新疆乌鲁木齐八一中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

新疆乌鲁木齐八一中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

乌鲁木齐八一中学高2021届18-19学年第二学期期中 英语试卷 第I卷（选择题)‎ 一、阅读理解 ‎（A）‎ Like their ancient toga-wearing counterparts, modern philosophers continue to disagree on the nature of freewill. Do we really have any control over the choices we make and the things we desire, and if so, to what degree?‎ Theories of freewill vary, but the ancient words of Plato still line up with our modern perceptions(概念) of temptation and willpower. The respected Greek philosopher argued that the human experience is one of constant struggle between the intellect and the body, between rationality and desire. Along these lines, true freedom is only achievable when willpower unchains us from bodily, emotional, instinctual slavery.‎ You can find similar thoughts throughout world religions, most of which offer a particular and often difficult path to rise above our darker natures.‎ And science? Well, science mostly agrees with all of this. Willpower is all about overcoming your natural desires to eat cupcakes, skip your morning workout, play games on mobile phone, hit the snooze alarm and check your e-mail during a funeral.‎ Your willpower, however, is limited. If life were a video game, you'd see a glowing "willpower" or "ego"(自我) meter at the top of the screen next to your "life" meter. Successfully resist one temptation, and the meter drains a little. The next temptation drains the "willpower" meter even more, until there's nothing left at all.‎ Our modern scientific understanding of willpower in large part stems from a 1996 research experiment involving chocolate and radishes(小红萝卜) Psychologist Roy Baumeister led a study in which 67 test subjects were presented with tempting chocolate chip cookies and other chocolate-flavored treats before a persistence-testing puzzle. Here's the catch: The researchers asked some of the participants to withdraw from sweets and snack on radishes instead.‎ Baumeister's results told a fascinating story. The test subjects who resisted the sweet stuff in favor of radishes performed poorly on the persistence test. They simply didn't have the willpower left ‎ to resist slacking off(松懈).‎ The research inspired more than a thousand additional studies discussing everything from the influence of positive messages to the ego-sapping power of daily decisions.‎ Studies also show that cognitive capacity also affects our ability to hold out against temptation. Cognitive capacity is essentially your working memory, which you employ when resisting a temptation ... or holding a string of numbers in your head. A 1999 study from the University of Iowa professor Baba Shiv found that people tasked with remembering a two-digit number held out better than people remembering a seven-digit number when tempted with chocolate cake.‎ ‎1. What do you understand by ‘freewill’?‎ A. The control we have over the choices.‎ B. The choices we make and the things we desire.‎ C. The choices that philosophers force us to make.‎ D. Our perception of temptation.‎ ‎2. According to Plato, when is true freedom available?‎ A. Willpower to realize one’s own ego. B. Our ability to overcome temptation.‎ C. Our ability to remember things. D. The desire to give in to temptation.‎ ‎3. What is meant by ‘cognitive capacity’?‎ A. When there is a struggle between the intellect and the body.‎ B. When our willpower helps us to overcome our basic instincts.‎ C. When we desire that which we cannot achieve.‎ D. When we have no control over our ego.‎ ‎【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于科普文，介绍了不同时代对意志力的理解不一样，一个现代科学心理实验让我们对意志力有了更深的理解，同时提出了认知能力的概念。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like their ancient toga-wearing counterparts, modern philosophers continue to disagree on the nature of freewill. Do we really have any control over the choices we make and the things we desire, and if so, to what degree?‎ ‎”可知，就像他们的古代穿着长袍的同行一样，现代哲学家们仍然对意志力的本质持不同意见。我们真的对我们所做的选择和我们想要的东西有任何控制权吗？如果有，控制到什么程度？故可知，问句是在解释freewill，即意志力就是控制自己的选择和欲望的能力。故选A。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Along these lines, true freedom is only achievable when willpower unchains us from bodily, emotional, instinctual slavery.”