通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点三十一其他类练习含解析

通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点三十一其他类练习含解析

- 1 - 专题五/考点三十一　其他类 考点三十一　其他类 Writing 1 限时 20 分钟 学校将组织一次以“我心目中的英雄”为主题的班会活动，请你以 Heroes in My Heart 为题，写一篇演讲稿。 基本要求如下： 1．你心目中英雄的标准； 2．你心目中英雄的事迹简介(请举 1～2 例)； 3．从这些英雄事迹中，你学到了些什么？ 　 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本文要求写一篇演讲稿。写作时，在保证覆盖内容要点的基础上，可充 分发挥自己的想象力。另外因为是演讲稿，尽可能地使用书面语，注意行文的逻辑性、连贯 性。文章内容以叙述为主，可以适当使用名言警句以增加亮点。 [精彩范文] Heroes in My Heart Some people think that a hero must be a person who has made outstanding contributions to the country or the world. Some people may regard the one who saved many lives as a superhero. In my heart, a hero must be an everyman who is helpful and brave in daily life. My father is such a person, who is always ready to help others. My father is not only warmhearted but also very brave. Last summer, our family was on vacation at the beach. My father was watching my brother and me playing in the water when a woman alerted him that two children in the deeper water appeared to be in danger. Hearing this, he immediately swam to the struggling kids. After doing his best to rescue the two kids successfully, my father got tired and exhausted. He told the reporter, “I took action out of instinct, and I was just doing what any dad would do.” My father set a good example for us, and his spirit will always inspire us to move on. Writing 2 限时 25 分钟 很多高中生会利用课余时间进行知识拓展，针对知识拓展，现在有两种常见的授课方式 可供选择：网络授课(online teaching)和传统面授(face­to­face teaching)，你更倾向于哪 种授课形式呢？ 请说说你的理由。 　 　 - 2 - 　 　 【写作指导】　本文是一篇开放性的应用文写作，要求在两种授课方式中选择其一并说 明理由。明确要求后，要搭建框架，可将本文分成三个部分来写：1.引入话题，并表明自己 的选择。2.文章主体内容：简述做出该选择的理由；所陈述理由应该具有说服力，合乎情理。 3.总结陈述，再次表明自己的选择。写作时注意高级词汇和复杂句式的使用，可突显自身扎 实的英语基本功。 [精彩范文] There is a tendency that a growing number of high school students are extending their knowledge in their spare time. By far, there have been two popular ways of teaching available: online teaching and face­to­face teaching. Personally speaking, I prefer the latter. To begin with, despite the apparent convenience of online teaching, face­to­face teaching offers more chances for teachers to directly supervise the learning process of students, thus rendering effective­teaching. Besides, face­to­face teaching creates more possibilities of close interaction and feedback­gathering. What's the most teachers can gather feedback to adjust their methods to make their teaching more effective in class. And this obviously is not within the capability of online teaching. In a word, face­to­face teaching prevails for its comparatively high effectiveness based on constant supervision and interactions. Hopefully, many students can eventually enrich their knowledge through face­to­face teaching. Writing 3 限时 25 分钟 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友 Jim 来信想要了解在北京人们出行方式 的变化。请你给他回信，内容包括： ● What changes have taken place； ● How the changes have influenced people's life； ● What problems still need to be solved. 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， 　 　 　 　 Yours， Li Hua 【写作指导】　这是一篇应用文写作。要点以英文的方式给出，要认真阅读体会，书信 类短文的关键在于要点要全面，不能有遗漏和省略。但是要点只是提纲，还要在此基础上增 - 3 - 加细节，不要逐字逐句翻译，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，选择 高级的词汇和句型结构，让文章更有文采。 [精彩范文] Dear_Jim， I'm writing to tell you about the changes in transportation here in Beijing. In the last ten years, the number of private cars has gone up drastically, which has inevitably led to some major problems, like traffic jams, and air pollution. In order to reduce the pressure of road traffic and ease air pollution, the government is striving to better the public transportation system, with many new subway lines being constructed and put into use and numerous bus routes adjusted. Furthermore, bike­sharing is commonplace now, with more and more people adopting an environmentally­friendly mode of transportation for their daily commute. Indeed, now we enjoy an easier, healthier and more convenient life in Beijing. As for the problems that still need to be solved, I must say it has to, be parking. I wish more public parking lots would be built for private cars, which would free up much­needed space on city streets. Has my reply satisfied your curiosity? Yours， Li_Hua Writing 4 限时 22 分钟 开学初老师和家长都要求李华住校学习，而他却喜欢住在家里，双方各持己见。