甘肃省定西市临洮县第二中学2019-2020学年高二开学检测考试英语试卷

甘肃省定西市临洮县第二中学2019-2020学年高二开学检测考试英语试卷

英 语 考试时间：100分钟；总分：120分； ‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 ‎2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题给出的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Pacific Science Center Guide ‎◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.‎ ‎◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.‎ ‎◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.‎ ‎◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.‎ ‎1．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?‎ A．In Building 1. B．In Building 3. ‎ C．At the last Dome. D．At the Denny Way entrance.‎ ‎2．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?‎ A．Train Science teachers. B．Distribute science books.‎ C．Distribute scientific research. D．Take science to the classroom.‎ ‎3．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?‎ A．To encourage donations. B．To advertise coming events.‎ C．To introduce special exhibits. D．To tell about the Center’s history.‎ B New Year’s resolutions（决心）often fail, but now a new study may just provide motivation for you to stick to them. Scientists found that meeting goals — such as giving up drinking or smoking — can slash your risk of cancer.‎ The large-scale study — of half a million Britons — looked at the effects of quitting tobacco，limiting alcohol intake, maintaining a low body mass index (BMI), exercising regularly and eating a healthy diet. Each individual behaviour was found to bring a decrease in the chance of getting cancer of about eight per cent. But if people carried out all together the overall risk reduction was about a third — and likely a greater cut in deaths from the disease.‎ The researchers from Cardiff University examined data from 343,150 people from the UK Biobank to identify the five healthy behaviours and compare them to the risk of cancer. The subjects were aged 40 to 69 and 14,285 were diagnosed （诊断）with the disease during an average follow-up of just over five years. The team found that adopting（采用）all the studied healthy behaviours brought a 25 and 35 percent reduction in bowel and breast cancer respectively — two of the most common forms of the disease.‎ The team said the findings may not sound surprising — but they serve as a reminder of the importance behind turning resolutions into permanent lifestyle choices.‎ Professor Elwood, the lead researcher，said the real problem for people adopting resolutions was translating the unclear idea of lifestyle choices being “good” into useful evidence — which was what this study provided. “A healthy lifestyle has many additional benefits to cancer reduction — it costs nothing, has no undesirable side effects…and is better than any pill.”‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “slash” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A．Cut. B．Increase. C．Change. D．Keep.‎ ‎5．What can be learnt from the passage?‎ A．Almost half of the subjects of the research got cancer.‎ B．Bowel cancer and breast cancer are the most common diseases.‎ C．A healthy habit will bring down the risk of cancer by 33%.‎ D．The research shows the benefits of carrying out New Year’s resolutions.‎ ‎6．According to Professor Elwood, the research is mainly aimed at ______.‎ A．warning people of the risk of cancer B．removing people’s doubts about healthy lifestyles C．persuading people into sticking to healthy lifestyles D．proving the relation between lifestyles and cancer ‎7．What would probably be the best title?‎ A．How to Choose Healthy Lifestyles?‎ B．Quit New Year’s Resolutions? Think Again!‎ C．Make Your New Year’s Resolutions Wisely!‎ D．