【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气学案（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气学案（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 虚拟语气学案　‎ 虚拟语气 一、if条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎①If you didn't smoke so much, you might get rid of cough sooner.‎ 如果你不抽那么多烟，你可能很快就不咳嗽了。‎ ‎②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.‎ 如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。‎ ‎③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.(安徽高考单选改编)‎ 格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ if条件句中虚拟语气的用法 if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 动词过去式(be的过去式用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 表示过去情况 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 表示将来情况 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 动词过去式 were to＋动词原形 二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气 ‎①If George had followed his father's advice, he would be a lawyer now.‎ 如果乔治听从他父亲的建议，他现在就是一名律师了。‎ ‎②If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.‎ 如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。‎ 三、省略if的倒装句 ‎①Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.‎ 如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。‎ ‎②Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.‎ 如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球赛。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。‎ 四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎①He is old and sick, otherwise he would be taking care of his grandson.(2018·扬州中学高三模拟)‎ 他年老有病，不然他会照看孙子的。‎ ‎②Most believe he would have played for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football.‎ 多数人认为，要不是受了重伤使他退出足坛，上周他本来会为英格兰比赛的。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。‎ 五、(should＋) do ...结构的虚拟语气 ‎①Teachers recommend parents (should) not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.‎ 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。‎ ‎②It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.‎ 人们建议会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎③The order from the commander was that the troops (should) set off for the front immediately.‎ 司令的命令是部队立即出发去前线。‎ ‎④Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.‎ 你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中 常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．用于主语从句中 在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ 六、wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎①I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.　‎ 我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。‎ ‎②I wish that I hadn't agreed to go to Jim's party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.‎ 我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。‎ ‎③We wish we would live on the moon one day.‎ ‎ 但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气 ‎1．对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were)‎ ‎2．对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词 ‎3．对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would/could/might＋动词原形 七、其他句型中的虚拟语气 ‎①—Who has moved upstairs after Mr Smith went abroad？　‎ ‎—No one. My brother would rather his daughter used the flat.‎ ‎——史密斯先生出国后谁搬到楼上了？‎ ‎——没有人。我哥哥希望他的女儿将来搬到楼上去住。‎ ‎②It's high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.‎ 是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。‎ ‎③He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.‎ 他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。‎ ‎④It's really a good chance. If only I could go there!‎ 真是个好机会。我能去那儿该多好啊！‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。‎ ‎2．在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。‎ ‎3．as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。‎ ‎4．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。‎ 常考点一：if条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎1．(2017·江苏高考) ________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A．It were　　　　　　　 B．Were it C．It was D．Was it 解析：选B　句意：如果没有老师们的帮助，这名学生不可能战胜困难。根据语境可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，且句子省略了if并将were提到句首，使用了部分倒装结构。were it not for ...“要不是因为……”。‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put 解析：选A　句意：如果新的安全系统已经被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及句中的信息“would never have happened”可知，句中if引导的是虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的情况进行假设，故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎3．(2016·江苏高考)If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.‎ A．had not been B．should not be C．were not to be D．should not have been ‎ 解析：选A　句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”。故A项正确。‎ ‎4．(2016·天津高考)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I ________.‎ A．were injured B．would be injured C．had been injured D．would have been injured 解析：选D　句意：当时我系了安全带。如果没有系的话，可能已经受伤了。根据if 从句中的hadn't been wearing可知，主句应该用would have done表示对 过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure之间是被动关系，所以选D。‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江高考)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.‎ A．had not fallen B．would not fall C．did not fall D．would not have fallen 解析：选D　句意：如果不是政府和科学家的共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。前半句是省略句，相当于if the government and scientists had not worked together。由此可知主句应该用would have done。‎ ‎6．(2016·北京高考)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.‎ A．told B．had told C．were D．would tell 解析：选B　句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我本来可以帮助到你的。根据语境，本句是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，因此从句中用“had＋过去分词”。‎ 常考点二：含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎7．(2017·天津高考)—Do you have Betty's phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday.‎ A．hadn't been B．wouldn't have been C．weren't D．wouldn't be 解析：选B　句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。”