2020届二轮复习语法之词性转换与构词法学案

2020届二轮复习语法之词性转换与构词法学案

第4节　词性转换与构词法 Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考 考查角度1　形容词变副词的后缀 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is ____________(actual) behind the change.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词is。‎ ‎[答案]　actually ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ ‎[解析]　此处表示对于乘客来说是相当不愉快的。设空处位于形容词unpleasant之前，修饰形容词unpleasant应用fair的副词形式fairly，表示“相当地”。注意must have done“过去一定做了……” 表示对过去情况的肯定推测。‎ ‎[答案]　fairly 考查角度2　动词 、名词变形容词的后缀 ‎3．(2019·江苏卷) Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people ________(flexibility) options to exercise.‎ ‎[解析]　考查形容词。根据句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。故填flexible。‎ ‎[答案]　flexible ‎4．(2019·北京卷) Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and __________(meaning) college experience.‎ ‎[解析]　考查形容词。这里与前面的 healthy并列，修饰后面的名词 college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。‎ ‎[答案]　meaningful ‎5．(2019·浙江卷)School uniforms are ____________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.‎ ‎[解析]　考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。 are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语， tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。‎ ‎[答案]　traditional ‎6．(2018·浙江卷)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ____________(afford) but doing this most days adds up.‎ ‎[解析]　考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。‎ ‎[答案]　affordable ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most ____________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.‎ ‎[解析]　此处表示这些新开通线路中最为成功的线路之一。设空位置在was 之后，且空前为the most，故用形容词successful。‎ ‎[答案]　successful Step2 知识储备·抓重破难补短板 一、形容词变副词的后缀 通常在形容词后加ly，或者把y变i＋ly。‎ ‎①(2019·武汉高中毕业生五月训练题)It suddenly rained heavy in the midnight and I felt cold. ____________‎ ‎[答案]　heavy→heavily 二、形容词变名词的后缀 通常以age，cy，dom，ence，ness，th，y，ty，ity，ce结尾。‎ ‎②(2019·福州市高中毕业班适应性练习)On the other hand, I think everyone has the right to education and it is of great important to help those people who need it.____________‎ ‎[答案]　important→importance 三、动词、名词变形容词的后缀 通常后缀为able，al，ful，less，ed，ing，ible，ive，ous，some，y，ern，ish，ic，ary。‎ ‎③(2019·太原市高三年级模拟试题三)But the very instant we break the law, we shall get into end trouble.____________‎ ‎[答案]　end→endless ‎④(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)I went to China in the summer of 2017. My time there was an ____________(impress) experience.‎ ‎[答案]　impressive 四、动词变名词的后缀 通常以al，ance，ence，ion，ation，(s)sion，ing，ment，ure，ture，y或其他为后缀。‎ ‎⑤(2019·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Fall is a time of reflect and preparation for the year ahead.____________‎ ‎[答案]　reflect→reflection 五、变动词的前缀与后缀 通常前缀有en；后缀有en，ify，ize。‎ ‎⑥(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研测试)The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can fright animals and cause them to become active at night.____________‎ ‎[答案]　fright→frighten ‎⑦(2019·太原市高三年级阶段性测评)Sisyphe opens its bookstores in shopping malls in order to take advantage of the large number of consumers of shopping malls to sell its books, and it also ____________(able) people to enjoy spending time reading and drinking coffee.‎ ‎[答案]　enables 六、表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀 前缀通常有dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， un， 后缀为less。‎ ‎⑧(2019·青岛自主学习)As they couldn't play outdoors, they were ____________(happy),‎ ‎ and some even got into fights from time to time.‎ ‎[答案]　unhappy ‎⑨(2019·沧州联考)We are growing ____________(patient) with the lack of results.‎ ‎[答案]　impatient Step3 增分攻略·献计献策献妙招 前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。‎ 看好前与后，词性转换依章程。‎ ‎[操作技法1]　形容词变副词的后缀 变化形式 例词 直接加ly ‎ slow→slowly缓慢地 改y为ily happy→ happily高兴地 去e加ly true→ truly真地 ‎[典例1]　(2019·考试大纲调研卷十)The show is a combination of documentaries and variety shows, aiming at exploring ____________(complete) new ways to bring highend national treasures closer to the public.‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。 空处修饰形容词new, 因此只能用副词completely “完全地”。‎ ‎[答案]　completely ‎[典例2]　(2019·考试大纲调研卷八)We've always known that the entrants to the Aphrodite Award were special, but this year we've been ____________(true) bowled over by their impressive successes.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。此处是说我们确实被她们令人钦佩的种种成就所震撼，空处修饰动词，故用副词truly。‎ ‎[答案]　truly ‎[操作技法2]　形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 ‎age short→shortage 不足；短缺 ‎cy efficient→efficiency 效率；功效 fluent→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy 隐私；私密 ‎dom free→freedom 自由；自主 wise→wisdom 明智；智慧 ‎ce different→difference 差异 silent→silence 沉默 ‎ness weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness 仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness 粗心大意 dark→darkness 黑暗 ‎th strong→strength 力气；强项 warm→warmth 温暖；热情 true→truth 真相；真理 wide→width 宽度 ‎y difficult→difficulty 困难 ‎ty cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴 safe→safety 安全 ‎ity disable→disability 无能；残疾 responsible→responsibility 责任 ‎[典例]　(2019·考试大纲调研卷三)She asked me to push the button for the lift after being aware of my ____________(present)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。根据前面的my可知，这里填提示词的名词形式presence，其作宾语表示“在场”。 ‎ ‎[答案]　presence ‎[操作技法3]　动词、名词变形容词的后缀 后缀 例词 ‎able accept→acceptable 可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 suit→suitable 合适的 reason→reasonable 有道理的 ‎al music→musical 音乐的 nature→natural 自然的；天生的 form→formal 正式的 nation→national 全国的 ‎ful harm→harmful 有害的 hope→hopeful 有希望的 peace→peaceful 和平的 care→careful 细心的 ‎ed confuse→confused 感到困惑的 puzzle→puzzled 迷惑的 worry→worried 担心的 excite→excited 激动的；兴奋的 ‎ing surprise→surprising 令人惊讶的 satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的 worry→worrying 令人担心的 bore→boring 令人厌烦的 ‎ible access→accessible 容易到达的；容易取得的 horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的 ‎ive act→active 积极的；活跃的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 expense→expensive 昂贵的 ‎ous anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 humor→humorous 幽默的 ‎some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 ‎y health→healthy 健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的 dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的 sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 ‎ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的 west→western 西方的；向西的 ‎ish child→childish 孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish 自私的 ‎ic science→scientific 科学的 economy→economic 经济的 history→historic 历史上著名的 ‎ary imagine→imaginary 想象中的 ‎[典例1]　(2019·太原市高三年级阶段性测评)Now, it not only devotes itself to selling books, but combines the functions of the bookstore, cafe and the sale of ____________(create) cultural products.‎ ‎[解析]　考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词。故用creative修饰其后的 “cultural products”， 表示 “创造性的文化产品”。‎ ‎[答案]　creative ‎[典例2]　(2019·惠州高三第一次调研考试)After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely ____________(refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses.‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。 句意：喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神。find oneself＋adj.意为“发现自己……”，此处用形容词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎[答案]　refreshed ‎1．熟悉词性与成分的关系，破解词性转换 ‎(1)牢记常见的前缀和后缀形式，确保正确转换词性；‎ ‎(2)观察原词的用法，通过将前缀或后缀的意义与原词的意义叠加，推测出新词的含义。‎ ‎2．活用构词法，秒杀词性转换 ‎(1)已判定填形容词或副词但是不知如何加前缀、后缀。例如以字母e结尾的形容词变副词是否去掉e再加ly等；‎ ‎(2)牢记变化规则。‎ step4 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·武汉市武昌区调研)In fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its ____________(free) from the cocoon.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，故填名词freedom。‎ ‎[答案]　freedom ‎2．(2019·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative ____________(combine) of nature and humanism.