Healthy Lifestyles Bring Down Cancer Risks!‎ C It may seem as if Mother's Day was invented by a company named Hallmark, but people have been taking time on the calendar to give a shout-out to Mom for a long time. The Greeks and Romans had mother goddess festivals — although their celebrations didn't involve the menfolk taking their underappreciated mothers out to dinner. A more recent tradition wasMothering Sunday, which developed in the British Isles during the 16th century. On the fourth Sunday in April, young men and women who were living and working apart from their families were advised to return to their mothers’ houses.‎ Mother's Day as it is observed in the United States started in the 1850s with Ann Jarvis, a West Virginia woman who held “Mothers' Work Days” to promote health and hygiene(卫生) at home and ‎ in the workplace. During the Civil War, Jarvis organized women to improve sanitary conditions for soldiers on both sides, and after the war she became a peacemaker, furthering the cause by bringing together mothers of Union and Confederate soldiers and promoting a Mother's Day holiday.‎ Jarvis's work inspired another 19th-century woman, Julia Ward Howe. In 1870 Howe published her “Mother's Day Proclamation”, which envisioned the day not as appreciation of mothers by their children but as an opportunity for women to exercise their collective power for peace. Howe started holding annual Mother's Day celebrations in Boston, her hometown, but after about a decade she stopped footing the bill and the tradition faded away.‎ It was Jarvis's daughter Anna who succeeded in getting Mother’s Day recognized as a national holiday. After her mother died, in May 1905, Anna started holding yearly ceremony on the anniversary and conducting a tireless PR campaign to have the day made a holiday. In 1908 she succeeded in enlisting the support of John W anamaker, the Philadelphia department store magnate and advertising pioneer, and by 1912 West Virginia and a few other states had adopted Mother's Day. Two years later, President Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution declaring the second Sunday in May a national holiday.‎ It wasn't long, though, before whatever ideals the day was supposed to celebrate were buried under an amount of greeting cards and candy. By the 1920s Anna Jarvis was campaigning against the holiday she had been instrumental in creating. “I wanted it to be a day of emotionalism, not profit,” she said.‎ ‎8．The first paragraph suggests that .‎ A．mothers didn't get enough appreciation B．Mother's Day was invented by Hallmark C．young people returned to their mothers' houses D．Greeks and Romans were the first to celebrate Mother's Day ‎9．Who plays the most important role in creating Mother's Day?‎ A．Ann Jarvis. B．Julia Ward Howe. C．Woodrow Wilson. D．Anna Jarvis.‎ ‎10．Why did Anna Jarvis object to Mother's Day at last?‎ A．Because it was an emotional day.‎ B．Because the festival was not profitable.‎ C．Because the celebrations went against the original spirit.‎ D．Because the day was buried under greeting cards and candy.‎ ‎11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．The Objection to Mother’s Day B．The Argument on Celebrating Mother's Day C．The Story Behind the Creation of Mother's Day D．Different Form of Celebrations on Mother's Day D ‎ Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.‎ Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published ‎ until their criticisms were addressed.‎ The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team’s reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there’s not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.