【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解板五篇训练（含有解析）学案（8页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解板五篇训练（含有解析）学案（8页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解板5篇训练 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。‎ Wondering which New York City museums to see first? These four Manhattan institutions are the city’s most visited.‎ Metropolitan Museum of Art Visitors per year: more than 6 million The draw: one of the world’s most comprehensive art museums, with nearly 2 million works of art from five millennia of human history.‎ Highlights: popular permanent exhibitions include the American Wing, Egyptian Art — especially the cavernous room devoted to the Temple of Dendur — and Medieval Art.‎ Best time to beat the crowd: around 11 a．m., once the opening lines have dissipated.‎ American Museum of Natural History Visitors per year: almost 5 million The draw: a science museum with dinosaur fossils, exhibitions chronicling virtually all known animal and human history and, yes, some eyepopping IMAX movie action.‎ Highlights: the Butterfly Conservatory features hundreds of live butterflies in a heated environment that feels like an oasis (绿洲) in winter.‎ Best time to beat the crowd: late afternoons or early on Sunday mornings.‎ Museum of Modern Art Visitors per year: 3 million The draw: modern works that, in some cases, push the boundaries of what many people think of as art.‎ Highlights: Pablo Picasso, Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh are among the many wellknown artists whose work is on display at MoMA.‎ Best time to beat the crowd: first thing when it opens.‎ Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum Visitors per year: 1 million The draw: a reallife aircraft carrier that saw service in World War Ⅱ and the Vietnam War and is now a museum moored (停泊) along the Hudson River.‎ Highlights: among the sights are the USS Growler submarine, a British Airways Concorde supersonic jet and the Enterprise — a space shuttle used in test flights that may be the most aweinspiring attraction of all.‎ Best time to beat the crowd: first thing when it opens.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了位于纽约市的四个博物馆的一些信息。‎ ‎1. Which is the most visited museum per year?‎ A．Metropolitan Museum of Art.‎ B．American Museum of Natural History.‎ C．Museum of Modern Art.‎ D．Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据每个博物馆介绍中的Visitors per year可知，每年参观Metropolitan Museum of Art的游客数量居于首位。‎ ‎2．Which is the best time to see live butterflies in a museum?‎ A．Around 11 a．m.‎ B．Every early morning.‎ C．In the late afternoon.‎ D．As soon as the museum opens.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据American Museum of Natural History介绍中的“Highlights: ...features hundreds of live butterflies”和“Best time to beat the crowd: late afternoons or early on Sunday mornings.”可知，选C。‎ ‎3．What can visitors enjoy on the Hudson River?‎ A．Flight vehicles.　　　 　B．Modern works of art.‎ C．IMAX movies. D．Egyptian Art.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum下的介绍可知，这里有：USS Growler号潜艇、英国航空公司的协和式超音速喷气飞机、航天飞机等。由此可知，在这里可以看到飞行器。‎ B The loneliest chimp (黑猩猩) in the world just got the best surprise — a hug from a new friend. Ponso has been by himself for nearly three years, finding himself alone after his wife and children died on the island where they were abandoned by a medical testing company many years ago.‎ For years a nearby villager named Germain has been Ponso’s only company, visiting him so often to bring bananas and bread — the chimp’s only source of food on the tiny island. It was clear how much Ponso missed companionship when he was recently visited by Chimpanzee Conservation Centre Director Estelle Raballand. The chimp immediately embraced Estelle Raballand in a huge hug and laughed as she reached out for him, with his smile from ear to ear.‎ For those who know Ponso’s backstory, his immediate ease and trust in humans might be surprising. Ponso was one of 20 chimps, all between the ages of 7 to 11 years old, relocated to an island off the Ivory Coast after being used for testing. After the tests were completed in 2005, the lab reportedly transferred the chimps to a string of islands, occasionally dropping off food and water because there was none in the chimps’ new ‎ homes.‎ Disease and hunger soon left only Ponso, his mate and their two children standing. But at the end of 2013 they died within days and Ponso is now completely alone.‎ A group called SOS PONSO is trying to raise money for the poor lonely chimp, already achieving its goal of 20,000 — all of which will be used for Ponso’s care.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了一只用于实验但最后被抛弃在荒岛上的一只孤独的黑猩猩的故事。