【英语】2020届二轮复习概要写作专练（含答案）学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习概要写作专练（含答案）学案

高三概要写作专练 ‎ 概要写作一 ‎1 Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent. A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.‎ ‎2 The circadian clock, more commonly known as the body clock, is an internal system that tells our bodies when it’s time to go to sleep and when it’s time to wake up. Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin circulating in a person’s blood at any given time. In a healthy sleeper, melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime, stay high through the night, and then settle back down when it’s time to wake up.‎ ‎3 In our modern society, however, most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could. And the trouble is, your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning, which leads to grogginess. It may also have other health consequences as well, such as diabetes, overweight and heart disease.‎ ‎4 Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature. His team recruited 14 physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s. Nine went on a weekend camping trip, while the other five stayed home. At the end of the weekend, the researchers reported that in just two days, the campers’ body clock had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip. By contrast, the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend. “This tells us we can reset our clocks fast,” Wright said.‎ ‎5 Therefore, if you want to change your sleep patterns you could try to increase your exposure to natural light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night.‎ 概要写作二 ‎1 Feeding the world’s population is a big challenge, and it is about to get bigger. Right now, a little more than 7.3 billion people share the planet. By 2050, some scientists estimate, the world’s population may reach 9 billion. However, the changing climate will probably make feeding this far greater number a very frightening task. That is the conclusion reached by some scientists.‎ ‎2 Just three crops—wheat, rice and corn—provide more than two-thirds of the calories that people consume. Such crops, and a small number of other important crops, come from farming regions sometimes referred to as “breadbaskets”. However, these areas often occupy a relatively small portion(部分) of the globe. Worse still, the breadbaskets are easily affected by bad weather. Events such as widespread flooding or extended heat wave can kill crops. That’s especially true if the bad weather occurs when a crop is young, fruiting or approaching harvest.‎ ‎3 Unfortunately, big crop failures in two or more breadbaskets could lead to what researchers call a “food shock”. That means an overall shortage of food would occur. Extreme food shocks used to happen every century. Or to put it another way, that’s only about once in very four generations of humans. However, according to studies, as the climate warms, high and low temperatures become more extreme, and by 2050, food shocks could occur about once every 30 years. In other words, a person born in the middle of the current century might live through two or three extreme food shocks during their lifetime.‎ ‎4 So what can people do to help avoid food shocks? Making agriculture efficient is one choice. But one of the most effective ways to fight against food shocks might be to cut down on food waste. “If we could cut food waste in half,” said Seth Cook, a British environmental scientist, “we could feed an extra billion people.”‎ 概要写作三 ‎1 In 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the emergency room for home injuries that resulted from knives, ladders, and cookware, etc. what is the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind. By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half their waking hours.‎ ‎2 Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task at hand. In one experiment, two Harvard researchers developed an Iphone app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness. They found people’s minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. Drinking alcohol and daydreaming also seem to go hand in hand. And the younger we are, the more likely we may be to let our mind wander. People aged 18 to 25 report significantly more task-unrelated thoughts than those aged 60 to 85.‎ ‎3 How do daydreams affect daydreamers? Just as a wandering mind makes us accident-prone at home, it leaves us more likely to be attacked in traffic accidents. In an unusual study, French researchers visited an emergency room to interview 955 patients involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydreamed just before the crash, more than 10 percent considered the daydream’s content “highly distracting”. And many studies have shown that mind-wandering interrupts with mental functions such as reading comprehension and memory keeping.‎ ‎4 Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. For one, much mind-wandering is future-oriented, and researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals. It also seems to improve creativity. In one experiment,145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for an everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of subjects was assigned an undemanding activity intended to elicit mind-wandering. When the subjects proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydreamers performed 40 percent better that the non-dreamers.‎ 概要写作四 ‎1 Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In today’s technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artist’s permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now dealing with this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft(盗窃).‎ ‎2 Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy(盗版) on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared between musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved. ‎ ‎3 There are many people who don’t see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves. ‎ ‎4 Although we don’t spread today’s music the same way we did before, there’s no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, internet piracy would prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profit to continue their music careers.‎ 概要写作一 要点1: A new study shows that outdoor campings can reset a person’s circadian clock and improve sleeping.‎ 要点2: The circadian clock, an internal system, schedules your sleeping time guided by the amount of melatonin. ‎ 要点3: But people’s irregular sleeping habit disturbs the rise and fall of melatonin, which causes tiredness and diseases. ‎ 要点4: Wright’s experiment proved that our clocks can be reset. ‎ 要点5: So we’d better expose ourselves to natural light more than artificial light.‎ 概要写作二 要点1: It is more and more challenging to feed the increasing global population.‎ 要点2: Many crops are often grown on limited breadbaskets that/which are easily impacted by bad weather.‎ 要点3: Big crop failures could cause an overall shortage of food, called a “food shock”, which could occur more frequently in the future.‎ 要点4: Food shocks can be prevented by making agriculture efficient and reducing food waste.‎ It is more and more challenging to feed the growing global population. For one thing, many crops are often grown on limited breadbaskets which are easily impacted by bad weather. For another, big crop failures could cause an overall shortage of food, called a “food shock”, which could occur more frequently in the future. However, food shocks can be prevented by making agriculture efficient and reducing food waste.‎ 概要写作三 要点1: People’s frequent daydreaming has caused many injuries in America.‎ 要点2: Studies show that unhappy feelings and alcohol drinking will greatly increase the possibility of daydreaming. Besides, young people’s minds tend to wander more.‎ 要点3: A wandering mind will distract people and thus increase the risk of injuries at home as well as car accidents.‎ 要点4: However, people still benefit from daydreaming for it allows them to think about goals and promote their creativity.‎ 概要写作四 要点一：In today’s society, it is theft to share music online. ‎ 要点2: It hurts all relevant companies and people involved in the recording process.‎ 要点3: However, many people take no notice of the harm and even think sharing music online is their right, not knowing most music is copyrighted. ‎ 要点4: Anyway, we need to protect musicians’ copyright so that they can continue producing albums for us to appreciate. ‎