‎ If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.‎ Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.‎ Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.‎ Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.‎ As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.‎ ‎12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce a new relationship between health and eating red meat.‎ B．To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly.‎ C．To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat.‎ D．To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence.‎ ‎13．What is the author’s attitude towards the new research?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Objective.‎ ‎14．Guyatt’s avoiding red meats has the weakest connection with ________.‎ A．health risks B．diet habits C．animal welfare D．environmental protection ‎15．What can we learn from the recent research?‎ A．Red meats don’t have significant health risks.‎ B．Reducing meat consumption will be worth it.‎ C．The report authors have reached a consensus.‎ D．Consuming red meat will do good to health.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. 16．:‎ ‎● Schedule yearly exams. Eye care should begin early in life. Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.‎ ‎● Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. 17．.‎ ‎● Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 18．. Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.‎ ‎●19．. As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.‎ ‎● Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 20．. Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.‎ A．Eat your greens.‎ B．Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight.‎ C．They can properly protect your eyes.‎ D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.‎ E.Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.‎ F.Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.‎ G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.‎ 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。‎ I know a woman who tries hard to be a good custodian (保洁工). I pass her every day after school as she pushes her cart down my hallway. Of course, she is my building’s cleaner.‎ One Tuesday morning I came into school and saw a 21 on my desk from my custodian. It seemed that some unbearable first year students had damaged the bathroom in a particularly disgusting way and she had been 22 to clean it. This took 23 than she had expected. She had left the typewritten note on my desk to 24 for not being able to clean my room as she was 25 to do.‎ At the beginning of the period, I shared her note with my first period 26 . When I mentioned that our custodian had apologized to us, their first 27 was to volunteer to seek out and beat up those first year students for making our custodian have to clean up their 28 . It turned out that just about all of my students also knew our custodian by name-all of them responded with smiles and 29 for a long time about this time or that time when she’d 30 each of them in the hallway. That she felt she needed to apologize 31 a strong reaction from many of the kids.‎ As the class period was about to end, I asked them to 32 the floor like I do every period and thanked them for picking up any garbage 33 it wasn’t theirs. My entire class disappeared; they each disappeared instantly 34 their desks to pick up those annoying tiny pieces of paper that 35 so easily from notebooks. One girl made a(an) 36 that I later used with my other classes: “Her job might be to clean the room, but she shouldn’t have to clean up 37 us. There’s a difference. “‎ I believe that people know the difference between right and wrong. I believe that people appreciate it when others 38 take care of them. And I believe that people, even adolescents who are not quite yet mature, appreciate it when they see someone who takes 39 in her work. Sometimes we need a 40 of the things we take for granted... things like a good custodian to take care of us.