假设你 是李华，请用英语把这个情况告诉《中学英语报》“学生之音”栏目组，请求主持人给予建 议。 老师和家长的理由 李华的理由 方便问问题； 晚自习时间更能保证； 培养独立生活的能力。 晚上有更多自习时间； 学习内容可以自由选择。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．信的开头已写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：住校 board Dear Sir， I'm a student of Senior 3. 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本文属于常见的正反观点类的议论文，要点基本上都给了出来，难度在 - 4 - 于选择合适的词汇和句型，表达出所需要的语意。首先要认真阅读前面的提示，根据所列出 的要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将 各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，文章内容应主次分明，详略得 当，语言力求准确、简洁。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，以使行文连贯。 [精彩范文] Dear_Sir， I'm_a_student_of_Senior_3. At the beginning of this term, my parents and teachers asked me to board. They say it will be very convenient for me to ask questions whenever and wherever. Besides, they think boarding will make it possible to make full use of my night time, and that I can also develop the ability to look after myself. However, I have my own thought. Staying at home in the evening, I will have more time to work at my lessons. At the same time, I can learn what I think I'm not good at. I really don't know what to do. Please give me your advice! Yours， Li Hua Writing 5 限时 20 分钟 假定你是李华，在美国的阿肯色州读书，你想在这个寒假找一份饭店服务员的工作。下 面的一则广告引起了你的注意，请你给联系人写一封信，询问相关情况。信中需说明你的问 题(广告下方已列出)。 Server Wanted Contact: Joseph Smith City: Little Rock Post code: 72223 Posted in: Little Rock Restaurant Job purpose: the primary purpose of this position is to create a unique and personal experience for Buffalo Wild Wings' guests by effectively presenting food and drink options in a friendly and enthusiastic manner. Your questions： 1．Height and age limitation? 2．Working experience? 3．Part­time or full­time? 4．Work days per week? 5．Pay? 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　 　 - 5 - 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本篇书面表达是一篇求职咨询类文章。时态为一般现在时，人称为第一 人称。写作时应注意勿遗漏要点，保证行文流畅。 [精彩范文] Dear Joseph Smith， I am Li Hua, a Chinese student studying in a high school in Little Rock. I happened to read your ad for a server and I am interested in it very much. But I still have a few questions about it, so I am writing to ask you something about this job. Firstly, I am a boy of 17, and I am not sure whether you have some special requirements about height, age and working experience. Secondly, I wonder whether it is a part­time job or a full­time one. Thirdly, how many days will I work per week and how much is the pay? I am looking forward to your early reply. Thank you and best wishes! Yours， Li Hua Writing 6 限时 20 分钟 假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你的网友王磊近日就学习时如何记好笔记发邮件向你 求教，请给他回复一封电子邮件，邮件必须包括以下内容： 1．描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征； 2．如何记好笔记的建议。 (注意：中文请不要出现真实的校名人名) 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本文是一篇电子邮件写作，要求介绍笔记类型并给出如何记笔记的建议。 首先可以确定时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第二人称为主。另外，对文章进行谋篇布局。 首先开头一句话清楚表明邮件目的；第二段接着介绍笔记的两种类型和特点；第三段则是给 出的记笔记的建议，通过连词 First of all, Besides, Last but not least 等使段落完整通顺， 符合逻辑。最后一段表达祝愿，希望建议能有所帮助。 [精彩范文] Dear Wang Lei， I am writing to tell you how to take notes, which I hope will be of use to you. Generally speaking, there are two types of notes. One is taking notes in class, which requires you to write down what the teachers said and wrote on the blackboard. The other is taking notes after class. When you do your homework or do exercises by - 6 - yourself, you can note down what you didn't understand. Here are some tips you should follow to take notes well. First of all, it is important to make your handwriting clear. Anything unclear will puzzle you. Besides, it is necessary to take down the most important and the most difficult points, which help you to review some knowledge that you often forget. Last but not least, to make your notes understood, you should make use of some symbols to take the place of long sentences. I hope that you will make great progress in taking notes. Yours， Lu Ping Writing 7 限时 20 分钟 假设你是李华，你的好友 Kathy 给你发了一封邮件。