【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题构词法考点学案（14页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题构词法考点学案（14页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 构词法考点学案 形容词变副词的后缀 ‎ ——规则点拨 变化形式 例词 直接加ly ‎ slow→slowly缓慢地 改y为ily happy→happily高兴地 去e加ly　‎ true→truly真地 ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. ‎ ‎2．Similarly (similar), when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool, he forgot to return it, too.‎ ‎3．(2018·金华艾青中学质检)You haven't changed at all — you still look exactly (exact) the same as before.‎ ‎4．(2018·严州中学一模)Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies, but students themselves think differently (different)．‎ ‎5．(2018·江西红色七校联考)He sat down and started gently (gentle) talking to the dog.‎ 形容词变名词的后缀 ‎ ——规则点拨 后缀 例词 ‎age short→shortage　　　　　　　不足；短缺 ‎cy efficient→efficiency　　 　　　效率；功效 fluent→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy 隐私；私密 ‎dom free→freedom　　　　　　　自由；自主 wise→wisdom 明智；智慧 ‎ce different→difference　　　　　差异 silent→silence 沉默 ‎ness weak→weakness　　 　　　　虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness 仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness 粗心大意 dark→darkness 黑暗 ‎th strong→strength　　 　　　　 力气；强项 warm→warmth 温暖；热情 true→truth 真相；真理 wide→width 宽度 ‎y ‎ty ‎ity difficult→difficulty　　　　　 困难 cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴 safe→safety 安全 disable→disability 无能；残疾 responsible→responsibility 责任 ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评) Deep worry began to destroy my confidence (confident)．‎ ‎2．“What should I do? Many thieves usually bring knives with them，”she thought in silence (silent).‎ 动词、名词变形容词的后 缀 ‎ ——规则点拨 后缀 例词 ‎able accept→acceptable　　　 可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 fashion→fashionable 时髦的 suit→suitable 合适的 reason→reasonable 有道理的 ‎al benefit→beneficial　　　 有益的 music→musical 音乐的 origin→original 最初的 person→personal 个人的；私人的 center→central 中央的；中心的 nature→natural 自然的；天生的 form→formal 正式的 nation→national 全国的 ‎ful doubt→doubtful　　　　怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 harm→harmful 有害的 hope→hopeful 有希望的 peace→peaceful 和平的 care→careful 细心的 use→useful 有用的 success→successful 成功的 help→helpful 有帮助的 ‎ed scare→scared　　　　　感到恐惧的 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 puzzle→puzzled 迷惑的 worry→worried 担心的 bore→bored 感到厌倦的 excite→excited 激动的；兴奋的 balance→balanced 均衡的 ‎ing surprise→surprising　　令人惊讶的 convince→convincing 令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的 worry→worrying 令人担心的 bore→boring 令人厌烦的 ‎ible access→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的 horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的 ‎ive act→active　　　　　　积极的；活跃的 effect→effective 有效的；生效的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 expense→expensive 昂贵的 ‎ous continue→continuous　 不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 humor→humorous 幽默的 ‎some tire→tiresome　　 　　令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 ‎y taste→tasty　　　　 　美味的；可口的 health→healthy 健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的 dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的 rain→rainy 有雨的 sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 cloud→cloudy 阴天的 ‎ern east→eastern　　　　　东方的；向东的 west→western 西方的；向西的 ‎ish child→childish　　　 　孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish 自私的 ‎ic science→scientific　　　科学的 economy→economic 经济的 history→historic 历史上著名的 ‎ary imagine→imaginary　　 想象中的 ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·江西九江一中月考)You can also see a lot of fantastic (fantasy) shows at some of the hotels.‎ ‎2．Not only the teachers but also the students find the website beneficial (benefit)．‎ ‎3．He was more than just an English teacher, because he also taught me useful (use) lessons in life.‎ ‎4．Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balanced (balance) diet.‎ ‎5．I don't think it a reasonable (reason) practice for them to behave that way in our society.‎ ‎6．The meeting supposed to be successful (success) turned out to be a failure in the end.‎ 动词变名词的后缀 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2015·湖北高考改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his identity (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.‎ ‎2．(2015·江苏高考改编)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.‎ ‎—I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my apology/apologies (apologize)．‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 后缀 例词 ‎ion/sion/‎ ‎ation correct→correction　　改正 attract→attraction 吸引 conclude→conclusion 结论；结束 decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 接纳；准许入学 invite→invitation 邀请 explain→explanation 解释 expect→expectation 期望 ‎er/or teach→teacher　　　　老师 announce→announcer 播音员 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员 ‎ment punish→punishment　 惩罚 achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 argue→argument 辩论；论据 equip→equipment 装备；设备 ‎ance/ence appear→appearance　　出现；外貌 perform→performance 表演；节目 exist→existence 存在；生存 prefer→preference 偏爱 ‎ing hear→hearing　　　　 听力；听觉 begin→beginning 开始 ‎ure/ture fail→failure　　　　　 失败 press→pressure 压力 mix→mixture 混合；混合物 depart→departure 离开；出发 ‎y recover→recovery　　　恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery 发现 其他 choose→choice　　　　 选择 vary→variety 多样化；种类 tend→tendency 趋向；趋势 ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．It is necessary to have a physical examination (examine) every year.‎ ‎2．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth (warm)．‎ ‎3．Without hesitation (hesitate), I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.‎ ‎4．She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year's election (elect)．‎ ‎5．It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronunciation (pronounce)．‎ 变动词的前缀与后缀 ‎ ——规则点拨 前/后缀 例词 前缀 en‎ able→enable　　　　　使能够 large→enlarge 扩大 rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富 danger→endanger 危及 courage→encourage 鼓励 后缀 ‎en broad→broaden　　 　使变宽 ripe→ripen 使成熟 sharp→sharpen 使尖锐 wide→widen 加宽 short→shorten 变短 deep→deepen 加深 dark→darken 使变暗 hard→harden 使变硬 ‎ify class→classify　　　　把……分类 just→justify 证明……正确 simple→simplify 简化 beauty→beautify 美化 ‎ize apology→apologize　　道歉 emphasis→emphasize 强调 memory→memorize 记住 real→realize 认识到；实现 ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．You should loosen (loose) up your muscles before playing any sport.‎ ‎2．My mother encouraged (courage) me and insisted that I continue my education.‎ ‎3．Our government attaches much importance to education now, which enables (able) so many people to be well educated.‎ ‎4．The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized (apology) to me.‎ ‎5．If you want to live a simple life, you need to simplify (simple) your mind.‎ ‎6．If you deepen (deep) your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.‎ 表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀 ‎ ——规则点拨 前/后缀 例词 前缀 dis‎ agree→disagree　　　　　不同意 advantage→disadvantage 缺点 appear→disappear 消失 comfort→discomfort 使不舒服 honest→dishonest 不诚实的 il‎ legal→illegal　　　　　　不合法的 logical→illogical 不合逻辑的 im‎ polite→impolite　　　　　无礼的 patient→impatient 不耐烦的 moral→immoral 不道德的 in‎ formal→informal　　　 　非正式的 convenient→inconvenient 不方便的 direct→indirect 不直接的 ir‎ regular→irregular　　　　不规则的 responsible→irresponsible 不负责任的 mis‎ lead→mislead　　　　　　误导 understand→misunderstand 误解 un‎ usual→unusual　　　 　　不寻常的 willing→unwilling 不愿意的 happy→unhappy 不高兴的 known→unknown 不出名的 后缀 ‎less hope→hopeless　　　 　　无望的 end→endless 没完没了的 care→careless 粗心的 help→helpless 无助的 use→useless 无用的 ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．As they couldn't play outdoors, they were unhappy (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time.‎ ‎2．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest (honest)．‎ ‎3．Informal (formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.‎ ‎4．We are growing impatient (patient) with the lack of results.‎ ‎1．给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词 ‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular). ‎ 解析：regularly　空格处修饰动词短语“take short breaks”，故用副词。‎ ‎2．给出动词，填写名词或形容词 ‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.‎ 解析：introduction　由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。‎ ‎3．给出名词，填写形容词 ‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be _________(care) not to go to extremes.‎ 解析：careful　此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。‎ ‎1．形容词和副词的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.答案：helpfully→helpful 点拨 修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；修饰名词应用形容词而不用副词。‎ ‎2．形容词和名词的错用 ‎ 示例 ‎(2018·济宁市一模)I've learned English for so long that I can communicate with native speakers of English without difficult.答案：difficult→difficulty 点拨 误把动词、形容词等当作名词。‎ ‎3．ed与ing形容词后缀的错用 示例 ‎①(2016·四川高考)Mom was grateful and moving. 答案：moving→moved ‎②(2016·浙江高考)It was both excited and frightening to be up there！答案：excited→exciting 点拨 ‎①以ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。‎ ‎②以ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征。‎ ‎[题点对点练] ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I usually memorize (memory) twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.