可知，柏拉图认为，只有意志力把我们从身体、情绪以及本能的奴役中解脱出来，才能达到真正的自由，故可知，只有当意志力帮助我们克服基本的欲望，才能达到真正的自由。故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Studies also show that cognitive capacity also affects our ability to hold out against temptation. Cognitive capacity is essentially your working memory, which you employ when resisting a temptation”可知，研究表明认知能力也影响我们抵抗诱惑的能力。认知能力本质上是你的工作记忆，你在抵制诱惑时会使用到它。故可知，认知能力是帮助你抵抗本能诱惑的一种能力。故选B。‎ ‎（B）‎ It's hard to overstate the importance of rainforests in keeping the world a place we want to go on living in. Yet they are being cleared at a terrifying rate, in part because methods to check on their protection are failing. The Nature Conservancy think they have a solution by listening to the rainforests' voices, and researchers they have partnered with have published a paper in Science confirming its viability(可行性).‎ Forest monitors struggle to keep up with what is happening in areas that are large and remote from population centers. Satellite images can flag complete destruction, but they do a poor job of measuring when a forest's diversity is degraded. Researchers have started tying small, solar-powered sound recorders to trees, setting them to listen at regular intervals, particularly dawn and dusk when the rainforest is most alive. The recorders provide an indication(显示) of the animal sounds for hundreds of meters in all directions. This marks a major advance over camera traps, which of course only point in one direction and are blocked from seeing far.‎ Reviewing several studies on the workings of these, Dr. Zuzana Burivalova of Princeton University and co-authors report that these sound recorders supply an amount of information about the forests' true condition, far more than can be showed by other remote sensors. Moreover, it is far cheaper to visit an area once to put in a recorder than to stick around for larger measurements.‎ Burivalova and colleagues also note some less obvious advantages. Once the data is uploaded, it can be analyzed by anyone. Deep learning programs can be used to tie sounds to their makers. Calls can be assessed in many ways, revealing both the number of noisy animals in the recorders' vicinity(附近) and the diversity of species that make them. The authors call for "a global organization to host a global acoustic(声学) platform" to provide a massive database of rainforest sounds, allowing comparisons between healthy and degraded rainforests half a world apart.‎ ‎4 What is the possible reason for the rainforests disappearing rapidly according to paragraph 1?‎ A. The climate changes have a bad effect on it.‎ B. People attach no importance to its protection.‎ C. Goods related to rainforests are popular among consumers.‎ D. There is a lack of good means to monitor its real condition.‎ ‎5. What is the disadvantage of the Satellite images?‎ A. It cannot keep track of the wildlife in the forest.‎ B. It cannot predict the wildlife diversity with cameras.‎ C. It cannot figure out the wildlife diversity in the forest.‎ D. It cannot mark the disappearance of the rainforests clearly.‎ ‎6. What can we learn from paragraph 3?‎ A. The forests' true condition is worse than expected.‎ B. The sound recorders are more efficient and reliable.‎ C. The remote sensors are far more effective than the sound recorders.‎ D. They need larger measurements to record the rainforest sounds.‎ ‎7. What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A. Animal calls. B. Obvious advantages.‎ C. Previous studies. D. Nearby recorders.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。热带雨林的重要性不言而喻。但是热带雨林正以惊人的速度消失。科学家发明了一种新的方法——通过录音机来倾听热带雨林的声音，以了解其现状，进而可能解决这一难题。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Yet they are being cleared at a terrifying rate, in part because methods to check on their protection are failing."然而，它们正以惊人的速度消失，部分原因是缺少检验它们的保护措施的方法。故答案为D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Satellite images can flag complete destruction, but they do a poor job of measuring when a forest’s diversity is degraded."可知卫星图像能够标记雨林整体的破坏，但它们在测量森林多样性的退化方面做得很差。