【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解主旨要义类型试题解题指导学案（78页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解主旨要义类型试题解题指导学案（78页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解主旨要义类型试题解题指导学案 ‎【考情探究】‎ 考点 考向 考情分析 预测热度 考频统计 考查目标 ‎2018.11‎ ‎2018.6‎ ‎2017.11‎ ‎2017.6‎ ‎2016.10‎ 阅读理解 主旨要义 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ 考纲要求考生能够理解文章或某段落的主要内容,能归纳文章要点,概括中心思想 ‎★★★‎ 分析解读　　1.主旨要义题主要考查考生理解文章或特定的段落并概括大意的能力。它不仅考查考生的文章理解能力,也考查考生在理解文字的基础上的归纳、概括能力。‎ ‎2.主旨要义题有两个设题方向:归纳主旨和提炼最佳标题。‎ ‎3.主旨要义题目考查比较稳定,每年都会考到1—2题。‎ 过专题 ‎【五年高考】‎ A组　2018年全国高考题组 Passage 1(2018浙江6月,B)词数:279‎ Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.‎ Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.‎ Among the bag makers’ arguments:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.‎ The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement:reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.‎ Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑)these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.‎ ‎1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?‎ A.Help increase grocery sales.‎ B.Recycle the waste material.‎ C.Stop things falling off trucks.‎ D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.‎ ‎2.What does the word“headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A.Bans on plastic bags.‎ B.Effects of city development.‎ C.Headaches caused by garbage.‎ D.Plastic bags hung in trees.‎ ‎3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?‎ A.They are quite expensive.‎ B.Replacing them can be difficult.‎ C.They are less strong than plastic bags.‎ D.Producing them requires more energy.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.Plastic, Paper or Neither B.Industry, Pollution and Environment C.Recycle or Throw Away D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.A ‎3.D ‎4.A Passage 2(2018课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:264‎ Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.‎ In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.‎ ‎“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份),‎ ‎ but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”‎ The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money:Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.‎ With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.‎ ‎1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?‎ A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.‎ B.She has started a new programme.‎ C.She dislikes working early in the morning.‎ D.She has had a tight budget for her family.‎ ‎2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?‎ A.He buys cooking materials for her.‎ B.He prepares food for her kids.‎ C.He assists her in cooking matters.‎ D.He invites guest families for her.‎ ‎3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?‎ A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.‎ B.Provide some advice for the readers.‎ C.Add some background information.‎ D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.‎ ‎4.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B.Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D.Cooking Well for Less 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.C ‎3.C ‎4.D Passage 3(2018课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:294‎ Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.‎ While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.‎ According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they ‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”‎ The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.‎ When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.‎ The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased ‎ for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.‎ As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近)ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.‎ ‎1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?‎ A.Children’s reading habits.‎ B.Quality of children’s books.‎ C.Children’s after-class activities.‎ D.Parent-child relationships.‎ ‎2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?‎ A.In paragraph 2.‎ B.In paragraph 3.‎ C.In paragraph 4.‎ D.In paragraph 5.‎ ‎3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?‎ A.E-books are of poor quality.‎ B.It could be a waste of time.‎ C.It may harm children’s health.‎ D.E-readers are expensive.‎ ‎4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?‎ A.Act as role models for them.‎ B.Ask them to write book reports.‎ C.Set up reading groups for them.‎ D.Talk with their reading class teachers.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.B ‎3.C ‎4.A Passage 4(2018课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:312‎ We’ve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.‎ What’s the problem?It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”‎ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”‎ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes ‎ developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.‎ ‎ 1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?‎ A.Addiction to smartphones.‎ B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.‎ C.Absence of communication between strangers.‎ D.Impatience with slow service.‎ ‎2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?‎ A.Showing good manners.‎ B.Relating to other people.‎ C.Focusing on a topic.‎ D.Making business deals.‎ ‎3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?‎ A.It improves family relationships.‎ B.It raises people’s confidence.‎ C.It matters as much as a formal talk.‎ D.It makes people feel good.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.Conversation Counts B.Ways of Making Small Talk C.Benefits of Small Talk D.Uncomfortable Silence 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.D ‎4.C Passage 5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:312‎ Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.‎ Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.‎ But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.‎ ‎1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?‎ A.Its business culture.‎ B.Its small population.‎ C.Its geographical position.‎ D.Its favourable climate.‎ ‎2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?‎ A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.‎ B.One out of five people got rich.‎ C.Almost everyone gave up.‎ D.Half of them died.‎ ‎3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?‎ A.They found the city too crowded.‎ B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.‎ C.They were unable to stand the winter.‎ D.They were short of food.‎ ‎4.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.The rise and fall of a city.‎ B.The gold rush in Canada.‎ C.Journeys into the wilderness.‎ D.Tourism in Dawson.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.B ‎4.A Passage 6(2018北京,A)词数:319‎ My First Marathon(马拉松)‎ A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.‎ I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was“not athletic”.‎ The idea that I was “not athletic”stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!‎ The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.‎ Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!‎ At mile 3, I passed a sign:“GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”‎ By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.‎ By mile 21, I was starving!‎ As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.‎ I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.‎ Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.‎ ‎1.A month before the marathon, the author 　　　. ‎ A.was well trained B.felt scared C.made up his mind to run D.lost hope ‎2.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?‎ A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.‎ B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.‎ C.To show he was not talented in sports.‎ D.To share a precious memory.‎ ‎3.How was the author’s first marathon?‎ A.He made it.　　　B.He quit halfway.‎ C.He got the first prize.　　　D.He walked to the end.‎ ‎4.What does the story mainly tell us?‎ A.A man owes his success to his family support.‎ B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.‎ C.Failure is the mother of success.‎ D.One is never too old to learn.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.C ‎3.A ‎4.B Passage 7(2018天津,C)词数:365‎ There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.‎ Food production With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of food ‎ that are“exactly the same,”freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.