山东省威海市文登区2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

山东省威海市文登区2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

山东省威海市文登区2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试 英语试题 本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。注意事项：‎ ‎1.答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2.选择题，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。笔答题，用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。‎ 第一题听力（共两节，满分30分）该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. How does the woman probably feel now?‎ A. Unworried. B. Strange. C. Sad.‎ ‎2. Where does the conversation probably take place?‎ A. On a bathing beach. B. At a restaurant. C. On a fishing boat.‎ ‎3. What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. A lift. B. A computer. C. Their work.‎ ‎4. What does the woman advise the man to do?‎ A. Cancel his flight. B. Go to bed early. C. Ask for a morning call.‎ ‎5. What does the man think of the maths course?‎ A. Just so so. B. A piece of cake. C. A hard nut.‎ 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。‎ ‎6. What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. A friend in his 30s.‎ B. A thief being wanted. C. An ad in newspaper.‎ ‎7. What are people advised?‎ A. To make an appointment with the repairman.‎ ‎ B. Not to let anyone in without an appointment.‎ C. To watch out for those from the electricity board.‎ 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。‎ ‎8. What does the woman tend to do by the call?‎ A. Place an order. B. Ask for a job. C. Return some goods.‎ ‎9. How much more does the 45 board cost than the 44?‎ A. 15 pounds. B. 50 pounds. C. 387 pounds.‎ ‎10. What may the woman do tomorrow?‎ A. Visit the department. B. Report to her boss. C. Ring back.‎ 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。‎ ‎11. What does the man say about his job?‎ A. He has to work extra hours. B. He can manage it quite well. C. He is thinking of changing it.‎ ‎12. Which train does the man take to work every day?‎ A. The 6: 00 one. B. The 6: 30 one. C. The 7: 30 one.‎ ‎13. What does the man usually do on the morning train?‎ A. Do his work. B. Chat with friends. C. Read newspapers.‎ 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。‎ ‎14. What does the woman say about her passport?‎ A. She has probably left it in a taxi.‎ B. She is going to get it at the airport.‎ C. She has packed it in one of her bags.‎ ‎15. Why does the man ask the woman to hurry?‎ A. The plane is taking off. B. The taxi is waiting. C. Only 20 minutes is left.‎ ‎16. What’s the possible relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and secretary. C. Mother and son.‎ 听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。‎ ‎17. How long ago did the story happen?‎ A. Less than 100 years. B. More than 100 years. C. More than 150 years.‎ ‎18. What did Nasmith do to interest his students one winter day?‎ A. He taught them to play a new game.‎ B. He took them to watch a basketball game. C. He trained them to play European football.‎ ‎19. According to the speaker, what was the problem they met?‎ A. There being no rules.‎ B. Climbing up to score a ball.‎ C. Getting the ball out of the basket.‎ ‎20. How was the problem solved?‎ A. By changing rules of using the basket. ‎ B. By lowering the position of the basket.‎ C. By taking away the bottom of the basket.‎ 第二题完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ When Brooks Dame was in high school, a friend, Jessica had a serious disease. Thanks to specialized treatment which was made possible by bone marrow donors(骨髓捐赠者), Jessica ___1___ .‎ The experience of watching Jessica go through the ___2___ finally encouraged Brooks to ___3___ his fear of needles and sign up to be a bone marrow donor.‎ A year later, Brooks received a phone call about a possible ___4___. A man in his 30s was fighting a hard battle with a cancer. “I was ___5___, but I thought a lot about that man,” Brooks remembers. “This was his last chance of survival.”‎ After a series of tests (including needles), Brooks flew to a ___6___ in Denver for the donation. “It is dangerous and very ___7___, but I knew it was the right thing to do,” Brooks says.‎ ‎“The more I thought about that man and his family, the more I hoped that my small sacrifice(‎ 牺牲), in some way, made a ___8___.”‎ Afterwards, Brooks was still afraid of ___9___. But what he’d gained was much greater than fear. He had ___10___ that it was worth any sacrifice to help another person survive.