‎ ‎4．What do we know about the chimp Ponso?‎ A．He was deserted by his family.‎ B．He found many sources of food.‎ C．He came to the island for a test.‎ D．He suffers from loneliness greatly.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句并结合全文的整体内容可推知，Ponso很孤独。‎ ‎5．How did Ponso feel about the visit of Estelle Raballand?‎ A．Excited. B．Frightened.‎ C．Embarrassed. D．Confused.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，Estelle Raballand看望Ponso时，Ponso很激动，笑得合不拢嘴。‎ ‎6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?‎ A．The chimps’ new settlements.‎ B．How Ponso came to the island.‎ C．Why Ponso was used for a test.‎ D．The medical test about chimps.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。根据第三段的“For those who know Ponso’s backstory”以及本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述了大猩猩Ponso是如何来到这个岛上的。‎ ‎7．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．Germain won’t visit Ponso anymore.‎ B．A new lab will be built on the island.‎ C．Many people show concern for Ponso.‎ D．More chimps will be brought to the island.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的整体内容可知，帮助Ponso的筹款项目目标已经完成，由此可推知，人们对Ponso的状况很关心。‎ C It was December 25, 1914, only 5 months into World War Ⅰ. German, British, and French soldiers, already sick and tired of the senseless killing, disobeyed their superiors and started socialising with “the enemy” along twothirds of the Western Front.‎ German troops held up Christmas trees with signs “Merry Christmas”. Thousands of troops ran across the battlefields covered with dead bodies. They sang Christmas songs, exchanged photographs of loved ones back home, shared food and even played football. Soldiers hugged men they had been trying to kill a few short hours before. They agreed to warn each other if their officers forced them to fire their weapons, and to aim high.‎ Fear ran through the military leaders on both sides. They felt that their power was being challenged: soldiers declaring their brotherhood with each other and refusing to fight. Generals declared this unexpected peacemaking illegal and said that participating soldiers would face a military court. Those found guilty would be imprisoned or even shot. By March 1915 the socialising movement had been destroyed and the killing machine was back in full operation. Over the next three years more than fifteen million people died in the war.‎ Not many people have heard the story of the Christmas Truce (休战). On Christmas Day, 1988, a local radio host in Boston played “Christmas in the Trenches”， a song about the Christmas Truce, several times and was stunned by his listeners’ response. Thousands of people called in, praising the song, with many moved to tears by the amazing events it describes.‎ You can probably guess why the callers were in tears. The Christmas Truce story goes against most of what we have been taught about people. It lets us see the world as it can be and says, “This really happened once.” It shows us the potential we have as humans, and contradicts all of those TV and newspaper stories that tell us how mean and heartless people are. It is like hearing that our deepest wishes really are true: the world really can be different.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一战期间，随着战争残酷性的加深，士兵的反战情绪日益高涨，一些士兵拒绝执行作战命令，战场上竟然出现了“圣诞休战”。‎ ‎8．The soldiers began socialising with the enemy because ________.‎ A．they couldn’t bear the meaningless killing B．it was the best way to avoid being killed C．they feared that they would be caught D．their enemies were from similar backgrounds 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句可知，士兵因为厌烦毫无意义的杀戮，开始拒绝执行作战命令，并且开始和“敌人”交往。故选A。‎ ‎9．How did the generals finally put an end to the soldiers’ socialising?‎ A．They sent the soldiers’ loved ones to prison.‎ B．They moved the two groups of soldiers further apart.‎ C．They increased the number of officers to control the soldiers.‎ D．They warned the soldiers that they would face severe punishment.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的第三、四句可知，将军对士兵进行了严厉的警告，违令者会被监禁甚至枪杀。故选D。‎ ‎10．The underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “________”．‎ A．satisfied B．shocked C．amused D．confused 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句可知，电台主持人播放了几次这首歌后，被听众的反应“震惊”了。故选B。‎ ‎11．The author uses the story of the soldiers to imply that human beings ________.‎ A．are not trustworthy under stress B．are naturally aggressive and warlike C．are basically caring and kindhearted D．will always do what is in their own selfinterest 解析：选C　写作意图题。本文主要讲述了一战期间，随着战争的残酷性加深，士兵的反战情绪日益高涨，一些士兵拒绝执行作战命令。本文旨在告诉我们：人们仁慈善良，从内心渴望世界和平。故选C。