‎ Sustainability(可持续性)‎ The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.‎ Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”‎ Challenges Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.‎ ‎1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?‎ A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.‎ B.It saves time and effort in cooking.‎ C.It improves the cooking conditions.‎ D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.‎ ‎2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?‎ A.It solves food shortages easily.‎ B.It quickens the transportation of food.‎ C.It needs no space for the storage of food.‎ D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.‎ ‎3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food　　　. ‎ A.is more available to consumers B.can meet individual nutritional needs C.is more tasty than food in supermarkets D.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials ‎4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?‎ A.The printing process is complicated.‎ B.3D food printers are too expensive.‎ C.Food materials have to be dry.‎ D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.‎ ‎5.What could be the best title of the passage?‎ A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New Technology B.A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C.The Challenges for 3D Food Production D.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.D ‎3.B ‎4.C ‎5.A Passage 8(2018江苏,B)‎ In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.‎ Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat:diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.‎ Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had:those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert. ‎ Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round:put on some Mozart(莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect:diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.‎ Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad”tables, crowding, high prices—don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door, say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’tables,”given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased ‎ a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.‎ ‎1.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were 　　　. ‎ A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to share food with others C.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided ‎2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?‎ A.Playing classical music.‎ B.Introducing lemon scent.‎ C.Making the light brighter.‎ D.Using plates of larger size.‎ ‎3.What does the last paragraph talk about?‎ A.Tips to attract more customers.‎ B.Problems restaurants are faced with.‎ C.Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation.‎ D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.A ‎3.D B组　2014—2017年全国高考题组 Unit 1‎ Passage 1(2017浙江6月,A)词数:326‎ Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. ‎ In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ ‎1.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.‎ B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.‎ C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.‎ D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?‎ A.The cat would be closely watched.‎ B.The cat would get some medical care.‎ C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?‎ A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B.He provided him with painting materials.‎ C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D.He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to 　　　. ‎ A.master the use of paints B.appreciate landscape paintings C.get to know other painters D.make up his mind to be a painter 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.D ‎3.B ‎4.D Passage 2(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324‎ The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.‎ Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝)and inactive. ‎ Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.‎ These include custom-made navigation(导航)tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”‎ ‎“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”‎ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains:“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”‎ ‎“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”‎ ‎“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案)to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”‎ ‎1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?‎ A.To explore new means of transport.‎ B.To design new types of cars.‎ C.To find out older drivers’ problems.‎ D.To teach people traffic rules.‎ ‎2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?‎ A.It keeps them independent.‎ B.It helps them save time.‎ C.It builds up their strength.‎ D.It cures their mental illnesses.‎ ‎3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?‎ A.Improve their driving skills.‎ B.Develop driver-assist technologies.‎ C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.‎ D.Organize regular physical checkups.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.A New Model Electric Car B.A Solution to Traffic Problems C.Driving Services for Elders D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.B ‎4.D Passage 3(2017北京,C)词数:358‎ Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.‎ The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.‎ But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.‎ That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.‎ The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.‎ Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.‎ Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.‎ Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.‎ ‎1.The first two paragraphs suggest that　　　. ‎ A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D.information about measles spreads quickly ‎2.Herd immunity works well when　　　. ‎ A.exemptions are allowed B.several vaccines are used together C.the whole neighborhood is involved in D.new regulations are added to the state laws ‎3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?‎ A.The overuse of vaccine.‎ B.The lack of medical care.‎ C.The features of measles itself.‎ D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.‎ ‎4.What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A.To introduce the idea of exemption.‎ B.To discuss methods to cure measles.‎ C.To stress the importance of vaccination.‎ D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.C Passage 4(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:325‎ Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ A.To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B.To protect cultural diversity.‎ C.To encourage people to study music.‎ D.To recognize the value of jazz.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A.Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B.The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C.Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D.The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ ‎3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?‎ A.It will disappear gradually.‎ B.It remains black and white.‎ C.It should keep up with the times.‎ D.It changes every 50 years.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.Exploring the Future of Jazz B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz C.The Story of a Jazz Musician D.Celebrating the Jazz Day 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.C ‎4.A Unit 2‎ Passage 1(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:332‎ The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; ‎ therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ ‎1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A.It implies anger.　　　B.It promotes friendship.‎ C.It is culture-specific.　　　D.It is content-based.‎ ‎2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A.The Chinese.　　　B.The French.‎ C.The Mexicans.　　　D.The Russians.‎ ‎3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B.Break it while treating patients.‎ C.Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D.Make use of its healing effects.‎ ‎4.What may be the best title for the text?‎ A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.D ‎4.B Passage 2(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:254‎ Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real”and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.‎ ‎1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?‎ A.To explain what they are.