‎ ‎21．A．paper B．handbook C．note D．letter ‎22．A．advised B．persuaded C．allowed D．charged ‎23．A．shorter B．longer C．mare D．less ‎24．A．apologize B．regret C．appeal D．complain ‎25．A．recommended B．believed C．approved D．scheduled ‎26．A．class B．colleagues C．staff D．members ‎27．A．answer B．reaction C．decision D．behavior ‎28．A．room B．desks C．mess D．chaos ‎29．A．talked B．asked C．quarreled D．discussed ‎30．A．visited B．called C．praised D．greeted ‎31．A．made B．showed C．earned D．accepted ‎32．A．sweep B．examine C．check D．mop ‎33．A．even if B．only if C．if only D．if ever ‎34．A．above B．under C．beyond D．across ‎35．A．leave B．fall C．fly D．miss ‎36．A．promise B．agreement C．announcement D．comment ‎37．A．after B．before C．with D．for ‎38．A．freely B．gently C．hopefully D．sincerely ‎39．A．advantage B．pride C．action D．chance ‎40．A．keeper B．caretaker C．reminder D．observer 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Two new satellites of BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System (BDS)41．(send) into space on a Long March-3D carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province, China at 2:07 a.m. on November 19, 2018. The satellites entered a Medium Earth orbit (轨道) 42．(safe) more than three hours later and will work with 17 other BDS-3 satellites already in space. They are also the 42nd and 43rd43．(member) of the BDS satellite family.‎ China launched these satellites with the aim of providing navigation services44．countries and regions which participate in the Belt and Road Proposal by the end of 2018. “This is a key and45．(value) step for BDS developing from a Chinese experimental system to a regional and then a global navigation system,” said Yang Changfeng, chief expert46．contributed much to the BeiDou system. The positioning47．(accurate) of the BDS-3 system has been improved to 2.5 meters to 5 meters, said Yang.‎ ‎48．(name) after the Chinese term for the Big Dipper, the BeiDou system has been serving China for 18 years where another six BDS-3 satellites will be put into the Medium Earth orbit from 2019 to 2020. The system is expected49．(provide) first-class services around50．globe by the end of 2020.‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ It is known to us, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, how should we do? Last week, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more than 1,500 meters above sea level. Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt very exhausted half way that I wanted to give up. See this, my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me. In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mountain. Therefore, don’t give up in the face of challenges. If you are determined enough, it is certainly that you can overcome them.‎ 书面表达(满分25分)‎ 每个人都对自己的未来充满期待，十年后的你会过着什么样的生活呢？请以“My Life in the Future”为题，对你的未来生活进行展望。‎ 要点包括：‎ ‎1.你可能生活的城市及理由；‎ ‎2.你可能从事的工作及理由；‎ ‎3.你的家庭状况；‎ ‎4.为未来的美好生活而努力。‎ 注意：1.词数：120左右；‎ ‎2.可适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ 英语答案 ‎1．B 2．D 3．A ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。‎ ‎1．细节理解题。根据题干关键词souvenir定位在第一段The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.可知，Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼的楼上。故选B。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。