2018-2019学年北京市西城区高二下学期期末考试英语试题 解析版

2018-2019学年北京市西城区高二下学期期末考试英语试题 解析版

北京市西城区2018 — 2019学年度第二学期期末试卷 高二英语 本试卷共8页,共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。‎ 第Ⅰ卷 (共75分)‎ I. 听力理解(共三节，22.5分)‎ 第一节: (共4小题; 每小题1.5分，共6分)‎ 听下面四段对话,每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。‎ ‎1.What is the woman going to do in Harbin?【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. Try winter sports. B. Visit some friends. C. Enjoy ice lanterns.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ M: What’s your plan for the Spring Festival holiday?‎ W: I’m going to Harbin with my friends.‎ M: Are you going there to enjoy ice lanterns?‎ W: Not really. We are crazy about winter sports like skiing, skating and snowboarding. In Harbin, we can try all these sports.‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ Who is most likely to work out the math problem?‎ A. Cathy. B. Tommy. C. Johnny.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ W: Johnny, could you help me with this math problem?‎ M: Cathy, you must be kidding me. You’d better ask someone else; I’m really terrible at it.‎ W: You know math is a headache for me. Do you know who can help?‎ M: You could ask Tommy; he’s a math person.‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ What is the woman going to do this Friday night?‎ A. Attend a lecture. B. Go to a party. C. Give a live show.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ M: Jane, are you coming to the party this Friday night?‎ W: I’d love to, but I’ve promised Lily that I’d attend a lecture.‎ M: That’s too bad. I heard a band was going to give a live show. It’s going to be great.‎ W: Oh, what a pity!‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ Why is the man nervous?‎ A. Because he’s got a stomachache.‎ B. Because he can’t remember his lines.‎ C. Because he’s afraid of going on stage.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ M: I’m nervous about the play tomorrow.‎ W: You really have nothing to worry about; you’ve spent plenty of time learning your lines.‎ M: You’re probably right, but I’m always battling against stage fright.‎ W: Be confident and then the butterflies in your stomach will fly away.‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第二节:(共6小题;每小题1.5分，共9分)‎ 听下面三段对话, 每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎5. What will the woman help the man with?‎ A. A radio show. B. A current project. C. A family problem.‎ ‎6. What’s the possible relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Neighbours. B. Colleagues. C. Classmates.‎ ‎【答案】5. A 6. B ‎【解析】‎ M: Becky, could you do the radio show for me tomorrow?‎ W: Why? What’s up?‎ M: Well, I have to deal with a family emergency.‎ W: Oh, I hope everything is all right. Wish you good luck.‎ M: Don’t worry. I’ll just be away for several days.‎ W: OK. I’d love to help you out with the show. I’ve just completed my current project.‎ M: That’s great! You know, you’re the only person I have asked because no one in our company is as reliable as you.‎ W: It’s nice of you to say so. I’ll make you proud!‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎7. Where does the conversation most probably take place?‎ A. At a fire scene. B. In a studio. C. At home.‎ ‎8. What does the man think is urgently needed?‎ A. News reports B. Fire engines. C. Helicopters.‎ ‎【答案】7. C 8. B ‎【解析】‎ W: Jackson, come on, come to the living room. Turn on the TV!‎ M: Yeah, yeah, all right. Any breaking news?‎ W: You see there are so many live news reports about it.‎ M: Oh, goodness. The church! It’s on fire!‎ W: The news presenter in the studio says everything is burning, and people are trying to save the main structure and the north tower.‎ M: How horrible it is! What caused it?‎ W: Let’s listen to the report from the fire scene…‎ M: The firefighters are trying their best to prevent the fire from spreading to the rest of the village.‎ W: Hasn’t a helicopter been sent there to help?‎ M: Helicopters won’t help much. More fire engines are urgently needed.‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎9. What does the woman want the man to do?‎ A. Change a camera. B. Buy some cheese. C. Pose for a picture.‎ ‎10. What does the woman like best about smartphones?‎ A. They can be used to share pictures easily.‎ B. They are small and lightweight.‎ C. They take high quality pictures.‎ ‎【答案】9. C 10. A ‎【解析】‎ W: Hey Frank. Say cheese.‎ M: Cheeeeese.‎ W: OK! Wow! You look great in the picture.‎ M: Let me have a look. Wow! Send this to me, please.‎ W: No problem. You see, we don’t have to use a camera to take pictures now.‎ M: Yeah, smartphones seem to have taken the place of many things.‎ W: Will traditional cameras be completely replaced by smartphones?‎ M: I don’t think so. The market is changing. The camera makers are making more high-end cameras for professional photographers. They need high quality pictures.‎ W: Yet, smartphones will still be what most people choose, because they are small and lightweight. What I like most about smart phones is that it’s easier to share pictures.‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第三节:(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)‎ 听下面一段独白, 根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ Making Smoothies Smoothie:a ___11___and creamy drink Tool a blender: an electric machine to ___12___liquids and soft foods Ingredients fruit, vegetables,yogurt, ice-cream, water, ice, fruit juice, ___13___, nuts, herbs Recipe for a strawberry smoothie ‎___14___strawberries, 125 ml of milk, 5 ice cubes, 1 tablespoon of sugar cut the strawberries into pieces and put them into a blender pour milk into the blender ‎___15___ ice ‎…‎ ‎【答案】11. thick ‎ ‎12. mix 13. honey ‎ ‎14. 10/ten 15. add ‎【解析】‎ Hey, good morning, everyone! Welcome to Lillian’s Kitchen. I’m Lillian Rayne. Today, we’re going to learn how to make smoothies. First, what is a smoothie? Please look at the glasses in front of me. They are smoothies! Don’t they look inviting? A smoothie is a thick and creamy drink made from raw fruit, vegetables, and sometimes dairy products like yogurt, or ice-cream, typically using a blender. Here you can see a blender. It’s an electric machine you use to mix liquids and soft foods together. Actually, besides some common recipes, you can be creative to make smoothies of your own style. You may use other ingredients, such as water, ice, fruit juice, honey, nuts, or even herbs.‎ Now, I’m showing you how to make a strawberry smoothie. Strawberry smoothies are healthy, delicious, and refreshing—and best of all, they’re easy to make! First, you need 10 strawberries, 125 ml of milk, 5 ice cubes, and 1 tablespoon of sugar. Then, cut your strawberries into pieces and put them into a blender. Next, pour the milk into the blender. Add ice. Turn on the blender until the mixture is perfectly done. Put the sugar in, blending a few seconds more. If the strawberries are sweet enough, you may not need the sugar. Or if you’d like something more natural, honey is a great alternative. After all this, pour the smoothie into a glass. And now, it’s time to enjoy!‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ II.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分)‎ 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Ringing a Bell The teacher looked up from her yellow notebook and cleared her throat. “We’re going to be ___16___the Salvation Army by ringing the bell. Each of you will ring it for four hours,” she announced. As the words left her lips, complaints could be heard around the room. Four hours of ringing a___17___bell in winter! Four hours that I could be studying for the SATs. Was this supposed to be ajoke? I joined the crowd around the table and signed up for the first day of break—to get it over with.‎ A few weeks later, I was standing next to Walmart. There was another guy holding a jar across from me. Great, I was going to be ___18___ here ringing a bell with another guy who was trying to get donations ___19___some church organization. To top it off, it was ‎4℃‎ .‎ ‎___20___, I put on the red apron bearing the symbol of the Salvation Army. Ring! Ring! A group of older women came up with their walking sticks to drop in some change. A man came by and dropped some coins in. I ___21___ my phone. Just 10 minutes had passed.‎ A cold wind blew against my ___22___face. I started to regret ___23___ my mom’s advice about wearing a scarf. I looked up, wishing that time would pass more quickly. A few birds swept ‎ around the electrical poles…Another ring of the bell brought me back to reality.‎ From the full parking lot stepped a tall man. ___24___he limped (跛行)toward me, I saw his unbalanced shoulders and awkward figure. His hair was messy and his jeans and shirt were dirty. When his hand reached toward the bucket, I caught a disgusting smell of oil and smoke. I couldn’t help but say, “Thank you, sir. Have a nice day.” He turned to smile, a smile that sharply contrasted his soiled clothing. The money he donated was not a lot, but it was ____25____ a lot to him.‎ I was ____26____ by his generosity. This act of charity, though not much, was worth so much more than ____27____ given by those who are better off. I continued to ring my bell happily,____28____ at everyone who entered the store. Occasionally, I handed out some homemade cookies that had been given to me earlier. Truly,____29____ is contagious (有感染力的).‎ In the beginning, I thought that this assignment would be a huge burden. Actually, I was being really____30____. We should think about others and learn more about what’s going on in the world around us. Finally, I encourage everyone to take four hours to ring a bell for the Salvation Army.‎ ‎16. A. helping B. rescuing C. inspecting D. building ‎17. A. musical B. loud C. stupid D. warning ‎18. A. punished B. allowed C. left D. stuck ‎19. A. for B. through C. from D. with ‎20. A. Carefully B. Suddenly C. Slowly D. Proudly ‎21. A. checked B. cleaned C. held D. warmed ‎22. A. sweating B. freezing C. swollen D. twisted ‎23. A. ignoring B. following C. weighing D. seeking ‎24. A. Because B. Since C. As D. Although ‎25. A. normally B. particularly C. hopefully D. clearly ‎26. A. promoted B. defeated C. confused D. inspired ‎27. A. presentations B. donations C. opportunities D. rewards ‎28. A. staring B. smiling C. yelling D. pointing ‎29. A. appreciation B. sympathy C. kindness D. determination ‎30. A. generous B. sensitive C. greedy D. selfish ‎【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。老师们要求学生们去帮助救世军每天摇四小时的铃，作者很不情愿，但在参与活动过程中，他遇到了一个衣衫褴褛的人捐了一点钱，作者深受鼓舞，觉得自己很自私，应该为他人着想，更多得了解我们周围的世界。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们要敲铃来帮助救世军。A. helping帮助；B. rescuing援救；C. inspecting检查；D. building建造。故根据下文的Each of you will ring it for four hours可知学生们要帮助救世军去敲铃，选A项。