‎ B.To introduce BookCrossing.‎ C.To stress the importance of reading.‎ D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A.The book.‎ B.An adventure.‎ C.A public place.‎ D.The identification number.‎ ‎3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?‎ A.Meet other readers to discuss it.‎ B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.‎ C.Pass it on to another reader.‎ D.Mail it back to its owner.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour B.Electronic Books:A New Trend C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D.A Website Links People through Books 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.D Passage 3(2016四川,D)词数:255‎ A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk　　　. ‎ A.started sleep more easily　　　B.were more anxious C.were less active　　　D.woke up later ‎2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ A.It’s been tested on mice for ten times.‎ B.It can make people more energetic.‎ C.It exists in milk in great amount.‎ D.It’s used in sleeping drugs.‎ ‎3.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Night Milk and Sleep　　　B.Fat, Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice　　　D.Milk Drinking and Health ‎4.How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A.By giving examples.‎ B.By stating arguments.‎ C.By explaining statistical data.‎ D.By providing research results.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.D ‎3.A ‎4.D Passage 4(2016北京,C)词数:359‎ California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒)nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.‎ Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死)if they touch two lines at once.‎ So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.‎ Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾)failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.‎ Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”‎ ‎1.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they　　　. ‎ A.are active at night B.had to be bred in the wild C.are found only in California D.almost died out in the 1980s ‎2.Researchers have found electrical lines are　　　. ‎ A.blocking condors’ journey home B.big killers of California condors C.rest places for condors at night D.used to keep condors away ‎3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning　　　. ‎ A.makes condors too nervous to fly B.has little effect on condors’ kidneys C.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood D.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds ‎4.This passage shows that　　　. ‎ A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C.the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.B ‎3.D ‎4.C Unit 3‎ Passage 1(2016天津,D)词数:385‎ Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ We experience this tiredness in two ways:as start-up fatigue(疲惫)and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.‎ Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:always handle the most difficult job first.‎ Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works.‎ Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take over.‎ When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.‎ One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.‎ An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.‎ Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.‎ ‎1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to　　　. ‎ A.delay tasks　　　B.work hard C.seek help　　　D.accept failure ‎2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?‎ A.Writing essays in strict order.‎ B.Building up physical strength.‎ C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.‎ D.Dealing with the hardest task first.‎ ‎3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?‎ A.Before starting a difficult task.‎ B.When all the solutions fail.‎ C.If the job is rather boring.‎ D.After finding a way out.‎ ‎4.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us　　　. ‎ A.ignore mental problems　　　B.get some nice sleep C.gain complete relief　　　D.find the right solution ‎5.What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A.Success Is Built upon Failure B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue C.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to Success D.Fatigue:An Early Sign of Health Problems 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.D ‎3.B ‎4.D ‎5.C Passage 2(2016江苏,D)词数:720‎ Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future. However, one person wanted to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaica’s Olympic trials in early 2008, Shelly-Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).‎ ‎“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth fastest time ever.‎ Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up ‎ in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann’s friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.‎ It didn’t take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.‎ But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.  ‎ As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions aren’t made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.‎ ‎1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?‎ A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.‎ B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.‎ C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.‎ D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.‎ ‎2.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?‎ A.She would become a promising star.‎ B.She badly needed to set higher goals.‎ C.Her sprinting career would not last long.‎ D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.‎ ‎3.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?‎ A.Her success and lessons in her career.‎ B.Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.‎ C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.‎ D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.‎ ‎4.What can we infer from Shelly-Ann’s statement underlined in Paragraph 5?‎ A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.‎ B.She was eager to do more for her country.‎ C.She became an athletic star in her country.‎ D.She was the envy of the whole community.‎ ‎5.By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that 　　　. ‎ A.players should be highly inspired by coaches B.great athletes need to concentrate on patience C.hard work is necessary in one’s achievements D.motivation allows great athletes to be on the top ‎6.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Making of a Great Athlete B.The Dream for Championship C.The Key to High Performance D.The Power of Full Responsibility 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.C ‎3.C ‎4.B ‎5.D ‎6.A Passage 3(2015课标Ⅱ,B)词数:304‎ Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.‎ Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.‎ Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.‎ Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner ‎ last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.‎ Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.‎ ‎1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about　　　. ‎ A.their home comforts　　　B.their body shape C.house buying　　　D.healthy diets ‎2.A home environment in blue can help people　　　. ‎ A.digest food better　　　B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories　　　D.regain their appetites ‎3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?‎ A.Eat quickly.　　　B.Play fast music.‎ C.Use smaller spoons.　　　D.Turn down the lights.‎ ‎4.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Is Your House Making You Fat?‎ B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.B ‎3.C ‎4.A Passage 4(2015安徽,B)词数:275‎ When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one person.Then she easily broke it into two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks together,representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.‎ Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.However,when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,they didn’t have much money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they joined Danny’s mother,Diana,who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards,Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant.The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young.However,Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.‎ Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves,but one by one,the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other,they worked together to make the business successful.Daughter Elizabeth explains,“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.”