故答案为C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Reviewing several studies on the workings of these, Dr. Zuzana Burivalova of Princeton University and co-authors report that these sound recorders supply an amount of information about the forests’ true condition, far more than can be showed by other remote sensors. "普林斯顿大学的Zuzana Burivalova博士和他的合著者重新研究了一些关于这些工作方法的研究，他们报告说，这些录音机提供了大量关于森林真实状况的信息，远远超过了其他遥感器所能显示的信息。和 "it is far cheaper to visit an area once to put in a recorder than to stick around for larger measurements."在一个地方安装一台录音机要比长时间待在那里广泛地测量花费少得多，可知答案为B。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。此句意为:通话可以通过多种方式进行评估，既可以显示录音器附近嘈杂动物的数量，也可以显示发出这些声音的物种的多样性。可知them指动物发出的声音。故选A。‎ ‎（C）‎ It's easy to imagine the Sahara as a lifeless and timeless place, where the merciless forces of nature rule over any sense of human history. However, that’s far from the truth. Some corners of the Western Sahara, found along the northwestern coast of Africa, are littered with hundreds of ancient stone monuments from centuries worth of human culture, some of which date back to over 10,000 years ago.‎ Between 2002 and 2009, the Western Sahara Project, led by the University of East Anglia in the UK, documented the archaeology(考古学) and environment of northwestern Sahara around the town of Tifariti. The monuments come in a variety of forms and were constructed by a number of different cultures across the centuries. Many appear to be little more than long rows of piled rocks, while others are purposefully placed large stones standing proudly in a circular pattern. Others are 5-meter-high (16‎ ‎ feet) dry stone wall constructions that could have only been built by human hands.‎ It’s unclear what most of the monuments are meant to represent, although most are assumed to be burial mounds(墓冢), used as part of a funerary ceremony, or sign at the presence of a grave. This desire to construct burial mounds is something that can be found in countless cultures across the planet, from the Scythians of ancient Siberia to the sea-faring Vikings of northern Europe, and it looks like the ancient people of Western Sahara were not different.‎ For one reason or another, this natural basin area managed to remain a place of human activity over the millennia, especially when times became tough in the surrounding areas. "One of our theories is that as the Sahara dried between five and six thousand years ago—this is one of the refugia(避难所), an area where water remained," Joanne Clarke, prehistoric archaeologist at the University of East Anglia, told Atlas Obscura.‎ ‎8. How were the monuments constructed?‎ A. They are in different shapes.‎ B. They are piled up on one another.‎ C. They took about 500 years to complete.‎ D. Most of them are parallel to each other.‎ ‎9. What will the researchers probably focus on about the monuments in future?‎ A. The way to build burial mounds.‎ B. The symbols of different monuments.‎ C. The original appearances of the monuments.‎ D. Their difference between the Sahara and other regions.‎ ‎10. What does Joanne Clarke think of the Sahara in history?‎ A. It was the mere source of water in that area.‎ B. It used to be a shelter from sufferings for people.‎ C. People used to hold various activities in its honor.‎ D. It shouldn’t have dried five and six thousand years ago.‎ ‎11. What can be the best title of the text?‎ A. The Sahara used to be a heaven for every culture.‎ B. The Sahara is really a lifeless and timeless place.‎ C. The burial bounds represent different cultures in the Sahara.‎ D. The Western Sahara is covered with mysterious ancient stone monuments.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是，很久以前，撒哈拉沙漠并不是不毛之地，在西撒哈拉沙漠发现的数百座古代石碑，代表了那时的灿烂文化。‎ ‎8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The monuments come in a variety of forms and were constructed by a number of different cultures across the centuries."可知，这些纪念碑形式各异，是由几个世纪以来许多不同的文化建造而成的，故选A。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的"It’s unclear what most of the monuments are meant to represent, although most are assumed to be burial mounds(墓冢), used as part of a funerary ceremony, or sign at the presence of a grave."