‎ ‎17题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在冬天敲了四个小时的愚蠢的铃! A. musical音乐的；B. loud大声的；C. stupid愚蠢的；D. warning警告的。根据上文的As the words left her lips, complaints could be heard around the room.可知对于敲铃这件事学生们都颇有抱怨，故选C项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对面还有一个人拿着一个罐子。太好了，我要被困在这里和另一个人一起敲铃。A. punished惩罚；B. allowed允许；C. left离开；D. stuck被困住的。根据前文的“老师要求学生们每天敲四小时的铃”，可知作者认为他是被困在其中， 故选D项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我要被困在这里，和另一个想为某个教会组织募捐的家伙一起摇铃。A. for为了；B. through通过；C. from从；D. with和。根据句意可知，for some church organization意为“为一些教会组织”，故选A项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我穿上了红色围裙，上面有救世军的标志。A. Carefully仔细地；B. Suddenly突然地；C. Slowly缓慢地；D. Proudly骄傲地。根据语境可知，作者参与此项活动心中并不情愿，所以此处表示缓慢地穿上红色围裙，故选C项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看了看手机。仅仅10分钟过去了。A. checked检查，查看；B. cleaned清理；C. held举办；D. warmed 同情，激动。根据语境可知，此处表示“我”查看了一下我的手机看时间，故选A项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一阵冷风吹在我冰冷的脸上。A. sweating出汗；B. freezing冰凉；C. swollen吞咽；D. twisted扭转。根据前文的cold wind可知，在冷风下作者的脸是冰凉的，故选B项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始后悔忽视了妈妈关于戴围巾的建议。A. ignoring不理睬；B. following跟随；C. weighing称重；D. seeking寻求。根据句意可知，regret ignoring意为“后悔不理睬”，故选A项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查状语从句连词辨析。句意：当他一瘸一拐地向我走来时，我看到了他那不平衡的肩膀和笨拙的身影。A. Because因为；B. Since自从；C. As当……时；D. Although虽然。根据句意可知，as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，故选C项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他捐的钱不多，但显然对他来说很多。A. normally正常地；B. particularly尤其地；C. hopefully充满希望地；D. clearly清晰地。根据上文这个人的外貌描写来看，对于他来说这笔捐款，很显然已经很多了，故选D项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的慷慨大方使我深受鼓舞。A. promoted晋升；B. defeated打败；C. confused使困惑；D. inspired鼓舞，激励。根据语境可知，那个衣衫褴褛的人让我颇受鼓舞，故选D项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种慈善行为，虽然不多，却比那些富裕的人的捐赠有价值得多。A. presentations演讲；B. donations捐赠，贡献；C. opportunities机会；D. rewards回报。根据句意可知，故选B项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我继续愉快地摇着铃，对着每一个进店的人微笑。A. staring盯着；B. smiling微笑；C. yelling大叫；D. pointing指向。根据句意可知，smile at意为“对……微笑”，故选B项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：的确，善良是会传染的。A. appreciation欣赏；B. sympathy同情心；C. kindness善良；D. determination决心。作者被那个人的善举深受鼓舞，可见善良是会传染的，故选C项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我真的很自私。A. generous慷慨的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. greedy贪婪的；D. selfish自私的。结合文章开头可知，作者最一开始不太情愿，故选D项。‎ III.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎5 books I loved in 2018‎ By Bill Gates A great read is the perfect gift and I think everyone could use a few more books in their lives. My book list covers various topics, including an autobiography on learning throughout a life, a deep search on autonomous weapons (武器), a thriller about the fall of a once-promising company and a guide about meditation (冥想)—there’s something for everyone.‎ The Headspace Guide to Meditation and Mindfulness, by Andy Puddicombe. The book starts with Puddicombe’s personal journey from a university student to a Buddhist monk and then becomes an entertaining explainer on how to meditate. If you’re thinking about trying mindfulness, this is the perfect introduction.‎ Army of None, by Paul Scharre. It’s an extremely complicated topic, but Scharre offers clear explanations and presents both the advantages and disadvantages of machine-driven warfare. His fluency with the subject should come as no surprise: he’s an ex-soldier who helped draw up the U.S. government’s policy on autonomous weapons.‎ Bad Blood, by John Carreyrou.Carreyrou gives you the definitive insider’s look at the rise and fall of a company. I found myself unable to put it down once I started. This book has everything: magazine cover stories, ruined family relationships, and the failure of a company once valued at nearly $10 billion.‎ ‎21 Lessons for the 21st Century, by Yuval Noah Harari. I’m a big fan of everything Harari has written, and his latest is no exception. If 2018 has left you stressed out by the state of the world, 21 Lessons offers a helpful framework for processing the news and thinking about the challenges we face.‎ Educated, by Tara Westover. Tara never went to school or visited a doctor until she left home at 17. I loved this life story of a young woman whose thirst for learning was so strong that she ended up getting a Ph.D. from Cambridge University.‎ ‎31. According to Bill Gates, the book list is _____.‎ A. time-consuming B. life-changing C. wide-ranging D. easy-reading ‎32. Paul Scharre is able to clearly explain machine-driven warfare issues because _____.‎ A. he used to serve in the army B. he has outstanding writing skills C. he is good at making autonomous weapons D. he was a policy-maker in the U.S. government ‎33. Which book would most interest home-schooled children?‎ A. Educated B. Bad Blood C. 21 Lessons for the 21st Century D. The Headspace Guide to Meditation and Mindfulness ‎【答案】31. C 32. A 33. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。Bill Gates介绍了5本自己喜欢的书：冥想和正念入门指南、无人军团、坏血、21世纪的21节课、教育。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的My book list covers various topics可知，Bill Gates的书单是涵盖多种主题，故选C项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段的His fluency with the subject should come as no surprise: he’s an ex-soldier who helped draw up the U.S. government’s policy on autonomous weapons.