2020届二轮英语复习冠词课件(共42张)

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2020届二轮英语复习冠词课件(共42张)

冠词(the Article) 1. 考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法 2. 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法 3. 考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法 4. 考查零冠词(即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法 5. 考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法 6. 考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法 7. 考查冠词在比较级前的用法 8. 考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法 考纲、考点解读 : 冠词是一种虚词,无词义,也没有数和格的变化,不 能独立使用,常常放在名词前,帮助说明这个名词的意 义。复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则: 其一:单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指; 其二:复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时,其前不 加冠词; 其三:无论可数名词还是不可数名词,表示特指其前都 要加定冠词the。 其四:可数名词单数前不能没有冠词或其他限定词。 知识要点: 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名 词的前面,说明名词所指的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词可 以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在, 用于表示的名词数量或者特征。 一 冠词的定义: 冠词分为不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)“a,an”、定 冠词(The definite Article)“the”和零冠词“(/)”三种,零 冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。 二 冠词的分类: 1. 不定冠词用在首次提到的人或物之前,表示泛 指。 e.g.:There is a park on the corner of the street. 在这条街的拐角处有个公园。 三 不定冠词的用法 2. 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物。 e.g.:A teacher must love his students. 教师必须热爱学生。 3. 不定冠词表示单位,有“每一”之意,相当于 any, every, per e.g.: This cloth is 5 yuan a metre. 这种布料5元一米。 4. 不定冠词用在物质名词、抽象名词之前,表示 “一阵,异常,一种……”等等,也可以表示引起某 种情绪的事,即抽象名词具体化使用。 e.g.: Honesty is a virtue. 诚实是一种美德。 It’s a pity that you missed this chance. 你错过这次机会是件很遗憾的事。 5. 不定冠词用在人名前,表示说话者对此人不认 识;用于星期中的某一天的名称前,表示“某星 期几”,相当于a certain,也可以指与某人名有 类似性质的人或物。 e.g.: A Mr. Wang came to see you this morning. 今天早上一位王先生来找过你。 6. 用在有修饰词的地名前,表示“一个……样的地方”。 e.g.: She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago. 7. 用在带有修饰词的、表示三餐饭, 季节,月份,日期的名词之前,表示“一 顿……的午(晚)饭,一个……的季节,月份”等。 e.g.: He likes to have a quick breakfast. 他喜欢吃快早餐。 We had a very cold winter last year. 注:在餐名前通常不用冠词。但由于受定语quick的影响,其前用不定冠词, 表示“某种”。此时的不定冠词通常有“a kind of” 之意。 8.用在 “a most+adj.”结构中,表示“很、非常……”,其中most 用来加强语气,表示“很”,“极,非常”。 e.g.: It’s a most important meeting,and everyone must attend it. 这是一次重要会议,每个人都必须参加。 Hangzhou is a most beautiful city,where you can see the famous West Lake. 该句不含比较意义,因此在most之前不加the; 而West Lake为专有 名词,但其前有修饰语,所以此处应表示特指。 9. 用在序数词之前,表示“又一,再一”。 e.g.: Would you like a second cup of tea? (a second cup=another cup) 你想再来一杯茶吗? The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 序数词与定冠词连用表示顺序,而与不 定冠词连用表示“再一,又一”。 10.表示性质特征,等于“相同” e.g.: They are of a height. 他们一样高。 11.用于coffee, food, tea, fruit, fog, rain, snow, wind等物质名词前,表示 “一种,一杯,一场” e.g.: a heavy rain 12. 固定搭配:for a while,once upon a time,as a rule,all of a sudden,on an average,as a whole,in a hurry, have/take a rest,keep an eye on,in a way,make it a rule, once in a while,with a smile,lend a hand,make a living, make a promise,dream a ...dream,live a ...life,make an effort,make an apology,pay a visit to, have a swim/talk/walk/dance/look/quarrel, have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary, at a loss, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance, as a matter of fact等 不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音音素开头的词前,而不 是辅音字母前;"an"用在以元音音素开头的词前,而不是元音字母前, (例如hour,第一个元音是“а”,故用an。当字母单独出现时 A E I O R S F H L X 也要使用不定冠词"an",其次特别要注意的是 U 这个字母 单独出现发的并不是元音, 同理UNIVERSITY ,USUAL也都不用不定冠词 "an”。但UNCLE要用“an”)。确定用“a”还是“an”,有一个口诀: 不见“原因(元音)”别施“恩(n)”。 a&an 1.特指双方都明白的人或物。 e.g.: Take the medicine. 把药吃了。 2.上文提到过的人或事。 e.g.: He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房 子。我去过那幢房子。 四 定冠词的用法 3.指世上独一物二的事物。 e.g.: the sun太阳,the sky天空,the moon月亮,the earth地球 4.与单数名词连用表示一类事物, 或与形容词或分词连用,表示一 类人。 e.g.: the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;the rich 富人; the living 生者 5.用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only,very,same, right, following等前面,及在just之后 e.g.: Where do you live I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。 That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。 Tips:形容词的最高级表示自身比较时,一般不用任何冠词;但如果是多 者之间比较,则the不能省。 e.g.: He feels happiest when he is working for others. The best student in our class is the shortest boy with the shortest hair. 6.