‎ Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996,with three generations of Ans working together.Now the Ans’ corporation makes more than $20 million each year.Although they began with a small restaurant,they had big dreams,and they worked together.Now they are a big success.‎ ‎1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show　　　. ‎ A.the strength of family unity B.the difficulty of growing up C.the advantage of chopsticks D.the best way of giving a lesson ‎2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family　　　. ‎ A.started a business in 1975‎ B.left Vietnam without much money C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles ‎3.What can we infer about the An daughters?‎ A.They did not finish their college education.‎ B.They could not bear to work in the family business.‎ C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.‎ D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A.How to Run a Corporation B.Strength Comes from Peace C.How to Achieve a Big Dream D.Family Unity Builds Success 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.B ‎3.C ‎4.D Unit 4‎ Passage 1(2015安徽,E)词数:270‎ Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning,and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.‎ Sharing bread,whether during a special occasion(时刻)or at the family dinner table,is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread,so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States,pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺)in the New Year.In Greece,people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake,which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food can play a significant role.In China,when a baby is one month old,families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures,round foods such as grapes,bread,and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ Nutrition is necessary for life,so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, sharing bread　　　. ‎ A.indicates a lack of food B.can help to develop unity C.is a custom unique to rural areas D.has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎2.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A.Trust.　　　　　B.Success.　　　　　C.Health.　　　　　D.Togetherness.‎ ‎3.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by　　　. ‎ A.using examples　　　B.making comparisons C.analyzing causes　　　D.describing processes ‎4.What is the passage mainly about?‎ A.The custom of sharing food.‎ B.The specific meaning of food.‎ C.The role of food in ceremonies.‎ D.The importance of food in culture.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.B ‎3.A ‎4.D Passage 2(2015天津,B)词数:293‎ Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.‎ While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.‎ The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions;it responds based on what it learns ‎ about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.‎ Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.‎ Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company’s“Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a store,which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.‎ The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal.‎ ‎1.How are social robots different from household robots?‎ A.They can control their emotions.‎ B.They are more like humans.‎ C.They do the normal housework.‎ D.They respond to users more slowly.‎ ‎2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?‎ A.Communicate with you and perform operations.‎ B.Answer your questions and make requests.‎ C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.‎ D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.‎ ‎3.What can Oshbot work as?‎ A.A language teacher.　　　B.A tour guide.‎ C.A shop assistant.　　　D.A private nurse.‎ ‎4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will　　　. ‎ A.train employees B.be our workmates C.improve technologies D.take the place of workers ‎5.What does the passage mainly present?‎ A.A new design idea of household robots.‎ B.Marketing strategies for social robots.‎ C.Information on household robots.‎ D.An introduction to social robots.‎ 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.D ‎3.C ‎4.B ‎5.D Passage 3(2015天津,C)词数:369‎ One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.‎ In the library,I found my way into the“Children’s Room”.I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.‎ There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的)to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read ‎ the title.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the library for the summer.‎ Under the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog who,like mine,had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog,and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind,running together.‎ My mother’s call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something:I had read a book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.‎ I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer,but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.‎ ‎1.The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to　　　. ‎ A.encourage him to do more walking B.let him spend a meaningful summer C.help cure him of his reading problem D.make him learn more about weapons ‎2.The book caught the author’s eye because　　　. ‎ A.it contained pretty pictures of animals B.it reminded him of his own dog C.he found its title easy to understand D.he liked children’s stories very much ‎3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?‎ A.He was forced by his mother to read it.‎ B.He identified with the story in the book.‎ C.The book told the story of his pet dog.‎ D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.‎ ‎4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A.The author has become a successful writer.‎ B.The author’s mother read the same book.‎ C.The author’s mother rewarded him with books.‎ D.The author has had happy summers ever since.‎ ‎5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?‎ A.The Charm of a Book　　　B.Mum’s Strict Order C.Reunion with My Beagle　　　D.My Passion for Reading 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.B ‎4.A ‎5.A Passage 4(2015浙江,C)词数:466‎ If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night:We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.‎ The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design,which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life,including ourselves,have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world,some aspect of life is affected.‎ In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience,beyond memory almost.‎ We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country,when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone,the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force,and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁).The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night,birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.‎ Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal,throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint,including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures,we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare,to our internal clockwork,as light itself.‎ Living in a glare of our own making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the lightof the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense,light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe,to forget the scale of our being,which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.‎ ‎1.According to the passage,human beings　　　. ‎ A.prefer to live in the darkness B.are used to living in the day light C.were curious about the midnight world D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon ‎2.What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to?‎ A.The night.　　　B.The moon.‎ C.The sky.　　　D.The planet.‎ ‎3.The writer mentions birds and frogs to　　　. ‎ A.provide examples of animal protection B.show how light pollution affects animals C.compare the living habits of both species D.explain why the number of certain species has declined ‎4.It is implied in the last paragraph that　　　. ‎ A.light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C.human beings cannot go to the outer space D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe ‎5.What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Magic Light B.The Orange Haze C.The Disappearing Night D.The Rhythms of Nature 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.A ‎3.B ‎4.D ‎5.C Unit 5‎ Passage 1(2014课标Ⅱ,A)词数:269‎ Arriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.