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　combination ‎3．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human ____________(healthy)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。‎ ‎[答案]　health ‎4．(2019·郑州第二次质量预测)On New Year's Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted ____________(warm) at each house.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。根据空前的were greeted可知，空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　warmly ‎5．(2019·太原二模)Life is about giving and taking, and it's ____________(general) true that if you give, you will receive.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故填generally。‎ ‎[答案]　generally ‎6．(2019·湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father ____________(hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。修饰动词短语looked at应用副词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　hopefully ‎7．(2019·湖北七市联考)Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and ____________(rich) in traditional Chinese culture.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。‎ ‎[答案]　richness ‎8．(2019·河南信阳高中第四次大考)At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very ____________(anger) about it.‎ ‎[解析]　考查形容词。句意：起初，许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气。系动词became后面应用形容词作表语，故填angry。be angry about sth.意为“对某事感到生气”，为固定短语。‎ ‎[答案]　angry ‎9．(2019·成都第二次诊断)When you do go for hot pot, you will often be asked to make a ____________(choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients(食材)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。根据空前的a和空后的of可知空处应填名词的单数形式。‎ ‎[答案]　choice ‎10．(2019·福建六校联考)Staying ____________(health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.‎ ‎[解析]　考查形容词。句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。‎ ‎[答案]　healthy ‎11．(2019·河南省豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its ____________(taste) beef, soup and noodles.‎ ‎[解析]　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。‎ ‎[答案]　tasty ‎12．(2019·赣州十四县市联考)She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world: a world of smiles, love and ____________(warm)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。根据空前的内容可知，空处与smiles和love构成并列关系，故此处用名词形式，故填warmth。‎ ‎[答案]　warmth ‎13．(2019·洛阳市统一考试)Most of these problems won't be ____________(simple) solved.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故应填simply。‎ ‎[答案]　simply ‎14．(2019·昌乐二中月考)He can ____________(probable) tell us all the details we want.‎ ‎[解析]　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词tell，故应填probably。‎ ‎[答案]　probably ‎15．(2019·贵州适应性考试)____________(fail) is such a common matter that we often meet in our life.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。此处应用名词作主语，故应填Failure。‎ ‎[答案]　Failure Ⅱ.语篇语法填空 ‎(2019·天水市第一中学第五次质量检测)‎ Hero Writer Who Wrote of Heroes has Passed Away ‎“1.______________ there are Chinese speakers, there are his readers.”‎ That sentence highlights the huge influence of Louis Cha Leungyung, 2.______________(well) known by his pen name Jin Yong, one of the most 3.______________(influence) Chinese novelists. Over three hundred million copies of his books have been sold in the Chinesespeaking world alone.‎ A hero who writes heroes In their condolences(哀悼) to his family, many people called Cha a “hero” even though he considered 4.______________(he) a writer of hero stories.‎ That's because of the humanistic concerns in both his novels and his newspaper articles. In all his martial arts stories, he shows a strong antiwar tendency. In The Legend of the Condor Heroes, 5.____________ novel which impresses us deeply , he wrote how Genghis Khan was moved by the hero's words and regretted his 6.______________(kill) before his death.‎ ‎“He has mercy for everybody in this mortal(凡人) world, ” Wang Xiaolei, owner of a WeChat public account that specializes in analysis of Cha's works, 7.