与复数名词连用,指整个群体 e.g.: They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师) 7.表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前,(v+宾语+by +the+身体部位) e.g.: She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。 8.用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前, e.g.: the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国 9.用在表示西洋乐器或表示方位的名词之前 e.g.: She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。 Beijing, lies in the north of China. 10.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人 e.g.: the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇) 11. of 介词短语或分词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前 e.g.: Biology is the science of life. The girl sitting on the grass is from Australia. This is the umbrella that I promised to lend you. 12.用在表示计量的单数名词前,结构by the +计量的单数名词,表示 “以……计算” e.g.: by the hour/day/month/kilogram Tips:若是表计量的总称名词,此结构不需冠词,如:by time/weight/length 13.the+比较级,the+比较级 e.g.: The harder you study, the more progress you will make. 14.用在表示某世纪,年代,时期,或朝代的名词前 e.g.: in the 21st century; in the 1990s; in the Qing Dynasty 15. 用在表示方向、方位的名词前 这类词有:the east东方,the west西方,the south南方, the north北方,the right右边,the left左边 e.g.:The birds are flying to the north. 这些鸟向北方飞去。 The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮从东方升起,在西 方落下。 Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿着这条路 往前走,在第一个路口往右拐。 Tips:方位词成对使用构成平行结构时,不用定冠词。 e.g.:The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 这条 河自西向2000公里长。 They traveled through the country from south to north. 他们自南向北 在这个国家旅行。 16.用在前面已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的名词前 这种用法是先把整个对象说出来,然后再说到那个对象的身体的局部或衣着。 结构:动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take) +sb. +介词(in, on, by, across)+the+身 体部位或衣着 e.g.:She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。 He took the girl by the hand. 他拉着小女孩的手。 He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。 The stone struck the man in the eye. 石头击中了那人的眼睛。 I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。 比:她拍了拍那男孩的头。 She patted the boy on his head. (误,本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用one’s) She patted the boy on the head. (正) 17.用在惯用语中: in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky(water,field,country), in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle(of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 巧计定冠词the用法歌诀: 特指双方熟悉,上文已经提起。世上独一无二,方位名词乐器。某 些专有名词,还有复数姓氏。序数词最高级,习惯用语牢记。 1.国名,人名前通常不用定冠词 e.g.: England,Mary 2.泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词 e.g. They are teachers.他们是教师。 五 零冠词的情况 3.抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词 e.g. Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 4.物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定 冠词 e.g.: Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。 5.在季节、月份、节假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加 冠词 e.g.:月份January 一月 May 五月 October 十月 周日 Monday 星期一 Friday 星期五 Sunday 星期天 季节spring春天 summer夏天 autumn秋天 winter冬天 节日Christmas Day 圣诞节 New Year’s Day 元旦 New Year’s Eve 除夕 National Day 国庆节 Teacher’s Day 教师节 We go to school from Monday to Friday. Tips: 如果月份、季节名词带有修饰语,表示特定的时间,要加定冠词。 季节名词在上下文中表示特定的一段时间,要加定冠词。在以festival 组成的节日前通常用定冠词;但如果是以day组成的节日,其前不加任 何的冠词。 e.g.: They built the bridge in the spring of 2003. 他们是在2003年的春天 修建这座桥的。 The fire broke out on the Friday when they were not at home. 失火是在 星期五,当时他们不在家。 Every person in China enjoys themselves in the Spring festival. Christmas Day is approaching. 6.表示独一无二的职位、职务的名词用作同位语或补足语时,名 词前不加冠词。常见的名词有president,chairman,mayor, head,boss, secretary,leader,monitor,professor等。 e.g.: We elected him monitor. He is Xiao Hong, monitor of our class. Tips: chairman, captain, monitor ,manager这类表示职位的名词, 前面一般为零冠词,但如果这类职务指的是某人,前面要用定冠 词。 e.g. Each player must obey the captain, who is the leader of the team. He is the monitor of our class. 7.在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,或者man/mankind意为 “人类”,word意为“消息”时,不加冠词, 但若表示其他的意思则 要加相应的冠词。 e.g.: have breakfast吃早饭,play chess 打牌 Word came that our Women Football Team won the second prize in the World Cup. 我们的女足获得世界杯第二的消息传来。 Man will conquer nature. 8.当两个名词同指一个人或物时,后面的名词前不用冠词。 e.g.:The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.那个老师,也是作家已来到 会议现场。 9.