‎ ‎2．They are trying to widen (wide) the discussion to include environmental issues.‎ ‎3．There are so many different labels on food nowadays. They are not ‎ only confusing (confuse) but also misleading.‎ ‎4．If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, as the burden becomes increasingly (increase) heavy, we won't be able to carry on.‎ ‎5．It snowed heavily (heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow.‎ ‎6．One person was killed, several were seriously (serious) hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt.‎ ‎7．It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol.‎ ‎8．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly (sudden) became friendly to one another. ‎ ‎9．Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction (addict)．‎ ‎10．One reason for her preference (prefer) for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2014·四川高考)Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.calmly→calm ‎2．Everyone of us is working hardly in the classroom.hardly→hard ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！wonderfully→wonderful ‎4．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. Interesting→Interestingly ‎5．Although parents should take good care of their young children, they don't necessary do anything for them.necessary→necessarily ‎6．It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them repeated.‎ repeated→repeatedly ‎7．Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again.disappointing→disappointed ‎[题型综合练] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎ Bri is a junior at Marquette University studying Social Welfare and Justice. She __1__ (original) came from Monterey Park, California. Bri and her four siblings __2__ (adopt) by her two loving parents at a young age. Her parents are a main source of her __3__ (inspire) to explore the world and meet different people. Bri is always __4__ independent girl and moved away from home for college __5__ (experience) a different atmosphere. She went to Milwaukee by __6__ (she) without even visiting the city. She said, “Marquette just felt right to me.”‎ It is no surprise that Bri began to get __7__ (involve) in many student organizations when she arrived in Marquette. Her faith guided her to join the Midnight Run team and work at Campus Ministry. Midnight Run is an organization led __8__ students and provides services for the homeless and the impoverished population of Milwaukee. Bri quickly took on the leadership role of cocoordinator. Bri also took part in Justice, a student organization __9__ students advocate for change in social justice issues in Milwaukee. ‎ Through volunteering at multiple locations in Milwaukee, she is able to meet a diverse population of individuals and build relationships. She loves it when people are __10__ (passion) about their dreams and she also enjoys pushing individuals to do what they love.‎ 语篇解读：Bri是马凯特大学的大学生，她积极参加各种公益组织，帮助他人并且维护社会正义。‎ ‎1.originally　修饰动词came，故用副词形式。‎ ‎2．were adopted　“Bri and her four siblings”与adopt 之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．inspiration　根据语境可知，她想要去探索世界接触不同的人的灵感主要源于她的父母。用在形容词性物主代词之后，故用名词形式，inspiration“灵感”。‎ ‎4．an　根据语境可知，她一直是一个独立的女孩。故用不定冠词修饰， ‎ independent的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎5．to experience　根据语境可知，为了体验一种不同的氛围，她离开家去上大学。此处用动词不定式短语作状语，表示目的。‎ ‎6．herself　根据语境可知，她甚至没有游览过密尔沃基，就独自一个人去了那里。by herself表示“独自地”。‎ ‎7．involved　get involved in“参加，参与”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎8．by　根据语境可知，Midnight Run 是一个由学生领导的组织，故用介词by。‎ ‎9．where　先行词是organization，定语从句缺少地点状语。‎ ‎10．passionate　固定搭配be passionate about 表示“热衷于……；热爱……”。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·山西太原外国语学校模拟)One day my father went to see the film after supper. But in our surprise, he came back just about half an hour later. I asked him what was the matter. He smiled and told us about the funny thing what had happened in the cinema. He was sitting in his seat while a woman came to her and said the seat was hers. Surprising, they looked at their ticket carefully, only to find the seats shown in their tickets were the same while the colors were different. So they looked at the tickets more carefully. After a while, my father apologized the woman, saying, “Sorry, I make a mistake. Take this seat, please.” The fact was that his ticket found out under the glass on his desk was for the film a month ago. ‎ 答案：第一句：the→a 第二句：in→to ‎ 第四句：what→that/which 第五句：while→when; her→him 第六句：Surprising→Surprised; ticket→tickets 第八句：apologized后加to; make→made 第十句：去掉out