根据题干for school定位在最后一段Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington State可知，现在Pacific Science Center每年向130多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到华盛顿州的学校课程。故选D。‎ ‎3．推理判断题。根据最后一段标题Support Pacific Science Center和信息句Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之捐赠。故选A。‎ ‎4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 本文为议论文，从健康角度说明了好的生活方式带来的好处，敦促人们要保持健康的行为习惯。‎ ‎4．词义猜测题。从下文的研究结果可知，健康的行为习惯能降低患病的风险，故可推知slash意为“降低”，因此选A。‎ ‎5．推理判断题。从第四段The team said the findings may not sound surprising — but they serve as a reminder of the importance behind turning resolutions into permanent lifestyle choices.可知，该研究进一步证实了执行新年心愿对健康的极大帮助，因此D项正确。‎ ‎6．细节理解题。从最后一段中Elwood教授说的话“A healthy lifestyle has many additional benefits to cancer reduction — it costs nothing, has no undesirable side effects…and is better than any pill”可知，该研究的目的是说服人们坚持健康的生活方式。故选C。‎ ‎7．主旨大意题。由文章中的研究可知，健康的生活方式与患病的风险有密切关系，意在说服人们坚持新年心愿所代表的健康的生活方式，故选B。‎ ‎8．A 9．D 10．C 11．C ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 本文为记叙文。本文主要叙述了母亲节的来历。母亲节似乎是由Hallmark的创立的。但母亲节与美国一名妇女安•贾维斯（Ann Jarvis）是分不开的。19世纪50年代安·贾维斯（Ann Jarvis）举办“母亲工作日”活动，以促进健康和卫生。1870年，朱莉娅·沃德·豪受其影响，发表了她的“母亲节宣言”，该宣言认为母亲节不是孩子对母亲的赞赏，而是妇女行使集体力量争取和平的机会。1905年5月，安娜在母亲去世后，开始每年举行周年纪念仪式，并让这一天成为节日。1912年，西弗吉尼亚州和其他几个州已经采用了母亲节。两年后，伍德罗威尔逊总统签署了一项决议，宣布五月的第二个星期天为国定假日。‎ ‎8．推理判断题。根据第一段“but people have been taking time on the calendar to give a shout-out to Mom for a long time. The Greeks and Romans had mother goddess festivals — although their celebrations didn't involve the menfolk taking their underappreciated mothers out to dinner.”虽然有母亲节，人们一直在日历上向母亲表达感谢。希腊人和罗马人也有母亲节和女神节——‎ 但他们的庆祝活动没有涉及到男人带他们的不受重视的母亲出去吃饭。由此可推断出，虽然有母亲节，但母亲们没有得到足够的感激和重视。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎9．推理判断题。根据第二段，第四段“Mother's Day as it is observed in the United States started in the 1850s with Ann Jarvis ，a West Virginia woman who held “Mothers' Work Days” to promote health and hygiene(卫生) at home and in the workplace. After her mother died, in May 1905, Anna started holding yearly ceremony on the anniversary and conducting a tireless PR campaign to have the day made a holiday. In 1908 she succeeded in enlisting the support of John W anamaker, the Philadelphia department store magnate and advertising pioneer, and by 1912 West Virginia and a few other states had adopted Mother's Day. Two years later, President Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution declaring the second Sunday in May a national holiday”，在19世纪50年代美国的母亲工作日，并倡导推动母亲节。1905年5月，安娜的母亲去世后，她开始每年举行周年纪念仪式，并进行不懈的公关活动，让这一天成为节日。1908年，她成功地获得了费城百货公司巨头和广告先锋约翰·W·阿纳梅克的支持，到1912年，西弗吉尼亚和其他几个州都采用了母亲节。两年后，伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署了一项决议，宣布5月的第二个星期天为国家假日。由此可知，安娜·贾维斯在母亲节的创 立方面起了重要的作用。故D项符合题意，故选D，‎ ‎10．推理判断题。根据文章中“Ann Jarvis, ... held ‘Mothers' Work Days’ to promote health and hygiene(卫生) at home and in the workplace”举办“母亲工作日”活动，以促进家庭和工作场所的健康和卫生 。“In 1870 Howe published her ‘Mother's Day Proclamation’, which envisioned the day not as appreciation of mothers by their children but as an opportunity for women to exercise their collective power for peace.”豪发表了她的“母亲节宣言”，该宣言认为母亲节不是孩子对母亲的赞赏，而是妇女行使集体力量争取和平的机会。最后一段“It wasn't long, though, before whatever ideals the day was supposed to celebrate were buried under an amount of greeting cards and candy. By the 1920s Anna Jarvis was campaigning against the holiday she had been instrumental in creating. ‘I wanted it to be a day of emotionalism, not profit,’ she said”.没过多久，这一天本该庆祝理想的东西被大量的贺卡和糖果掩埋了。到了20世纪20年代，安娜·贾维斯(Anna Jarvis)发起了反对这个节日的运动。她说:“我希望这一天充满感情的，而不是利益的。可知，现在的母亲节已与最初的母亲节的精神相悖， C正确，故选C。‎ ‎11．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“It may seem as if Mother's Day was invented...”