‎ ‎ During the first week of his stay,he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers,including his passport.‎ ‎ He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.‎ ‎ Late in the evening,the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.‎ ‎ My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out,although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.‎ That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.‎ ‎1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?‎ A.Go shopping.　　　B.Find a house.‎ C.Join his family.　　　D.Take a vacation.‎ ‎2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from　　　. ‎ A.a friend of his family　　　B.a Sydney policeman C.a letter in his papers 　　　D.a stranger in Sydney ‎3.What does the underlined word “restored”in the last paragraph mean?‎ A.Showed.　　　B.Sent out.‎ C.Delivered.　　　D.Gave back.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A.From India to Australia　　　B.Living in a New Country C.Turning Trash to Treasure　　　D.In Search of New Friends 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.C ‎3.D ‎4.C Passage 2(2014山东,D)词数:282‎ How fit are your teeth?Are you lazy about brushing them?Never fear:An inventor is on the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it lets you track your performance on your phone.‎ The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.‎ The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right(Don’t forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure you’re brushing long enough.“It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”says Thomas Serval,the French inventor.‎ The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so developers could,for instance,create a game controlled by you r toothbrush.You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth.“We try to make it smart but also fun,”Serval says.‎ Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said “yes”,but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.‎ The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer,for $99 to $199,depending on features.The U.S.is the first target market.‎ Serval says that one day,it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.‎ ‎1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?‎ A.It can sense how users brush their teeth.‎ B.It can track users’ school performance.‎ C.It can detect users’ fear of seeing a dentist.‎ D.It can help users find their phones.‎ ‎2.What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3?‎ A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.‎ B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.‎ C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.‎ D.You’d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.‎ ‎3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?‎ A.It can be used to update mobile phones.‎ B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.‎ C.It can send messages to other users.‎ D.It can talk to its developers.‎ ‎4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?‎ A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.‎ B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.‎ C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.‎ D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.‎ ‎5.What can we infer about Serval’s children?‎ A.They were unwilling to brush their teeth.‎ B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.‎ C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.‎ D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.‎ ‎6.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?‎ A.The brush handle will be removed.‎ B.A mobile phone will be built into it.‎ C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth.‎ D.It will be able to check users’ teeth.‎ 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.B ‎4.D ‎5.A ‎6.D Passage 3(2014江西,C)词数:319‎ Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page,not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.‎ With existing medical knowledge and skills,two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately,rich countries possess most of this knowledge,while developing countries do not.‎ ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC—8 aircraft,there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作)among countries.‎ ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses,who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China,ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.‎ For just US $38,you can help one person see;for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people;$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills;and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.‎ ‎1.The first paragraph is intended to　　　. ‎ A.introduce a new way of reading B.advise the public to lead a simple life C.direct the public’s attention to the blind D.encourage the public to use imagination ‎2.What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?‎ A.They are adequate.‎ B.They have not been updated.‎ C.They are not equally distributed.‎ D.They have benefited most of the blind.‎ ‎3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by　　　. ‎ A.teaching medical students B.training doctors and nurses C.running flying hospitals globally D.setting up non-profit organizations ‎4.What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?‎ A.Appeal for donations.‎ B.Make an advertisement.‎ C.Promote training programs.‎ D.Show sympathy for the blind.‎ ‎5.What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A.ORBIS in China　　　B.Fighting Blindness C.ORBIS Flying Hospital　　　D.Sight-saving Techniques 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.C ‎3.B ‎4.A ‎5.C Passage 4(2014湖北,B)词数:381‎ London’s newest skyscraper(摩天大楼)is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres,it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the ‎ appearance of London.However,not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.‎ The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London,Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire(尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren’t regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name:the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts(桅杆)of the ships that were once on the river Thames.‎ The Shard has 87 floors.At the top,there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty,but eventually there will be a five-star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants,apartments and offices.‎ Before building work began,a lot of people didn’t want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York,but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration,only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.‎ Other critics don’t like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.‎ The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain,however,that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.‎ ‎1.London’s newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of　　　. ‎ A.its size　　　　　B.its cost　　　　　C.its shape　　　　　D.its height ‎2.When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to　　　. ‎ A.change London’s skyline　　　B.inherit London’s tradition C.imitate the Egyptian style　　　D.attract potential visitors ‎3.The critics who refer to social division think the Shard　　　. ‎ A.is only preferred by the rich B.is far away from the poor area C.is intended for wealthy people D.is popular only with Londoners ‎4.Which would be the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Shard:Cheers and Claps B.The Shard:Work of a Great Architect C.The Shard:New Symbol of London?‎ D.The Shard:A Change for the Better?‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.C ‎4.D ‎ ‎ ‎【三年模拟】‎ A组　2017—2019年模拟·基础题组 Passage 1(2019浙江名校协作体,C)‎ Mrs Smith trembled with excitement when she was told her fortune.“Somebody is coming home to you,”Mrs Gray said slowly. “He’s carrying a rifle on his back and he’s almost there.”‎ Mrs Smith felt as if she could hardly breathe.“And there he is!”Mrs Gray cried, pointing to the road. They all rushed to the door to look.‎ A man in a blue coat, with a gun on his back, was walking down the road toward the Smith Farm. His face was hidden by a large pack on his back.‎ Laughing and crying, Mrs Smith grabbed her hat and her children and ran out of Mrs Gray’s house. She hurried down the road after him, calling his name and pulling her children along with her. But the soldier was too far away for her voice to reach him.