‎ 可知保罗·沙雷能够清楚地解释机器驱动的战争问题，因为他曾在军队服役，故选A项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Educated, by Tara Westover. Tara never went to school or visited a doctor until she left home at 17. 可知在家上学的孩子最感兴趣的书是Educated，故选A项。‎ B When I grow up In kindergarten, my class was asked to draw pictures, showing what we wanted to be when we grew up. Our drawings were expected to display our dream occupations. I remember pictures of ballerinas dancing, firefighters putting out a blaze, and astronauts leaping across the moon.‎ My picture showed a figure with brown hair holding a box of orange juice beside a counter. Underneath was my handwriting: “When I grow up, I want to work at Market Basket because it would be fun to swipe (刷) orange juice across the scanner.” Out of everything, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.‎ When we are young, questions of what we want to be when we grow up are common. Yet we are not expected to respond with an answer that is likely to come true. However, when we become teens, we are asked the very same questions twice as often. The difference is, now we are supposed to answer with confidence.‎ Teens are expected to know exactly what we want to be and how we are going to achieve that goal. However, not all of us can be so sure. Even though I am in high school, I cannot answer with certainty. But I don’t consider that a bad thing. How am I supposed to know what I will want to spend my time doing at age 40?‎ When I think about the future, I definitely don’t see myself working at Market Basket, but in reality, if that was what would make me happy, I would do it. So, the next time someone asks me what I want to be when I grow up, I will simply say “happy”.‎ Happiness is a destination for everyone. We may want to walk different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. Choose your path, but don’t worry too much about choosing wisely. Make a mistake or two and try new things. But always remember, if you’re not happy, you’re not at the end of your journey yet.‎ ‎34. What did the author want to be when he was in kindergarten?‎ A. An astronaut. B. A firefighter. C. A dancer. D. A cashier.‎ ‎35. We can learn from the passage that _____.‎ A. kindergartners are able to display their dream jobs with confidence B. kindergartners have limited imagination of their dream occupations C. teenagers are supposed to be clear about what they want to be D. teenagers stick to the path they chose when they were young ‎36. The author would probably agree that _____.‎ A. the principle of growth lies in human choice B. happiness is the meaning of existence C. it is never too late to correct mistakes D. your future depends on your dreams ‎37. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. Different stages of life. B. Career guidance.‎ C. The real goal of life. D. Career paths.‎ ‎【答案】34. D 35. C 36. B 37. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在儿时想做一名收银员，但就未来讲，作者并不希望自己就真的在Market Basket工作，而是想要简单的快乐。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的When I grow up, I want to work at Market Basket because it would be fun to swipe (刷) orange juice across the scanner. 长大后，作者想在Market Basket工作，因为在扫描仪上刷橙汁会很有趣。可知当作者还在幼儿园时想成为一个收银员，故选D项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段的However, when we become teens, we are asked the very same questions twice as often. The difference is, now we are supposed to answer with confidence.作为青少年应该充满自信得回答自己想要的目标，可推断出青少年应该清楚自己想成为什么样的人，故选C项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的Happiness is a destination for everyone. We may want to walk ‎ different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. 幸福是每个人的归宿。我们可能想在生活中走不同的路，但无论走到哪里，我们都想快乐。可推知作者能够赞同幸福是存在的意义，故选B项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在儿时想做一名收银员，但就未来讲作者并不希望自己就真的在Market Basket工作，而是想要简单的快乐，故本文主要讲的是“生活中真正的目标”，故选C项。‎ C A new study suggests some language learning can take place during sleep. Researchers from Switzerland’s University of Bern say they discovered people were able to learn new language words during deep levels of sleep.‎ Much of the earlier research found that memories made when awake were strengthened during sleep. This supported the idea that information learned while awake is replayed and deeply embedded in the sleeping brain.‎ The researchers theorized that, if replay during sleep improves the storage of learned information while awake, the processing and storage of new information should also be possible during sleep.‎ They carried out experiments on a group of young German-speaking men and women, which centered on periods of deep sleep called “up-states”. They identified these slow-wave peaks as the best moments for sleep-learning.‎ The researchers observed individuals in a controlled environment during brief periods of sleep. Brain activity was recorded as pairs of words were played for the study subjects. One word in the pair was a real German word. The other was a made-up foreign word. For later identification ‎ purposes, the German words chosen were things clearly larger or smaller than a shoebox.‎ Each word pair was played four times, with the order of the words changed each time. The word pairs were played at a rhythm that is similar to actual brain activity during deep sleep. The goal was to create a lasting memory link between the false word and the German word that individuals could identify while awake.