是文章的主题句，告诉我们母亲节是是如何创立，其中的invent与C项中的“Creation”的动词create是同义词。从第二段到最后叙述了19世纪50年代安•贾维斯（Ann Jarvis）举办“母亲工作日”活动。1870年，朱莉娅•沃德•豪受其影响，发表了 “母亲节宣言”。1905年5月，安娜在母亲去世后，开始每年举行周年纪念仪式，并让这一天成为节日。1912年，西弗吉尼亚州和其他几个州已经接纳了母亲节。两年后，伍德罗威尔逊总统签署了一项决议，宣布五月的第二个星期天为国定假日。由此可推断出：本文主要叙述母亲节创立的背景故事。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 选择标题在英语阅读理解中属于主旨大意题，是一种深层理解题。要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。确定最佳标题的方法就是要找出文章的主题句。‎ 主题句通常在文章的首段，也可能在文章的末段，在文章的某一段落，或分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心集中起来，即为全文的主题句。如第4小题属于主旨大意题中的选择最佳标题。本文的中心句在首段的第一句“It may seem as if Mother's Day was invented by...,”是文章的主题句。告诉我们母亲节是是如何创立其中的invent对应C项中的“Creation”的动词create。‎ 找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。第4小题从第二段至结束叙述了19世纪50年代安•贾维斯（Ann Jarvis）举办“母亲工作日”活动，以促进健康和卫生。1870年，朱莉娅•沃德•豪受其影响，发表了 “母亲节宣言”。1905年5月，安娜在母亲去世后，开始每年举行周年纪念仪式，并让这一天成为节日。1912年，西弗吉尼亚州和其他几个州已经接纳了母亲节。两年后，伍德罗威尔逊总统签署了一项决议，宣布五月的第二个星期天为国定假日。由此可推断出：本文主要说明母亲节创立的背景故事。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎12．C 13．D 14．A 15．A ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一些研究人员通过研究12项涉及约54000人的临床试验的数据，认为与红肉相关的健康风险增加很小，而且不确定，对于那些喜欢吃肉的人来说，减少可能是不值得的。但一些科学家不同意此结论，这些研究人员中有一些也有不同看法。‎ ‎12．推理判断题。根据第一段开头“Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。‎ ‎13．推理判断题。根据“according to researchers who reviewed data”，“ the researchers argue that”，“Those conclusions go against established medical advice”，“The team's reviews of past studies”“ the latest example”，“ Based on their analyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。‎ ‎14．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.”可知，但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。‎ ‎15．推理判断题。根据第三段“The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak...”可知，这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。‎ ‎16．B 17．C 18．G 19．D 20．F ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章指出如果不想近视，保持眼睛的良好状态的话，可以遵循5‎ 个建议。一、每年检查；二、阻止紫外线照射；三、让眼睛休息；四、多吃点维生素以保证眼睛良好的形状；五、练习安全地佩戴隐形眼镜及其妥善保存。‎ ‎16．在说明文文体中，第一段一般起到总领全文的作用，接着文章提出了五个保护视力的建议，故第一段中需要一句总起全文的句子，B选项为总结性句子。故B项正确。‎ ‎17．文中第三段提到可以戴墨镜阻挡紫外线。在段末处需一句总结性语句。C选项中的代词they指代的是前文中提到的sunglasses，故C项正确。‎ ‎18．文中第四段提到2/3的美国人使用电脑的时间超过了7小时。而文中给出第3个建议是让眼睛休息一下，说明长时间使用电脑对眼睛是有损伤的。G选项中提到的“this frequent eye activity”指的是长时间使用电脑。故G项正确。‎ ‎19．根据第五段内容，维生素C、E都能保护人们的视力，提高眼睛的力量。可以看出该段的关键词为vitamins，故D项正确。‎ ‎20．文中最后一段提到“While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.”有一些人会遵守医嘱进行正确地佩戴隐形眼镜，但仍有一部分没有遵守医嘱的人，他们就可能面临视力上的危害。因此要时刻遵守医嘱，故F项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 分析本文的语篇结构，可以知道第一段是文章的主题句，然后接下来各段的语篇结构都是主题句（总）+支撑句（分）（分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等）。如第1段最后一句则是对第1段的总结，并且引出余下内容。另外，七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。如第4题，在第五段中，反复出现了vitamins这一关键词汇，因此很快能从选项中对正确答案进行定位。‎ ‎21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．D 31．C 32．C 33．A ‎34．B 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．C ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。作者通过这篇文章告诉我们需要像那位清洁工一样的提醒者（reminder），时时提醒我们不要把所有的事情都当成理所当然。‎ ‎21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个星期二的早晨，我走进学校，看到我的保洁工在我的桌子上留了一张纸条。A. paper纸；B. handbook手册；C. note纸条；D. letter信。结合下文的 the typewritten note 可知，她给了“我”一张纸条（note）。故选C。‎ ‎22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：似乎有一些让人无法忍受的一年级学生以一种特别恶心的方式损坏了浴室，她被要求打扫。A. advised建议；B. persuaded劝说；C. allowed允许；D. charged责成。结合上文可知，她是一名清洁工，所以当浴室被弄得很脏以后，她被责成（charge）去进行清理。故选D。‎ ‎23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比她预期的时间要长。A. shorter更短的；B. longer 更长的；C. more更多的；D. less更少的。结合下文可知，她留纸条道歉没能按时帮"我"清理房间，由此推断出清理浴室所用的时间比她预期得要更长（longer）。故选B。‎ ‎24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在我的桌子上留下了一张打印的便条，为未能按预定时间打扫我的房间表示歉意。