【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句学案

二轮复习名词性从句学案 ‎1．(2017·江苏高考卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of________ it used to charge.‎ A．that B．which C．what D．how C　[句意：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们过去所收价格的一半。空处在句中引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作charge的宾语，因此只能选择what。half of what it used to charge“它过去所收价格的一半”。]‎ ‎2．(2016·江苏高考卷)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ A．why B．what C．as D．that D　[句意：通常，对于那些心怀希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。it在句中是形式主语，that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope是主语从句，在句中作真正的主语。由于主语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，故用that引导主语从句。]‎ ‎3．(2014·江苏高考卷)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I'm not to blame，Mum.I am________ you have made me.‎ A．how B．what C．that D．who B　[句意：——真是一团糟！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，不该责备我。我是你培养的。what引导表语从句，且在从句中充当宾语补足语，意为“……样子的人”。] ‎ ‎4．(2017·北京高考卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street，not knowing________ she was heading.‎ A．why B．where C．how D．when B　[句意：简漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词knowing的宾语，且从句 中缺少地点状语，故应用where引导。]‎ ‎5．(2017·天津高考卷)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.‎ A．when B．where C．whether D．what C　[句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导这个宾语从句。]‎ 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序。‎ 一、名词性从句的引导词 引导词 用法 连词 that，whether，if等 均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用whether 连接 代词 what，who，whom，‎ which，whatever，whoever，whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分 连接 副词 when，where，why，‎ how，whenever，wherever，however等 在从句中作状语 The trouble is that we are short of money.‎ He hasn't decided whether he will go there.‎ Do you know who has got the first prize?‎ What we need is more practice.‎ Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.‎ When he will go abroad hasn't been decided yet.‎ No one knew why he made such a mistake.‎ 二、名词性从句的类别 ‎1．主语从句 ‎(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他 That he passed the driving test made us very happy.‎ Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.‎ ‎(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有：‎ It＋be＋adj.＋that从句；‎ It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that从句；‎ It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；‎ It＋seem(appear，happen等不及物动词)＋that从句 It is certain that you will pass the College Entrance Examination.‎ It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.‎ It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.‎ It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.‎ ‎2．表语从句 ‎(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语＋系动词＋表语从句 The beautiful views and the friendly people are what new comers like in San Francisco.‎ ‎(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。‎ I think it's because you're careless.‎ He was ill.That's why he was absent.‎ ‎(3)The reason why从句＋be＋that从句 The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.‎ ‎(4)What从句＋be＋that从句 What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.‎ ‎(5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句 It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ ‎3．宾语从句 ‎(1)主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句 主语＋动词＋介词＋宾语从句 He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.‎ ‎(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。常用的谓语动词有：make，think，feel，find，consider等。‎ I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.‎ ‎(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。‎ 常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等。‎ I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.‎ I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.‎ ‎(4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称I，we。‎ I don't think your answers are right.‎ I don't believe she will attend the meeting.‎ ‎4．同位语从句 ‎(1)跟在名词后，对名词的内容给予说明。常见的名词有fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等。‎ The fact that she is good at English makes her the right person for the job.‎ I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.‎ ‎(2)同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。‎ Word came that our team had won the game.‎ 三、whatever，whoever，whichever的用法 whever引导名词性从句表示泛指，含有“任何……”之意，有时也表示疑问；而what，who，which则表示特指意义。‎ Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.‎ I believe whatever he told me.‎ I believe what he told me.‎ I don't know however he got the secret.‎ ‎1．(2017·南通、泰州高三一模)The argument doesn't hold much ground________ ‎ family backgrounds offer graduates an advantage in the career competition nowadays.‎ A．where B．that C．which D．when B　[句意：现在，大学毕业生的家庭背景会在职业竞争中为他们提供优势，这样的论据是没有多大根据的。本句中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明argument的内容。]‎ ‎2．(2017·南通、泰州高三一模)—What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success?‎ ‎—________he keeps focused on what he is doing.‎ A．Because B．How C．Whether D．That D　[句意：——你认为是什么造就了他的巨大成功？——(我认为)是他一直专注于自己在做的事情(造就了他的巨大成功)。That在此引导的是主语从句，且That在从句中不作成分。]‎ ‎3．(2017·无锡高三一模)I want to thank everyone who took part in the campaign on my side of the argument，including all those who put aside party differences to speak in________ they believe was the national interest.‎ A．that B．what C．where D．which B　[句意：我要感谢在这场运动里和我持相同意见的每个人，包括所有那些不顾政党差异，为他们认定的国家利益而发言的人。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事情”，所以要用what。]‎ ‎4．(2017·扬州高三一模)How I envy Jones! She can eat super big hamburgers without fear________ she will put on much weight.‎ A．that B．which C．whether D．where A　[句意：我多么羡慕琼斯！她能吃超级大汉堡而不担心会发胖。fear后跟了一个同位语从句，从句意思完整且不缺任何成分，故用that。which“哪一个”；whether“是否”；where“在哪里”。]‎ ‎5．(2017·南京、盐城高三一模) I've come to learn that the best time to debate with ‎ family members is________ they have food in their mouths.‎ A．how B．that ‎ C．whether D．when D　[句意：我慢慢了解到，与家人辩论的最佳时间就是他们嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，表示“当……时”，应用when。故选D项。]‎ ‎6．(2017·常州高三一模)When you feel alone，just look at the spaces between your fingers，and remember that's ________ my fingers fit perfectly.‎ A．what B．where ‎ C．why D．how B　[句意：当你觉得孤单的时候，看看指缝间的空隙，那是我的手指安然停留的位置。根据句意可知，从句中缺少地点状语，故选where。]‎ ‎7．(2017·苏北四市高三一模)Many antipiracy experts are able to determine________ an item has been pirated or not，based on the maker's style and qualifications.‎ A．that B．whether ‎ C．what D．why B　[句意：很多反盗版专家可以根据制造商的风格和资历来判断一样东西是不是盗版的。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知，空处应用whether在句中引导宾语从句。]‎ ‎8．(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)With private groups，there is a false sense________ everybody in the groups knows each other and has the same interests in mind.‎ A．where B．that ‎ C．what D．why B　[句意：对于私人团体，存在一种错误的感觉，即团体中的每个人都了解其他人且心中都有一样的兴趣爱好。that引导的名词性从句充当sense的同位语，其中的连接词that在同位语从句中无含义，不充当任何成分。] ‎ ‎9．(2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)The prize winner described to the class________he had managed to achieve excellence in his studies.‎ A．if B．how ‎ C．what D．that B　[句意：获奖者向全班同学讲述自己是如何在学习上取得优异成绩的。根据句意可知，B项符合语境，how 表“如何”。]‎ ‎10．(2017·苏锡常镇高三二模 )Hard work，along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee of success，which is________ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.‎ A．that B．where ‎ C．what D．how C　[句意：艰苦奋斗与甘于奉献的革命精神是成功的根本保证，这是我们应该从参加长征的先驱们身上学习的东西。空处在句中引导表语从句，且在从句中作learn的宾语，表示“所……的东西”，故用what。]‎