【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之介词学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之介词学案

第2节　介词 Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考 考查角度1　常用介词 ‎1．(2019·北京卷)First celebrated ____________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。‎ ‎[答案]　in ‎2．(2019·浙江卷)But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ____________ this question is not clear.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to...，“……的答案是……”是固定搭配。故填to。‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ____________ walking, cycling or swimming.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。根据句中的more可知，此处应用介词引出比较对象。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命，故填than。‎ ‎[答案]　than ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn uses less water ____________ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。由空前less可知，此处应用介词than，表示“比”。‎ ‎[答案]　than ‎5．(2018·浙江卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home ____________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应用介词for表示“目的”。‎ ‎[答案]　for ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____________ work.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。此处是指“当他们上下班时”。考生平时多用from...to...连接起始点，而本题涉及同一个地点，表示往返，一些考生由于没有掌握to和from的用法而误填其他介词。‎ ‎[答案]　from 考查角度2　介词的固定搭配 ‎7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ________ dogs, seven to be exact.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。‎ ‎[答案]　of ‎8．(2019·江苏卷)Favorable policies are ________ effect to encourage employees'‎ ‎ professional development.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。in effect“实际上”，为固定搭配，故填in。‎ ‎[答案]　in ‎9．(2019·天津卷)In spite ________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，几个运动员还是表现很好。 in spite of“尽管，不管”。故填of。‎ ‎[答案]　of ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching ____________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。search for 意为“寻找”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎[答案]　for ‎11．(2018·江苏卷改编)China's soft power grows ____________ line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。根据句意：我国的软实力的增长与我国在全球各地不断受到的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与……紧密相连”。‎ ‎[答案]　in ‎12．(2018·天津卷改编)Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ____________ all.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。根据句意：鲍勃觉得自己不能参加这个派对，因为他要写一份报告，但是最终他还是去了。这里用after all“终究”。‎ ‎[答案]　after ‎13．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree ____________ engineering or architecture.‎ ‎[解析]　考查介词。此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查in的本意“在……方面”。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。‎ ‎[答案]　in Step2知识储备·抓重破难补短板 一、常见介词辨析 ‎1．表示时间的at，on和in 意义 短语 at 表示某个时间点、时刻等 at midnight“在半夜”；at sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”‎ on 表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on a rainy night“在一个雨夜”；on Christmas Eve“在平安夜”‎ in 表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等 in December“在十二月”；in the morning“在上午”‎ ‎①(2019·呼和浩特高三调研)What attracted the public most was the singing and dancing performances in Friday afternoon.____________‎ ‎[答案]　in→on ‎2．表示时间的in和after 意义 例句 in 表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来 He will be back in an hour.‎ 他一小时后就回来。‎ after 表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用，“after＋时间点”与将来时连用 He came back after an hour.‎ 他一小时后回来了。‎ ‎②(2019·沈阳市高三质量监测)I believe the vacation must be fascinating before I finish the exam.____________‎ ‎[答案]　before→after ‎3．表示方位的through，across和over 意义 短语 through 表示“从……的内部穿过”‎ through the forest“从森林穿过”‎ across 表示“从……表面穿过”‎ across the desert“穿过沙漠”‎ over 表示“从……的上面越过”‎ jump over the fence“跨过篱笆墙”‎ ‎③(2019·武汉市武昌区调研)A boy found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body ____________ that little hole.‎ ‎[答案]　through ‎4．