A. apologize道歉；B. regret 后悔；C. appeal吸引；D. complai抱歉。结合下文的 our custodian had apologized to us 可知，她是留纸条给"我"道歉（apologize）。故选A。‎ ‎25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在我的桌子上留下了一张打印的便条，为未能按预定时间打扫我的房间表示歉意。A. recommended推荐；B. believed相信；C. approved批准；D. scheduled把……列入计划。她为不能按计划清理我们的教室而道歉。be scheduled to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，符合文意。故选D。‎ ‎26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这节课开始的时候，我和我的第一节课同学分享了她的便条。A. class班级；B. colleagues同事；C. staff 员工；D. members成员。结合下文可知，“我”告诉了“我”的学生们这件事，由此推断出“我”是在班级（class）内向他们提起了这件事，和他们分享了保洁员留给自己的便条。故选A。‎ ‎27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我提到我们的保洁工已经向我们道歉时，他们的第一反应是主动去找那些一年级的学生，并痛斥他们，因为他们让我们的保洁工去清理他们的垃圾。A. answer回答；B. reaction回应；C. decision决定；D. behavior行为。结合下文的 a strong reaction from many of the kids 可知，当“我”提到清洁员向我们道歉的便条和原因时，他们的第一个反应（reaction）是志愿找出那些把浴室弄脏的人。故选B。‎ ‎28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我提到我们的保洁工已经向我们道歉时，他们的第一反应是主动去找那些一年级的学生，并殴打他们，因为他们让我们的保洁工去清理他们的垃圾。A. room房间；B. desks课桌；C. mess脏乱的东西；D. chaos混乱。结合上文可知，一年级的学生们把浴室弄得非常脏，所以“我”的学生们觉得要让他们去打扫干净自己弄脏的东西（mess）。chaos 意为“混乱”，但是语气极强，指绝对的、令人无能为力或感到绝望的混乱状态，不符合文意。故选C。‎ ‎29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，几乎所有的学生都知道我们的保洁工的名字——他们都面带微笑，长时间地谈论着她在走廊上与他们打招呼的情景。A. talked 谈论；B. asked问；C. quarreled D. discussed。结合文意可知，同学们似乎很了解这位清洁员，所以谈论（talk about）了很久关于她的事。ask 意为“问”，quarrel 意为“争吵”，discuss 意为“辩论”，均不符合文意．故选A．‎ ‎30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，几乎所有的学生都知道我们的保洁工的名字——他们都面带微笑，长时间地谈论着她在走廊上与他们打招呼的情景。A. visited拜访；B. called呼叫；C. praised赞美；D. greeted问候。结合上文可知，这位清洁员人非常好，所以每次经过走廊的时候，她都会和学生们打招呼（greet）。故选D。‎ ‎31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她觉得自己需要道歉，这引起了很多孩子的强烈反应。A. made 制造；B. showed展示；C. earned引起，挣得；D. accepted接受。结合上文可知，学生们都很喜欢她，所以当听到她向我们道歉的时候，立刻引起（earn）了他们的打抱不平。故选C。‎ ‎32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当课快结束的时候，我让他们像我每节课一样检查地板，并感谢他们捡起了任何垃圾，即使不是他们的。A. sweep打扫；B. examine检查；C. check查看，核对；D. mop拖地。结合下文同学们捡起地上的垃圾可知，“我”要求他们查看（check）自己的地面有没有垃圾。故选C。‎ ‎33．考查从属连词辨析。句意：当课快结束的时候，我让他们像我每节课一样检查地板，并感谢他们捡起了任何垃圾，即使不是他们的。A. even if即使；B. only if只要；C. if only要是；D. if ever如果有过的话。“我”很感谢同学们能捡起所有的垃圾，即使（even if）那些并不是自己扔的。故选A。‎ ‎34．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的整个班级消失了;他们每个人都立刻消失在课桌下，去捡那些很容易从笔记本上掉落的烦人的小纸片。A. above在……之上；B. under 在……下面；C. beyond超过；D. across横穿。结合上文可知，同学们很快就钻到了桌子底下（under）去捡垃圾。故选B。‎ ‎35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的整个班级消失了;他们每个人都立刻消失在课桌下，去捡那些很容易从笔记本上掉落的烦人的小纸片。A. leave 离开；B. fall落下；C. fly飞行；D. miss错过。根据常识可以判断出，他们捡起地上的那些从笔记本里掉落的（fall）小纸片。故选B。‎ ‎36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个女孩做出评论，后来我在其他课上也用过。A. promise许诺；B. agreement同意；C. announcement公告；D. comment评论。结合下文小女孩写的内容可知，她对之前发生的事做了一个评论（comment）。故选D。‎ ‎37．考查介词词义辨析。句意：她的工作可能是打扫房间，但是她不需要随时都跟在我们后面替，我们处理乱扔的垃圾。A. after在……之后；B. before 在……之前；C. with和……一起；D. for为了。结合上文可知，“我”的其中一个学生是这样表述的：她的工作是打扫房间，但是她不需要随时都跟在我们后面（after）替我们处理乱扔的垃圾。clean after 意为“（跟在某人身后）为其清扫”，在文中有贬低、愤慨的意味；clean for sb．意为“为某人清扫”，看守人的工作就是应该为学生们清扫房间，这是对其工作的很正常的表达，不符合文中学生们为看守人愤愤不平的语境，排除D项；before 意为“在…之前”，with 意为“和…一起”，均不符合文意，排除B、C项。故选A。‎ ‎38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我相信，当别人真诚地照顾他们时，他们会很感激的。A. freely自由地；B. gently温柔地；C. hopefully充满希望地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据 I believe that people appreciate it 可知，“我”相信人们会感激那些真心（sincerely）关心自己的人。故选D。‎ ‎39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信，人们即使是尚未成熟的青少年，当他们看到有人以自己的工作为荣时，也会心存感激。A. advantage 优势；B. pride自豪；C. action行动；D. chance机会。A项，take advantage“利用”； B项，take pride“以…为傲”； C项，take action“采取行动”； D项，take chance“尝试一下”。人们会欣赏那些为自己的工作感到骄傲的人。take pride in 为固定搭配，意为“以…为傲”，符合文意。故选B。