【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词学案

‎ 形容词和副词 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点，以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括：‎ ‎1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。‎ ‎2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序，即指示代词/不定代词＋数词(序数词、基数词)＋描绘性形容词＋特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。‎ ‎3．考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。学科-网(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：‎ He is an ill man.(错)‎ The man is ill.(对)‎ She is an afraid girl.(错)‎ The girl is afraid.(对)‎ ‎(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：‎ Tom is a twoyearold boy.‎ ‎2．副词在句中的作用。‎ 副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如：‎ Obviously you are wrong.‎ 二、常用连接性副词的用法 ‎1．though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折意义。‎ ‎2．therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。‎ ‎3．meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。‎ ‎4．moreover“另外”，表示承接关系。‎ ‎5．however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。‎ ‎6．besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。‎ ‎7．instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。‎ 三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级学%科网@网3．多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：‎ an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.‎ ‎【高频考点突破】‎ 考点一、 考查形容词短语辨析 例1．【2015·浙江】Listening is thus an active, not a , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. passive ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：因此听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为。它包含听，理解和记忆。A. considerate意为考虑周全的， B. sensitive意为敏感的，C. reliable意为可靠的，D. passive意为被动的。根据not可以知道前后是反义表达，所以选D。此题的关键是有一个not这是表示否定的，这表明跟前面的active是反义的关系，根据4个选项的意思不能得出答案是 D. passive被动的。‎ ‎【变式探究】（2014安徽卷）My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about what I can do here.‎ A. puzzled B. sensitive C. optimistic D. embarrassed ‎【答案】C ‎ 考点二、考查副词辨析 例2. 【2015·安徽】31.They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies. ‎ A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是一个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。A合法地；B真诚地；C亲自，当面地，个人而言；D故意地。故选C。‎ ‎【变式探究】（2014安徽卷）It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ,supply more jobs.‎ A. however B. anywhere C. therefore D. otherwise ‎【答案】C 【解析】副词however然而；anywhere无论何处；therefore因此；otherwise否则，要不然；另外一方面；句义：在市场上起着更重要的作用是我们的希望，因此通过更多的工作。我们要想在市场上起着更重要的作用是通过提供更多的工作实现的。上下文之间是因果关系。故C正确。‎ 考点三、考查形容词比较级 例3、【2015·四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is he has ever got.‎ A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查最高级和比较级。根据上一句话可知，Andy对这个玩具很满意，故选择D，意为：这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。‎ ‎【变式探究】（2013·天津卷）I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________ meaningful things to do.‎ A. less B．more ‎ C. the least D. the most 解析：B。前面说看电视浪费时间，后面说还有比这更有意义的事要做，需用比较级。句意：我认为每天晚上看电视是在浪费时间——还有更多有意义的事情要做。‎ 考点四、考查形容词修饰名词的词序 例4. It's said that________ scientist is going to give us a lecture.‎ A. an American famous young ‎ B．a famous American young C．a famous young American ‎ D．a young famous American 解析：C。多个形容词修饰名词时的词序：限定描绘大长高→形状年龄和新老→颜色国籍跟材料→作用类别往后靠。famous是描绘性形容词，应放在最前面，American指的是国籍，放在young之后。‎ 考点五、考查倍数的用法 例5. The new bridge is ________the one built last year.‎ A．three times as wider as ‎ B．three times the width of ‎ C．three times the width ‎ D．as three times as ‎ ‎【经典考题精析】‎ ‎ 1.(2015·江苏，31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and (comprehension)review of the case.‎ 解析 句意：警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive 综合的，广泛的。‎ 答案 comprehensive ‎2.(2015·浙江，14)Listening is thus an active, not a (passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ 解析 句意：听是一种积极的，而不是消极的行为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。与前面的形容词active对应，也要用形容词形式，一起作名词behavior的定语。passive被动的，消极的。‎ 答案 passive ‎3.(2015·湖北，27)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be (punctually).‎ 解析 句意：尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近，想准时赶到，他必须快一点。作系动词be的表语要用形容词形式。punctual准时的。‎ 答案 punctual ‎4.