‎ When she got back to their farm, she saw the man standing by the fence. He was looking at the little house and the field of yellow wheat. The sun was almost touching the hills in the west. The cowbells rang softly as the animals moved toward the barn(畜棚).‎ ‎“How peaceful it all is!”Private Smith thought.“How far away from the battles, the hospitals, the wounded and the dead!My little farm is in Wisconsin. How could I have left it for those years of killing and suffering?”‎ Trembling and weak with emotion, Mrs Smith hurried up to her husband. Her feet made no sound on the grass, but he turned suddenly to face her. For the rest of his life, he would never forget her face at that moment. ‎ ‎“Emma!”he cried.‎ The children stood back watching their mother kissing this strange man. He saw them, and kneeling down, he pulled three huge red apples from his pack. In a moment, all three children were in their father’s arms. Together, the family entered the little unpainted farmhouse.‎ Later that evening, after supper, Mr Smith and his wife went outside. The moon was bright, above the eastern hills. Sweet, peaceful stars filled the sky as the night birds sang softly, and tiny insects buzzed in the soft air.‎ His farm needed work. His children needed clothing. He was no longer young and strong. But he began to plan for the next year. With the same courage he had faced the war, Private Smith faced his difficult future.‎ ‎1.Why could Mrs Smith hardly breathe when told her fortune?‎ A.She had a sudden heart attack and almost lost consciousness.‎ B.She was shocked by the scene of a man with a rifle on his back.‎ C.She was overjoyed on hearing the return of her husband.‎ D.She ran out of the house too fast to catch her breath.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 suggest?‎ A.The moment expected for years would be a life-long memory.‎ B.He had almost forgotten her face after those years’ suffering.‎ C.He was shocked by the excitement written on her face.‎ D.He was afraid to be apart from her again.‎ ‎3.What’s Private Smith’s attitude towards the future life?‎ A.Skeptical.　　　B.Confused.‎ C.Hopeful.　　　D.Concerned.‎ ‎4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?‎ A.An Unexpected Visitor B.Husband and Wife C.The Return of a Private D.The Smiths 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.C ‎4.C Passage 2(2019浙江鄞高返校考,B)‎ Girls who lack confidence in school have a new champion. She is only 10 years old. Alice Tapper, a fifth-grader, says that her goal is to encourage girls of all ages to “be more confident in raising their hands”. Alice cared so much about the issue(问题)that she helped create a Girl Scout badge(徽章).‎ The pink badge—Alice chose her favorite color—shows three hands reaching for the sky. It says, “Be brave. Raise your hand.”‎ Alice’s idea came during a fourth-grade field trip to Jamestown, Virginia. She found that boys raised their hands to answer questions even though they weren’t sure of the answers. The girls just listened quietly.‎ ‎“Girls are afraid to raise their hands because they get shy. They have to be 90 percent sure, while boys just raise their hands and say,‘I know it,’,” Alice said during a recent interview. She added that girls should have confidence, step up, and become leaders by raising their hands for women are equal to men.‎ Alice’s “Raise Your Hand” badge has become wildly popular, not just in the United States. “People in Japan and China want to use the badge,” she said. “We sold out the badge quickly, but we’re making more.”‎ Alice wants to be a teacher when she grows up. But first, she wants to see a revolution in confidence for girls of all ages. She knows that won’t happen overnight. “It takes time,” Alice said, “but I can speed up the process.”‎ ‎1.Why does Alice advise other girls to raise their hands?‎ A.To get high scores.‎ B.To become champions.‎ C.To show their confidence.‎ D.To question what teachers say.‎ ‎2.What made Alice create the Girl Scout badge?‎ A.Boy classmates’ encouragement.‎ B.An experience to Jamestown.‎ C.Other girls’ requirements.‎ D.Her teachers’ support.‎ ‎3.What is Alice’s attitude to the revolution in confidence for girls?‎ A.Unclear.　　　B.Unsure.‎ C.Disappointed.　　　D.Positive.‎ ‎4.What’s the best title for the text?‎ A.A Girl Scout badge B.Girls’ rights C.Confidence is the key to success D.Success can’t be achieved overnight 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.D ‎4.A Passage 3(2018浙江温州十校联合体10月联考,A)‎ The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as America’s first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the father of his country.‎ The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of “the Declaration of Independence” in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation’s founding fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.‎ Another of America’s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.‎ The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never elected president. But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the founding fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.‎ Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy(民主)and individual liberty(自由). His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.‎ Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.‎ So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the founding fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, and diplomat.‎ ‎1.The design of the bills shows that Americans value their people’s 　　　. ‎ A.talents in many ways ‎ B.success in their jobs ‎ C.inventions in new fields D.contributions to the country ‎2.For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation’s 　　　. ‎ A.richness and power B.independence and people’s rights C.peace and success ‎ D.pride and glory ‎3.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?‎ A.Men on the Money ‎ B.The Design of the US Bills C.History on the Money ‎ D.The Story of the US Bills 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.B ‎3.A Passage 4(2018浙江五校联考,C)‎ It used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan—a character from James Matthew Barrie’s book—said, “All children, except one, grow up.”‎ But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore. ‎ According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials—people born between the 1980s and 2000s.‎ ‎“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.‎ According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasure brought by toys than those brought by getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve.‎ ‎“It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.‎ Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing. “The fact that so many adults are pursuing the thrills of youth is the evidence that adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore,” Professor Frank Furendi told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”‎ But scientists are probably just worrying too much. According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality.‎ ‎“It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”‎ So now that over 100 years has passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tag line of the UK fashion brand KIDULT:“Growing old is mandatory, but growing up is optional.”‎ ‎1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply?‎ A.Something old is not suitable for a new world.‎ B.Many adults still have some childlike features.‎ C.All children grow up as they become adults.‎ D.It’s difficult for some children to grow up in today’s world.‎ ‎2.Which of the following statements is true?‎ A.Frederique Tutt believes that some adults enjoy playing with children’s toys to escape the stress.‎ B.Rob Willner believes that the pleasure brought by toys is easier to achieve.‎ C.Frank Furendi believes that the thrill of youth does not attract adults.‎ D.Todd McFarlane is worrying too much about collecting toys.‎ ‎3.What is the writer’s attitude towards the trend of growing kidults?‎ A.Supportive.　　　B.Doubtful.‎ C.Critical.　　　D.Indifferent.‎ ‎4.What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A.Growing old or growing up B.Toy sales on the rise C.Staying young forever D.Kidults in fashion again 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.A ‎3.A ‎4.C Passage 5(2017浙江绿色评价联盟11月联考,C)‎ Do animals have emotions? Of course they do. Just look at their faces, tails and bodies. What we see on the outside tells us a lot about what’s happening inside their heads and hearts. Animal emotions aren’t all that mysterious. Then how can we measure animals’ emotions?A new study of animals’ emotions suggests that, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol University’s professor Mike Mendl was published online.