____________(write) in his condolences.‎ ‎8．____________ their popularity, only The Deer and the Cauldron as well as other three novels 9.______________(translate) into English. Legends of the Condor Heroes, was scheduled 10.____________(hit) bookstores in February in 2018.‎ 语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了武侠小说大师金庸先生。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查地点状语从句。句意：有说中文的人的地方，就有他的读者。逗号前是一个地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”，所以用where来引导。故填Where。‎ ‎[答案]　Where ‎2．[解析]　考查副词比较级。句意：这句话凸显了查良镛的巨大影响力，他的笔名金庸更为人熟知。此处是原名与笔名之间进行比较，所以这里应该用比较级，故填better。‎ ‎[答案]　better ‎3．[解析]　考查形容词。根据前面的the most可知此处应该填形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，influence的形容词为influential，意思为“有影响力的”。故填influential。‎ ‎[答案]　influential ‎4．[解析]　考查代词。主语与宾语是同一人时，宾语用反身代词表示某人自己。故填himself。‎ ‎[答案]　himself ‎5．[解析]　考查冠词。在这个句子中，逗号前后为同位语关系，The Legend of the Condor Heroes是一部令我们印象深刻的小说，此处表示泛指一部小说，故填a。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎6．[解析]　考查名词。空格前his是形容词性物主代词，后面需要加名词，所以空格处需要填一个名词，另根据常识可知他的杀戮不止一次，所以要用复数。故填killings。‎ ‎[答案]　killings ‎7．[解析]　考查动词时态。空格处是句子的谓语，要注意时态，而王晓磊写悼词是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时，故填wrote。‎ ‎[答案]　wrote ‎8．[解析]　考查介词。句意：尽管广受欢迎，但只有《鹿鼎记》以及其他三部小说被译成了英语。根据句意可知，空格处需要填“尽管，虽然”这个意思的词，故填Despite。‎ ‎[答案]　Despite ‎9．[解析]　考查动词时态语态。句意：尽管广受欢迎，但只有《鹿鼎记》以及其他三部小说被译成了英语。根据句意可知，到目前为止《鹿鼎记》和其他三部小说被翻译成英语，所以要用现在完成时，主语与动词之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。另外主语中含有as well as的，谓语动词根据前面的名词来决定单复数形式，故填has been translated。‎ ‎[答案]　has been translated ‎10．[解析]　考查固定搭配。be scheduled to do sth.“被安排做某事，预定于……”。这是一个固定搭配，故填to hit。‎ ‎[答案]　to hit 专题强化训练(五)‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 A ‎(2019·贵州市安顺高中期末)Beijing of China, which boasts epochal(划时代的) inventions in ancient times, has once again proved its ability 1.______________(change) the world with its “New Four Great Inventions”： highspeed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. The new four great inventions are all related to China's hightech innovation, 2.____________ is dramatically improving the wellbeing(福祉) of all Chinese people.‎ Our wallets are no longer in use. We can buy and eat whatever we want 3.______________ (simple) by tapping our cellphones, and even pancake sellers nowadays are using Alipay.‎ Shared bikes 4.______________ (them) are not new, but the operating model of bikesharing 5.______________(base) on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other technologies. Shared bikes are bringing cycling back 6.______________ people's lives and they are making public transport more attractive and convenient, and 7.____________(encourage) people to be more active.‎ It is increasingly clear that China is innovating(创新) and no longer copying western ideas. It is obviously clear that China is leading in many ways such as social messaging app WeChat. This is partly 8.____________ China skipped over the PC eraand went directly to mobile. China has the largest mobile use in the world.‎ ‎9．______________ growing number of foreigners hope to promote economic 10.______________(develop) in their home countries by highlighting the need for technological ‎ achievements like that of China.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍中国的新四大发明。越来越多的外国人希望通过强调对中国这样的技术成就的需求来促进本国的经济发展。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式作后置定语，ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”。故填to change。‎ ‎[答案]　to change ‎2．[解析]　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：新的四大发明都与中国的高科技创新有关，这极大地改善了中国人民的福祉。前面整个句子作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎3．[解析]　考查副词。句意：我们可以买和吃任何我们想要的东西，可以通过点击我们的手机完成。副词修饰动词，故填simply。‎ ‎[答案]　simply ‎4．[解析]　考查反身代词。句意：共享自行车本身并不新鲜，但自行车共享的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等技术。结合句意此处是反身代词作同位语，故填themselves。‎ ‎[答案]　themselves ‎5．[解析]　考查固定搭配。