表示方位的in，on和to 意义 例句 in 表示“在……范围内”‎ Beijing lies in the north of China.‎ 北京位于中国北部。‎ on 表示“毗邻，接壤”‎ Mongolia，which lies on the north of China，is a beautiful country.‎ 位于中国北部的蒙古，是一个美丽的国家。‎ to 表示“在……范围外”‎ Japan lies to the east of China.‎ 日本位于中国东部。‎ ‎④(2019·武昌区调研考试)Guangdong Province is ____________ the southeast of Guangxi.‎ ‎[答案]　on ‎5．表示交通方式的by，on和in 意义 短语 by 后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词 by sea，by air，by bike，by car，by train on/in 后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语 on one's bike，in one's car ‎⑤(2019·沈阳教学质量监测)Reading is the best way to pass time ____________ the train.‎ ‎[答案]　on ‎6．表示支持、反对的介词against和for 意义 例句 against 意为“反对”，此外还表示“倚靠着；逆着；以……为背景”等 Are you for the proposal or against it?‎ 你支持这项提议还是反对？‎ for 表示“支持，赞成”，还可表示原因、目的等 ‎⑥(2019·山西省省际名校联考) Participants first filled out questionnaires about their social lives, and they were then asked to press ____________ a wall with their knees at right angles for as long as they could, which can be really painful.‎ ‎[答案]　against 二、几组常见的介词固定搭配 ‎1．介词＋名词(短语)‎ at home 在家里　at last 最终 at night 在夜里 at noon 在中午 at once 立刻 at work 在上班 at school 在上学 at present 目前 at the cinema 在电影院 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at the moment 此刻 after school 放学后 by accident 偶然 by the way 顺便问问 by the lake 在湖边 during the night 在晚上 for a moment 一会儿 for years 多年 for some reason 由于某种原因 in ink 用墨水 in class 在课上 in time 及时 in danger 处于危险之中 in a minute 一会儿之后 in the way 妨碍 on the weekend 在周末 on time 按时 ‎⑦(2019·广州高三调研)We helped at a national park in a week. ____________‎ ‎[答案]　in→for ‎2．名词＋介词 access to 能够进入；能够使用 answer to ……的答案 attitude to/towards 对……的态度 effect on/upon 对……的影响 faith in 对……的信心 key to ……的钥匙/答案 lack of 缺乏 love for 对……的热爱 plan for 对……的计划 way to 通向……的路 visit to 到……的访问 reason for ……的原因 success in ……的成功 ‎⑧(2019·安徽示范高三质检)Lack exercise, I thought that this activity was a great challenge for me.____________‎ ‎[答案]　Lack后加of ‎3．动词＋介词 ask for 要……　　agree with/on 同意 consist of 由……组成 depend on 依靠 differ from 与……不同 decide on 决定 do with 处理 deal with 处理，对付 get to 到达 get on 上(车)‎ hear from 收到……来信 insist on 坚持 knock at/on 敲 listen to 听 look at 看 learn from 向……学习 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 operate on 给……做手术 put off 推迟 result in 导致 run into 遇到；撞上 stick to 坚持 stand for 代表 ‎⑨(2019·郑州一中高三摸底测试)However, I do realize that sometimes life can get ____________ the way of our goals.‎ ‎[答案]　in ‎4．动词＋副词＋介词 come out with 说出 come up against 遭到……的反对 come up to 达到 come up with 提出 do away with 废除 get down to 开始认真(做)‎ get on with 与……相处 keep up with 跟上 live up to 不辜负(期望)‎ look down upon 看不起 look forward to 盼望 look out for当心 look up to 尊敬 make up for 弥补 run out of 用完 put up with 忍受 ‎⑩(2019·皖南八校高三第一次联考)There are many kinds of activities for us to take part.____________‎ ‎[答案]　part后加in ‎5．形容词＋介词 afraid of 对……感到害怕 angry with 对……感到生气 busy with 忙于 full of 充满 famous for 以……出名 far from 远离 good at 擅长 happy with 对……感到满意 interested in 对……感兴趣 late for 迟到 pleased with 对……感到高兴 strict with 对……要求严格 sorry for 为……感到抱歉 ready for 为……做好准备 surprised at 对……感到惊讶 ‎⑪(2019·山西八校高三第一次联考)Finally, it is necessary of us to do some housework, which can help our parents a lot.____________‎ ‎[答案]　of→for ‎6．介词＋名词(短语)＋介词 as a result of 由于 at the sight of 一看见 by means of 借助于 for the purpose of 为了……的目的 for the honor of 为了……的荣誉 in need of 需要……‎ in addition to 除……之外(还)‎ in terms of 从……方面来说 in charge of 负责 on behalf of 代表 on top of 在……上面 on a visit to 去拜访/参观 on one's/the way to 在去……的途中 ‎⑫(2019·高考考试大纲调研卷三)Not ____________ a hurry, I didn't want to disturb her so I stayed behind.‎ ‎[答案]　in Step3增分攻略·献计献策献妙招 年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。‎ 遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。‎ 要说某日上下午，in又变on才能通。‎ 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也能成。 ‎ ‎[操作技法1]　分析具体语境，注意介词含义 常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·沧州联考)We should talk about the things ____________ the children's understanding in a simple way.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond“超出……之外，非……所能及”。‎ ‎[答案]　beyond ‎[操作技法2]　积累介词用法，注意一词多义 在平时学习时，要注意整理、积累，逐一掌握每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。‎ 常见介词的常见用法有：against“与……相反，违反”；despite“尽管”；for“因为，从……来看”；with“随着”等。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·保定模拟)You should fly your kite ____________ the wind，or it cannot fly high.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。against“逆，与……相反”，符合语境，属于against的常见用法。‎ ‎[答案]　against ‎[操作技法3]　体会英语本义，注意介词的固定搭配 复习时，要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语的意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·长春市测评)In some cases, different approaches ____________ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.‎ ‎[解析]　approach to/towards“……的方法”，是固定搭配。句意：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的结论。‎ ‎[答案]　to/towards ‎1．分析句子成分 如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。‎ ‎2．记牢搭配 ‎(1)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；‎ ‎(2)注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。‎ Step4 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·江西上饶一次联考)____________ that special night, all the Senior 3 students ‎ stood in the corridors(走廊) and looked down at the younger students below.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：在那个特殊的晚上，所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面低年级的学生。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”需用介词on。‎ ‎[答案]　On ‎2．(2019·甘肃张掖二中8月月考)Many local residents welcome the shared bikes ____________ the flexibility and freedom they offer.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度，许多当地的居民很欢迎共享单车。设空处表示“原因”，故填介词for。‎ ‎[答案]　for ‎3．(2019·浙江稽阳联谊学校10月联考) Calligraphy, ____________ a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：书法，像一面镜子一样，无声地反映灵魂。设空处表示“像”，故填介词like。‎ ‎[答案]　like ‎4．(2019·安徽太湖中学10月月考)During my first year in China, I spent the summer holiday ____________ my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：在中国的第一年，我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假。with在此处意为“和……”。‎ ‎[答案]　with ‎5．(2019·甘肃武威二中10月月考)The English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different ____________ the modern English we speak today.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：公元450年到1150年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代英语是非常不同的。be different from“与……不同”。‎ ‎[答案]　from ‎6．(2019·四川成都市实验中学9月月考)Plastic waste and algae on the water give off a smell very similar ____________ the krill(磷虾) that many sea birds feed on.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味，许多海鸟以这种磷虾为食。(be) similar to“与……相似”。‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎7．(2019·云南玉溪一中二次调研)The words of the poems were full ____________ encouragement and positive energy, and showed an uncommon open－mindedness among women at that time.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量，并且在那个时代的女性当中展现出了不同寻常的开明的思想。be full of“充满了……”。‎ ‎[答案]　of ‎8．(2019·东北三省三校一模)The Great Wall stretches ____________ Dandong in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界，从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗布泊。表示“从……到……”用from...to...结构。‎ ‎[答案]　from ‎9．(2019·河北衡水中学二调)The country's industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks ____________ the Made in China 2025 strategy.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：多亏了“中国制造2025”战略，国家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健康的增长。thanks to为固定短语，意为：多亏了，幸亏。‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎10．(2019·内蒙古赤峰二中二次月考)We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ____________ more than 160 million cups drunk every day.