请你根据邮件的内容给 Kathy 写一 封回信。回信内容包括： 1．具体描述一次你勇敢面对挑战的经历； 2．针对来信中提到的问题给出合理的建议。 注意：1.词数不少于 120； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Li Hua， I have a problem, and I don't know what to do. Our school is going to hold an English Drama Contest. I am interested in it and I have signed up for it. But now as the contest is drawing near, I feel more and more nervous and anxious and I even want to quit. Have you ever had such experiences? When you face challenges, what do you usually do? I would be very grateful if you could give me some advice. Yours， Kathy Dear Kathy， I feel greatly honored to be trusted with your personal affairs. 　 　 　 　 Yours， Li Hua 【写作指导】　本篇书面表达是半开放式写作。写作时，根据所给的材料，需要包含两 个方面的内容要点：(1)具体描述一次勇敢面对挑战的经历；(2)针对来信中谈到的问题给出 合理的建议。写作时，应使用一般现在时和一般过去时；同时使用第一人称和第二人称。恰 当地使用连接过渡词和高级句型，这样可以使行文更加流畅，提高作文的逻辑性和得分档次。 [精彩范文] Dear_Kathy， - 7 - I_feel_greatly_honored_to_be_trusted_with_your_personal_affairs. You are not the single person who has had such an experience. I still remember that Monday afternoon two years ago when I participated in a speech contest. When waiting for my turn, I became more and more nervous and anxious, and I even had the thought of withdrawing from the contest. After a painful struggle, I decided to face up to the challenge. And finally I made it, overcoming my fear and anxiety and showing my confidence on the stage. You can never imagine how delighted I was then. It was through this challenge that I realized the importance of being brave and optimistic. Without this experience, I wouldn't be so strong­minded now. Every challenge is our opportunity to grow, no matter how difficult it is. So my suggestion is that you should face this challenge bravely because we know that on the other side of a challenge, there is always hope. As long as you have tried your best, you are great, whatever the results are. Yours， Li_Hua Writing 8 限时 20 分钟 生活中我们都需要朋友，我们该结交怎样的朋友，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读 下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。 A true friend is a source of strength and hope. —Jonathan Lockwood Huie 要求：1.你对该引语的理解； 2.你的相关经历； 3.恰当的结尾。 注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.词数 100 左右。 This quotation from Jonathan Lockwood Huie tells us that 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本篇写作要求考生根据引语进行写作，所以要正确理解该引语的内容， 并用一般现在时来表达。在叙述自己的经历时应用一般过去时。在结尾段再总述一下自己的 观点，提升主题。 [精彩范文] This_quotation_from_Jonathan_Lockwood_Huie_tells_us_that real friends can give us strength and hope when we are in trouble and real friends can benefit from each other. We need such friends who can point out our mistakes directly and who have the same life goals as us. Once I failed again and again in my math and lost interest in it, and it was my best friend who encouraged me not to give up and offered help - 8 - in time. With his kind and selfless help, I gradually caught up with others. So I say we need friends but what we most need is a friend that can enrich our life. Writing 9 限时 20 分钟 某 英 文 杂 志 正 在 举 办 “Whether should high school students stay up late to study？”为主题的征文活动。假如你是红星中学李华，就“高中学生该不该熬夜学习”在学 校进行了一次调查，结果发现 60%的同学认为应该熬夜学习，认为晚上学习安静，效率高，而 还有 40%的同学认为晚上不该熬夜学习，熬夜不利于身体，对学习没有多大帮助，况且白天又 容易打瞌睡，得不偿失。现在请你给报社写一封信，反映此现象并发表自己的观点。 注意：词数 100 左右。 参考词汇：得不偿失 gains cannot make up for losses Dear Editor， 　 　 　 　 Yours， Li Hua 【写作指导】　本文是一篇书信写作，给报社写信反映某类现象并发表自己的观点。根 据题目要求，我们可以判断，本文应该是一般现在时和一般过去时为主，人称以第一人称和 第三人称为主。然后可以围绕汉语提示，通过合理的想象展开论述。写作时首先陈述最近出 现了某种现象，所以我们展开了一项调查；然后介绍调查结果，包括各方观点和原因；最后 再表达自己的观点。 [精彩范文] Dear_Editor， With the learning task increasing in high school, more and more high school students are beginning to stay up late to study. Recently we did a survey about whether high school freshmen should stay up late to study or not. Opinions are divided into two parts. 