‎ An animal living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者)will develop a negative emotion or “mood”,such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood.‎ The researchers say that these emotional states not only show the animal’s experiences, but they also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood will make a “pessimistic” response to an unclear event. For example, it considers a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood will benefit from a more “optimistic” response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(猎物).‎ Professor Mike Mendl, the head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol University’s School of Clinical Veterinary Science said,“We can use‘optimistic’ or ‘pessimistic’ decision-making as a symbol of an animal’s emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a new approach to studying a variety of animal species.”‎ ‎“Public interest in animal welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society.‎ ‎ To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives!”Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendl’s study can help them to better understand and assess an animal’s emotions.‎ ‎1.The animal seems more likely to feel anxious if　　　　. ‎ A.it is left in an unclear and strange environment B.it hears a sudden noise from the grass nearby C.its survival benefits from the resources available around D.it is often attacked by some larger animals or hunters ‎2.We can infer from the passage that　　　　. ‎ A.pessimistic emotional state is harmful for animals’ survival B.assessing animals’ emotional state is no easy task for scientists C.environment has an influence on animals’ emotional state D.people show great concern for animals’ emotional lives ‎3.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?‎ A.Approaches to Measuring Animals’ Emotions B.Emotions Guide Animals to Make Choices C.Symbols of Animals’ Emotional States D.Living Environment of Wild Animals 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.C ‎3.B B组　2017—2019年模拟·综合题组 Passage 1(2019浙江五校,B)‎ Japan has made a lot of noise in recent years about removing the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work. So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University(TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.‎ Their defence was that women are more likely to drop out to marry and have children. To judge female applicants to medical school purely on their academic performance would leave Japan with a shortage of doctors, they said. The admission has caused outrage.‎ ‎“Doctoring has long been a male field. But it is not the only one. Discrimination is common in banks and trading firms, where stamina(耐力)and loyalty, qualities somehow associated with men, are prized,” says Mari Miura, a political scientist at Sophia University. All this embarrasses a government that has promised to make women “shine”. The policy seems based on the need for more workers rather than on genuine concern for women.‎ Shinzo Abe, the prime minister, says he wants to bring millions more women into the workforce to make up for a labour shortfall caused by its ageing and declining population. In the field of politics, the record under Mr. Abe’s premiership(首相任期)is disappointing. Just two members of his 20-strong cabinet are women, including Seiko Noda, in charge of women’s rights. Ms. Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest next month, has just published a book called “Grab the Future”, her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with “global standards”. She has almost no chance of winning.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, what has aroused the public’s shock and rage in Japan?‎ A.Women being more likely to drop out of school to marry and have children.‎ B.TMU judging female applicants to medical school merely on their test score.‎ C.TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.‎ D.Japan tending to abandon the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.‎ ‎2.What do we know about Seiko Noda?‎ A.She is quite likely to win the leadership contest.‎ B.She never fails to show her ambition in public.‎ C.She is the only female member in Abe’s cabinet.‎ D.Her newly released book “Grab the Future” is a big hit.‎ ‎3.What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A.Doctoring has long been a male field in Japan.‎ B.Professions like banking and trading are tailored to men.‎ C.Shinzo Abe performed poorly in dealing with the labour shortfall.‎ D.Discrimination against women in careers in Japan is a big concern.‎ 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.B ‎3.D Passage 2(2019浙江温州十五校联合体,C)‎ Researchers say getting a good night’s sleep is probably the best tool for memory and learning. But short periods of sleep may help our brains work better, says a recent study on napping. And taking a nap may also help old adults fight off age-related memory loss.‎ CDC, an American scientific organization, found that 50 to 70 million Americans have chronic(长期的)sleep disorders. So, someone who naps as a way of paying off a sleep debt may not experience the same improvements from napping as a well-rested person would. Also, that only children, the very old, sick or lazy people nap is not an uncommon opinion.‎ Researchers recently looked at information provided by nearly 3,000 Chinese adults, aged 65 years or older, to learn if napping after a midday meal had any effect on the mental performance of the subjects.‎ First, they asked the people if they napped and for how long. Then, based on their answers, researchers put them into four groups:non-nappers(0 min), short nappers(≤30 mins), moderate nappers(30—90 mins), and extended nappers(≥90 mins). Nearly 60% of the people said they did take a nap after lunch and that their naps lasted anywhere from 30 to 90 minutes. Most of the subjects said they napped for about an hour.‎ The study found that people who took an hour-long nap did much better on mental tests than those who did not nap. The hour-long nappers also did better on the tests than those who napped for shorter and longer periods. In this study, it seemed that the most effective nap lasted for about an hour, but not much longer.‎ Yet Doctor Michael Twery notes that an hour-long nap may be too long for young, healthy adults. 30 minutes is enough to remove the pressure to sleep and will help us feel more awake.‎ ‎1.What’s the main idea of this passage?‎ A.Getting a good night’s sleep is probably the best tool for memory and learning.‎ B.Getting rest during the middle of the day helps older adults’ brains work better.‎ C.Taking a nap helps babies and young children learn better.‎ D.Napping helps adults fight off age-related health problems.‎ ‎2.Among the following people who naps after lunch, who experiences the best improvement?‎ A.A new mother with her baby crying for most of the night.‎ B.A university student staying up late for the coming exams.‎ C.A school guard working on the night shift.‎ D.A retired teacher going to bed at 10 p.m. and rising at 6 a.m.‎ ‎3.A　　　nap does better for healthy and young adults. ‎ A.30-minute　　　　　B.60-minute　　　　　C.70-minute　　　　　D.90-minute 答案 ‎1.B ‎2.D ‎3.A Passage 3(2019河南开封10月定位,D)‎ Artificial intelligence(AI)is making it possible for companies to monitor workers’ behavior in great detail and in real-time(实时的). If you start to slack off(懈怠), AI could talk to your boss.‎ One company offering such services is the London-based start-up StatusToday. Its AI platform relies on a regular supply of employee data including everything from the files you access to when you use a key card.‎ From this, it builds a picture of how employees normally function and signals any unusual performance. The idea is to spot when someone might become a security risk by doing something different from their usual behavioral patterns. “All of this gives us a fingerprint of a user, so if we think the fingerprint doesn’t match,we raise a warning,”says Mircea Dumitrescu, the company’s chief technology officer. ‎ The system also aims to catch employee actions that could accidentally cause a security breach(漏洞), like opening malware(恶意软件). “We’re not monitoring if your computer has a virus.” says Dumitrescu. “We’re monitoring human behaviors.”‎ But catching the security breach means monitoring everyone,and the AI can also be used to track employee productivity. “It seems like they are just using the reputation of AI to give an air of lawfulness to old-fashioned workplace surveillance(监视),”says Javier Ruiz Diaz of digital campaigning organization Open Rights Group. “You have a right to privacy and you shouldn’t be expected to give that up at work.”