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2020届二轮复习非谓语动词课件(52张)
2020 届二轮复习 非谓语动词 不定式作状语 不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句,不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。 1. 不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作“为了,想要”。 To be a winner , you need to give all you have and try your best. 要想成为赢家,你要付出所有并竭尽全力。 2. 不定式用于 so...as to... ; such...as to ; enough to ; too...to ; only to 等结构中作结果状语。 Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 你能不能行行好,把你的自行车借给我? He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others. 他如此愚蠢以至于人们认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人也不足为怪。 He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。 注意:“ only + to do” 表示出乎意料的结果, tell 和主语 he 之间存在动宾关系,因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 His parents died , leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了,使他成为孤儿。 1. 过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。过去分词作状语常常含有被动或完成的意思。 ( 四川卷 ) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. 因为安迪在一部新电影被分得一个重要角色,他得到了一个成名的机会。 Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20 , the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 被提醒不要错过 15∶20 的航班,经理匆忙出发去了机场。 过去分词作状语 2. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,这样的词有: lost( 迷路的 ) , seated( 坐 ) , hidden( 躲 ) , lost/absorbed in( 沉溺于 ) , dressed in( 穿着 ) , tired of( 感到厌倦 ) 等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其 v - ing 形式。 Lost in the mountains for a week , we were finally saved by the local police. 在大山里迷失了一个星期,我们最终被当地警察所救。 Absorbed in his book , he didn’t notice me enter the room. 专心读书的他没注意到我进入房间。 现在分词作状语 1. 动词的 ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的 ing 形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Being ill , he couldn’t go to school.( 原因 ) 因为生病,他不能去上学。 My car was caught in a traffic jam , thus causing the delay.( 结果 ) 我的车遇上了交通阻塞,所以延误了。 As the light turned green , I stood for a moment , not moving , and asked myself what I was going to do. ( 伴随 ) 当交通路灯变绿灯时,我站了一会儿,一动不动,自问要做什么事。 2. 现在分词有:一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式,每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加 not 构成。一般式 (doing) 表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式 (being done) 表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式 (having done) 表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作;完成被动式 (having being done) 表示发生在主句谓语动作之前的被动的动作。 Not having received a reply , he decided to write again. 没有得到答复,他决定再写信去。 The old man , having worked abroad for twenty years , came back to his motherland. 在国外工作了二十年,这位老人回到了祖国。 (“work” 与句子的主语“ The old man” 之间存在主谓关系,而且“ work” 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前 ) Having been scolded many times , he determined to study hard to catch up with others. 被多次批评之后,他决定努力学习赶上他人。 3. 有一些固定结构,如: generally speaking , taking everything into consideration , judging from/by 等,无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。 v Taking everything into consideration , we can do this task smoothly. 当我们把一切因素都考虑清楚后,就能顺利进行此项任务。 Judging from what he said , he must be an honest man. 从他说的话来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人。 4. 现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别:如果和主句的主语是意义上的主谓关系,一般用动词 ing 形式;如果是意义上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。 Seen from the top of the hill , the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。 (see 与主语 the park 之间存在动宾关系 ) Seeing from the top of the hill , we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 (see 与主语 we 之间存在主谓关系 ) 非谓语动词作定语 1. 现在分词 ( 短语 ) 作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。 ( 课标全国卷 ) The next thing he saw was smoke rising from behind the house. 他看到的下一件事是浓烟正从屋后冒出来。 2. 过去分词 ( 短语 ) 作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。 ( 湖南卷 ) The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game. (我们)期待从全国选出的运动员在这次夏季运动会中给我们带来荣誉。 3. 动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。 非谓语动词作宾补 1. 