60% of the students think they should study at night because there is no noise at that time and they have higher learning efficiency. However, others think that they should not stay up late to study. They have three reasons. First, staying up does great harm to health. Second, it is of no help to improve their grades. Third, they will be dozy during the day so that gains cannot make up for losses. In my opinion, health is more important than anything else. Yours， Li_Hua - 9 - Writing 10 限时 22 分钟 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Michael 对中国文化很感兴趣。他听说中国人很重视家风 传承，在给你的电子邮件中提出想了解你家的家风以及家风对你的影响。请你给他回复一封 信。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：家风 family tradition Dear Michael， 　 　 　 　 Yours， Li Hua 【写作指导】　本篇书面表达为应用文，要求就“中国文化中的家风以及家风的影响” 这一话题展开叙述。写作要点包括：介绍家风以及家风对你的影响。应该先确定文章的基本 时态为一般现在时，然后逐层展开论述。首先，简单介绍主题；其次，介绍家风以及家风对 你的影响；最后，邀请对方体验中国家风。写作时，在保证覆盖内容要点的基础上，也可充 分发挥自己的想象力，进而组织自己的语言来表达。另外要尽可能地使用书面语，注意行文 的逻辑性、连贯性和书写的整洁。文章内容应以叙述为主，可以适当使用名言警句以增加亮 点。 [精彩范文] Dear_Michael， How is everything going? I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese culture and that you want to know something about my family tradition. My grandparents and parents always lay emphasis on the importance of honesty, bravery, perseverance and diligence. And most importantly, they have set good examples to me. My family tradition has a profound influence on me, and thus I always follow what it has taught me. Besides, I am always positive and never stop chasing my goal whenever I run into difficulties. By the way, I sincerely invite you to come to China and stay in my home for some time to experience more Chinese culture by yourself. Yours， Li_Hua 书面表达策略探究(七) 议论文模板 - 10 - 1．正反观点式议论文模板 导入：第 1 段：Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should ... (导 入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文：第 2 段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First ... Second ... Finally ... ( 列 出 2 ～ 3 个 赞 成 的 理 由 ) 第 3 段 ： However, the others are strongly against it. ( 反 方 观 点 ) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place ... What's more ... In addition ... (列出 2～3 个反对的理由) 结 论 ： 第 4 段 ： Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it.(个人观点) 2．“A 或者 B”类议论文模板 导入：第 1 段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正 文 ： 第 2 段 ： There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that ... (赞同 A 的原因) 第 3 段：Of course, B also has advantages to some extent ... (列出 1～2 个 B 的优势) 结论：第 4 段：But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ... (得出结论) 3．观点论述类议论文模板 导入：第 1 段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下) 正文：第 2 段：First of all ... Secondly ... Besides ... (列出 2～3 个赞成或反对 的理由) 结论：第 3 段：In conclusion, I believe that ... (照应第 1 段，构成“总—分—总” 结构) 4．“How to”类议论文模板 导入：第 1 段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题。 正文：第 2 段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all ... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally ... (列出 2～3 个解决此类问题的办法) 结论：第 3 段：These are not the best but the only two/three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to ... (强调解决此类问题的根本方 法) Writing 1 限时 25 分钟 (2020·山东全国统一考试模拟卷)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两 - 11 - 段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。 Though it is one of the faded memories of my life today, there are times when I remember his face clearly, especially his eyes. As he had yellow spots on his eyes we called him Spotty. He would have been a stray (流浪) dog, until he came to me. I was seven years old. My dad had just got a new job in Nasik. We had moved into a rented house. It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. It was a cold dark night. We had our meal and went to sleep. Somehow in the midnight I heard some strange sounds outside the main door. I gathered courage and looked out through the window and I was really amused with what I saw outside. There was a small puppy lying on an old doormat which my mother had put outside the door. It was wet and trembling. At first it was difficult to see the little one. It was the yellow spots on its eyes that made me realize its presence. It was trying to get under the doormat to avoid the cold air outside and it had managed to