‎ Exactly how companies use the system will be up to them,but it’s hard to shake the picture of AI constantly looking over employees’ shoulders. “It will bother people, and that could be counterproductive if it affects their behavior,” says Paul Bernal at the University of East Anglia.‎ Phil Legg at the University of the West of England says it will never catch every security risk. “If people know they’re being monitored, they can change their behavior,” he says.‎ ‎1.The underlined part “a fingerprint of a user” in Paragraph 3 is most likely to mean　　　. ‎ A.an employee’s best record B.evidence against an employee C.an employee’s regular behavior D.access to an employee ‎2.What’s Javier Ruiz Diaz’s attitude towards the system?‎ A.Critical.　　　　　B.Suspicious.　　　　　C.Indifferent.　　　　　D.Curious.‎ ‎3.What is Phil Legg’s concern for the system?‎ A.It cannot change employees’ behavior.‎ B.It may not be as effective as expected.‎ C.It will affect employees’ emotions.‎ D.It is too risky to be used at work.‎ ‎4.What’s the best title for the text?‎ A.Watch out for security breaches B.It’s time to improve your job performance C.Be aware of your privacy in the workplace D.Workplace AI may tell your boss if you’re slacking 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.A ‎3.B ‎4.D Passage 4(2018浙江宁波重高联盟,A)‎ Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials(广告)for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works,” he said in 1991, “I’ll continue to do those commercials.”‎ Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still won’t let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes,” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted(收养)as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said, “and if I got out of line, he’d beat me.”‎ Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said, “I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.‎ In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales.‎ Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation(基金会)for Adoption in 1992.‎ In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him “Most Likely to Succeed”.‎ ‎“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams. “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.”‎ ‎1.What is the article mainly about?‎ A.The life of Dave Thomas.‎ B.The dream of Dave Thomas.‎ C.The schooling of Dave Thomas.‎ D.The growth of Dave Thomas’s business.‎ ‎2.Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas’s life.‎ a.graduated from high school b.started his own business c.became a millionaire d.started a foundation e.met Harland Sanders A.e,b,c,d,a　　　B.a,e,c,b,d C.e,c,b,d,a　　　D.a,e,b,c,d ‎3.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means　　　. ‎ A.Dave was famous　　　B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy　　　D.Dave was shy 答案 ‎1.A ‎2.C ‎3.B Passage 5(2018浙江金丽衢三地市联考,A)‎ Shortly after my fourth birthday, my parents and I arrived from China in Sydney, Australia. It was 1991 and my mother had left behind everything she knew—family, friends and career.‎ Yet within two years, my parents’ marriage had broken down. After one particularly unpleasant fight, my mother left my father, taking me with her. With no family or friends, and in a country where she couldn’t even communicate, she took me to Chinatown, the only area of Sydney she was familiar with. That night she laid me on a bench in Dixon Street, packing ‎ suitcases around us for security. I will never forget the despair in her face that night.‎ At around 4 am, a group of four young Chinese men noisily exited a club nearby. I remember them falling silent as they saw us. They approached and asked my mother why she was sleeping on the street with such a young child. My mum burst into tears as she told them our story. Without hesitating, they bundled me up, took our suitcases, and drove us to their student housing.‎ In the weeks that followed, the men looked after us with youthful enthusiasm. Being poor students living on their own for the first time, they simply knew how to cook in a clumsy way. However, they insisted that a child should have home-made meals. They quickly adjusted their lives around us, buying fresh food, cooking, teasing me to make me laugh, and advising my mum on how to sort out her life.‎ Eventually, Mum reconciled(和解)with Dad and we moved back in with him, although they continued to split and make up several times.‎ Gradually we lost touch with the men as we all moved on. But at every milestone of my life—graduations, entering university, getting a good job—I never forget that all of this was made possible because 22 years ago, a group of complete strangers took us in and shared everything they had to save us from life on the street.‎ ‎1.Why did Mum and I stay in Dixon Street that night?‎ A.We were waiting for the Chinese men.‎ B.Mum knew nobody in Australia at all.‎ C.It was safe to stay there for night.‎ D.We had no other place to go.‎ ‎2.How did the students feel the moment they saw us in the street?‎ A.Ashamed. 　　　B.Shocked.‎ C.Amused. 　　　D.Nervous.‎ ‎3.What message is conveyed in the passage?‎ A.There is no perfect husband or wife in marriage.‎ B.It is the timely help to someone in need that counts.‎ C.It’s a great challenge for the Chinese to study abroad.‎ D.Childhood memory functions to guide present behavior.‎ 答案 ‎1.D ‎2.B ‎3.B Passage 6(2017浙江名校协作体10月联考,C)‎ A hospital has been forced to ban Pokemon Go players from the site after a monster hub(妖怪枢纽站)was found in the A&E department. Royal Stoke University Hospital discovered that its casualty unit is on the same spot as a Pokemon Go “gym”—where players can train their newly caught Nintendo creatures.‎ The University Hospitals of North Midlands Trust agreed last week that patients can play Pokemon Go on wards because walking around is healthy. But the Trust has been forced to post a warning on its website about public access to A&E. It said if Pokemon Go becomes a major annoyance it would ask Nintendo—which decides on the locations of the virtual gyms by using GPS—to have it removed from the premises.‎ Kevin Parker, associate chief nurse, said, “Members of the public who do not need to be at Royal Stoke should not attempt to enter A&E or any other part of the hospital building to play the game. The A&E department is incredibly busy this summer. We want the public to understand that anybody who visits the hospital solely to play the game will bring an unwanted distraction to the important work of the hospital. I’m also aware of various reports in the media of unsafe areas where the game has been played.”‎ ‎“Royal Stoke University Hospital is a safe area where gamers can enjoy Pokemon Go.” Michelle Harris, the Trust’s manager, said the game could still be played by those already in hospital. “We recognize that the Pokemon Go game encourages people to walk and exercise, which is something that the Trust is equally keen to advocate,” she said.‎ There are a number of “walking routes” established throughout the Trust that can be used to combine walking and playing the game. “Walking just 30 minutes, five times a week, can help reduce the risk of preventable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.”‎ There have been several warnings about the game since the UK release. Last week,a group of teenagers in Wiltshire were left stranded almost 100ft underground after they got carried away searching for Pokemon Go characters. The four boys, aged 16 and 17, ended up getting lost and had to wait to get a phone signal before they could call for help. Eventually, they contacted Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Team, who took them to safety. Damien Bence said:“Pokemon Go is obviously leading people into dangerous situations.”‎ ‎1.It seems that Pokemon Go is a game　　　　. ‎ A.designed to help patients in hospital recover sooner B.helping cure such diseases as obesity, diabetes and heart disease C.encouraging players to walk and exercise instead of staying indoors D.warning teenagers of the places easy to get lost or attacked ‎2.The underlined word in the last paragraph probably means　　　. ‎ A.hurt　　　B.disturbed C.trapped　　　D.threatened ‎3.The passage is mainly about　　　　. ‎ A.the negative effects of Pokemon Go since its UK release B.the applications of Pokemon Go in hospitals since its UK release C.the popularity of Pokemon Go since its UK release D.the establishment of Pokemon Go virtual gyms since its UK release 答案 ‎1.C ‎2.C ‎3.A