‎ ‎1. A. survived B. failed C. suffered D. won ‎2. A. tests B. treatment C. examination D. tasks ‎3. A. hide B. fight C. admit D. express ‎4. A. match B. danger C. partner D. visit ‎5. A. eager B. anxious C. nervous D. excited ‎6. A. college B. meeting C. hospital D. charity ‎7. A. harmful B. meaningful C. hopeful D. painful ‎8. A. living B. difference C. decision D. mistake ‎9. A. needles B. stress C. death D. blood ‎10. A. planned B. heard C. wondered D. learned ‎【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Brooks成为一名骨髓捐赠者的经历。骨髓捐赠对于捐赠者而言是危险的并且非常地痛苦，但在Brooks看来，即便是这样，帮助别人延续生命也是值得的。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了在骨髓捐赠者帮助下使Jessica得到了专门的治疗，Jessica活了下来。A. survived 存活，幸存；B. failed失败；C. suffered遭受；D. won赢得。在骨髓捐赠者的帮助下，Jessica患病后活下来了，survive这个词在文章最后出现了。故选A。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：感受着Jessica的治疗经历最终促使Brooks战胜了对穿刺的恐惧并登记成为骨髓捐献者。A. tests测试；B. treatment治疗；C. examination检查；D. tasks任务。由上一段中的treatment可知，在Brooks捐赠骨髓后，Jessica经历的是“治疗”。故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：感受着Jessica的经历最终促使Brooks战胜了对穿刺的恐惧并登记成为骨髓捐献者。A. hide隐藏；B. fight与……斗争，打架；C. admit承认；D. express表达，表露。Brooks登记成为骨髓捐献者说明Brooks战胜了对穿刺的恐惧。故选B。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，Brooks接到了一个电话，电话中说到有一位病人可能与他的骨髓相匹配。A. match匹配，比赛；B. danger危险；C. partner伙伴；D. visit访问。根据常识可知，骨髓捐赠是需要进行匹配的，前文提到了Brooks登记成为骨髓捐献者，病人需要进行骨髓的匹配，以进行骨髓移植。故选A。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我当时很紧张，但是对于那个人我思考了很多，” Brooks回忆道。A. eager渴望的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. excited兴奋的。由第3小题可知，Brooks害怕穿刺检查，因此他在想到捐献骨髓一事时会感到紧张，anxious不合乎语境。故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过一系列检查（包括穿刺），Brooks飞往丹佛的医院进行骨髓捐赠。根据常识可知，骨髓捐赠应该是在医院进行的。A. college大学；B. meeting会议；C. hospital医院；D. charity慈善机构，仁爱。故选C。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brooks说：“这很危险并且非常痛苦，但我知道我做的事情是正确的”。A. harmful有害的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. hopeful充满希望的；D. painful 痛苦的。Brooks坚持捐献骨髓，他进行了穿刺，这对于Brooks而言是很痛苦的，因此选择painful和dangerous并列，符合but前后的语意关系，harmful不合乎语境。故选D。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对那个人和他的家人的思考越多，我越希望我的一点牺牲在某种程度上为他的家庭带来改变。A. living生活；B. difference差异； C. decision决定；D. mistake错误。make a difference：有影响， 起作用。Brooks希望自己的付出能为那个家庭带来希望，发挥作用。故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：思考之后Brooks仍然害怕穿刺。A. needles针，针头；B. stress压力；C. death死亡；D. blood血液。由第3题后面的“his fear of needles”及本句的still可知，此处应选择needles，表示“穿刺”。故选A。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他明白了帮助另一个人活下来做出任何的牺牲都是值得的。A. planned计划；B. heard听见；C. wondered想知道；D. learned学到，学会，得知。that 后面的内容是Brooks通过帮助别人延续生命所得到的收获。故选D。‎ 第三题阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Being home to the largest secondhand bookstore in the world, Hay-on-Wye is more than just a small town in Wales--it’s a book heaven on earth.‎ The history of Hay-on-Wye as the “town of books” began on the April Fool’s Day of 1977. A man called Richard Booth announced the independence of Hay-on-Wye as a kingdom of books, with him as the king. Since then, he has managed to build a healthy tourism industry based on books. Today thousands of visitors come to Hay-on-Wye every year to look for whatever books they need.‎ Before Booth’s great idea, Hay-on-Wye was a slowly dying town having less than 2,000 people, with no real economy or notable local businesses. The king of Hay-on-Wye opened his first bookstore in 1961, and later encouraged his friends in the trade to come to Hay. After a few years, he filled almost every building with books. Hay-on-Wye now has over thirty bookshops, many selling second-hand books, which has made the town attractive for book collectors.‎ Hay-on-Wye has its special honor with over one million books traded here every year. Unlike other book dealers, Richard Booth doesn’t center on any one topic. He buys any type of books believing that every book is valuable and someone in the world wants it. Book lovers from all over the world come to Hay-on-Wye because a large number of books found here are at low prices.‎ Since 1988, Hay-on-Wye has also been the place for a famous literary(文学) festival, now supported by The Guardian, which draws about 80,000 visitors over ten days at the beginning of June to see and hear big literary names from all over the world.‎ Once a dying small town, Hay-on-Wye is now an attractive tourist town, with ten percent of its population working in the book business, and local businesses benefiting from the waves of tourists coming here in search of books.‎ ‎11. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?‎ A. Hay-on-Wye became independent in 1977.‎ B Hay-on-Wye used to be a tourist attraction.‎ C. Richard Booth got fooled on the April Fool’s Day of 1977.