get in as I could see only its head outside the doormat. Was it sick or injured? I felt pity for the poor soul. I went in and came out with an old towel. I went near the innocent one and held it in my hand and wiped the puppy till he had become dry. I took him into my room and made a bed for him with a woolen blanket and a small pillow. He seemed very healthy and comfortable in his new bed as he went to sleep immediately. The next morning, everyone in the family came to know about the unusual guest. “Shall we keep him with us？” I questioned my mom. Like any other parents would, my parents first totally refused my idea but my sister and I convinced them to keep Spotty. Slowly Spotty got on with everyone and became one of the family members. One day, Spotty returned from his daily walk with a broken leg. 　 　 　 　 Almost a year later, one midnight we heard Spotty barking breathlessly.　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者生动描述了他当时收留一只流浪狗的情形，这 只小狗与家人相处融洽，非常讨人喜欢。然而，事情并非天遂人愿。一天，Spotty 断了一条 腿回到了家。续写也由此展开。根据提示“One day, Spotty returned from his daily walk with a broken leg.”抓住 with a broken leg 这几个关键词，充分发挥想象。接下来有两种续 写思路：(1)可以专注续写“腿断”的原因；(2)可以重点续写作者如何表示同情以及如何施 救。第二段的提示语是“Almost a year later, one midnight we heard Spotty barking - 12 - breathlessly.”。barking breathlessly 意味着“在午夜发生了事故”，具体情况可以展开合 理想象，加以描述。 [精彩范文] One day, Spotty returned from his daily walk with a broken leg. I noticed that one of the dog's legs was bleeding. I immediately realized our Spotty was injured. I ran up to comfort him and tied a bandage around his injured leg, and then gave him some food to eat. I felt very sad. Spotty was still as cute as ever though he had a lame leg. After that, Spotty and I became more friendly. I really appreciated his courage. Almost a year later, one midnight we heard Spotty barking breathlessly. I came out to see what had happened. Maybe there was a thief near our house. Maybe there was a robbery nearby. I didn't know. The next morning, we couldn't find our Spotty. I looked for him everywhere, but could find him nowhere. I cried and waited for him. But this time he was gone and never came back. Writing 2 限时 25 分钟 (2018·浙江高考)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle_Paul,_my dad's friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm_house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool. In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don't be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don't get_lost！”“OK！” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us. 注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； - 13 - 2．至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1： Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. 　 　 　 　 Paragraph 2： We had no idea where we were and it got dark. 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　读后续写要求首先要读懂已有信息，理清文章的脉络。续写这篇短文时， 要搞清楚故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置、人物思想情感的变化等。在此基础上，要 顺着文章的思路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行合理预测，并用适当的语言表达 出来。 [精彩范文] Paragraph 1： Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. However, it became scared and started to run like crazy. All this coming without warning, I was seized by fear. “Don't let go of the rope! Keep calm！” yelled Dad. I followed what he told me to. To my relief, it stopped slowly. But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got_lost. Paragraph 2： We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. I kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply. Dad sounded a little worried as he reminded me to calm down. It was then that my mind raced. “Listen, dad, the rushing river water，” I shouted excitedly, “we can return to the farm_house down the river.” Before long, we caught sight of the lights in the distance. We knew we were safe. What a thrilling vacation, like never before, we had! Writing 3 限时 25 分钟 (2019·浙江高考)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, - 14 - parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them. Still, don't go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.” Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report.But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case­by­case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it. 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本文为概要写作。该类写作考查对主旨大意的概括能力和准确获取关键 词的能力。首先要明白文章所写的内容，并对文章的结构有清晰的了解，然后用简洁的语言 概括文章的重要信息。写作时，注意使用非谓语动词及表顺序的连接词等，使句子简单且有 条理；切记要涵盖所有要点。 [精彩范文] It is no easy job to educate children. Parents are wrong from strict discipline in the past to excessive praise today.(要点 1) Considerable praise helps to encourage children to make progress, but don't go from one extreme to the other.(要点 2) High­quality praise should focus on children's efforts, rather than on results. (要点 3) The principle for dealing with praise is to consider the link between praise and effort. (要点 4) Writing 4 限时 20 分钟 (2020·大同市高三学情调研测试试题)假定你是李华，你和你的同学们将在下周末举办 - 15 - 一次活动，针对“低头族”这一现象，在街上提醒过往的人们不要在行走时看手机，尽量抬 起头，注意安全与健康。请给你的英国朋友 Henry 写一封邮件，邀请他一起参加。 注意：1.行文连贯、流畅； 2．词数 100 左右； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：低头族 phubber Dear Henry， How's everything going? 　 　 　 　 Yours， Li Hua 【写作指导】　本文要写一封邀请邮件，主题是邀请英国朋友参加针对“低头族”现象 的活动。题目中并没有给出具体的写作内容要求，因此在文章的谋篇布局上，可以按以下顺 序写：1. 首先表明写作目的；2.介绍活动原因及目的；3.约定时间和地点。在遣词造句上， 适当添加高级词汇与复杂句式，使得行文流畅，变化丰富。 [精彩范文] Dear_Henry， How's_everything_going? Next weekend my classmates and I will hold an activity against phubbers in the streets. I'm writing to invite you to take part in it. The mobile phone has brought us much convenience. However, more and more phubbers, especially young people, can be seen everywhere, who never care about what happens around. Obviously, it can be harmful to their physical health and safety. Therefore, let's work together to call on everyone to pay more attention to this phenomenon and hold their heads up in the streets. An early reply about your final decision will be highly appreciated. If you are willing to join us, let's meet at the school gate at 8 o'clock next Sunday morning. Yours， Li_Hua Writing 5 限时 24 分钟 (2019·江苏高考)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 - 16 - Li Jiang：Have you heard this? A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our school next month. Su Hua：Yes, I have. Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony. Li Jiang：But it seems people have different opinions. Su Hua：What do you think? Li Jiang：I think it's a good idea. It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students. Su Hua：I agree. But we don't have to dress that way. That's not our daily style. Besides, it's not very convenient. Li Jiang：You see, it's the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for. Just the right occasion. Su Hua：I prefer the school uniform. It's nice.It's also a better display of our school culture. 【写作内容】 1．用约 30 个词概括上述信息的主要内容； 2．在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。 【写作要求】 1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； - 17 - 3．不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　1.本文为读写作文，背景材料已给出，要求针对材料进行概括，进而表 达自己的观点。时态主要为一般现在时。2.文章要点：(1)用约 30 个词概括原文大意；(2)阐 述对中国传统服装的着装场合的看法，并提供 2～3 个理由或论据。概括时注意内容的完整性； 论证时，注意逻辑的严密性。 [精彩范文 1] Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month. Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform. I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony. Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expecting. They come to learn about Chinese culture with their own eyes. Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive. The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour. Secondly, the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. It is just the so­called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. The traditional Chinese clothes, it seems to me, will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests. [精彩范文 2] Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when greeting the British students. Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable. I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish, it is a little bit strange to walk around in it. We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of our school. From the design and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school. Besides, the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event. So the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion. - 18 - Writing 6 限时 22 分钟 (2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)某英文报社正在开展“环保”大讨论，向你 约稿。请以垃圾分类为主题，按照以下要点发表你的观点。 1．意义；2.现状；3.建议。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．文章标题已拟好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage classification On Garbage Classification 【写作指导】　这是一篇提纲类书面表达，需要写的要点已列出，但具体细节学生们需 要自由发挥。写作时，考生首先需要将所列要点转换成完整、通顺的句子，并适当添加内容， 以使文章更充实。要注意时态的准确运用和上下文意思的连贯，不要出现文章内容脱节的现 象。遣词造句上，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词和句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句 型为文章增色。 [精彩范文] On Garbage Classification I am so glad to have the chance to join the debate. Now I want to say something about garbage classification. As we all know, some people would throw all waste like plastic, paper and glass into the same public dustbin, without thinking whether they are recyclable or not. But garbage classification is very important. On the one hand, without classifying, some waste will remain where they were placed for a long time. As a result, it will pollute the earth. On the other hand, waste is just the misplaced resources. We can recycle waste by classifying it and making full use of some leftovers. Thus, garbage classification is meaningful to us. We can do it just now. For example, we can collect plastic bottles and sell them to the waste shop and throw used batteries into the correct dustbin. Writing 7 限时 22 分钟 (2020·合肥市高三调研性检测)某中学生英文杂志正在开展以“My Holiday Plan”为主 题的征文活动，请你写一篇英语短文投稿。除了学习计划外，请你再从所给的要点提示中选 择两项，并阐述选择的理由。 要点提示：1.运动健身；2.学习乐器；3.学做家务；4.社区服务；5.外出旅行。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　 　 　 - 19 - 　 【写作指导】　本文是一篇半开放的命题作文。写作时我们可以遵循三段式写作结构， 1.引出本文主题：假期即将来临，故制定假期计划。2.写明具体计划并阐述理由；在这部分， 考生要注意合理使用连接成分，如 to begin with, what's more, last but not least 等； 并且注意高级词汇和句型结构的使用。3.最后表达自己的希望。 [精彩范文] My Holiday Plan With the summer holiday approaching, I'm pleased to make a plan for the coming days. Since I will be a senior three student next term, much of my time will be spent on study, though it is time for rest. I'll try to finish all the homework as it is required by my teachers. Apart from homework, I'd like to have a trip with my friends to visit some scenic spots to appreciate the beauty of nature and breathe fresh air, which can broaden our horizons and relax ourselves after the tough exam. In addition, I will do sports as usual such as playing table tennis, which is good for my health. I believe I'll have a good time during the vacation. May all of you have a nice vacation! Writing 8 限时 25 分钟 (2019·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三联考)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构 成一个完整的故事。 I woke up earlier than my_brother as every other day of the week. I jumped out of the bed, got dressed, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast. Saying good bye to my_mother,_I got in the_car no later than 7：05. I got to school on time, even though my brother came out of the house late as he used to. It was a Thursday. I was walking to the chemistry rooms when my phone in my left pocket vibrated (震动). I took it out and looked at the shiny screen. As soon as I saw my_father's name on that screen I realized something was not right. He would not call me in the middle of a school day just to talk. He would want me to focus in school and do well. I answered the_phone,_and my father sounded worried. He told me to find my brother as soon as possible, walk with him to the school picking­up zone and get in the car with my brother. Our driver would take us back home where my father was. When I was in the car with my brother my dad called the driver and told him to take us to the hospital. We were going to meet him and my mum there. As soon as my brother and I found about the change in plans, we looked at each other in the eyes. I immediately noticed the fear in my brother's eyes. To be honest, I was really scared too, probably more than he was. But I did not say anything. We arrived at the hospital. I saw my_dad on the phone waiting for us - 20 - at the entrance. He was smoking. Seeing my dad smoking made me more worried. I had never seen him smoke before. He hated it. As soon as he recognized the white car, he threw the cigarette away. I looked at my brother; he was looking out of the other window. I did not tell him what I just saw. I did not want him to worry. 