可知，目前还不清楚大多数石碑代表什么意义，尽管大多数被认为是墓冢，被用作葬礼仪式的一部分，或暗示坟墓的存在，因此，科学家们接下来要研究的应该是他们不清楚的内容，故答案为B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"One of our theories is that as the Sahara dried between five and six thousand years ago—this is one of the refugia(避难所), an area where water remained"可知，Joanne Clarke认为当撒哈拉沙漠在五到六千年前干涸的时候，这里是一个避难所，一个仍然有水的地方，故答案为B。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段的However, that’s far from the truth. Some corners of the Western Sahara, found along the northwestern coast of Africa, are littered with hundreds of ancient stone monuments from centuries worth of human culture, some of which date back to over 10,000 years ago.可知，本文主要介绍了分布在西撒哈拉沙漠数百座神秘的古代石碑，因此推断D项为最佳标题。故答案为D。‎ ‎【点睛】事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how 引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中的"One of our theories is that as the Sahara dried between five and six thousand years ago—this is one of the refugia(避难所), an area where water remained"可知，科学家们的一个看法是，当撒哈拉沙漠在五到六千年前干涸的时候，这里是一个避难所，一个仍然有水的地方，可知答案为B。‎ ‎（D）‎ Students perform less well in final exams if smartphones are allowed in class, for non-academic (非学业的) purposes in lectures, a new study in Educational Psychology finds. Students who don’t use smartphones themselves but attend lectures where their use is acceptable also do worse, suggesting that smartphone use damages the group learning environment.‎ Researchers from Rutgers University in the US performed an in-class experiment to lest whether dividing attention between smartphones and the lecturer during the class affected students’ performance in within-lecture tests and a final exam. 118 students at Rutgers University took part in the experiment during one term of their course. Smartphones were not allowed in half of the lectures and allowed in the other half. When smartphones were allowed, students were asked to record whether they had used them for non-academic purposes during the lecture.‎ The study found that having a smartphone didn’t lower students’ scores in comprehension tests within lectures, but it did lower scores in the final exam by at least 5%, or half a grade. This finding shows for the first time that the main effect of divided attention in the classroom is on the length of time in keeping memory, with fewer things of a study task later remembered. In addition, when the use of smartphones was allowed in class, performance was also poorer for students who did not use them as well as for those who did.‎ The study’s lead author, Professor Arnold Glass, added: “These findings should alarm students and teachers that dividing attention is having a not obvious but harmful effect that is damaging their exam performance and final grade. To help manage the use of smartphones in the classroom, teachers should explain to students the alarming effect—not only for themselves, but for the whole class.”‎ This is the first-ever study in an actual classroom showing a relationship between losing attention from smartphones and exam performance. However, more researches are required to see how students are affected by using smartphones after school.‎ ‎12. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?‎ A. To present the main findings of the experiment.‎ B. To explain how the experiment was carried out.‎ C. To give details about the result of the experiment.‎ D. To suggest what should be done for teachers and students.‎ ‎13. We know from the experiment that having a smartphone in class ________.‎ A. had no bad effect if students do not use them B. caused an average 5% drop in students’ scores C. made it harder for students to keep things in mind D. had a bad effect on students’ performance in all tests ‎14. What’s Professor Glass’ attitude towards using smartphones in class?‎ A. He was against it.‎ B. He was in favor of it.‎ C. He cared little about it.‎ D. He doubted the findings.‎ ‎15. What is the research team likely to do next?‎ A. To find out ways to improve students’ memory.‎ B. To call on schools to ban smartphones completely.‎ C. To study the influence of using smartphones after class.‎ D. To do researches on focusing attention in actual classrooms.‎ ‎【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。美国罗格斯大学的一项实验发现课堂上允许携带智能手机会影响学生的学习成绩。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中Students perform less well in final exams if smartphones are allowed in class, for non-academic purposes in lectures, a new study in Educational Psychology finds.