‎ When the subjects woke, they were presented with the false language words—both by sight and sound. They were then asked to guess whether the false word played during sleep represented an object smaller or larger than a shoebox. Results of the study found that a majority of subjects gave more correct answers about the sleep-learned words than would be expected if they had only guessed at random.‎ The researchers said they measured increased signals affecting a part of the brain known as the hippocampus. This brain structure is very important for building relational memory during non-sleep periods. The researchers also said memory was best for word pairs presented during slow-wave peaks during sleep.‎ The study suggests that memory formation in sleep appears to be caused by the same brain structures that support vocabulary learning while awake. The researchers say more studies are needed to support their findings. However, the experiments do provide new evidence that memories can be formed and vocabulary learning can take place in both conscious and unconscious states.‎ ‎38. The underlined word “embedded” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.‎ A. covered B. moved C. affected D. rooted ‎39. In the experiments, the word pairs were played at a rhythm to _____.‎ A. pick out the made-up words B. measure increased signals C. copy brain activity D. create a memory link ‎40. In the new study, the researchers discovered that _____.‎ A. new words can be learned during deep sleep B. word guessing ability can be improved during sleep C. information learned when awake is strengthened during sleep D. the hippocampus determines the efficiency of language learning ‎41. The passage is mainly developed by _____.‎ A. giving typical examples and data B. presenting research process and results C. making detailed comparisons and contrasts D. analyzing potential problems and solutions ‎【答案】38. D 39. D 40. A 41. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要内容是一些调查者通过呈现调查过程和结果，发现人们能够在深度睡眠中学习新的语言词汇。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第二段的This supported the idea that information learned while awake is replayed and deeply embedded in the sleeping brain.和下文的研究结果可知在清醒状态下学习的信息会被重新播放，并深深植入睡眠中的大脑。结合句意可知，embed意为“深留在脑中”，root意为“根深蒂固的”，故选D项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第六段的The goal was to create a lasting memory link between the false word and the German word that individuals could identify while awake.可知研究的目的是在错误单词和德语单词之间建立一种持久的记忆联系，让人们在醒着的时候就能辨认出来。所以单词对以一定的节奏播放，以建立记忆链接，故选D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的Researchers from Switzerland’s University of Bern say they discovered people were able to learn new language words during deep levels of sleep.可知研究者发现人们能够在深度睡眠中学习新的语言词汇。故选A项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段的Much of the earlier research found that…第三段的The researchers theorized that可知本文先阐述研究结果，第四段到第八段主要内容是实验调查的过程，故综上可知，本文是通过呈现调查过程和结果来展开的，故选B项。‎ D The view you adopt for yourself significantly affects the way you lead your life. It can determine whether you become the person you want to be and whether you achieve the things you value. How does this happen? How can a simple belief have the power to transform your ‎ psychology and, as a result, your life?‎ Believing that your qualities are carved in stone—the fixed mindset—creates an urgency to prove yourself over and over. Some of us are trained in this mindset from an early age. Even as a child, I was focused on being smart, but the fixed mindset was really stamped in by Mrs. Wilson, my sixth-grade teacher. She believed that people’s IQ scores told the whole story of who they were. We were seated around the room in IQ order, and only the highest-IQ students could be trusted to collect homework, or take a note to the principal. She was creating a mindset in which everyone in the class had one consuming goal—look smart, don’t look stupid.‎ I’ve seen so many people with this one consuming goal of proving themselves—in the classroom, in their careers, and in their relationships. Every situation calls for a confirmation of their intelligence, personality, or character. Every situation is evaluated: Will I succeed or fail? Will I look smart or stupid? Will I feel like a winner or a loser?‎ But doesn’t our society value intelligence, personality, and character? Isn’t it normal to want these qualities? Yes, but...‎ There’s another mindset, the growth mindset, which is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can develop through your efforts. Although people may differ in every which way—in their inborn talents, interests, or characters—everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience. Did you know that Darwin and Tolstoy were considered ordinary children? That the photographer Cindy Sherman, who has been on almost every list of the most important artists of the twentieth century, failed her first photography course? That Geraldine Page, one of our greatest actresses, was advised to give it up for lack of talent?‎ You can see how the belief that valuable qualities can be developed creates a passion for learning. Why waste time proving how great you are, when you could be getting better? Why hide weaknesses instead of overcoming them? And why seek out the tried and true, instead of experiences that will stretch you? The passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it, even when it’s not going well, is the feature of the growth mindset. This is the mindset that allows people to achieve success during some of the most challenging times in their lives.