‎ ‎40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们需要一个提醒，提醒那些我们认为理所当然的事情……像一个好的保洁工来照顾我们。A. keeper看管人；B. caretaker看门；C. reminder提醒者；D. observer观察者。结合下文可知，我们需要像那位清洁工一样的提醒者（reminder），时时提醒我们不要把所有的事情都当成理所当然。故选C。‎ ‎41．were sent 42．safely 43．members 44．for 45．valuable 46．who/that 47．accuracy 48．Named ‎49．to provide 50．the ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了BeiDou-1, BeiDou-2,和BeiDou-3‎ 卫星导航系统的组成，重要作用，发展过程及对世界的影响。‎ ‎41．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：2018年11月19日凌晨2时07分，北斗导航卫星系统两颗新卫星由长征三号丙运载火箭从四川省西昌卫星发射中心发射升空。句子主语是“两颗新卫星”，是复数形式，且主语和send之间是一种被动关系，再根据文中提到的时间是过去时间，所以此空用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为were sent。‎ ‎42．考查词形转换。句意：这些卫星在3个多小时后安全进入中轨，并将与已经进入太空的另外17颗北斗3号卫星一起工作。此处enter是动词，有副词来修饰，故答案为safely。‎ ‎43．考查名词复数。句意：他们也是北斗卫星家族的第42和43个成员。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为members。‎ ‎44．考查介词。句意：中国发射这些卫星的目的是，到2018年底为参与“一带一路”建设的国家和地区提供导航服务。考查固定搭配：provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某事”，故答案为for。‎ ‎45．考查词形转换。句意：这是北斗从中国实验系统向区域乃至全球导航系统发展的关键和有价值的一步。此处step“步伐”，是名词，由形容词来修饰，故答案为valuable。‎ ‎46．考查定语从句。句意：为北斗系统做出巨大贡献的首席专家杨长峰说。此处Yang Changfeng是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。‎ ‎47．考查词形转换。句意：杨说，北斗-3系统的定位精度已提高到2.5米至5米。此处用名词作主语，故答案为accuracy。‎ ‎48．考查过去分词作时间状语。句意：北斗系统以北斗七星的中文名称命名之后，已经为中国服务了18年，2019年至2020年，另有6颗北斗3号卫星将被送入中轨。此处句子主语the BeiDou system和name之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作时间状语，故答案为Named。‎ ‎49．考查固定搭配。句意：预计到2020年底，该系统将在全球范围内提供一流的服务。固定搭配：expect sb. to do sth.“期盼某人做某事”，此处是被动语态，故答案为to provide。‎ ‎50．考查固定用法。句意：预计到2020年底，该系统将在全球范围内提供一流的服务。此处是固定用法，故答案为the。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第6小题中先行词为名词Yang Changfeng，指人，再分析先行词Yang Changfeng在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词Yang Changfeng带到从句中可知，只能作主语，故确定关系词为who/that。‎ ‎51．1. Facing改为Faced或去掉with 2. how改为what 3. was改为is 4. exercises改为exercise ‎5. great前加a 6. very改为so 7. See改为Seeing 8. 去掉on 9. certainly改为certain 10. it改为them ‎【解析】 【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章作者通过自己攀登泰山的经历说明如果你有足够的决心，你一定会战胜挑战。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 第一处：把It改为As.‎ 第二处：考查非谓语动词。face当面对讲时，是及物动词，“我们”和“面对”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以Facing改为Faced或去掉with。‎ 第三处：考查代词。句意：面对挑战，我们应该做什么。作do的宾语，用what，how改为what。‎ 第四处：考查时态。泰山海拔1500米高，这是一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，所以was改为is。‎ 第五处：考查名词单复数。句意：由于缺乏锻炼，我认为这项活动对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。exercise泛指“锻炼”时，是不可数名词，所以exercises改为exercise。‎ 第六处：考查冠词。句意：由于缺乏锻炼，我认为这项活动对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。题干中泛指“一个巨大的挑战”，great的首字母发音是辅音，所以用不定冠词a，great前加a。‎ 第七处：考查固定句型。句意：半路，我感觉非常疲惫，以至于我想要放弃。So…that太…以至于，该句型是固定句型，所以very改为so。‎ 第八处：考查非谓语动词。See的逻辑主语是my classmates，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语，所以See改为Seeing。‎ 第九处：考查动词。句意：最后，我成功地到达了山顶。Reach是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，所以去掉on。‎ 第十处：考查形容词。这里作is后的表语，用形容词，所以certainly改为certain。‎ ‎52．My Life in the Future To be honest, I have great hopes for my future and I’d like to share my ideal life in ten years with you.‎ It’s probable that I will live in Guangzhou, one of my favorite cities, because I prefer the warm and mild climate and I’m also eager for the fast-paced life there. I have a dream that a good many people will live in the apartments designed by me in the future, as a result, architecture must be my major and I’m likely to be an architect then. Besides, I will be leading a happy and harmonious life. Certainly it will be a great pleasure to get around the world with my family members.‎ The beautiful future life is just around the corner, we should spare no effort to make our dreams come true.‎