根据句中的时间状语和副词Otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的情况，此时谓语用“could/might/would/should＋have done”，因此选B。‎ ‎8．(2018·苏锡常镇模拟) I could have finished my selfreflection last weekend, but the math classes and exercises ________ all my spare time. ‎ A．take up B．had taken up C．took up D．had been taking up 解析：选C　句意：我本可以上周末就完成反思整理工作的，但数学课和练习占据了我所有的时间。but引导的并列句，以真实的情况表示隐含的虚拟条件。‎ ‎9．What a difficult test! Fortunately I worked hard, otherwise I ________.‎ A．failed B．would have failed C．had failed D．would fail 解析：选B　句意：多么难的一次考试！幸好我用功复习了，否则我肯定不能通过。本句是一个隐含的虚拟条件句，用otherwise“否则，要不然”，省略了条件。根据句意可以看出，主句是与过去事实相反的愿望，所以用would have done。‎ 常考点三：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎10．(2015·天津高考)I wish I ________ at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A．will be B．would be C．have been D．had been 解析：选D　句意：我多希望我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。I wish后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。由空格后的“but I was on a business trip in New York then”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反，故谓语动词用had been。‎ ‎11．(陕西高考)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.‎ A．would stay B．has stayed C．stayed D．stay 解析：选C　句意：我们宁愿女儿和我们待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。would rather“希望，宁愿”，后接从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。谓语用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟，意为“宁愿……，还是……好些”。故答案为C。‎ ‎12．(浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.‎ A．was B．be C．were D．is 解析：选B　此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故选B项。‎ 常考点四：其他句型中的虚拟语气 ‎13．(重庆高考)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ________ it?‎ A．had done B．have done C．did D．am doing 解析：选A　根据语境可知，as if从句用了虚拟语气形式，表示与某一事实相反的情况。因为第一句交代约翰打坏窗子是过去的情况，所以应该选择A项。‎ ‎14．(辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he ________ something instead of just talking.‎ A．will do B．has done C．do D．did ‎ 解析：选D　在句型 “It's high time that ...”中， 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，所以选D项。‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．—How do you find the club?‎ ‎—I ________ it. Everyone is saying its management is going from bad to worse.‎ A．couldn't have joined B．might have joined C．would rather not have joined D．was to have joined 解析：选C　句意：“你认为这家俱乐部怎么样？”“我宁愿没有加入这个俱乐部。每个人都说这个俱乐部的管理越来越差了。”couldn't have done意为“不可能做”；might have done意为“本来可能做”；would rather not have done意为“宁愿没有做”；was to have done意为“本计划做”。根据答语中的后半句“Everyone is saying its management is going from bad to worse.”可知，“我”宁愿没有加入。故选C项。‎ ‎2．I'm sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I ________ the task on schedule.‎ A．would accomplish B．might have accomplished C．must have accomplished D．could accomplish 解析：选B　句意：我很抱歉告诉你我没有赶上最后期限。要是有更好的设备，我可能准时完成任务。分析句意可知，本句是对过去事情的虚拟，主句应该用“would/should/might＋have done”，排除A、D，而must have done sth.表示“过去一定做了某事”，不符合题意。故选B。‎ ‎3．Many believe that whoever makes a great advancement in art or science ________ the same in any other had chance thrown it in his way.‎ A．shall do　　　　　　　 B．could do C．would have done D．would be doing 解析：选C　句意：许多人相信任何一个在艺术或科学上做出成就的人只要有机会，在其他方面也可以。分析句子可知，本句是if引导的与过去相反的虚拟条件句，省略了if，将助动词had提前，正常的语序为：“Many believe that whoever makes a great advancement in art or science ________ the same in any other if chance had thrown it in his way.”故主句用would have done sth.故选C项。‎ ‎4．(2018·南通、徐州高三联考)—Did you go to the lecture by the visiting professor?‎ ‎—No.I ________ it, but I've been busy taking care of my grandma in hospital these days.‎ A．would have attended B．should attend C．must have attended D．would attend 解析：选A　句意：“你去听那个客座教授的讲座了吗？”“没有。我本来要去听的，但这几天我一直忙着在医院照看我奶奶。”这里叙述的是与过去事实相反的假设，表示“本来要做某事却没做”，应用would have done。故选A。‎ ‎5．(2018·盐城市高三期中考试)His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday; otherwise I ________ him up on time.‎ A．will pick B．are picking C．would pick D．would have picked 解析：选D　根据前半句中的“was delayed”和“yesterday”‎ 可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，所以用would have done。‎ ‎6．(2018·镇江市高三期中考试)—Alice, how come you failed the English examination once again?‎ ‎—I didn't work hard and I wish I ________ more attention in class.‎ A．paid B．had paid C．have paid D．was paying 解析：选B　句意：“艾丽斯，你怎么又一次在英语考试中没及格呢？”“我没有努力学习，我多么希望我在课上多用心听。”wish后面跟宾语从句时，宾语从句谓语部分要用虚拟语气。该句表示对过去的虚拟，谓语部分用过去完成时态。‎ ‎7．(2018·淮安高三模拟)When Emma isn't caring for Bowie, she works for four housekeeping clients, including one who requires that she ________ for eight hours.‎ A．iron B．irons C．will iron D．has ironed 解析：选A　require“要求”，其后的宾语从句常用“(should＋)动词原形”，表示虚拟语气，故选A。‎ ‎8．But for the encouraging cheers from the audience, our team ________ such an important match.‎ A．shouldn't have won B．mustn't have won C．needn't have won D．couldn't have won 解析：选D　句意：要不是观众们鼓励性的欢呼，我们队不可能赢得这么重要的比赛。根据该句中的“But for”可知，此处应用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，再结合句意可知，应用couldn't have won。‎ ‎9．(2018·江苏镇江高三联考)—What if I had parked my car here just now?‎ ‎—What luck! You ________.‎ A．would have been fined B．should be fined C．would be fined D．must have been fined 解析：选A　句意：“刚才如果我把车子停在这儿会出现什么情况？”“你太幸运了！如果那样，你会被罚款的。”根据句意可知，本句应该用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。答句中省略了if从句，主句部分谓语动词应该用 ‎“would/should/could＋have done”。‎ ‎10．—Mike went to the hospital alone.‎ ‎—If he ________ me about it, I would have gone with him.‎ A．should tell B．told C．had told D．tells 解析：选C　句意：“迈克一个人去了医院。”“如果他告诉过我的话，我会和他一起去的。”根据前面的动词went和后面主句部分的would have gone可知，本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以从句中用had done。‎ Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I knew (know) what's going on in my little boy's head right now.”‎ ‎2．His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday; otherwise I would_have_picked (pick) him up on time.‎ ‎3．It's high time that we went/should_go (go) back home to visit our grandparents.‎ ‎4．He agreed to our suggestion that we (should)_put (put) on a play at the English evening.‎