‎ ‎42. What is the author’s attitude toward Mrs. Wilson’s way of teaching?‎ A. Unconcerned. B. Sceptical. C. Supportive. D. Disapproving.‎ ‎43. According to Paragraph 5, the example of Darwin and Tolstoy shows that_____.‎ A. success has nothing to do with natural gifts B. achievements can be gained through hard work C. it’s difficult to predict one’s future success D. one single outcome defines our ability ‎44. The author strongly believes that we should _____.‎ A. carry out an honest evaluation of our qualities B. see success as a proof of intelligence or talent C. focus on self-development rather than self-proving D. believe good things will happen during difficult times ‎45. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.‎ A. explain the differences between two mindsets B. persuade people to adopt the right mindset C. inform people of the influence of mindset D. advise people to assess their mindset ‎【答案】42. D 43. B 44. C 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。作者首先通过反面论证来说明智力、个性、性格在生活的方方面面固然重要，但是另一种心态——成长心态——基于这样一种观念，你的基本素质是可以通过努力培养出来的。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第三段的Every situation calls for a confirmation of their intelligence, …Will I feel like a winner or a loser?以及第四段的But doesn’t our society value intelligence, personality, and character? Isn’t it normal to want these qualities? Yes, but...可知作者对这种按照智力去给学生贴上标签的教学方法是不赞同的，故选D项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段的everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience.可知作者引Darwin和Tolstoy的例子想去证明每个人都可以通过努力和经历改变和成长。故选B项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的I’ve seen so many people with this one consuming goal of proving themselves—in the classroom, in their careers, and in their relationships.以及第五段的everyone can change and grow through efforts and experience.可见作者认为智力、个性和性格是证明自己的必要手段，但是每个人都可以通过努力和经历改变和成长，故作者认为我们应该注意自我发展而不是自我证明，故选C项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的The passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it…This is the mindset that allows people to achieve success during some of the most challenging times in their lives. 即使事情进展不顺，也是成长心态的特点。这是一种心态，让人们在生活中最具挑战性的时候获得成功。由此可以推知，作者想通过本文劝说人们要采取正确心态面对生活。故选B项。‎ 第Ⅱ卷(共65分)‎ I. 选词填空(共7小题；每小题2分，共14分)‎ 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子,每个单词只能用一次。‎ accuracy, applicant, conscious,convince, doubt, embarrass,starve ‎46. No decision will be made until all the _____ have been interviewed.‎ ‎47. I’ve been trying to _____him to see a doctor.‎ ‎48. After several years in London, she could speak English with great fluency and _____.‎ ‎49. I felt _____ about how messy my room was when my aunt came to visit.‎ ‎50. A lot of plastic was found in the stomach of a whale which _____ to death in Thailand last year.‎ ‎51. I’m still _____ whether I should accept this job.‎ ‎52. From a very early age, children have been taught to _____obey the traffic rules.‎ ‎【答案】46. applicants ‎ ‎47. convince ‎ ‎48. accuracy ‎ ‎49. embarrassed ‎ ‎50. starved ‎ ‎51. doubtful ‎ ‎52. consciously ‎【解析】‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：面试完所有的申请人后，我们才会做出决定。根据空前all the可知，空处填名词复数，再结合句意可知，applicant意为“申请人”，符合题意，故填applicants。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：我一直试图说服他去看医生。根据空前to可知，空处填动词原形，再结合句意可知，convince意为“说服”，符合题意，故填convince。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：在伦敦呆了几年之后，她的英语说得既流利又准确。与fluency并列，空处填名词，再结合句意可知，accuracy意为“准确性”，符合题意，故填accuracy。‎ ‎49题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：姑妈来看我时，我感到很不好意思，因为我的房间太乱了。根据空前felt可知，空处填形容词，再结合句意可知，embarrassed意为“尴尬的”，符合题意，故填embarrassed。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：去年在泰国，人们在一头饿死的鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量塑料。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，再结合语境可知，此处用一般过去时，根据句意可知，starve意为“饿死”，符合题意，故填starved。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：我仍然怀疑我是否应该接受这份工作。根据空前am可知，空处填形容词，再结合句意可知，doubtful意为“疑惑的”，符合题意，故填doubtful。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：从很小的时候起，孩子们就被教导要自觉遵守交通规则。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词修饰obey，consciously意为“自觉地”，符合题意，故填consciously。‎ II. 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)‎ 在下列句子中的空白处填入适当内容或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎53. _____ (make)different kinds of friends, I joined an online chat group.‎ ‎54. When a plane is landing, passengers need to keep their seat belts fastened_____ it has come to a complete stop.‎ ‎55. _____(train) hard to win the spring marathon is the goal which I’m aiming for.‎ ‎56. I’ve never quite figured out _____ he can still play the piano after his serious hand injury!‎ ‎57. Because I _____(take) a power nap, I was able to deliver the important speech with a lot of energy.‎ ‎58. Many famous people sign their name in a way _____ can’t be recognized.‎ ‎59. Do you remember _____ amazing time we went hiking together in the Rocky Mountains?‎ ‎60. _____ the future holds for the field of high-speed travel is unknown to us.‎ ‎61. If one wants to get ahead in his career, he _____ go without some of the comforts of life.‎ ‎62. I _____(visit) all 50 U.S. states by my 13th birthday next month, becoming the youngest person ever to do so.