【英语】2018届二轮复习连词（并列句）考点学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习连词（并列句）考点学案

并列句考点 由并列连词连接、含有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构的句子叫并列句。综观历届高考试题，对并列句的考查主要涉及以下几种情况。‎ 一、考查表示转折对比关系的并列连词 这类并列句常用并列连词but（但是），yet（可是），while（而，另一方面），however（可是）等连接前后简单句，but常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如：‎ It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。‎ School is over, yet all the teachers are still working. 学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。‎ He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。‎ It's raining hard outside, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。‎ ‎1. but（但是，可是，而，却）‎ 连接两个并列句，有时句中某些词可以省略；连接两个并列成分，可以放在一个句子的句首，后面不接逗号。‎ ‎【考例】 He is a shy man, ____ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.（2017北京卷）‎ A. so B. but C. or D. as ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事或任何人。so意为“因此”；but意为“但是”；or意为“或者”；as意为“因为”。根据句意，前后两个分句表示转折关系，因此选择but。‎ ‎【考例】 I was glad to meet Jenny again, ____ I didn't want to spend all day with her.（2017新课标卷II）‎ A. but B. and C. so D. or ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 考查并列连词。根据句意“再次见到珍妮我很高兴，但我不想整天都和她在一起。”可知应选择表示转折关系的并列连词but。‎ ‎2. yet（但是；尽管如此）‎ 可连接两个句子，用逗号分开，也可在yet前加and，还可以放在一个句子的句首。例如：‎ The car is old, yet it is in good condition. 这辆车旧了，但车况很好。‎ He's pleasant enough, and yet I don't like him. 他人很好，但我却不喜欢他。‎ ‎【考例】 Mike was usually so careful, ____ this time he made a small mistake.（2017浙江卷）‎ A. yet B. still C. even D. thus ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：迈克通常很认真，然而这次他犯了个小错误。still意为“仍旧”；even意为“甚至”；thus意为“因此”，均不符合语境，根据前后语意的转折可确定答案为A。此处yet用做连词，表示转折。‎ ‎3. while（而，但是，可是，却）‎ ‎【考例】 At school, some students are active ____ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.（2017四川卷）‎ A. while B. although C. so D. as ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：在学校，一些学生很活跃，而一些学生却很腼腆，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。some students are active与some are shy为对比关系，根据句意选择A项，while可以连接并列分句，表对比。‎ ‎【考例】 I'd like to study law at university ____ my cousin prefers geography.（2017四川卷）‎ A. though B. as C. while D. for ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 根据句意“我想在大学学习法律，而我的表弟更愿意学习地理”可知，前后两句话表示转折对比关系，用while连接。‎ ‎【考例】 We thought there were 35 students in the dinning hall, ____ , in fact, there were 40. （2017全国卷II）‎ A. while B. whether C. what D. which ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 根据句意“我们原以为在餐厅里有35名学生，可是事实上那儿有40名”可知，前后两句话表示转折意义，用while连接两个并列句。‎ 二、考查表示因果关系的并列连词 这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。‎ ‎1. for for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for则连接两个简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句（结果）+for+简单句（原因）。由并列连词for引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。例如：‎ He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的人。‎ ‎【考例】 He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.（2017北京卷）‎ A. and B. for C. but D. or ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 根据句意“他发现读书变得越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始下降了”，并列连词for连接的分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。‎ ‎【考例】 A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. （2017湖南卷）‎ A. so B. but C. and D. for ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 A man cannot smile like a child与a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone存在因果关系，后者是前者的原因，故用表示原因的并列连词for。‎ ‎2. so so意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而so是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句（原因） +so+简单句（结果）。例如：‎ Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替他代课。‎ ‎【考例】 The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m., ____ it loses a lot of business.（2017北京春季卷）‎ A. for B. or C. but D. so ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 根据句意“商店直到11点才开门营业，所以它失去了很多生意”可知，这是一个前因后果的并列句，用so连接。‎ 三、考查表示选择关系的并列连词 这类并列句常用并列连词or（或者，否则），either... or... （或是……或是；不是……就是）等连接前后简单句。‎ ‎1. or 连接并列成分时，意为“或者，还是”；用于否定句中，意为“也不”，这时不宜用and；还有“否则，要不然”之意，相当于otherwise。‎ ‎【考例】 You have to move out of the way ____ the truck cannot get past you.（2017全国新课标卷）‎ A. so B. or C. and D. but ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：你别挡道，否则那辆卡车过不去。so意为“因此”；or意为“否则，要不然”；and意为“和，与，而且”；but意为“但是”，根据句意应该选择or。‎ ‎【考例】 You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ____ you won't pass the course.（2017北京卷）‎ A. and B. so C. but D. or ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 根据句意“你最好开始更加努力地学习，否则的话你就通不过这门课程的考试”可知，此处表示“否则，要不然”的意思，应使用or连接。‎ ‎【考例】 I grew up in Africa, ____ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.（2017辽宁卷）‎ A. and B. or C. so D. but ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 根据句意“我在非洲长大，或者至少应该说我生命中前十年的大部分时间是在那里度过的”可知应选or，意思是“或者”。‎ ‎2. either... or... （或是……或是；不是……就是）‎ ‎【考例】 Either you or the headmaster ____ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. （1994全国卷）‎ A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 由连词or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only... but also..., whether... or... 等连接并列主语时，应采用就近原则，动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。‎ 四、考查表示并列关系的并列连词 ‎1. and（和，同，与，又，并且）‎ ‎【考例】 Bring the flowers into a warm room ____ they'll soon open.（2017辽宁卷）‎ A. or B. and C. but D. for ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 考查“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句式。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句表示一个较好的结果，or引导的简单句通常表示不好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。句意为：把这些花拿到一个暖和的房子里，它们很快就会开花。由句意可知本题选B。‎ ‎【考例】 Stand over there ____ you'll be able to see it better.（2017天津卷）‎ A. or B. while C. but D. and ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 考查“祈使句+and / or+简单句”句式。