过去分词作宾语补足语时,该动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。现在分词作宾语补足语时,该动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。 I’ll have my house painted tomorrow. 明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。 ( 被动 ) When I opened the door , I found the fallen leaves covering the ground. 当我打开门时,我发现落叶覆盖着地面。 (主动) 2. 感官动词 see , watch , look at, observe , notice, hear , listen to 等及使役动词 have 后面的宾补有两种情况: ( 1 )当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时,用动词原形(即不带 to 的不定式)或现在分词 doing; 不带 to 的不定式表示动作完成,现在分词 doing 表示动作正在进行。 ( 2 )当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,用过去分词或 being done ;过去分词表示完成或没有一定的时间性, being done 表示正在进行。 I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。(主动,正在进行) I want to have my hair cut . 我打算理发。(被动,没有一定的时间性) 注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补,表示动作完成或状态。如: I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 我吃惊地发现我的家乡变化如此之大。(过去分词 changed 表示动作完成) 3.leave/keep+sb.+doing( 现在分词作宾补 ) “ 使 / 让某人一直做某事” leave/keep+sth.+done( 过去分词作宾补 ) “ 使 / 让某事被 ……” I’m sorry to have kept you waiting . 很抱歉让你一直等。 It’s wrong of you to leave the water running . 你让水一直流着是不对的。 The guests left most of the dishes untouched , because they didn’t taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动,因为它们不可口。 4.have , get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中 have , get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。 (1)have sth.done = get sth.done 使 / 让某事由别人去做 ( 叫 / 让某人做某事 ) I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得 ( 请人 ) 修一下我的自行车。 ( 陕西卷 ) Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 克莱尔在飞机离开前一小时(由安检员)把行李检查了。 have sb./sth. doing 使 / 让某人 / 某物持续地做某事 ( v -ing 形式表主动,正在进行) get sb./sth. doing 使某人 / 某物开始行动起来 Can you get the machine running ? 你能把这机器发动起来吗 ? 注意: have sb.doing 若用于否定句中,其中 have 有“容忍”之意。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。 (2) have sb.do sth. 使 / 叫 / 让某人去做某事 get sb.to do sth. 使 / 让某人做某事 Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些盐。 We tried hard, and eventually, we were able to get Mike to lend us his bike. 我们经过努力,最终使迈克把他的自行车借给我们。 注意: have sth.to do 此时意思是“有某事要做”。 I have much homework to do this evening. 今晚我有很多作业要做。 (3) 5. with+ 宾语(名词 / 代词) +doing/done/to do (1)“with+ 宾语 +doing” 表示 with 后的宾语与 do 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 With an old farmer leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village. 有一位老农领路,我们毫不费力地找到了那个村庄。 (2)“with+ 宾语 +done” 表示 with 后的宾语与 do 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 They sat together around the table, with the door shut . 他们关着门,围着桌子坐着。 (3)“with+ 宾语 +to do ” 常译成“有 …… 要做”,不定式的动作还没发生。 With much homework to do , I have no time to play with my friends. 有很多作业要做,我没有时间和朋友们玩。 6. 句型“ sb./sth.is said/believed/known/reported/considered 等 + 不定式”,如: He is said to have gone abroad.=It is said that he has gone abroad. 据说他出国了。 Columbus was considered to have discovered the great land of America. 据说哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。 Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 热被看做是一种能量。 Ⅰ. 单句填空 1.The comments the expert made concerning stock market bothered Bill greatly, ________(make) him sleepless all night. 【 解析 】 句意:专家关于股市的评论让比尔整夜无眠。现在分词作结果状语,表自然的结果。 【 答案 】1.making 2.Scientists have created the world’s smallest “snowman”, ________(measure) about a fifth of the width of a human hair. 【 解析 】 句意:科学家建造了世界上最小的“雪人” , 它大约是人类头发五分之一的宽度。现在分词作定语,相当于一个主动语态的定语从句,意即: which measures… 。 【 答案 】2.measuring 3.According to a survey ________ (conduct) recently in Shanghai, the city is facing a workforce shortage of 150,000 personnel. 【 解析 】 句意:根据最近在上海所开展的一项调查 , 该城市正面临 150 000 人劳动力短缺。过去分词作定语,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句,意即: which was conducted… 。 【 答案 】3.conducted 4.All along the way to the tourist destination , he would sometimes slow down the car ________ (make) sure if we were going the right way. 【 解析 】 句意:在前往旅游目的地的路上 , 他有时会减速以确保我们所走的路是正确的。不定式用来作目的状语。 