‎ D. Richard Booth was to make Hay-on-Wye a book heaven.‎ ‎12. What is mainly talked about Hay-on-Wye in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Its bookshops. B. Its unusual feature.‎ C. Its development. D. Its local businesses.‎ ‎13. What is special about Richard Booth as a book dealer?‎ A. He sells only valuable books. B. He collects books of any type.‎ C. He himself is knowledgeable. D. He is supplied by The Guardian.‎ ‎14. The reasons why visitors come to Hay-on-Wye include ______.‎ ‎① low prices of books ‎ ‎② a large range of books ‎③ famous book dealers ‎ ‎④ a famous literary festival A. ①②③ B. ①②④‎ C. ①③④ D. ②③④‎ ‎15. Which may be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Hay-on-Wye, World of Books B. Hay-on-Wye, Birthplace of Literature C. Hay-on-Wye, Source of Knowledge D. Hay-on-Wye, Famous Literary Festival ‎【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了作为世界上最大的二手书店的所在地，Hay-on-Wye不仅是威尔士的一个小镇，它也是一个书籍的天堂。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A man called Richard Booth announced the independence of Hay-on-Wye as a kingdom of books, with him as the king. Since then, he has managed to build a healthy tourism industry based on books.”可知，一个名叫Richard Booth的人宣布Hay-on-Wye成为书籍王国，以他为国王。从那以后，他成功地建立了以书籍为基础的健康旅游业。即Richard Booth是要让Hay-on-Wye成为书的天堂。故选D。‎ ‎12题详解】‎ 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Before Booth’s great idea, Hay-on-Wye was a slowly dying town ‎ having less than 2,000 people, with no real economy or notable local businesses. The king of Hay-on-Wye opened his first bookstore in 1961, and later encouraged his friends in the trade to come to Hay. After a few years, he filled almost every building with books. Hay-on-Wye now has over thirty bookshops, many selling second-hand books, which has made the town attractive for book collectors.”可知，在Booth提出他的想法之前，Hay-on-Wye是一个落后的城镇，人口不到2,000人，没有实体经济或知名企业。Booth在1961年开设了第一家书店，后来鼓励他的同行朋友来到Hay。几年后，他几乎在每座建筑物中都装满了书籍。Hay-on-Wye现在拥有30多家书店，许多书店出售二手书，这使该镇吸引了图书收藏者。由此可知，第3段主要是关于Hay-on-Wye发展历程的介绍。故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unlike other book dealers, Richard Booth doesn’t center on any one topic. He buys any type of books believing that every book is valuable and someone in the world wants it.”可知，与其他图书经销商不同，Richard Booth经营的图书不局限在某一个主题上。他购买任何类型的书籍，相信每本书都是有价值的，世界上总有人需要它。即Richard Booth作为书商的特别之处在于他收集任何类型的书籍。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Book lovers from all over the world come to Hay-on-Wye because a large number of books found here are at low prices.”可知，来自世界各地的书迷们之所以来此是因为这里有大量价格低廉的书籍。根据倒数第二段中的“Since 1988, Hay-on-Wye has also been the place for a famous literary(文学) festival, now supported by The Guardian, which draws about 80,000 visitors over ten days at the beginning of June to see and hear big literary names from all over the world.”可知，自1988年以来，Hay-on-Wye一直是著名的文学艺术节的举办地，现在由《卫报》（Guardian）赞助，在六月份电影节开始的前十天内吸引了约80,000名游客，你将看到和听到来自世界各地的知名文学家的名字。再结合第3小题的分析可知，访客来到Hay-on-Wye的原因包括：书籍价格低廉、书籍种类繁多和著名的文学节。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，作为世界上最大的二手书店的所在地，Hay-on-Wye不仅是威尔士的一个小镇，它也是一个书籍的天堂。因此A项（Hay-on-Wye是书籍的世界）符合文章内容，可以作为标题。故选A。‎ B Over the last two decades (十年), the Earth has seen an increase in vegetation (植被) and China and India are leading the increase in greening on land. The result comes mostly from tree planting programs in China and intensive agriculture(集约农业) in both countries.‎ Researchers from Boston University found that global green area has increased by 5% since the early 2000s, an area equal to the size of Amazon rainforest. Among the increased area, China and India contribute to about 33%, especially China, with 25% itself. China’s great contribution came mostly from its programs to protect and expand forests, which is about 42%. These programs were developed in an effort to reduce the effect of desertification, air pollution and climate change.‎ Another 32% of the greening change in China, and 82% in India, resulted from intensive agriculture of food crops. The land area used to grow crops in China and India has not changed much since the early 2000s. Yet both countries have greatly increased the total green area and food production in order to feed large populations. The lead author Chi Chen of Boston University said,‎ ‎“That is a surprising finding, since it is generally believed that land degradation(退化) in populous countries is usually more serious.”‎ Rama Nemani, a research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, saw a positive message in the new findings. “Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it,” However, the researchers rang bells as well. They pointed out that the gain did not necessarily fill up the loss of natural vegetation in tropical regions like Brazil and Indonesia.