可知，教育心理学的一项新的研究发现，如果在课堂上允许（学生）因为非学术性的原因使用手机，学生期末考试中的表现要差一些。这是这项实验的主要发现，故选A项。第一段没有涉及到实验是如何进行的也没有提到对老师和学生有什么建议，排除B和D项；第一段的实验结果不是很详细，排除C项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中“but it did lower scores in the final exam by at least 5%,”可知，上课有智能手机的学生的期末成绩至少而不是平均下降了5%，这是有害的影响，排除A项和B项。根据“The study found that having a smartphone didn’t lower students’ scores in comprehension tests within lectures,”可知，学生在课堂上的理解测试成绩没有降低，故排除D项。根据第三段“This finding shows for the first time that the main effect of divided attention in the classroom is on the length of time in keeping memory, with fewer things of a study task later remembered.”可知，（手机）在课堂上分散注意力，这种情况的主要影响在于（它影响学生）记忆的时间长短，学生记住的学习任务也更少，也就是学生更难记住东西，故选C项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中“These findings should alarm students and teachers that dividing attention is having a not obvious but harmful effect that is damaging… to students the alarming effect-not only for themselves, but for the whole class.”可知，Professor Glass认为这项实验的发现应该给学生和老师敲响警铃，他说注意力分散会产生不明显但有害的影响，会损害他们的考试成绩和最终成绩。老师们应该向学生们解释在课堂上使用手机的后果。由此可见Professor Glass认为在课堂上使用手机是有害的，他对此持反对态度。故选A项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, more researches are required to see how students are affected by using smartphones after school.可知，作者认为还需要更多的研究来了解学生们放学后使用智能手机的影响。所以研究团队下一步可能会研究学生们放学后使用智能手机的影响，故选C项。‎ 二、七选五 Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. ____16____ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.‎ You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. ____17____ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective(选择的) process. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.‎ ‎____18____‎ ‎●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.‎ ‎●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.‎ ‎●Write your notes in your own words.‎ ‎●____19____‎ ‎●Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.‎ As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. ____20____‎ A. Use words, not complete sentences.‎ B. There are three practical note-taking methods.‎ C. You must write your notes on separate paper.‎ D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.‎ E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.‎ F. The following methods may work best for you.‎ G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand.‎ ‎【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. A 20. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇选句填空。文章介绍记笔记的作用和方法。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 与下文Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.并列，可知这里想说第一个要点，G项：First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand.(首先，写下一些东西能够让你记忆它变得更容易)符合文意，故选G。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 上句You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.表达了记笔记的想法。下句Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind(牢记) that note-taking is a selective(选择性的)process.介绍了记笔记的原则，E项：You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.(你可能想形成记笔记的自己的方法。)承上启下，故选E。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据后文Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. ●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.可知，主要讲述记笔记的方法，F项：The following methods may work best for you.引出下文，故选F。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据下文As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols(符号)and that you use them all the time.可知，这里想说记笔记时用词，不用完整的句子。A项与其他注意事项并列，都为祈使句，故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols (符号)and that you use them all the time.可知，记笔记时一定要理解所使用的符号，否则以后会看不懂自己的笔记。前后句转折，故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。‎ 比如小题4，根据As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols (符号)and that you use them all the time.可知这里想说用词，不用完整的句子，故选A。‎ 三、完形填空 On Thursday morning, two teenage boys were rescued by a drone (无人机) in Australia while lifeguards were still training to use the machine.‎ The ___21___, aged 15-17, got into difficulties about 700 feet off the coast of Lennox Head, New South Wales (NSW). A passerby saw them ___22___ in dangerous waves. Lifesavers ___23___ sent the drone to drop a lifeboat, and the pair made their way safely to the ___24___.