‎ ‎【答案】53. To make ‎ ‎54. until 55. Training ‎ ‎56. how 57. had taken ‎ ‎58. which/that ‎ ‎59. the 60. What ‎ ‎61. must/should/has to ‎ ‎62. will have visited ‎【解析】‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了交到不同种类的朋友，我加入了一个在线聊天小组。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再根据句意可知，空处填to do表示目的，故填To make。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查从属连词。句意：飞机着陆时，乘客必须系好安全带，直到飞机完全停稳。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导状语从句，再结合句意可知，until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句，故填until。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：努力训练以赢得春季马拉松是我的目标。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词-ing做句子的主语，故填Training。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句连词。句意：他的手受了重伤，我一直不明白他怎么还能弹钢琴!分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，再结合句意可知，how引导宾语从句，意为“怎样”， 故填how。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：因为我睡了个午觉，所以我能以充沛的精力发表那个重要的演讲。分析句子结构和语境可知，空处填谓语动词，又因为take的动作发生在主句谓语动作was之前，故用过去完成时，故填had taken。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查定语从句连词。句意：许多名人以一种认不出来的方式签名。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导定语从句，又因先行词是a way，故填which/that。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：你还记得我们一起去洛矶山脉徒步旅行的美好时光吗? 分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，又因为amazing time被定语从句修饰，表示特指，故填the。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句连词。句意：高速旅行领域的未来对我们来说是未知的。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导主语从句，且在从句中holds的宾语，再结合句意可知，what引导宾语从句，意为“什么、……的东西”，故填What。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：如果一个人想在事业上出人头地，他就必须放弃一些舒适的生活。根据空后的go可知，空处可能填助动词或情态动词，再结合句意可知，此处可译为“必须、应该、不得不”故填must/should/has to。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：到下个月我13岁生日时，我将访问美国所有50个州，成为有史以来访问过美国50个州的最年轻的人。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，又根据by my 13th birthday next month可知，by+将来的时间，时态用将来完成时，故填will have visited。‎ III. 完成句子(共5小题; 第1、2题每题2分, 第3、4、5题每题3分,‎ ‎ 共13分)‎ 根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。‎ ‎63. 我不是故意伤害你的。(on purpose)‎ ‎___________________‎ ‎64. 因为没有足够时间做饭，他最终给自己定了午餐。(end up doing)‎ ‎___________________‎ ‎65. 在参加这个项目的时候，他们承诺绝不泄露实验报告。(give away)‎ ‎___________________‎ ‎66. 无论种族、文化和肤色，对运动的热爱把全世界的人们带到了一起。(regardless of)‎ ‎___________________‎ ‎67. 我提出的建议很好，但是让我失望的是，都没有被接受。(put forward)‎ ‎___________________‎ ‎【答案】63. I didn’t hurt you on purpose. ‎ ‎64. Not having enough time to cook, he ended up ordering lunch for himself. ‎ ‎65. They promised not to give away the experiment report when they joined the project. ‎ ‎66. Regardless of race, culture or color, the love of sport brings people from all over the world together. ‎ ‎67. The suggestions I put forward were great, but to my disappointment, none were accepted.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，该句用一般过去时，再结合句意可知，on purpose意为“故意地”，相当于副词修饰hurt，故译成I didn’t hurt you on purpose.‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，该句使用动词-ing形式做原因状语，再结合句意可知end up doing意为“以……告终”，order lunch意为“订午餐”，再结合语境可知，主句部分用一般过去时，故译成Not having enough time to cook, he ended up ordering lunch for himself.‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配和时间状语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句用when引导的时间状语从句，且时态是一般过去时，再结合句意可知，promise not to do意为“保证不做……”，give away 意为“泄露”，故译成They promised not to give away the experiment report when they joined the project.‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，regardless of意为“无论、不管”后加名词，在句中做状语，再根据句意可知，the love of sport意为“运动的热爱”，all over the world意为“全世界”，再结合语境可知，此句用一般现在时，故译成Regardless of race, culture or color, the love of sport brings people from all over the world together.‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查定语从句和固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，先行词是the suggestions，I put forward 是定语从句，根据语境可知，此句用一般过去时，再结合句意可知，put forward意为“提出”，to one’s disappointment意为“令某人失望的是”，故译成The suggestions I put forward were great, but to my disappointment, none were accepted.‎ IV.阅读表达(共4小题; 每小题2分, 共8分)‎ 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。‎ How do you prove you really are who you say you are? Maybe you have many ways to prove your identity: a birth certificate, a driver’s license, a Social Security card, or a passport.‎ But imagine that you are one of the one billion people in the world—most of them among the poorest—who have no official identification. No birth certificates. No official ID documents. Nothing. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems: going to school, seeing a doctor, getting a bank account...‎ For the last decade, NandanNilekani has been working to make the world’s invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification. One of India’s leading technology experts, Nandan joined the government to lead the launch of India’s national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities of the country’s more than 1.3 billion residents.This ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for “foundation”), is the world’s largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.‎ Now, Aadhaar has enrolled nearly all residents of India. With a trustworthy system to check ‎ identities of beneficiaries for everything from pensions to food moneies, the government has been able to save billions of dollars because of reduced cheating and dishonesty.