‎ D Cheerleading (拉拉队) dates back to the late 19th century, when crowds began to chant and yell to encourage their teams. Credit for the first organized cheer was given to a University of Minnesota student named Johnny Campbell, who got the students to shout “Rah, rah, rah! Skuumar, Hoorah! Hoorah! Varsity! Varsity! Varsity, Minnesota！” for their football team in the 1898 season. Soon after, a yellleader group of six male students was organized, a practice that became popular at numerous other universities.‎ For the first few decades of its history cheerleading was an allmale activity, but by the 1920s, women began to take part in the activity as well. Nowadays more than 90% of America’s cheerleading participants are female.‎ In 1948, Lawrence Herkimer, a former Southern Methodist University cheerleader formed the National Cheerleaders Association (NCA). Herkimer is credited with creating many of cheerleading’s fundamental moves. ‎ Cheerleading remained in its supporting role until the 1980s, when cheerleading ‎ competitions, organized by the National Cheerleaders Association and other groups, started to grow in popularity. For the first time, teams got off the sidelines and took centre stage, competing with teams from all over the U．S.‎ Today cheerleaders can be found at almost any kind of sporting event, including the Olympics and the Cricket World Cup. The sport has spread from the U. S. to many other countries, like Mexico.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，简单介绍了拉拉队的发展历史。‎ ‎12．Which of the following is TRUE to the first organized cheer?‎ A．It started in the early 19th century.‎ B．It made crowds around the school chant and yell to encourage their teams.‎ C．It had the students shout certain words for their football team.‎ D．It got a group of six male students to shout for their football team.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。第一段第二句提到，第一次有组织的加油要归功于明尼苏达大学的学生强尼·坎伯，在1898年赛季他让学生(而非学校周围的人或者六个男学生)喊口号为他们的足球队助威，故C正确。‎ ‎13．At the early years of the cheerleading history ________ took part in the activity.‎ A．only men B．only girls C．both males and females D．both youths and adults 解析：选A　细节理解题。第二段第一句提到，在拉拉队出现的早期，拉拉队的活动全是男性参加，而到了20世纪20年代才有了女性参加。‎ ‎14. After the 1980s, teams of cheerleading ________.‎ A．played their part on the sidelines B．could play their part on the centre stage C．stayed the same as they were before D．were completely different from what they were before 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，20世纪80年代之后，拉拉队离开场外区域，进入了场区的中心位置，并且和来自全美的其他队伍竞争。故B项正确。‎ ‎15．The best title for this passage may be “________”．‎ A．People who started cheerleading B．How cheerleading was started C．What cheerleading means D．A brief history of cheerleading 解析：‎ 选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了拉拉队的发展历史。故D项做文章标题最佳。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Yawn! If you often feel too tired in the mornings, even if you’re getting 8 hours in, then this article is for you. Waking up still tired is pretty common — but that doesn’t mean it’s natural. __16__ The following tips may help.‎ Body scan. When you open your eyes, even if you have to madly turn off your annoying alarm, lie back down for 2 minutes to do a quick body scan. First, take four deep breaths. __17__ This will leave you feeling very calm.‎ Say something you’re grateful for. This simple, short act gives us a moment to take our minds off all of our responsibilities, tasks, projects and deadlines — and instead give thanks for another day of life. __18__‎ Listen to your favorite songs. __19__ There is a list of recordings for waking up and getting up in a shiny mood but you can pick anything you like.‎ ‎__20__ Having set sleep and waking times is so important for ensuring you feel energetic and happy in the mornings. Your body begins to expect sleeping and waking up, making it less likely that you’ll wake up tired.‎ A．Keep your routine.‎ B．Try to develop good habits.‎ C．Then, start at your toes and feet.‎ D．Music will make you energetic all day.‎ E．It will take you much energy to do it.‎ F．We are deserving of a peaceful start to each new day.‎ G．This can take 60 seconds but give peace to the day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。即便睡了8个小时，但有些人早晨起来仍然很疲惫，这该怎么办呢？文章就如何保持充沛的精力提出了一些建议。‎ ‎16．选F　上文提到，早晨起来仍然很疲惫是很常见的，但并不意味着这是件自然的事情。F项意为“我们每天都应该有一个平静的开始”承接上文话题，同时也是下文要提出建议的原因。故F项正确。‎ ‎17．选C　下文提到，这将会使你感到非常平静；由此可知，上文应是关于让人感到平静的方法。C项“然后，活动你的脚趾头和脚”符合语境，且照应上文的“First”。故C项正确。‎ ‎18．选G　上文提到，说一些你感恩的事情。G项“这会花费你60秒钟的时间，但会给你一天的平静”承接上文话题，且照应该段主题句“Say something you’re grateful for.”‎ ‎。故G项正确。‎ ‎19．选D　上文提到，听听自己喜欢的歌曲。D项“音乐会使你整天都精力充沛”承接上文话题，符合语境。故D项正确。‎ ‎20．选A　此处为该段主题句。通读该段内容可知，每天的睡眠和起床时间要固定，这对保证每天早晨的充沛精力和愉悦心情非常重要。由此可知，A项“保持生活规律”符合语境，适合做主题句。故A项正确。‎