句意：共享自行车本身并不新鲜，但自行车共享的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等技术。固定搭配：be based on“以……为基础”，句子是一般现在时态的被动语态，主语是单数第三人称，故填is based。‎ ‎[答案]　is based ‎6．[解析]　考查介词。句意：共享自行车正在把自行车带回到人们的生活中，它们使公共交通更有吸引力，并鼓励人们积极活跃。固定搭配：bring back to“带回到”，故填to。‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎7．[解析]　考查现在分词。句意：共享自行车正在把自行车带回到人们的生活中，它们使公共交通更有吸引力，并鼓励人们积极活跃。此处是现在进行时态，故填encouraging。‎ ‎[答案]　encouraging ‎8．[解析]　考查表语从句。句意：这在一定程度上是因为中国跳过了个人电脑时代，直接进入了移动领域。此处应是because引导的表语从句，故填because。‎ ‎[答案]　because ‎9．[解析]　考查固定词组。句意：越来越多的外国人希望通过强调对中国这样的技术成就的需求来促进本国的经济发展。固定词组：a growing number of“越来越多的”，故填A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎10．[解析]　考查名词。此处economic“经济的”，是形容词，修饰名词，故填development。‎ ‎[答案]　development B ‎(2019·四川省射洪县射洪中学高三开学考试)No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it 1.______________(happen) so long ago. However, according to a 2.____________(wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter 3.____________ all ‎ directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other 4.____________(body). For several billion years after the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just 5.____________ cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain 6.____________ between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so 7.____________(violence) that it was not clear 8.____________ the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 9.____________ (produce) carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even 10.____________(important) is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。没有人确切地知道地球是如何产生的，根据宇宙大爆炸的理论，宇宙大爆炸之前地球不过是一片尘埃。后来尘埃形成了一个坚实的球状物，然后火和岩石爆炸，产生二氧化碳、氮、水蒸气和其他气体，构成了地球的大气层，随后随着地球的冷却，出现了水。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查动词的时态。根据so long ago得知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。故填happened。‎ ‎[答案]　happened ‎2．[解析]　考查副词。此处用副词作状语修饰动词accept。故填widely。‎ ‎[答案]　widely ‎3．[解析]　考查介词。此处表示四面八方用in all directions。故填in。‎ ‎[答案]　in ‎4．[解析]　考查名词。other修饰名词复数形式。故填bodies。‎ ‎[答案]　bodies ‎5．[解析]　考查冠词。此处表示一团灰尘，a cloud of dust。故填a。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎6．[解析]　考查时间副词。句意：随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38亿至45亿年前这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。故填until。‎ ‎[答案]　until ‎7．[解析]　考查形容词。本句中become是系动词，此处用形容词形式作become的表语。故填violent。‎ ‎[答案]　violent ‎8．[解析]　考查引导词。句意：不清楚这种形状是否会持久。故填whether。‎ ‎[答案]　whether ‎9．[解析]　考查固定短语。句意：他们及时制造出二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸汽以及其他气体——这些气体构成了地球的大气。本题考查be in time to do sth.“来得及做某事；及时做某事”这一固定短语。故填to produce。‎ ‎[答案]　to produce ‎10．[解析]　考查形容词比较级。句意：更重要的是地球冷却下来。even修饰比较级，故填more important。‎ ‎[答案]　more important Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·吉林市联考)When I was 5 years old, I started my journey to the world of music. Playing the piano becomes a great source of joy. Now, study alone abroad, I have found other way to enjoy musicperforming in my school band.‎ I remember the very first time when I played in a band. I practiced a lot. Still, when I sat at the piano, I felt scared and it seemed that I was getting small. My hands went cold when the conductor and other band member stared at me. The string of notes that came out the piano could not be calling a melody. However, that was only the beginning of your challenges.‎ In my opinion, even though the challenges are difficult for me to get through, but they make both me and the band even strong.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ When I was 5 years old, I started my journey to the world of music. Playing the piano a great source of joy. Now, alone abroad, I have found way to enjoy musicperforming in my school band.‎ I remember the very first time when I played in band. I practiced a lot. Still, when I sat at the piano, I felt scared and it seemed that I was getting small. My hands went cold when the conductor and other band stared at me. The string of notes that came out the piano could not be a melody. However, that was only the beginning of challenges.