‎ The drone, known as “Little Pipper”, was actually not ___25___ to be saving anyone just yet---lifeguards were being trained to ___26___ the machine. When a call came about the swimmers ___27___, the drone happened to be nearby.‎ Jai Sheridan was the lifeguard who ___28___ the drone. He described the experience as ___29___. “The Little Ripper ___30___ proved itself today. It is a highly efficient (高效的) piece of ‎ lifesaving equipment. I was ___31___ the drone when the alarm was raised. I directed it towards the swimmers, and dropped the ___32___. With its support they made their way to safety. They were ___33___, but not hurt. The teens were rescued in just 70 seconds with the drone---while a lifeguard would have taken up to six minutes to ___34___ the rescue.”‎ John Barilaro, an official of the state, ___35___ the rescue as historic. “It was the world’s ___36___ rescue by the unmanned aircraft”, he said. “Never before has a drone been used to ___37___ swimmers like this.”‎ Last December, the NSW state government ___38___ some “Little Ripper” drones for 247,000 pounds. ___39___ some are designed to spot sharks, others are ___40___ with lifeboats, alarms and loudspeakers. “It was money well spent,” said John Barilaro.‎ ‎21. A. swimmers B. pilots C. visitors D. rescuers ‎22. A. playing B. surfing C. struggling D. training ‎23. A. finally B. secretly C. immediately D. gratefully ‎24. A. island B. ship C. hospital D. shore ‎25. A. advised B. supposed C. allowed D. guided ‎26. A. operate B. repair C. work D. power ‎27. A. in charge B. in place C. in action D. in trouble ‎28. A. flew B. brought C. checked D. designed ‎29. A. funny B. useful C. amazing D. important ‎30. A. necessarily B. basically C. probably D. certainly ‎31. A. studying B. piloting C. boarding D. inspecting ‎32. A. lifebelt B. lifeline C. lifeguard D. lifeboat ‎33. A. sick B. tired C. excited D. surprised ‎34. A. record B. complete C. experience D. report ‎35. A. thanked B. greeted C. imagined D. praised ‎36. A. latest B. best C. first D. quickest ‎37. A. rescue B. warn C. protect D. reward ‎38. A. offered B. bought C. booked D. made ‎39. A. Since B. Unless C. While D. Before ‎40. A. equipped B. connected C. covered D. filled ‎【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于一篇新闻报道，介绍无人机营救水中遇到麻烦的游泳者，并且证明了无人机营救的高效率。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：游泳者，15到17岁，在离海岸700英尺的地方遇到困难。A. swimmers游泳者；B. pilots飞行员；C. visitors游客；D. rescuers营救队员。根据后文A passerby saw them ___2___ in dangerous waves可知，游泳者在水里遇到困难，故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个路过的人看见他们在惊涛骇浪中挣扎。A. playing玩；B. surfing冲浪；C. struggling挣扎；D. training训练。根据文章可知，他们遇到麻烦，在惊涛骇浪中挣扎，故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：救生人员马上派了一辆无人机扔下一艘救生船，这两个人最终安全到达岸边。A. finally最终；B. secretly秘密地；C. immediately立刻；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文while lifeguards were still training to use the machine可知，救生人员立刻用无人机送了救生艇，故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：救生人员马上派了一辆无人机扔下一辆救生船，这两个人最终安全到达岸边。A. island岛屿；B. ship船；C. hospital医院；D. shore岸边。根据文章可知，这两个游泳者获救，安全到达岸边。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个无人机实际上不应该去营救别人，因为救生人员正在培训操作这辆无人机。A. advised建议；B. supposed假如；C. allowed允许；D. guided指导。根据后文可知，救生队员对无人机不熟练，不应该用于救人，故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个无人机实际上不应该去营救别人，因救生人员正在培训操作这辆无人机。A. operate操作；B. repair修理；C. work工作；D. power充电。根据前文while ‎ lifeguards were still training to use the machine可知，救生队员正在培训使用无人机，故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查短语辨析。句意：当遇到麻烦的游泳者的电话打过来的时候，无人机恰好就在附近。A. in charge负责；B. in place在设当的位置；C. in action在行动中；D. in trouble麻烦之中。根据文章可知，游泳者处于困境，故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jai Sheridan 是负责操作无人机的救生人员。A. flew飞；B. brought带来；C. checked检查；D. designed设计。根据后文He described the experience可知，他参与了营救的事件，故可知是他在负责飞行无人机，故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他描述这次经历很让人惊讶。A. funny有趣的；B. useful有用的；C. amazing惊讶的；D. important重要的。根据后文proved itself today.可知，无人机证明了可行性，故令人惊讶，故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：无人机Little Ripper今天的确证明了自己。A. necessarily必要地；B. basically基本地；C. probably可能；D. certainly当然。