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。‎ ‎2. not only... but also... （不仅……而且……）‎ ‎【考例】 Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. （1989全国卷）‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 由连词or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only... but also..., whether... or... 等连接并列主语时，应采用就近原则，动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎3. as well as（同，和，也，除……之外）‎ ‎【考例】 E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication. （1999上海卷）‎ A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 主语后有with / along with / together with / as well as / besides / except / but / like / unlike / rather than / including等+名词或代词时，谓语动词的数应与介词前面的主语一致。‎ ‎4. neither... nor... （既不……也不……） 例如：‎ They worked neither for fame nor for personal gains. 他们工作一不为名，二不为利。‎ ‎5. both... and... （既……又……） 例如：‎ A man should have both courage and wisdom. 人既要有勇气也要有智慧。‎ 五、考查其他并列连词 ‎1. not... but... （不是……而是……）例如：‎ It was not the bones of an animal but of a human being. 这不是动物的骨头，而是人的骨头。‎ ‎【考例】 Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, ____ the way they actually are.（2017湖南卷）‎ A. as B. or C. but D. and ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 根据句意“现实不是你希望事情是什么样子，也不是它们看起来是什么样子，而是它们真正的样子”可知，应使用not... but... ，意思是“不是……而是……”。‎ ‎【考例】 Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ____ their education that causes misunderstanding. （2017全国卷I）‎ A. like B. as C. or D. but ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 根据句意“在两代人之间，常常不是他们的年龄，而是他们接受的教育导致了误解”可知，应使用not... but... ，意思是“不是……而是……”。‎ ‎2. rather than（而不是；与其……宁愿……）‎ ‎【考例】 Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle. （1994全国卷）‎ A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 将本题还原为正常语序可以清楚地看出是prefer to do... rather than do... 句式。‎ ‎3. when（正当那时，突然，相当于and just at that time）‎ ‎【考例】 I had hardly got to the office ____ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.（2017全国大纲卷）‎ A. when B. than C. until D. after ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。hardly... when...是固定句型，意为“刚……就……”。类似的结构还有scarcely... when..., no sooner...than...。以上结构中如果no sooner, hardly, scarcely放在句首时句子用倒装语序。‎ ‎【考例】 He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.（2017辽宁卷）‎ A. why B. where C. when D. while ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句中when相当于and just at that time，意思是“突然”。‎ 六、考查并列句中的省略 并列句中，如果后面分句有词和前面分句的词一样，有时可以省略，以避免重复。例如：‎ I work in a factory and my sister on a farm.（承前省略了work）‎ She could have applied for that job, but she didn't.（承前省略了apply for that job）‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. Excuse me for breaking in, ____ I have some news for you.‎ A. so B. and C. but D. yet ‎2. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.‎ A. arrived B. arrives C. having arrived D. and arrived ‎3. Turn the heat down ____ your cake will burn.‎ A. but B. or C. and D. then ‎4. It must have rained last night, ____ the ground is all wet.‎ A. if B. when C. for D. in case ‎5. ____ many times but he still couldn't understand it.‎ A. Having been told B. Though had been told C. Having told D. He was told ‎6. ____, so he didn't come to school last week.‎ A. Though he was ill B. Being ill C. Having been ill D. He was ill ‎7. There is plenty of rain in the south ____ there is little in the north.‎ A. as B. while C. when D. so ‎8. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him ____.‎ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to ‎9. Mother was cooking ____ father was reading a newspaper.‎ A. for B. but C. when D. while ‎10. ____ you ____ he ____ right.‎ A. Not; but; is B. Either; or; are C. Not only; but also; were D. Not just; but; are ‎11. — I don't like chicken ____ fish.‎ ‎— I don't like chicken, ____ I like fish very much.‎ A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but ‎12. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem ____ they themselves ‎ couldn't.‎ A. once B. then C. while D. if ‎13. Tom took the first prize, ____ was a wonderful achievement for a small child.‎ A. and it B. this C. that D. and which ‎14. They have not enough to eat, they ____ in dirty surroundings, and diseases are ‎ common.‎ A. living B. to live C. live D. lived ‎15. We're going to the bookstore in John's car. You can come with us ____you can meet ‎ us there later.‎ A. but B. and C. or D. then ‎16. ____ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better.‎ A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give ‎17. The students of the music school study ____.‎ A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as music C. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music ‎18. ____ does he do his work well, ____ he helps others with their work.‎ A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Both; and ‎19. Information technology is taught in most schools, ____ we have entered the ‎ information society.‎ A. so B. while C. still D. for ‎20. She is American, ____ she knows little about American history.‎ A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore ‎21. It's really very dangerous. One more step, ____ the baby will fall into the well.‎ A. or B. so C. but D. and ‎22. Li Fang is very busy, ____ she's always helping others with their lessons.‎ A. but B. although C. so D. for ‎23. He must like her, ____ he wouldn't keep calling her.‎ A. or B. and C. but D. for ‎24. We will have a meeting next week, but we don't know ____.‎ A. who B. where C. as D. which ‎25. — Coffee ____ milk?‎ ‎— Only milk, please, ____ I used to like coffee.‎ A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but 并列句考点：‎ ‎1-5 CDBCD　6-10 DBADA　11-15 DCACC　‎ ‎16-20 BBADB　21-25 DAABD