‎ ‎16. What’s the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The earth is becoming a green land.‎ B. China and India are forest countries.‎ C. China and India matter in greening the Earth.‎ D. China and India develop intensive agriculture well.‎ ‎17. Why is Amazon rainforest mentioned in Paragraph 2?‎ A. To show its importance to the planet.‎ B. To call on people to protect rainforests.‎ C. To clearly show the increased green area.‎ D. To be evidence of the lost natural vegetation.‎ ‎18. What benefits can China’s tree planting programs bring?‎ ‎① Reducing air pollution. ‎ ‎② Increasing rich land for crops.‎ ‎③ Helping with climate control. ‎ ‎④ Controlling the desertification.‎ A. ①②③ B. ①③④‎ C. ①②④ D. ②③④‎ ‎19. What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. Brazil and Indonesia do not protect their forests.‎ B. The findings discouraged belief of a green world.‎ C. Humans are creative enough to solve all problems.‎ D. More efforts are needed to protect natural vegetation.‎ ‎20. Where does the text probably come from?‎ A. A newspaper. B. A travel brochure.‎ C. An interview. D. A geography textbook.‎ ‎【答案】16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是新闻报道。研究指出，印度和中国正在引领全球的绿色行动。中国和印度引领了陆地绿化的增加，但与此同时研究人员也指出，这种增长并不一定能弥补巴西和印度尼西亚等热带地区自然植被的丧失，因此需要更多的努力来保护自然植被。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 段落大意题。根据第一段“Over the last two decades (十年), the Earth has seen an increase in vegetation (植被) and China and India are leading the increase in greening on land. The result comes mostly from tree planting programs in China and intensive agriculture(集约农业) in both countries.”可知，在过去的二十年中，地球的植被增加了，中国和印度引领了陆地绿化的增加。这个结果主要来自于中国的植树计划和两国的集约农业。即第一段主要讲的是中国和印度在增加地球绿地方面发挥着重要作用。故选C。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers from Boston University found that global green area has increased by 5% since the early 2000s, an area equal to the size of Amazon rainforest.”可知，波士顿大学的研究人员发现，自2000年以来，全球绿化面积增加了5％，该面积等于亚马逊雨林的面积。因此第2段中提到亚马逊雨林是为了清楚显示增加的绿地面积。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“These programs were developed in an effort to reduce the effect of desertification, air pollution and climate change.”可知，制定这些计划是为了减少荒漠化，空气污染和气候变化的影响。即中国的植树计划可以带来很多好处：减少空气污染、促进气候控制和控制荒漠化。故选B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Rama Nemani, a research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, saw a positive message in the new findings. “Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it,” However, the researchers rang bells as well. They pointed out that the gain did not necessarily fill up the loss of natural vegetation in tropical regions like Brazil and Indonesia.”可知，NASA艾姆斯研究中心的科学家Rama Nemani在新发现中看到了积极的信息。 “一旦人们意识到存在问题，他们就会倾向于解决它。”然而，研究人员也大声疾呼。他们指出，这种增长并不一定能弥补巴西和印度尼西亚等热带地区自然植被的丧失。即从最后一段我们可以推断出需要更多的努力来保护自然植被。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，人口稠密国家的土地退化通常更为严重。但是中国和印度引领了陆地绿化的增加。结果主要来自中国的植树计划和两国的集约农业。但与此同时研究人员也指出，这种增长并不一定能弥补巴西和印度尼西亚等热带地区自然植被的丧失，因此需要更多的努力来保护自然植被。因此这样的内容可能来自于报纸的科学栏目。故选A。‎ C From driving to landing on moon, more and more human tasks are being taken over by artificial intelligence(AI-人工智能). It will make everyday tasks easier and bring benefits to different industries.‎ And yet, like any other technology, AI will also bring risks and dangers. When people mention that AI could be dangerous, they think of the situation in films where an AI program decides to kill or enslave all humans. While this possibility is unlikely for now, there are many other dangers that AI could bring to mankind.‎ In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that “Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too”. Their ‎ main worry was that criminals could use AI for many bad purposes, including using AI to create websites that could steal people’s personal information. Another possible risk was faster hacking(黑客)—AI programs could be taught to find weaknesses in software and break into computer systems. Some other risks were as dramatic as the ones we see in books and movies. For example, long-distant attacks could be made easier through the use of AI. And, finally, there were some worries on imitating voices as well. It is possible that AI could be used to make false photos and videos. In china, tech giant Baidu has developed a program called Deep Voice that can “clone” anyone’s voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample (声音样本).