‎ In my opinion, even though the challenges are difficult for me to get through, they make both me and the band even .‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2019·新疆乌鲁木齐第一次质量监测)Following the old saying of “early to bed and early to rise” I used to go to bed at 10 p．m. and get up early at 6 a．m. to get ready for school. But that day, as it was cloudy, I continued to sleep for long, thinking it to be the early hours of the day.‎ Suddenly, I heard a loud voice which startled me up and made me sit upright. It was my mother's voice who was knocking and shouting, “Get up honey. It's 6：45 a．m. already! You are getting late for school！” As it was a cloudy day, I hadn't realized that it was almost 7 and continued dozing for long!‎ But thankfully that day our pickup person who generally used to come at 6：50 a．m. got late due to the showers and arrived just in the nick of time when I was ready. By the time we reached school it was a quarter to eight and the drizzle from previous night had finally stopped. I entered the classroom fearing the teacher's anger, but saw only a few students had made it to school. Therefore, the principal declared a holiday. “Hurray！” We all cheered in a chorus at the unexpected holiday and decided to walk back home.‎ As it had been continuously drizzling since the previous night there was water all over the place and the roads were impassable. Just then, at a distance my sister and I saw little kids playing in kneedeep water in the streets which touched the play button in us. We quickly approached them and merrily jumped and hopped in the pool of water with them. With shoes in our hands we continued parading on the muddy streets. We were thrilled and our hearts were filled with joy at ‎ the sight of the green and fresh leaves on the trees; the frogs drew our attention as we tried to catch butterflies.‎ We finally reached home busily playing and laughing with mudspattered uniforms and shoes. We hurriedly changed our outfits, washed up and sat watching TV with a bowl of hot soup! No doubt, I thoroughly enjoyed this day and secretly prayed for many such days in the future! _To_this_day_when_it_pours,_the_memories_of_that_eventful_rainy_day_bring_a_smile_on_my_face!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲述的是如何使我们的身体健康。短文中主要提到了两点：一是要早睡早起，保证充足的睡眠；二是要多做运动，使身体强壮，精力充沛。‎ ‎1．Which title can best summarize the main idea of the text?‎ A．An Unforgettable Rainy Day B．When You Are Late for School C．Childhood Memories D．Games We Used to Play ‎[解析]　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Following the old saying of “early to bed and early to rise” I used to go to bed at 10 p．m. and get up early at 6 a．m. to get ready for school. But that day, as it was cloudy, I continued to sleep for long, thinking it to be the early hours of the day.”可知，本文讲述的是一个难忘的雨天。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎2．According to the text, why did the author get up late?‎ A．He didn't set an alarm clock.‎ B．He didn't awake at six o'clock.‎ C．His mother forgot to remind him.‎ D．The cloudy weather made him mistake the time.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第一段中“But that day, as it was cloudy, I continued to sleep for long, thinking it to be the early hours of the day.”可知，作者起床晚是因为多云的天气使他弄错了时间。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．What happened to the author when he got to school?‎ A．The teacher was very angry with his being late.‎ B．The principal declared a holiday unexpectedly.‎ C．All of his classmates were having classes as usual.‎ D．He remembered that the school didn't have classes on that day.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Therefore, the principal declared a holiday. ‘Hurray！’ We all cheered in a chorus at the unexpected holiday and decided to walk back home.”可知，作者到学校后校长出人意料地宣布放假。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎4．What does the author mean by saying the underlined words in the last paragraph?‎ A．He doesn't want a rainy day.‎ B．The rainbow after rain makes him happy.‎ C．That rainy day helped him keep good memories.‎ D．He wants to have more rainy days in the future.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“No doubt, I thoroughly enjoyed this day and secretly prayed for many such days in the future！”可推知作者说“那个雨天帮助他保持了美好的记忆。”故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C Ⅳ.完形填空 ‎(2019·拉萨中学第一次月考)It was the Greek shopkeeper in a small corner shop in London that taught me about the power of an act of ____1____， which has motivated me to give. I was a student, ____2____ and very poor. I would work early morning and late nights to pay for my ____3____， and I was tired—really tired—all the time.‎ On the day I went to that shop for the first time, I was ____4____ with a very high fever. I had been ____5____ work for a few days, and run out of ____6____. Having been working so hard since I moved to town, I had no ____7____ nearby who could help. Normally, I would have gone to the ____8____， but on this occasion, I went into the Greek shop because it was ____9____.‎ I ____10____ a few items, from the looks of which revealed the ____11____ that I lived alone. Then I handed them to the shopkeeper, who told me, “You are unwell.” She pointed at the salami and bread I was buying and ____12____， “I can make you a sandwich, so you don't have to do it yourself.” I nodded, rather timidly. So , she made the ____13____ and asked me to ____14____ a moment. She went in the back room and returned with a container of hot soup.‎ ‎“I will ____15____ you up，” she said with a broad, genuine ____16____.‎ What really warmed me up, ____17____， was not the soup. It was her smile and kindness that made me feel ____18____ when I was particularly lonely. I had been quite ____19____， but, from that day on, I did not let shyness prevent me from ____20____ random acts of kindness.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。伦敦的街角有一个希腊人开的商店。店主让作者感受到了善意之举的力量，并激励作者去帮助他人。作者搬到城里以后忙于工作，没有认识的朋友，他感到很孤独。商店店主对他的关心鼓舞使作者克服害羞，主动去帮助他人。作者从帮助他人中获得了快乐。‎ ‎1．A.bravery B．politeness C．kindness D．faith ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.bravery“勇敢”；B.politeness“礼貌”；C.kindness“善良”；D.faith“信仰”。根据It was the Greek shopkeeper in a small corner shop in London that taught me about the power of an act of ____1____， which has motivated me to give.可知，是在伦敦一个小角落里的那个希腊店主教会了我一种善良行为的力量，这激发了我的热情。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎2．A.friendly B．single C．unreliable D．honest ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.friendly“友好的”；B.single“单一的”；C.unreliable“‎ 不可靠的”；D.honest“诚实的”。根据I was a student, ____2____ and very poor.可知，我是一个学生，单身，而且很穷。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎3．A.apartment B．dream C．studies D．company ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.apartment“部门”；B.dream“梦想”；C.studies“学习”；D.company“公司”。根据I would work early morning and late nights to pay for my ____3____， and I was tired—really tired—all the time.可知，我会在清晨和深夜工作，为我的学习买单，而且我一直都很累——真的很累。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎4．A.concerned B．hot C．hungry D．sick ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.concerned“关心的”；B.hot“热的”；C.hungry“饥饿的”；D.sick“生病的”。根据On the day I went to that shop for the first time, I was ____4____ with a very high fever.可知，在我第一次去那家商店的那天，我发着高烧，病得很重。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎5．A.off B．in C．from D．beyond ‎[解析]　考查介词。根据I had been ____5____ work for a few days, and run out of ____6____.可知，我失业了几天，吃光了饭。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎6．A.clothes B．food C．energy D．