根据文章可知，无人机通过这次事件证明了其可行性，故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当报警声音响起的时候，我正在操控这个无人机。A. studying学习；B. piloting驾驶；C. boarding登机；D. inspecting检查。根据后文I directed it towards the swimmers可知，这个救生队员正在操控无人机，故选B。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把无人机导过去，把救生艇扔下去。A. lifebelt安全带；B. lifeline救生索；C. lifeguard救生队；D. lifeboat救生艇。根据前文可知，无人机把救生艇扔下去了，故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很疲惫，但是没有受伤。A. sick生病的；B. tired疲惫的；C. excited兴奋的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据文章可知，游泳者获救，因此很疲惫，故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在无人机的帮助下，这两个青少年在70‎ 秒内就获救了，而救生队员则要花长达6分钟的时间完成营救。A. record记录；B. complete完成；C. experience经历；D. report报道。根据文章可知，本句描述无人机和人工救援的对比，故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：John Barilaro ，这个州的官员称赞这次营救有着相当的历史意义。A. thanked感谢；B. greeted打招呼；C. imagined想象；D. praised称赞。根据后文可知，对这次营救持表扬的态度，故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上第一次无人机营救的事件。A. latest最新的；B. best最好的；C. first第一个；D. quickest最快的。根据后文Never before has a drone been used to可知，之前从未用过无人机营救，故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：之前从未使用无人机这样营救过游泳者。A. rescue营救；B. warn警告；C. protect保护；D. reward奖励。根据文章可知，本句描述这次营救的意义，故选A。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，州政府花了247,000 英镑购置了一些无人机。A. offered提供；B. bought购买；C. booked预定；D. made制作。根据It was money well spent可知，花钱买的无人机，故选B。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：一些无人机用来定位鲨鱼，而另外一些无人机则装备救生艇。A. Since因为；B. Unless除非；C. While然而；D. Before在…之前。分析句子可知，前后句属于对比关系，故用while，故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些无人机用来定位鲨鱼，而另外一些无人机则装备救生艇。A. equipped装备；B. connected联系；C. covered覆盖；D. filled充满。根据前文可知，这些救人的无人机配备有救生艇，故选A。‎ 第II卷（非选择题)‎ 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There were many great philosophers in ancient China. Confucius stressed the significance of ____41____ (kind), duty and order in society, ____42____ ideas influenced Chinese society for over 2,‎ ‎ 000 years.‎ Mencius was a student of Confucius’s ideas. His teachings were similar to ____43____ of Confucius. He ____44____ (bring) up by his mother and had an important position in the government of ___45___ state. He believed man is good, that people would be good if government was kind, and ____46____ people were more important than rulers. Mencius wrote a book ____47____ (call) The Book of Mencius in his last years.‎ Mozi was also an ____48____ (influence) thinker, whose beliefs were similar to Confucius’s ____49____ some ways. Born into a poor family, he became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Because he considered that government was most important, he spent many years ____50____ (try) to find a state where people would follow his teaching. He believed all men were equal.‎ ‎【答案】41. kindness ‎ ‎42. whose 43. those ‎ ‎44. was brought ‎ ‎45. a/one 46. that ‎ ‎47. called 48. influential ‎ ‎49. in 50. trying ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于说明文，介绍了三位杰出的中国古代思想家，孔子、孟子以及墨子。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查名词。介词of后接名词作宾语，故用kindness。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，_____ideas influenced Chinese society for over 2, 000 years.为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Confucius，从句中作ideas的定语，故填whose。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：孟子的学术观点与孔子的观点相似。分析句子可知，本空指代teachings，特指上文提到的可数名词复数，用代词those，故填those。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查时态语态。句意：他由母亲抚养长大，在一个诸侯国里担任重要职位。分析句子可知，bring作谓语，与主语为动宾关系，陈述过去的事情，主语是第三人称单数，故填was brought。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查冠词。state为国家，可数名词，第一次提及，故用不定冠词a或者one。故填a/one。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：他相信人性本善，如果政府仁政，人们就会善良，民贵君轻。分析句子可知，people were more important than rulers与that people would be good if government was kind并列作believe的宾语，从句结构完整，故用引导词that。故填that。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：孟子写了一本书叫孟子。分析句子可知，call作后置定语修饰book，与其逻辑主语为动宾关系，故用过去分词called作定语，故填called。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故用influential。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：墨子也是一个有影响力的思想家，他的观点在一些方面与孔子的观点相似。本句为短语in some ways 在一些方面，故用in。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。本句为spend的用法spend time in doing sth花费时间做某事，故用trying作宾语，故填trying。