‎ Many people in the tech world have expressed worry about AI. People like US businessmen Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly controlled, as there are few laws currently governing the use of AI. Famous British Physicist Stephen Hawking even thought AI could finally cause the end of mankind. “Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it will take off and redesign itself at an alarming rate. Humans…couldn’t compete and would be replaced.”‎ ‎21. What cannot possibly be done by AI right now?‎ A. Driving cars. B. Landing on moon.‎ C. Playing games. D. Ruling all humans.‎ ‎22. Which saying has a similar meaning with the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Every coin has two sides. B. Prevention is better than cure.‎ C. Risk nothing, gain nothing. D. One’s meat is another’s poison.‎ ‎23. How many misuses of AI are mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A. One. B. Two.‎ C. Three. D. Four.‎ ‎24. Why does the author mention Stephen Hawking’s words?‎ A. To show Hawking’s perfect prediction.‎ B. To strengthen the high position of Hawking.‎ C. To help readers understand the serious situation.‎ D. To introduce the famous scientist--Stephen Hawking.‎ ‎25. What does the whole passage mainly talk about?‎ A. Risks and dangers of AI. B. Guidance of AI usage.‎ C. Advantages and disadvantages of AI. D. Development of AI industry.‎ ‎【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章讲述了人工智能为不同行业带来了好处但它同时也带来风险和危险：犯罪分子可能使用AI创建可以窃取人们个人信息的网站；人们更快受到黑客攻击；通过使用AI可以使远程攻击变得更容易；在模仿声音方面也有一些令人担忧的地方。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When people mention that AI could be dangerous, they think of the situation in films where an AI program decides to kill or enslave all humans. While this possibility is unlikely for now, there are many other dangers that AI could bring to mankind.”可知，当人们提到AI可能很危险时，他们会想到电影中AI程序决定杀死或奴役所有人的情况。尽管目前这种可能性不大，但AI可能给人类带来许多其他危险。由此可知，AI现在可能无法统治全人类。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that “Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too”. Their main worry was that criminals could use AI for many bad purposes, including using AI to create websites that could steal people’s personal information.”可知，2018年2月，一群AI专家聚集在一起讨论AI可能被滥用的问题。他们发现，“好人取得的每一次AI技术上的进步对坏人来说也是进步”。他们的主要担心是，犯罪分子可能将AI用于许多不良目的，包括使用AI创建可以窃取人们个人信息的网站。由上下文的逻辑可知，划线句子的下一句是对划线句子的解释，即AI技术上的进步可能被犯罪分子利用。因此A项（凡事都有两面性。）符合文章的描述，与划线句子意思是相同的。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Their main worry was that criminals could use AI for many bad purposes, including using AI to create websites that could steal people’s personal information. Another possible risk was faster hacking(黑客). long-distant attacks could be made easier through the use of AI. And, finally, there were some worries on imitating voices as well. ”可知，专家的主要担心是，犯罪分子可能使用AI创建可以窃取人们个人信息的网站。另一个可能的风险是更快的黑客攻击。通过使用AI可以使远程攻击变得更容易。最后，在模仿声音方面也有一些令人担忧的地方。即第3段提到了四个AI技术可能被滥用的情况。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Famous British Physicist Stephen Hawking even thought AI could finally cause the end of mankind.”可知，英国著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金甚至认为AI可能最终导致人类的灭绝。因此作者提到斯蒂芬·霍金的话是为了帮助读者理解AI技术被滥用后给人类带来的风险。故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章第一段讲的是人工智能为不同行业带来了好处；通过转折，第二段提到了人工智能也将带来风险和危险；第三段开始具体说明都有哪些风险；最后一段对人类的未来进行了预测。因此这篇文章主要谈论的是AI的风险和危险。故选A。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。将相应选项的标号（A、B、C、D、E…）涂在答题卡上。‎ Along the Ring of Fire Off the coast of Alaska, the lava rises through cracks (裂缝) at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. It flows like toothpaste pressed from a tube. Spreading and erupting, the earth slowly builds a new island.‎ Along the Pacific coast of South America, one part of the earth’s surface gradually moves toward another. Although difficult to believe, the rocky outer surface of Earth is not solid; rather, it is broken up into huge pieces called plates(板块). ___26___, the action can sometimes lead to volcanic activity.‎ These things take place thousands of miles apart, yet they are connected. Surrounding the Pacific Ocean is a circle of volcanoes that includes more than half of the world’s active volcanoes.___27___.‎ The Ring of Fire spreads from the west coast of South America northward to Alaska. It goes left at the Aleutian Islands and crosses the Pacific Ocean. Then it heads down the east coast of Asia toward New Zealand.‎ ‎___28___. In 1883 Krakatoa erupted four times. The third eruption was so loud that it could be clearly heard 3,000 miles away. Krakatoa threw a large dust cloud nearly 50 miles into the air. ___29___. During four days in June, Pinatubo threw out more than 20 million tons of broken pieces into the air, destroying many homes.