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：我们知道英国人爱喝茶，每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉。设空处考查with的复合结构(with＋n./pron.＋过去分词)作伴随状语。‎ ‎[答案]　with ‎11．(2019·河南驻马店经济开发区高级中学一次月考)The Water－Splashing Festival is also a cultural bridge ____________ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share the same festival culture of water－splashing.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：泼水节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的东南亚国家之间的一座桥梁。根据句意及题干中的and可知设空处填between。between...and...意为：在……和……之间。‎ ‎[答案]　between ‎12．(2019·四川乐山沫若中学入学考试)____________ Monday she gave each student his or her list.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：在周一，她给每个学生一份清单。表示“在具体某一天”需用介词on。‎ ‎[答案]　On ‎13．(2019·江西新余四中9月月考)In this fast－changing and competitive world, many people are ____________ heavy pressure.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里，许多人处于沉重的压力下。under pressure为固定短语，意为：在压力之下。‎ ‎[答案]　under ‎14．(2019·吉林百校联盟上学期联考)She says it's important to wake up ____________ the same time every day.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：她说每天在同一时间醒来很重要。at the same time为固定短语，意为：在同一时间。‎ ‎[答案]　at ‎15．(2019·江西红色七校一联)As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid ____________ September 16th, 2015.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：我们都知道，杭州，一个美丽的城市，在2015年9月16日赢得了举办权。在具体某天前要用介词on。‎ ‎[答案]　on Ⅱ.语篇语法填空(介词专练)‎ ‎(2019·贵州遵义期末考试)There are many festivals in Guizhou Province. One of them is Dong New Year, 1.____________ falls in the eleventh lunar month after the harvest. In some villages, the festival 2.____________(take) place in the tenth month. Dong New Year is as ‎ 3.____________(importance) as the Spring Festival. In the days 4.______________(lead) up to the New Year, the Dong people make new clothes, clean their houses, and make rice cakes. 5.____________ the eve of the New Year, they prepare“cold dish”with bean curd and homemade vinegar. It 6.______________ (give) as an offering to one's ancestors. Dong New Year is 7.______________(usual) celebrated in many Dong villages in the area of Rongjiang in Guizhou Province. The exact date varies but falls during the period late October to early November. Public 8.____________(celebration) include the Lusheng Festival and water buffalo fighting.‎ Another one, Miao Sisters Festival, is celebrated from the 15th to the 17th day of the third lunar month calendar, when 9.______________(marry) women make a return to the homes of their mothers. At home, they prepare and eat 10.____________ special kind of food, black rice cake. When they return to their own homes, they bring with them some of it and give it to their husbands as gifts.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。贵州省有许多节日，其中一个是侗族新年。文章对此进行了介绍。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Dong New Year，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎2．[解析]　考查时态。此处描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填takes。‎ ‎[答案]　takes ‎3．[解析]　考查形容词。此处作表语，意为“像春节一样重要”，as...as结构中，使用形容词原级。故填important。‎ ‎[答案]　important ‎4．[解析]　考查现在分词。lead up to“为……做准备”，此处与主语the Dong people 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故填leading。‎ ‎[答案]　leading ‎5．[解析]　考查介词。固定短语：on the eve of“在……的前夕”，故填On。‎ ‎[答案]　On ‎6．[解析]　考查语态。句意：它是作为祭品送给祖先的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is given。‎ ‎[答案]　is given ‎7．[解析]　考查副词。此处修饰动词celebrated，应使用副词形式。故填usually。‎ ‎[答案]　usually ‎8．[解析]　考查名词复数。celebration是可数名词，其前没有冠词，且谓语动词是原形，据此可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填celebrations。‎ ‎[答案]　celebrations ‎9．[解析]　考查形容词。根据下文make a return to the homes of their mothers 可知，此处指“已婚的女人”。married“已婚的”。故填married。‎ ‎[答案]　married ‎10．[解析]　考查冠词。根据下文kind of可知，此处指“一种特殊的食品”，应使用不定冠词。故填a。‎ ‎[答案]　a 专题强化训练(九)‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 A ‎(2019·河北石家庄期末考试)In the past, nothing aroused the spirit of America's emerging economy like the skyscraper. Height 1.