当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词。 e.g.: by bus乘公共汽车,by train乘火车 10.有些个体名词不用冠词。 e.g.: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class, town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深 层含义/引申含义;若在介词后加上定冠词the表示具体意思(这些词表 示建筑物或事物的用途时,前不加the;但这些词表示具体的地点场所时 则要加the, 但在cinema, theatre 前常要用定冠词,go to the cinema)。 go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital去医院(并不是 去看病,而是有其他目的) out of question 一定,没问题 out of the question 不可能,办不到 sit at table 吃饭 sit at the table 坐桌子边 by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算 be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 11.学科名称,语言,球类运动,棋牌类游戏,竞赛技能等词前 e.g.: We study politics, maths and English. He is good at chess. Tips: 表示语言的名词之后有language 时则要加“the”, 如:the English language 12.可数名词前,已有物主代词,不定代词,名词所有格,及kind of, sort of , type of, piece of 等作定语时 e.g.: Our party is a great party. No book can teach a language perfectly. This is the best kind of typewriter. 13.系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词不加冠词,但名词前若有形容词作定语, 则需加冠词。 e.g. She turned teacher after graduation. She turned a successful singer. 14.不用冠词的序数词。 序数词前有物主代词。如:my first trip 序数词作副词。如:He came first in the race. 在固定词组中。如:at(the)first,first of all,from first to last 15. 在独立主格结构中的某一形式中 e.g.: The teacher came in, book in hand. 16. 两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词 例:arm in arm 臂挽臂 side by side 肩并肩 father and son 父子 one by one 一个接一个 brother and sister  兄妹 sun and moon 日月 from time to time时时,不时 from east to west 从东到西 from beginning to end   自始至终 from morning till night从早到晚 hand in hand手拉手 face to face面对面 mother and child母子 day by day 一天一天的 husband and wife夫妻 day and night日日夜夜 step by step循序渐进 from door to door  挨家挨户 hour after hour  一个小时又一个小时 They are doctor and patient.  他们是医生和病人。 Father and son are playing chess.父子两人在下棋。 They are walking down the road side by side.   他们肩并肩在路上走着。 Husband and wife are sitting in the room.   夫妻俩在房间里坐着。 17. 固定短语 pen and ink, from top to bottom, in case of fire, from morning till night, from beginning to end, at noon/ dawn/ daybreak/ dusk/ night/ midnight, to/at/from work, catch fire, catch sight of, come to light, come to power, give birth to, watch TV/ on TV, every few days, on second thoughts, come/ rank/ come out first, take office 六 exercise 单句改错: This building is an university. It is an European country. I need a hour to finish the work. It is an useful dictionary. It is an European country. I bought an used car. I need a umbrella because it looks like raining. a a an a a a an 六 exercise 单句改错: “Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in hurry.” Please turn off lights before you leave. There are nine planets around a sun. I live on a second floor of this building. I want to learn the second language this term. Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. Look, there are Alps. Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 加a 加the the the a 加the 加the 加the 六 exercise 单句改错: The sun rises in east. Would you please buy some food for the supper? I like to climb the mountain in the autumn. Sometimes my parents come to school to see me. I bought a same dictionary as she bought. The police caught the thief by his arm. He was paid by hour. I went to New York by his car. ^ ^ ^ the the the the the in 六 exercise 单句改错: Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three. The little boy wanted to go to cinema. I live at 105 the Lake street. Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm. The picture looks better at the distance. The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in a hand. ^ ^ ^ the the the a 六 exercise 单句填空: 1.We can never expect  bluer sky unless we create  less polluted world. 2.What  pity that you couldn't be there to receive prize! 3.In order to find better job,he decided to study  second foreign language. 4.George couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson,but he was sure it was   Sunday because everybody was at church. 5.Christmas is   special holiday when   whole family are supposed to get together. 6. (四川高考改编)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _____ Beethoven. 答案 1:a; a 2:a; the 3: a; a 4: a 5: a; the 6:a 四川高考改编)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.
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