‎ Some volcanoes erupt more quietly, with lava flowing through the cracks in Earth’s surface. This type of volcano is found in Hawaii. ___30___.‎ A. This area is called the Ring of Fire B. Although the plates are connected C. As the plates move past one another D. The Ring of Fire is also where most earthquakes happen E. Major volcanic eruptions along the Ring of Fire make history F. In 1991 Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted after 600 quiet years G. Lava from a volcano tends to advance slowly but still causes great damage ‎【答案】26. C 27. A 28. E 29. F 30. G ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环太平洋火山带的形成、地理位置以及历史上几次主要的火山爆发。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查段中句。根据空前“Although difficult to believe, the rocky outer surface of Earth is not solid; rather, it is broken up into huge pieces called plates.（尽管难以置信，但事实是地球的岩石外表面并不坚固，它分成几个板块。）”和空后“the action can sometimes lead to volcanic activity（这种移动有时会导致火山活动。）”可知，C项（当板块移动时。）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的plates与前一句中的plates是同词复现。故选C项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查段尾句。根据空前“（Surrounding the Pacific Ocean is a circle of volcanoes that includes more than half of the world’s active volcanoes.）”可知，环绕太平洋的是一圈火山，其中包括世界一半以上的活火山。A项（此区域被称为环太平洋火山带。）能够承接上文。该选项中的this area指的是前文的太平洋周围火山的分布区。故选A项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查段首句。根据空后“In 1883 Krakatoa erupted four times. During four days in June, Pinatubo threw out more than 20 million tons of broken pieces into the air, destroying many homes.（1883年，喀拉喀托火山喷发了四次。Pinatubo火山向空中扔出了超过2000万吨的碎片，摧毁了许多房屋。）”可知， E项（环太平洋火山带的主要的火山喷发载入了史册。）能够与下文连接通顺。该选项的eruptions与后面的erupted是相关的词汇。空格后面是对选项进行具体的举例。故选E项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查段中句。根据空后“During four days in June, Pinatubo threw out more than 20 million tons of broken pieces into the air, destroying many homes.（在6月的四天内，Pinatubo火山向空中扔出了超过2000万吨的碎片，摧毁了许多房屋。）”可知，F项（经过600年的静默岁月，菲律宾的Mount Pinatubo火山于1991年爆发。）与下文连接通顺。空前是对1883年喀拉喀托火山喷发的描述。空格后面是对Mount Pinatubo火山喷发的结果在进行描述，Pinatubo是同词复现。故选F项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查段尾句。根据空前“Some volcanoes erupt more quietly, with lava flowing through the cracks in Earth’s surface. This type of volcano is found in Hawaii.（一些火山更安静地喷发，熔岩流出地球表面的裂缝。这种类型的火山在夏威夷发现。）”可知，G项（火山熔岩趋于缓慢地前进，但仍造成巨大破坏。）能够承接上文。该选项中的lava与前面的lava是同词复现。故选G项。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空格处前后的内容，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等，看是否有同词复现，代词的指代等。在本文中，第1小题：C选项中的plates与前一句中的plates是同词复现；第2小题：A选项中的this area指的是前文的太平洋周围火山的分布区；第3小题：E选项的eruptions与后面的erupted是相关的词汇；第4小题：F选项中的Pinatubo是同词复现；第5小题：G选项中的lava与前面的lava是同词复现。‎ 第四题单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。‎ ‎31. He said, “My mother seldom c ______ (抱怨) about daily cooking.”‎ ‎32. An a ______ (辩论) is a discussion where a number of people put forward different opinions.‎ ‎33. Tourism is the main source of i ______ (收入) in this area.‎ ‎34. Diet and exercise are e ______ (同样地) important.‎ ‎35. H ______ (诚实) is an important human quality.‎ ‎36. Cartoon had existed for a long time in the a ______ (古代的) China.‎ ‎37. We are proud to have been the first city to have r ______ (回收利用) our rubbish.‎ ‎38. Not only is this the largest dam ever built, it is the largest c ______ (建设) project ever.‎ ‎39. The law gives c ______ (公民) the right to vote.‎ ‎40. The robbery o ______ (发生) in broad daylight, in a crowded street.‎ ‎【答案】31. complains ‎ ‎32. argument ‎ ‎33. income 34. equally ‎ ‎35. Honesty ‎ ‎36. ancient ‎ ‎37. recycled ‎ ‎38. construction ‎ ‎39. citizens/civilians ‎ ‎40. occurred ‎【解析】‎ 考查单词。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：他说：“我妈妈很少抱怨每天做饭。” complain：抱怨。 由直接引语中的daily可知，该句子使用一般现在时，my mother作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填complains。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：辩论是一种讨论，许多人在讨论中提出不同的意见。argument：辩论。它是名词，在句子中作主语，前面有冠词an，因此使用单数形式。故填argument。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：旅游业是该地区收入的主要来源。income：收入。它是不可数名词，在句子中作介词of的宾语。故填income。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：饮食和运动是同样重要的。副词作状语修饰形容词important。故填equally。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：诚实是重要的人类品质。honesty：诚实。它是名词，在句子中作主语，honesty是抽象名词，不可数。故填Honesty。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：卡通在古代的中国已经存在很长时间了。ancient：古代的，它是形容词，在句子中作定语修饰China。故填ancient。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：我们为成为第一个回收利用垃圾的城市而感到自豪。recycle：回收利用。它是动词，此处使用recycle的过去分词来构成动词不定式的完成式。故填recycled。‎ ‎38题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这不仅是有史以来最大的水坝，还是有史以来最大的建设项目。