______________(be) a fascination since the pyramids. It's closer to the heaven. It scares off your enemies. It makes you faithfully kneel down in awe.‎ But the height of these buildings 2.____________(create) many new engineering problems. The real challenges are that architects are moving into a different league of engineering, one of 3.____________ is wind loading. Wind loading is a term engineers use 4.____________(measure) the effect of the wind on a tall building. The more flexible the building, the 5.____________(safe) it is. A tall building's flexibility also helps it survive earthquakes. Probably the safest place you can be in 6.____________ earthquake is in a tall building. When the earthquake hits the building, it's able to just bend and move with the earthquake force but not break. All 7.______________ all, the engineering advancements used to construct these super tall buildings can turn one man's dream into 8.____________(real). As a matter of fact, we're not so much 9.____________(interest) in how a building meets the ground as we are how a building meets the sky. Despite the challenge of 10.____________(construct) the world's tallest skyscrapers, the passion of exploration will never go out.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲了建筑物的高度带来了许多新的工程问题。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查时态。句意：自金字塔以来，高度就一直是一种魅力。根据since the pyramids可知用现在完成时，故填has been。‎ ‎[答案]　has been ‎2．[解析]　考查时态。句意：但是这些建筑物的高度带来了许多新的工程问题。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，height表示“高度”时，是不可数名词，故填creates。‎ ‎[答案]　creates ‎3．[解析]　考查非限制性定语从句。one of 3.__________ is wind loading是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是league of engineering，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which，故填which。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎4．[解析]　考查不定式。句意：风荷载是工程师用来测量风对高层建筑影响的一个术语。作目的状语，用不定式，故填to measure。‎ ‎[答案]　to measure ‎5．[解析]　考查固定结构。句意：建筑越灵活，就越安全。the＋比较级，the＋比较级，“越……越……”，该用法是固定用法，故填safer。‎ ‎[答案]　safer ‎6．[解析]　考查冠词。句意：一次地震中最安全的地方可能是在高楼里。文中泛指“一次地震”，且earthquake的首字母发音是元音，故填不定冠词an。‎ ‎[答案]　an ‎7．[解析]　考查固定短语。句意：总而言之，用于建造这些超级高楼的技术可以把一个人的梦想变成现实。all in all“总而言之”，是固定短语，故填in。‎ ‎[答案]　in ‎8．[解析]　考查词性转换。句意：总而言之，用于建造这些超级高楼的技术可以把一个人的梦想变成现实。该空作句子宾语，用名词，故填reality。‎ ‎[答案]　reality ‎9．[解析]　考查固定短语。句意：事实上，与其说我们对建筑如何与地面相接感兴趣，不如说我们对建筑如何与天空相接感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故填interested。‎ ‎[答案]　interested ‎10．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。介词of之后接v.ing，故填constructing。‎ ‎[答案]　constructing B ‎(2019·河南实验中学期中考试)According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents 1.______________ teachers also expressed their great concern about it. Experts suggest more attention 2.______________(pay) to it by the whole society for the mental health of adolescents.‎ Nowadays, school violence is 3.______________ hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, 4.______________ calls for our great concern. We should try every effort 5.____________(prevent) violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 6.______________(safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. Children learn violent behavior from adults or from 7.____________ they see on television or on the Internet.‎ If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence 8.____________ violence, for it will result in 9.______________(much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.‎ All in all, every student should behave 10.______________(he)and keep away from violence.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了据最新调查显示，在学校中，确实存在暴力，家长和老师也表示了极大的关注。我们应尽最大的努力，预防此类事件的发生。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查连词。句意：学生们表现出了他们的恐惧，家长和老师也表达了他们的极大关注。文中表示并列关系，故填and。‎ ‎[答案]　and ‎2．