‎ Of course, India’s ID system has not been without controversy. There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused. Last year, a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India found that the program did not violate the privacy rights of the country’s residents. But in order to prevent misuse of personal data, the court placed tight limits on how the ID system could be used and shared.‎ According to the latest data by the World Bank, there are one billion people in the world without an official proof of identity, including 45 percent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and 17 percent of South Asia’s population.‎ Thanks to the work Nandan is doing, the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. The sooner we can achieve this goal, the sooner the world’s poorest residents will not only be able to prove who they are, but also realize their dreams for better lives.‎ ‎68. How does India’s ID system check the identities of the residents? (不多于7个单词)‎ ‎____________________‎ ‎69. What is the function of Aadhaar as a valuable government platform? (不多于8个单词)‎ ‎____________________‎ ‎70. As for India’s ID system, what are many people concerned about? (不多于1个单词)‎ ‎____________________‎ ‎71. What is the passage mainly about? (不多于6个单词)‎ ‎____________________‎ ‎【答案】68. By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics. ‎ ‎69. Delivering social welfare programs and other government services. ‎ ‎70. Privacy. ‎ ‎71. Making the world’s invisible people visible.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的“隐形人”获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得“可见”。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段的…lead the launch of India’s national biometric ID system, which uses ‎ fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities…可知印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特征来检查居民的身份。答案不多于7个单词，故答案为By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段的iThis ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for “foundation”),is the world’s largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.可知Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台，其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。答案不多于8个单词，故答案为Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段的There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused.可知有很多隐私问题，包括批评Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具，个人数据会被滥用。所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。故答案为Privacy.‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文和第二段的NandanNilekani has been working to make the world’s invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification.以及最后一段的the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. 可知本文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的“隐形人”获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得“可见”。故可知Making the world’s invisible people visible可以概括问文章主要内容，答案不多于6个单词，故答案为Making the world’s invisible people visible.‎ V. 书面表达(20分)‎ ‎72.“High-speed railway, mobile payment, bicycle-sharing, online shopping”被认为是中国的“新四大发明”，它们给人们的生活带来了很大的变化。假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。请你向学校《英语报》投稿，选择其中一项“发明”，内容包括:‎ Which one you choose to talk about;‎ What influences it has on your life;‎ What you think of it.‎ 注意: 1. 自拟标题；‎ ‎2.词数不少于50‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】In recent years, among Chinese technological innovations, four have earned a reputation as China’s “four great new inventions”. They are high-speed railway, mobile payment, bicycle-sharing, and online shopping, which have added great convenience to daily life. As for me, I choose to talk about online shopping because I believe it has made traditional stores nearly obsolete.‎ With easier access to the Internet and wider use of mobile payment, online shopping has gained much popularity. This has caused the public to form different consumption habits, me included, of course. I seldom shop at brick-and-mortar shops now. What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery. There are various items for me to choose from. The easy access to consumer reviews helps me make informed purchases. Also, shopping online helps me save time and money. ‎ Online shopping is a phenomenon that almost everyone has experienced in his or her life; and the reality is that it will only become more popular in the future. Although there’s nothing quite like the convenience of shopping online, we should make sure our privacy and security are never at risk.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 按照题目要求，写一篇议论文。选择一项中国“新四大发明”并做简单介绍。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：整理题目要点 ‎①交代“中国新四大发明”的背景（整体的介绍）；②提出自己想要说明的对象（本文作者介绍的是网络购物）③说明网络购物对生活的影响；④并简述你对这件事的看法。‎ 第二步：准备关键词 根据关键要点，确定关键词，Chinese technological innovations中国技术改革；earn a reputation as作为……赢得赞誉；make traditional stores nearly obsolete让传统商店几乎过时；‎ brick-and-mortar shops实体店；the easy access to容易获得；privacy and security隐私和安全等。‎ 第三步：确定文章使用的时态，说明事实，应用一般现在时或现在完成时。‎ 第四步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意语法和词法的使用。‎ 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过度，使之自然通畅。根据文章要点可以将文章分为三段。‎ ‎【点睛】范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接谨慎自然，符合书信的要求，不乏亮点的表达。‎ 主语从句：What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery. ‎ 定语从句：Online shopping is a phenomenon that almost everyone has experienced in his or her life;…‎ 表语从句：the reality is that it will only become more popular in the future 固定句型：there’s nothing quite like…‎ ‎ ‎