construction：建设，它是名词，在句子中作定语修饰project。故填construction。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：法律赋予公民投票权。citizen/civilian：公民，它们是可数名词，应该使用复数形式，在句子中作动词gives的宾语。故填citizens/civilians。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：光天化日之下在拥挤的街道上发生了抢劫案。occur：发生。由语境可知，句子使用一般过去时。故填occurred。‎ 第五题短文填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡上。‎ Every animal species has its own features. Some animals have the power to run ___41___ (fast) than sports cars, while others move very slowly.‎ But the slowest animal in the world is not the turtle, as we may think. It is the three-toed sloth(三趾树懒), ___42___lives in the rainforests of South America.‎ Sloths can be 60 to 80 centimeters long and ___43___ (weigh) about eight kilograms. It takes them about one minute ___44___ (climb) only 1.8 to 2.4 meters. They sleep for more than 20 hours every day, staying in the trees most of the time. They come down from the trees to defecate (排便) just once a week. This is the most dangerous time for sloths , as they might ___45___ (attack) by their enemies, such as big cats.‎ Sloths may be slow climbers, but they are speedy ___46___ (swim). They can ___47___ (natural) float on the water. Since there are always floods in rainforests, the ability to swim is necessary to ___48___ (they) survival.‎ People might not be familiar with sloths before. It was because ___49___the 2016 Disney film Zootopia that we began to be interested in this animal species. Its lovely image has left a deep ___50___ (impress) on almost every moviegoer.‎ ‎【答案】41. faster ‎ ‎42. which 43. weigh ‎ ‎44. to climb ‎ ‎45. be attacked ‎ ‎46. swimmers ‎ ‎47. naturally ‎ ‎48. their 49. of ‎ ‎50. impression ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了三趾树懒的特征和生活本领。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查副词的比较级。句意：有些动物拥有比跑车跑得快的本领，而有些动物的移动速度非常慢。由than可知，此处表示比较，fast使用比较级的形式。故填faster。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：它是三趾树懒，生活在南美洲的雨林中。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是定语从句。引导词指代的是逗号前的句子，因此使用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：三趾树懒体长60至80厘米，重约8公斤。该句子是在介绍三趾树懒，应该使用一般现在时，sloths作主语，谓语动词使用副数形式。故填weigh。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查固定句型。句意：它们大约需要一分钟才能爬行1.8至‎2.4米。It takes/ took … some time to do sth.：做某事花费……一些时间，这是个固定句型。故填to climb。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。句意：这是树懒最危险的时刻，因为它们可能会被敌人（例如大猫）攻击。主语they承受attack的动作，因此谓语动词使用被动语态，空格前有情态动词might。故填be attacked。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查词类转换。句意：树懒可能是缓慢的爬行者，但他们是游泳速度较快的动物。此处是在描述树懒的本领，说它们是快速的游泳者，因此需填入swim的名词形式swimmer，主语是they ‎，因此swimmer需要变复数。故填swimmers。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：它们可以自然地漂浮在水上。副词作状语修饰动词float。故填naturally。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：由于雨林中总是洪水泛滥，所以游泳对于它们的生存是必不可少的。此处表示游泳对于树懒的生存是必不可少的，因此使用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰survival。故填their。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：正是因为2016年迪斯尼电影《动物世界》，我们才开始对这种动物感兴趣。该句型为强调句，被强调部分是原因状语：because of the 2016 Disney film Zootopia。because后面需要加句子，而此处的the 2016 Disney film Zootopia不是句子而是一个词语组合，核心词是film，因此使用短语because of。故填of。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：它可爱的影像几乎给每位影迷留下了深刻的印象。名词作动词leave的宾语。impress的名词是impression，短语leave a deep impression on sb：给某人留下深刻的印象。故填impression。‎ ‎【点睛】抓住定语从句“三要素”是学好定语从句的关键。构成定语从句的三个要素是先行词、引导词及从句其它内容。在具体分析时，有三个步骤：一找先行词，二判断先行词在从句中充当成份，三确定引导词。第2小题考查定语从句的引导词。句意：它是三趾树懒，生活在南美的雨林中。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是定语从句。引导词指代的是逗号前的句子，因此使用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。‎ 第六题：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题各3分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，回答文后的5个问题，并把答案写在答题卡上。每题答案不多于15词。‎ ‎2018 Human Development Report HDI: Human Development Index(人类发展指数)‎ ‎[1] Looking back over almost three decades (十年), human beings have made impressive progress. Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances. The average lifespan(寿命) is seven years longer than it was in 1990, and more than 130 countries have improved their primary education.‎ ‎[2] Although HDI values are rising, the rising rates differ greatly. South Asia was the fastest ‎ growing region over 1990–2017, at 45.3 percent, followed by East Asia and the Pacific at 41.8 percent. And the OECD(经济合作与发展组织) countries grew 14.0 percent. It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.‎ ‎ [3] But HDI growth has also slowed in all regions, particularly in the last decade. Part of the reason lies in the 2008–2009 global food, financial and economic problems. But part is simply that as human progress advances, slower HDI growth is unavoidable. As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.