注意： 1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2．应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1： The car stopped right in front of my dad.　 　 　 　 Paragraph 2： We walked down the hall with our eyes closed. 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本文是一篇读后续写。首先，要求对已有信息有正确的理解，其次，还 要理清文章的脉络。在此基础上，要顺着文章的思路，根据所给线索，进行合理想象，使所 续写内容与前文前后呼应，一脉相承。 [精彩范文] Paragraph 1： The car stopped right in front of my dad. He opened the door and I jumped out of the_car and hugged him. He noticed that I was worried right away and with a smile on his face told us he had a surprise for us. “What good things happen in hospital？” When we approached the ward, my_dad told my_brother and me to close our eyes and hold his hands. So we did. His warm hands made me feel more secure. Paragraph 2： We walked down the hall with our eyes closed. Suddenly we stopped. When we walked into the room, my father told us to open our eyes. We saw our mother lying on the bed. Tears welled up in my eyes, but I was not in pain. Right next to my_mother I saw the most beautiful thing I had ever seen. It was a girl. She was sleeping. She was my sister. I still remember that day as one of the happiest days of my life. Writing 9 限时 25 分钟 (2019·上海普陀区高三上学期期末质控)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的 内容概要。 - 21 - All Must Have Degrees In a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country's secondary schools now go straight to universities. Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, it seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters from poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees. Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Romaan of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them. The Economist's analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of workers aged 25－64 with at least a bachelor's degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non­graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement. 　 　 　 　 【写作指导】　本文是一篇概要写作。概要写作要求只留文章框架和大意。在对较复杂 和较长的文章进行概要写作时，可遵循以下步骤：1.读懂原文，抓住大意；2.确定全文主旨， 定位各段主旨句；3.筛选支持信息，提炼关键词；4.组织语言，转换表达；避免使用原文原 句。 [精彩范文] In South Korea, the young study hard to get degrees for three reasons. (要点 1) Firstly, The rapidly changing technology is challenging, so employers care more about the education of workers. Having a degree is a must. ( 要 点 2) Secondly, with degrees, the youngsters from poor families can demonstrate their abilities. (要点 3) Lastly, people can earn more money. Without degrees, their life will be difficult. (要点 4) - 22 - 书面表达策略探究(八) 书面表达题的解题步骤与方法 要做好书面表达题，首先必须掌握好解题的基本步骤、方法。其基本方法可归纳成以下 几点： 1．合理地安排好整个考试时间。 高考试题量大、覆盖的知识面广，部分题目难度高，一时不易准确地判断出答案，如不 合理地划分好各部分解题的大体时间，往往会出现在时间分配问题上前松后紧的现象。所以 解题应根据先易后难、先简后繁的原则，在答第一卷试题时保持一定的速度。留下 25～30 分 钟来完成书面表达。 2．细心审题。 在动笔写草稿之前，花 2～3 分钟，把试题细读两遍。这样才能透彻地理解题意，弄清楚 试题要求。历届考生中，不看清题意，动笔就写从而犯了不该犯的错误的考生大有人在。 3．抓住中心，列出要点。 在细读试题，领会了题意，明确了要求之后，下一步应围绕文章中心，把内容要点一一 列出。列要点时，要紧扣试题内容要求，不增也不减。与此同时，考虑好可以表达要点的词 汇、句型等。 4．根据试题要求和列出的内容要点，写出初稿。初稿要求内容全面，语言规范。 5．精心修改，扬长避短，灵活处理。 反复细读初稿，注意从文章形式与内容两个方面去改进。在形式上，要注意格式规范、 分段合理、起承转合合理、层次清楚等；在内容上，一定要用自己最有把握的词、词组、句 型去表达，要用英语思维来行文，不能逐字逐句硬译。 6．认真书写，保持卷面整洁、准确。 修改好后，在答卷纸上抄上答案。根据以往的阅卷经验，抄写答案时要注意三个问题： (1)注意英语书写中的大小写问题。 (2)注意书写的格式与拼写正确性。 ①字母书写要工整、正确，如 u，v，q，a，h，k 等，首先要做到写得工整，让阅卷老师 一眼看得出来。如对连写不太熟悉，不能乱连一气，让老师无法辨认内容的卷子是无法评分 的。 ②词与词之间要留一个字母的间隔，句子开头一行应比第二行缩进去 4 个字母的空间， 每行书写要对齐，不到万不得已，不断开字母移行。如一定要在一个单词中间移行，要遵守 移行规则。 ③单词中不能涂去字母，在其上方补上一个字母。如单词拼错，用橡皮擦去该字母，在 原位改，或去掉整个单词，在其上方补上一个完整的单词。 (3)注意正确地使用标点符号。 7．反复检查。誊写完毕，应反复检查，力求无误。