[解析]　考查虚拟语气。more attention 2.____________(pay) to it by the whole society for the mental health of adolescents是suggest之后的宾语从句，且suggest表示建议，宾语从句要用should＋动词原形，should可以省略， attention与pay之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故填(should) be paid。‎ ‎[答案]　(should) be paid ‎3．[解析]　考查冠词。句意：现在，学校暴力是一个热点问题。文中泛指“一个热点问题”，hot的首字母发音是辅音，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎4．[解析]　考查非限制性定语从句。4.____________ calls for our great concern是一个非限制性定语从句，a phenomenon是先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎5．[解析]　考查固定用法。文中表示“我们应该尽一切努力阻止暴力事件的发生”，try to do sth.“尽最大的努力做某事”，是固定用法，故填to prevent。‎ ‎[答案]　to prevent ‎6．[解析]　考查名词。if their personal 6.____________(safe) could not be guaranteed是一个条件状语从句，作句子主语，用名词，故填safety。‎ ‎[答案]　safety ‎7．[解析]　考查宾语从句。7.____________ they see on television or on the Internet是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作see之后的宾语，表示“看到的事情”，故填what。‎ ‎[答案]　what ‎8．[解析]　考查介词。句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴力来回应暴力。表示“用……”，故填with。‎ ‎[答案]　with ‎9．[解析]　考查比较级。句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会用暴力来回应暴力，因为这会导致更多的冲突。表示“更多的”，用比较级，故填more。‎ ‎[答案]　more ‎10．[解析]　考查固定用法。句意：总之，每一个学生都应该好好表现，远离暴力。behave oneself“表现好”，是固定用法，故填himself。‎ ‎[答案]　himself Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·广西桂林第十八中学月考)Last summer vacation, I worked in restaurant. One day, I was about to be off duty then three foreigners came in. Since it was my first time to talk with foreigners, suddenly my mind went blankly. I failed to respond to their question. But a few minutes later, I refresh myself. So, I began to talk to them and adapted to that atmosphere gradually. I restarted to pick up my confident again. One of them, who seemed in his thirtieth, praised on me for my selfconfidence. After that, I swore I must learnt English well, especially spoken English, and never make that embarrassing thing happening again.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ Last summer vacation, I worked in restaurant. One day, I was about to be off duty three foreigners came in. Since it was my first time to talk with foreigners, suddenly my mind went . I failed to respond to their . But a few minutes later, I myself. So, I began to talk to them and adapted to that atmosphere gradually. I restarted to pick up my ‎ again. One of them, who seemed in his ， praised me for my selfconfidence. After that, I swore I must English well, especially spoken English, and never make that embarrassing thing again.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2019·甘肃会宁县期末考试)Grandmothers don't always have common sense in the ways of social media, but an Arizona woman's wrongway text has made her an Internet star.‎ Wanda Dench thought she was texting a Thanksgiving invitation to her grandson, but the person who received it was a total stranger, Jamal Hilton, a college student. He was having lunch earlier this week when the invitation showed up on his cellphone. He didn't recognize the phone number, so he wrote back asking who sent it.‎ ‎“Your grandma.”Dench wrote back.“Grandma？”Hilton replied，“Can I have a picture？”‎ ‎“That's strange.”Dench thought. But she dutifully took a selfile(自拍) of herself at work and texted it.‎ ‎“You are not my grandma，”Hilton said，“Can I still get a plate there？”Dench was embarrassed at her mistake, but quickly recovered.‎ ‎“Of course you can.”She wrote back.“That's what grandmas do... feed everyone.”‎ Dench is white. Hilton is African American. The student took a screenshot(屏幕截图) of the conversation and posted it on Twitter, where it's been retweeted(转发) more than 150,000 times.‎ Dench didn't know that Hilton had posted their exchange online. Then her phone blew up. In just a few days, she received more than 600 text messages and lots of voicemail because her phone number was included in the screenshot.