hope ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.clothes“衣服”；B.food“食物”；C.energy“精力”；D.hope“希望”。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎7．A.colleagues B．relatives C．friends D．parents ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.colleagues“同事”；B.relatives“亲戚”；C.friends“朋友”；D.parents“父母”。根据Having been working so hard since I moved to town, I had no ____7____ nearby who could help.可知，自从我搬到城里以来，我一直在努力工作，我身边没有朋友可以帮忙。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎8．A.clinic B．company C．Greek shop D．supermarket ‎[解析]　考查名词，A.clinic“诊所”；B.company“公司”；C.Greek shop“希腊商店”；D.supermarket“超市”。根据Normally, I would have gone to the ____8____， but on this occasion, I went into the Greek shop because it was ____9____.可知，通常情况下，我会去超市，但在这个场合，我去了希腊商店，因为它离得更近。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎9．A.closer B．farther C．prepared D．reliable ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.closer“更靠近”；B.farther“更远”；C.prepared“有准备的”；D.reliable“可靠的”。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎10．A.came across B．picked up C．wiped out D．put off ‎[解析]　考查动词词组。A.came across“碰巧”； B．picked up“拾起，偶然学到”；C.wiped out“扫除”；D.put off“推迟”。根据I ____10____ a few items, from the looks of which revealed the ____11____ that I lived alone.可知，我捡起了一些东西，从它的样子可以看出我一个人住的事实。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎11．A.result B．gift C．fact D．chance ‎[解析]　考查名词。句意见上题解析。A.result“结果”；B.gift“礼物”；C.fact“事实”；D.chance“机会”。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎12．A.concluded B．imagined C．guessed D．offered ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.concluded“得出结论”；B.imagined“想象”；C.guessed“猜测”；D.offered“提供”。根据She pointed at the salami and bread I was buying and ____12____， “I can make you a sandwich, so you don't have to do it yourself.”可知，她指着我买的意大利香肠和面包说：“我可以给你做一个三明治，这样你就不用自己做了。”故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎13．A.sandwich B．salami C．bread D．soup ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.sandwich“三明治”；B.salami“香肠”；C.bread“面包”；D.soup“汤”。根据So , she made the ____13____ and asked me to ____14____ a moment.所以，她去做三明治，让我等一会儿。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎14．A.consider B．sit C．wait D．hold ‎[解析]　考查动词。句意见上题解析。A.consider“考虑”；B.sit“坐下”；C.wait“等待”；D.hold“握住”。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎15．A.fix B．warm C．turn D．take ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.fix“安装，修理”；B.warm“使温暖”；C.turn“转变”；D.take ‎“拿走”。根据“I will ____15____ you up，” she said with a broad, genuine ____16____.可知，“我要让你暖和起来，”她带着真诚的微笑说。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎16．A.cry B．cover C．laugh D．smile ‎[解析]　考查名词。句意见上题解析。A.cry“大叫，叫声”；B.cover“覆盖物”；C.laugh“笑声”；D.smile“微笑”。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎17．A.though B．instead C．too D．still ‎[解析]　考查副词。A.though“然而”；B.instead“相反”；C.too“也”；D.still“仍然”。根据What really warmed me up, ____17____， was not the soup.可知，不过，真正让我感到温暖的不是汤。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎18．A.amazed B．cared C．lost D．confused ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.amazed“感到惊讶的”；B.cared“关心的”；C.lost“丢失的”；D.confused“困惑的”。根据It was her smile and kindness that made me feel ____18____ when I was particularly lonely.可知，当我特别孤独的时候，她的微笑和善良让我感到被关心。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎19．A.satisfied B．kind C．honest D．shy ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.satisfied“感到满意的”；B.kind“和蔼的”；C.honest“诚实的”；D.shy“害羞的”。根据I had been quite ____19____， but, from that day on, I did not let shyness prevent me from ____20____ random acts of kindness.可知，我一直很害羞，但从那天起，我就没有让羞怯阻止我做一些随意的善举。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎20．A.performing B．searching C．deserting D．treating ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.performing“表现”； B．searching“搜寻”；C.deserting“抛弃”；D.treating“治疗，对待”。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A