‎ ‎[4] Progress since 1990 has not always been steady(稳定的). Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems. For example, many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia saw their HDI values fall in the 1990s due to the fall of the Soviet Union(前苏联). Although faced with these challenges, countries in these regions recovered their losses and grew over the last two decades.‎ ‎ [5] In sum, there have been great advances in human development over the past few decades, especially in low human development countries since 1990. But some countries have suffered serious setbacks—sometimes paying the price of the gains of several decades. And the gaps in human development across countries, while narrowing, remain huge.‎ ‎51. What’s the present situation of people according to 2018 Human Development Report?‎ ‎52. The fact of different rising HDI rates gives us hope to ______.‎ ‎53. Compared with the HDI growth, what is more important?‎ ‎54. How do wars, diseases or economic problems affect human development?‎ ‎55. Which paragraph is the topic paragraph?‎ ‎【答案】51. People are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances. ‎ ‎52. reduce/narrow gaps across regions ‎ ‎53. (Measures of) the quality of human development. ‎ ‎54. They cause the progress of human development unsteady. ‎ ‎55. The last paragraph./Paragraph 5.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇研究报告。文章讲述的是2018年作出的对于人类发展情况的报告。尽管人类发展指数在上升，但上各个地区之间存在差距。粮食、战争、疾病、金融和经济问题等因素使人类发展面临很多挑战。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.”可知，在全世界范围内，人们的寿命更长了，受教育的程度更高了，并且生活中有了更好的机会。故本题答案为：People are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.”可知，这表明各个地区之间的差距有希望缩小。故本题答案为：reduce/narrow gaps across regions。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.”可知，随着越来越多的国家达到人类发展指数的上限，人类发展质量的衡量变得越来越重要。故本题答案为：(Measures of) the quality of human development.。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems.”可知，一些国家由于战争，疾病或经济问题遭受了巨大的损失甚至挫折。故本题答案为：They cause the progress of human development unsteady.。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段主要讲的是近三十年来，人类取得了令人瞩目的进步；第二段主要讲的是尽管人类取得了很多的进步，但地区间的差异仍旧很大；第三段主要讲的在最近十年中，人类发展由于粮食，金融和经济问题有所放缓；第四段主要讲的是：自1990年以来，人类发展并不总是稳定的。一些国家由于战争，疾病或经济问题遭受了巨大的损失甚至挫折；第五段主要讲的是：在过去的几十年中，人类发展取得了长足的进步，尤其是在1990年以来的人类发展指数较低的国家。但是，有些国家遭受了严重的挫折，有时付出的代价​​会将几十年来取得的成就抵消掉。各国之间人类发展的差距虽然在缩小，但仍然很大。因此文章最后一段对前几段内容进行了总结，因此文章的主题段落在此。故本题答案为：The last paragraph./Paragraph 5.。‎ 第七题书面表达（满分30分）‎ ‎56.假定你是李华，目前在英国某中学做交换生。该校风筝俱乐部在网上发布信息，欲寻找一位能教学生制作中国风筝的志愿者，你有意自荐。请给俱乐部负责人Adam写一封自荐信。‎ 注意：1词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Adam,‎ I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China in our school. I got the information online that a volunteer capable of making kites is wanted by the Kite Club. I think I can offer some help.‎ I’m from Weifang, a host city of the annual International Kite Flying Festival ever since 1984. It’s child’s play for me to design and make different kites, ranging from mini ones to giant ones. And I am rather kind of expert in flying kites. Besides, I’m outgoing and good at communicating with others, which may be helpful to the work.‎ I’ll feel honored if I can be of any help.‎ Sincerely yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是一封自荐信。假定你是李华，目前在英国某中学做交换生。该校风筝俱乐部在网上发布信息，欲寻找一位能教学生制作中国风筝的志愿者，你有意自荐。请给俱乐部负责人Adam写一封自荐信。‎ ‎【详解】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点：1.你在英国某中学做交换生；2.该校风筝俱乐部在网上发布信息，欲寻找一位能教学生制作中国风筝的志愿者；3.你有意自荐，请给俱乐部负责人Adam写一封自荐信，说明自己的优势所在。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ 根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语及句子有：exchange student，capable of making kites，offer some help，It’s child’s play for me to design and make different kites ，be expert in flying kites，outgoing，be good at，communicate with others， be helpful to。可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last，Above all。2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，as well as，not only…but (also)。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句：I got the information online that a volunteer capable of making kites is wanted by the Kite Club. 这句话运用了 that引导的同位语从句； Besides, I’m outgoing and good at communicating with others, which may be helpful to the work. 这句话运用了which 引导的非限制性定语从句；I’ll feel honored if I can be of any help.这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如：capable of，be expert in，be good at，communicate with，be helpful to。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