‎ 五、短文改错 ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ One day, Dad and I was taking a walk by the lake while a boy rode by at a very high speed. Suddenly, we heard the loud scream. We turned around and saw the boy struggling in the lake, crying out help, Daddy and I ran towards him quickly and had pulled him out of the water. However, the boy rode away immediate without saying “Thank you”. I felt disappointing at his behavior. To my surprises, the boy came back with hot drinks and dry towels several minutes late. Seeing this, I knew I ‎ had misunderstood him and felt ashamed of me.‎ ‎【答案】1. was→were ‎2. while→when ‎3. the→a ‎4. help前加for ‎5.删除had ‎6. immediate→ immediately ‎7. disappointing→ disappointed ‎8. surprises→ surprise ‎9. late→ later ‎10. me→ myself ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文属于记叙文，讲述作者与父亲在湖边散步，救了一个落水男孩，结果却不辞而别，让作者很失望，最后男孩回来带着热饮和干毛巾，作者误解了男孩。‎ ‎【详解】第一处：考查主谓一致。本句主语为Dad and I为复数，故谓语动词也应用复数，故把was改为were。‎ 第二处：考查连词。句意：我和父亲在湖边散步的时候，一个男孩飞快地从我们旁边骑车经过。本句为结构be doing sth. when...正在做某事的时候突然……，是固定句型，故把while改为when。‎ 第三处：考查冠词。句意：突然我们听到一声尖叫。分析句子可知，loud scream尖叫为可数名词，第一次提及，故用不定冠词，故把the改为a。‎ 第四处：考查介词。句意：我们转身一看，发现男孩正在湖里挣扎，大声求救。分析句子可知，crying out的目的是为了求救，故在help前加for。‎ 第五处：考查时态。句意：我和父亲快速跑过去，把他从湖里拉上来。分析句子可知，本文陈述作者救人的事情，故用一般过去时，故去掉had。‎ 第六处：考查副词。修饰动词rode away用副词，故把immediate改为immediately。‎ 第七处：考查形容词。本句为描述作者的感受，用ed形式形容词，故把disappointing改为disappointed。‎ 第八处：考查固定短语。句意：让我惊讶的是，几分钟之后，男孩回来了，带着热饮和干毛巾。本句为短语to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是，故把surprises改为surprise。‎ 第九处：考查副词。几分钟之后，用later，late“迟；晚”，故把late改later。‎ 第十处：考查代词。句意：看到这，我知道误解了他，因此感到很愧疚。由于主语为I，宾语与主语人称一致，故用反身代词作宾语，故把me改为myself。‎ ‎【点睛】反身代词的用法。‎ ‎1.作宾语，通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。例如： Jane is too young to look after herself.简年纪太小，以至于不能照看自己。He didn't hurt himself, thank goodness.他未伤了他自己，谢天谢地。‎ ‎2.作同位语，用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时，在句中作同位语。例如：You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。 I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业。‎ ‎3.固定短语，与by搭配，意为：单独地，没有人帮助的。例如：We must finish it all by ourselves.我们必须全靠自己去完成。He can swim all by himself. 他能独自一个人游泳。‎ 比如第十处，由于主语为I，宾语与主语人称一致，故用反身代词作宾语，故把me改为myself。‎ 六、提纲类作文 ‎52.假设你是北京市某中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对北京市遭沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社写一封信，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。‎ ‎1. 过去家乡树木成林：如今人们毁林种地建房；‎ ‎2. 气候变化，土地沙漠化；‎ ‎3. 植树造林，人人有责。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右：开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 开头语已为你写好。‎ Dear Editor,‎ I’m a student at a middle school of Beijing. ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Editor,‎ I’m a student at a middle school of Beijing. I’m writing to express my great concern for the environment in my hometown. My hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick forests and green grass could be seen everywhere. However, in order to build houses and grow more crops, people there cut down many trees. As time went by, the forests were seriously destroyed. Besides, because of climate changes it rains little now. As a result, sandstorms occur frequently, from which people suffer a lot. To prevent the process of desertification, I hope all the people can take good care of the forests and plant more trees. Then our living conditions will be improved little by little.‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours,‎ Li hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封倡导信。‎ ‎【详解】根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封倡导信，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：①过去家乡树木成林：如今人们毁林种地建房；②气候变化，土地沙漠化；③呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境；④植树造林，人人有责。‎ 第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：thick forests and green grass（青山绿水），climate change（气候变化），desertification（沙漠化），take good care of（照顾）等。‎ 第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。‎ 第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合书信的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。‎ 时间状语从句的使用As time went by, the forests were seriously destroyed.‎ 非限制性定语从句的使用As a result, sandstorms occur frequently, from which people suffer a lot.‎