人称使用第一人称，时态使用一般现在时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：dealwith(处理)；tobeginwith(首先)；suitable(适当的)；betterthan(好过)；plot(情节)等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Herearesomedetailsaboutit.运用倒装句；What’smore,ifyouhavetochooseone,Ibelievethebooksofclassicliteraturemaybebetterthanmovies.运用了条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。-25- 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