(2015·湖北，28)I don't think what he said is (relevance)to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.‎ 解析 句意：我认为他说的与我们正在讨论的主题无关。他跑题了。作系动词is的表语要用形容词形式。relevant有关的；贴切的。‎ 答案 relevant ‎5.(2015·四川，7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the (good)he has ever got.‎ 解析 考查最高级和比较级。句意：Andy对这个玩具很满意，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根据句意应用最高级。‎ 答案 best ‎6.(2015·四川，9)Little Tom sat (amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.‎ 答案 amazed ‎7.(2015·安徽，26)I'm so (gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.‎ 解析 句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。be动词后跟形容词，be grateful to sb感激某人。‎ 答案 grateful ‎8.(2015·福建，23)It was (consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ 解析 句意：为了避免我们担心，米切尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。be动词后用形容词，considerate体贴的；考虑周到的。‎ 答案 considerate ‎9.(2015·浙江，13)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was (former)alive.学科￥网 formerly以前，从前。‎ 答案 formerly ‎10.(2015·湖北，29)The girl used to be shy, but is (gradual)getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.‎ 解析 句意：女孩一度很害羞，但是逐渐地她在分组工作表现得积极主动，变得更愿意表达自己了。在句中作状语修饰动词短语get active要用副词形式。gradually逐渐地，逐步地。‎ 答案 gradually ‎11.(2015·安徽，31)They gave money to the old people's home either (personal)or through their companies.‎ 解析 句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是从个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。修饰动词的应为personally。‎ 答案 personally ‎ 1.（2014浙江卷 ）4. Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.‎ A. strict B. sympathetic C. stubborn D. sensitive ‎【答案】C ‎2.（2014浙江卷 ）13. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______ .‎ A. blindly B. unwillingly C. closely D. carefully ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】副词blindly盲目地，没有目的地； unwillingly不愿意地；closely亲密地；紧密地；carefully细心地；句意：教育的目的是教会别人自己思考而不是盲目地追随他人。根据句意说明A正确。‎ ‎3.（2014大纲卷）27. Raymond’s parents wanted him to have ______ possible education.‎ A. good B. better C. best D. the best ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句义：Raymond的父母亲想要他得到最好的可能的教育。本句是常识，父母亲当然希望自己的孩子能够得到最好的教育，有最好的发展前途。故D正确。‎ ‎4.（2014大纲卷）34. Henry was away from home for quiet a bit and _____ saw his family.‎ A. frequently B. seldom C. always D. usually ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】副词frequently频繁地，经常地；seldom很少；always总是，一直；usually通常。句义：Harry已经离开家有一段时间了，他很少看见他的父亲。根据句义可知他已经离开家了，那么很少有和父亲见面的机会。故使用副词seldom表示否定。故B正确。‎ ‎5.（2014大纲卷）35. --- What did you do last weekend?‎ ‎ --- Nothing _____. ‎ A. much B. else C. ever D. yet ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎6.（2014福建卷）24. With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) way of reaching target customers.‎ A. temporary B. complex C. accurate D. efficient ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是形容词词义辨析temporary暂时的；complex复杂的；accurate准确的，精确的；efficient高效的；句义：随着网络购物越来越流行，因特网被看作是找到目标客户的高效的方法。根据前半句可知网络购物的流行让我们很容易就会找到目标客户，所以因特网是一个很高效的方法。故D正确。‎ ‎2014湖北卷）27. What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.‎ A. awful B. essential C. impressive D. obvious ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题主要考察的是形容词词义辨析。A糟糕的，可怕的，极坏的；B必要的；基本的；D留有深刻印象的；D明显的，显然的；句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利给人印象最深刻的是他赤脚得到了马拉松比赛的第一名。根据句意Jasmine Westland赤脚获得第一名，这是最让人难忘的事情。故C项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎8.（2014湖北卷）28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.‎ A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wild ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题主要考察形容词词义辨析。A谨慎的，小心的；B感激的：C宽容的；容忍的，忍受的；D野生的，野蛮的；句意：她并没有责备打破花瓶的那个孩子，相反她对他宽容地笑了一下，并让他离开了。根据Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase她并没有责备他，说明她很宽容。故C项正确。‎ ‎9.（2014湖北卷）29. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.‎ A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎10.（2014江苏卷）28. The idea "happiness," , will not sit still for easy definition.‎ A. to be rigid B. to be sure C. to be perfect D. to be fair ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考察的是形容词词义辨析。Rigid僵硬的，死板的；sure确信的，肯定的，有把握的；perfect完美一的；fair公平的；句意：“幸福，“可以肯定的是，不是个静态简单的定义。根据句意说明B项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎11.