‎ ‎“At first I thought, ‘Well, this is annoying，’ until I started reading some of the people's texts.”She said. Strangers wrote，“Thank you so much. You're such a kind person to let this young man into your home.”She said，“I think this may be a little more important than what I thought it was because of the racial tension that's in the country.”‎ Dench and Hilton met in person on Wednesday night at her home. She formally invited him and his family to Thanksgiving dinner. He accepted.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述亚利桑那州一名奶奶的错误短信却让她成为了网络明星。‎ ‎1．What was Hilton doing when he received the invitation?‎ A．He was having lunch.‎ B．He was having class.‎ C．He was watching movies on his mobile phone.‎ D．He was doing some exercises in the classroom.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He was having lunch earlier this week when the invitation showed up on his cellphone.”可知，他正在吃午饭时，手机上出现了邀请。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎2．How did Dench find she had sent the invitation to a wrong number?‎ A．She found it by herself.‎ B．She received a call from Hilton.‎ C．Hilton wrote back to tell her.‎ D．Her grandson sent a message to tell her the truth.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段和第五段可知，希尔顿回短信告诉她，她不是他奶奶。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．How can we best describe about Dench according to the passage?‎ A．Clumsy. B．Honest.‎ C．Stubborn. D．Friendly.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据全文描述可知，Dench在知道Hilton不是自己的孙子而是一个黑人的情况下，还是邀请了他们一家，可推知她是个非常友善的人。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎4．It can be learned from the passage that ________.‎ A．Hilton accepted the invitation unwillingly B．the wrong invitation had a happy ending C．Hilton got Dench's phone number from her grandson D．Dench finally became angry at the messages and voicemail ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据全文可知，虽然奶奶发错了短信，但她正式邀请希尔顿和他的家人一起吃感恩节晚餐，最后希尔顿接受了，从而可以推断出错误的邀请有一个欢快的结局。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B Ⅳ.完形填空 ‎(2019·张掖二中月考)Once upon a time, there was a poor man. His ____1____ was also very poor — a small and empty house, which was ____2____ with spider webs(蜘蛛网). People tried to ____3____ coming into his house as they didn't want to come to such a ____4____ place. And the poor man thought that poverty(贫困) was the ____5____ for his unlucky life.‎ Then, the poor man ____6____ a wise man and told him about his poverty. The man felt sorry for the poor man and gave him a vase(花瓶)．“This will save you from ____7____，”the wise man ____8____. The poor man took the ____9____ from the wise man and wanted to ____10____ it at first and then spend the money on drinking, as usual. Besides, why would he ____11____ such a beautiful thing? But then he started ____12____ the vase carefully and decided not to take it to the market. He brought the vase back to his ____13____， put it on the table and started watching it again.‎ ‎“It's not ____14____ for such a beautiful thing to be ____15____，”the poor man thought. So he ____16____ some flowers and put them into the vase. It became even ____17____.“Not good that such a beautiful thing stands next to a spider web.”the poor man ____18____ again.‎ So the poor man started ____19____ his house. He cleaned the dust, washed the floor and whitened the walls. And it became clear that his house wasn't poor, ____20____ rather warm and comfortable. And the poor man wasn't a poor man anymore, but a hardworking host, who had no ‎ time to think about poverty.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇寓言类阅读文。文章通过讲述一个穷人和花瓶的故事，说明了只有追求幸福的心和勤劳的工作才能改变一个人贫穷的命运。‎ ‎1．A.child B．home C．health D．village ‎[解析]　考查名词。根据a small and empty house可知，这里的意思是他的家也非常贫穷。A.child“孩子”；B.home“家”；C.health“健康”；D.village“村庄”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎2．