（2014江苏卷）32. I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be occupied.‎ A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是副词词义辨析。Also也；just只不过，仅仅；nevertheless 然而，不过；otherwise要不然；另外；句意：星期天我不能去接你了，另外我还会很忙。根据句意可知本句中的otherwise表示另外，另外方面。故D正确。‎ ‎12.（2014江西卷）23 Thanks for your directions to the house ; we wouldn’t have found it ___.‎ A. nowhere B. however C. otherwise D. instead ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是副词词义辨析。nowhere任何地方都不，无处；however然而；otherwise否则，要不然；instead代替，而不是；句义：多亏了你房子的说明，要不然，我们会找不到的。本句实际上是一个含蓄条件句的虚拟语气，表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句使用的“情态动词+have done”，otherwise=if there had not been your directions to the house。故C正确。‎ ‎（2013·新课标I卷）25. Tony can hardly boil an egg, still ________ cook dinner. ‎ A. less B. little C. much D. more ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】本题考查副词用法。‎ ‎（2013·浙江）18.If what your friend comes up with surprise you, don’t reject it immediately. _____, imagine that it is true.‎ A .Thus B. Besides C. Rather D. Otherwise ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：如果你的朋友所提出的让你惊讶的话，不要马上反驳，而要假设那是对的。A 这样的话，B 并且 C相反地 D否则。‎ ‎【考点定位】副词用法辨析。‎ ‎（2013·浙江）6.If we leave right away,____ we’ll arrive on time.‎ A.hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：如果我们现在走的话，还有望按时到达。 A 有希望地，有可能地 Ｂ好奇地Ｃ偶然地Ｄ逐渐地 ‎【考点定位】副词词义辨析。（2013·福建卷)35. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful ____if we do something to stop progress.‎ A. either B. neither C. too D. also ‎ 【答案】A ‎【解析】考查副词： A也（和否定词连用，位于句末），B也不，C也（用于肯定句的句末），D也，（用于句中）句意：一个社会如果丢弃了传统是不能成功的，但是如果我们阻碍进步也是不能成功的。根据句意排除B项，其他三项虽然都是“也”，但因为这句话是否定句，而且在句末，所以用either，选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查副词 ‎ ‎（2013·福建卷)31. Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy ____ priced bikes.‎ A. competitively B. recently C. reasonably D. affordably ‎ 【答案】D ‎【解析】考查副词辨析：A.有竞争力地，B最近，C合理地，D负担得起地，句意：这些贫穷的需要帮助的学生们高兴的发现一个商店，在那里有他们可以负担得起的价格的自行车。所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查副词辨析 ‎（2013·福建卷)25. The Forbidden City attracts a _____ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.‎ A. constant B. main C. powerful D. shallow ‎ 【答案】A ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析： A连续的，不断的，B主要的，C有力的，D浅薄的，根据句意： 紫禁城每天吸引源源不断的游客，尤其在国庆节。可知选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查形容词辨析 ‎ ‎（2013·湖北卷)27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often ______ rather than based on fixed criteria.‎ A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查形容词的意义。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2013·湖北卷)28. He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ______ contribution to help the community.‎ A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：他毫不自私地把自己从他叔叔那里继承的那笔钱作为已有，向社会作出慷慨的捐献。commercial“ 商业的；贸易的；营利的”；generous“慷慨的，大方的”；comparable“比较的；比得上的”；profitable“有利可图的，有益的”。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查形容词的意义。‎ ‎（2013·湖北卷)29. Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he ______ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.‎ A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查副词的意义。‎ ‎（2013·湖南卷)28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.‎ ‎ A. how B. that C. which D. where ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：别为任何失败泄气，你永远无法知道你离能胜利胜利有多近。修饰副词close，用副词how.‎ ‎【考点定位】考查副词how的用法。‎ ‎（2013·辽宁卷)33.This is by far movie that I have ever seen.‎ A.an inspiring B.a more inspiring C.the most inspiring D.a much inspiring ‎【答案】C.‎ ‎【解析】句意：这是我曾经看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。根据题干中的定语从句限定的范围，再根据by far可修饰形容词的最高级选择答案。‎ ‎【考点定位】 考查形容词的最高级。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2013·辽宁卷)27.Everything seemed to be going for the first two days after I arrived in New York.‎ A.vividly B.generally C.frequently D.smoothly ‎【答案】D.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我到达纽约的前两天好像一切顺利。vividly明显地；generally一般地，通常地；frequently频繁地；smoothly顺利地。根据句意选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查副词辨析。‎ ‎（2013·安徽卷)33. It, s said that the power plant is now large as what it was.‎ ‎ A. twice as B. as twice ‎ C. twice much D. much twice ‎【答案】A