A.treated B．built C．filled D．covered ‎[解析]　考查动词。上文说房子又小又空，可以推断出到处挂满蜘蛛网。A.treated“对待”；B.built“建造”；C.filled“装满”；D.covered“覆盖”，故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．A.consider B．forget C．enjoy D．avoid ‎[解析]　考查动词。根据as they didn't want to come to such a ____4____ place. 可知人们避免来他的房子里。A.consider“考虑”；B.forget“忘记”；C.enjoy“享受”；D.avoid“避免”，故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎4．A.quiet B．dirty C．cold D．wet ‎[解析]　考查形容词。上文说房子又小又空，到处挂满蜘蛛网，由此推断出人们不想来如此脏的地方。句意：A.quiet“安静的”；B.dirty“肮脏”；C.cold“寒冷的”；D.wet“潮湿的”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎5．A.reason B．result C．problem D．change ‎[解析]　考查名词。句意：这个贫穷的人认为贫困是造成他生活不幸的原因。A.reason“原因”；B.result“结果”；C.problem“问题”；D.change“改变”，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎6．A.helped B．thanked C．met D．protected ‎[解析]　考查动词。句意：有一天，这个贫穷的人遇到一位智者。A.helped“帮助”；B.thanked“感谢”；C.met“遇到”；D.protected“保护”，故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎7．A.danger B．death C．poorness D．trouble ‎[解析]　考查名词。根据上文and told him about his poverty可知这里意思是它将帮你摆脱贫穷。A.danger“危险”；B.death“死亡”；C.poorness“贫穷”；D.trouble“麻烦”，故选 C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎8．A.said B．shouted C．cried D．wrote ‎[解析]　考查动词。根据上文内容可知，这位智者在对他说话。A.said“说”；B.shouted“大喊”；C.cried“大哭”；D.wrote“写”，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎9．A.money B．vase C．table D．flower ‎[解析]　考查名词。根据The man felt sorry for the poor man and gave him a vase(花瓶)．可知智者给他一个花瓶，所以推断出这里意思是他从智者手里接过这个花瓶。A.money“钱”；B.vase“花瓶”；C.table“桌子”；D.flower“鲜花”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎10．A.draw B．study C．throw D．sell ‎[解析]　考查动词。根据and then spend the money on drinking, as usual可知起初，这个贫穷的人想要把这个花瓶卖掉。A.draw“画”；B.study“学习”；C.throw“扔”；D.sell“卖掉”，故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎11．A.bring B．buy C．like D．need ‎[解析]　考查动词。句意：此外，他为什么会需要如此美丽的东西呢？A.bring“带来”；B.buy“买”；C.like“喜欢”；D.need“需要”，故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎12．A.washing B．looking at C．repairing D．showing off ‎[解析]　考查动词短语。根据下文put it on the table and started watching it again可知，然后，他开始仔细地看这个花瓶。A.washing“洗”；B.looking at“看着”；C.repairing“修理”；D.showing off“炫耀”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎13．A.house B．farm C．shop D．school ‎[解析]　考查名词。下文提到他把花瓶放到了桌子上，由此推断出他把这个花瓶带回了他的房子里。A.house“房子”；B.farm“农场”；C.shop“商店”；D.school“学校”，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎14．A.important B．right C．possible D．easy ‎[解析]　考查形容词。根据So he ____16____ some flowers and put them into the vase.可知这里意思是让如此美丽的东西空着是不对的。A.important“重要的”；B.right“正确的”；‎ ‎ C．possible“可能的”；D.easy“容易的”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎15．A.big B．empty C．old D．safe ‎[解析]　考查形容词。句意：让如此美丽的东西空着是不对的。A.big“大的”；B.empty“空的”；C.old“年老的”；D.safe“安全的”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎16．A.planted B．borrowed C．stole D．picked ‎[解析]　考查动词。句意：所以他去摘了一些花，把它们放在花瓶里。A.planted“种植”； B．borrowed“借”；C.stole“偷”；D.picked“采摘”，故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎17．A.more beautiful B．stranger C．more expensive D．stronger ‎[解析]　考查形容词。句意：这个花瓶甚至变得更美丽了。A.more beautiful“更美丽”； B．stranger“奇怪”；C.more expensive“更昂贵”；D.stronger“更强壮”，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎18．A.expected B．thought C．believed D．doubted ‎[解析]　考查动词。上文说如此美丽的东西位于一个蜘蛛网的旁边是不好的，这是他在想。A.expected“盼望”；B.thought“想”；C.believed“相信”；D.doubted“怀疑”，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎19．A.cleaning B．checking C．moving D．choosing ‎[解析]　考查动词。根据He cleaned the dust, washed the floor and whitened the walls.可知这个贫穷的人开始打扫他的房间。A.cleaning“打扫”；B.checking“检查”；C.moving“移动”；D.choosing“选择”，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎20．A.or B．for C．but D．and ‎[解析]　考查固定短语。句意：很显然，他的房子不再贫穷，更确切地说，是温暖和舒适。but rather“更确切地说”，是固定短语，故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C