【 答案 】4.to make 5.At the entrance of the hall hangs a picture of an elegant and graceful old woman , ________ (seat) smiling at everyone passing her. 【 解析 】 句意:大厅入口处挂着一幅画像,一位优雅的老妇人坐在那里对每个经过她的人微笑着。 seat 用作动词时是及物动词,只可用过去分词形式,表示“就坐的状态”。 【 答案 】5.seated 6. _________________(import) from other countries, sand painting is now being recognized in China for its uniqueness and creativity. 【 解析 】 句意:沙画从别的国家引入中国之后 , 因为它的独一无二和创造性而被大家逐渐所认识。现在分词作状语,因为是被引进的,故应用被动形式。 【 答案 】6.Being imported/Having been imported 7.Earth is believed to ________ (hit) by an object the size of Mars at some point in the distant past before its surface cooled. 【 解析 】 句意:人们认为地球在遥远的过去,其表面冷却之前某一时刻,曾经受到火星大小的物体的袭击。 hit 这个动作发生在谓语 is believed 之前,因此应用不定式的完成时;因为是被袭击,应用被动形式。 【 答案 】7.have been hit 8.Do you expect there ________ (be) a possibility that we shall be able to afford the furniture we need ? 【 解析 】 句意:你觉得我们有可能买得起我们所需要的家具吗 ? expect 后只可用不定式作宾语,不可用动词的 ing 形式,本句是 there be 句型的变体形式。 【 答案 】8.to be 9.China is known ________ (change) greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years. 【 解析 】 句意:众所周知,中国在过去的几年里在文化价值观方面发生了很大的变化。不定式的完成时表示不定式的动作在谓语动作 (is known) 之前发生。 【 答案 】9.to have changed 10.Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ________ (be) avoided. 【 解析 】 句意:如果食物短缺的问题要得到避免,必须做出巨大的努力来增加农业生产。“ be+to do” 结构可用来表示“想要做 ……/ 根据计划,安排做 ……”; 又因为是在 if 引导的条件状语从句里,所以用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 【 答案 】10.is to be 11.I am expecting ________ (inform) of every interesting thing you have heard of. 【 解析 】 句意:我期待被告知任何你听到的有趣的事情。 expect to do sth. 期待做某事。 【 答案 】11.to be informed 12.If you are free, I would like you ________ (stay) over the weekend with me. 【 解析 】 句意:如果你有空,我想让你和我一起过周末。 would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想让某人做某事”。 【 答案 】12.to stay 13.Keep your legs ________ (cross) for five minutes to strengthen the muscle. 【 解析 】 句意:保持双腿交叉五分钟来强化肌肉。 cross ones legs 意为“交叉双腿”。 【 答案 】13.crossed 14.Young people may risk ________ (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 【 解析 】 句意:年轻人如果每天接触高分贝的音乐,将面临失聪的风险。 risk doing sth. 意为“冒着 …… 的风险”。 【 答案 】14.going 15.I think it essential ________ (reserve) air tickets; otherwise we might not be able to catch the right plane. 【 解析 】 句意:我认为有必要预订飞机票 , 否则我们可能搭不上那趟合适的飞机。 it 在此处做形式宾语,不定式 to reserve air tickets 为真正的宾语。 【 答案 】15.to reserve 16.The purpose of the meeting is ________ (select) a new captain, since John has retired last month. 【 解析 】 句意:这次会议的目的是选举一位新的队长,因为约翰已经在上月退休了。不定式 to select a new captain 在此处做表语。 【 答案 】16. to select 17.Mary suggested ________ (give) up the project due to the lack of money and time. 【 解析 】 句意:由于缺乏资金和时间,玛丽建议放弃这个项目。 suggest doing sth. 意为“建议做某事”。 【 答案 】17.giving 18.The teacher said to me seriously: “your assignment is ________ (hand) in tomorrow.” 【 解析 】 句意:老师严厉地对我说:“你的作业明天一定要交。” 不定式此处表示命令。 【 答案 】18.to be handed 19.I really appreciate ________ (give) this opportunity and I wont let you down. 【 解析 】 句意:我很感激被给予了这次机会,我不会让你们失望的。 appreciate doing sth. 意为“对某事表示感激”。 【 答案 】19.being given 20.It is no use ________ (regret) the mistakes you have already made in the final exam. 【 解析 】 句意:后悔你在期末考试中所犯的错误是没用的。 It is no use doing sth. 意为“做某事没有用处”。 【 答案 】20.regretting 21.He was the first guest _________(arrive) at the meeting held in honor of the soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the peace of the world. 【 解析 】 句意:他是第一个出席这场会议的,这次会议是为了纪念那些为了世界和平牺牲自己生命的士兵们。当中心词为序数词、最高级, the last, the only 等或中心词被这类词修饰时,多用不定式做定语。 【 答案 】21.to arrive 22.It is well acknowledged that Maria is a pleasant person _________ (work) with. 【 解析 】 句意:众所周知,与玛利亚共事很愉快。不定式作定语。 【 答案 】22.to work 23.She raised her voice so as _________ (make) herself heard in the noisy meeting. 【 解析 】 句意:她提高嗓音使自己在这个吵闹的会议中能被听到。 so as to do sth. 意为“目的是 ……” 。 【 答案 】23.to make 24. _________(struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is. 【 解析 】 句意:在与抑郁、饮食失调和酗酒斗争多年后 , 现在他终于明白健康是多么的重要。分词作状语时,如果句中有延续性的时间状语,应用现在分词的完成时。 【 答案 】24.Having struggled 25.The mother was happy to see that her child was old enough _________ (dress) himself now. 【 解析 】 句意:这位母亲很高兴看到自己的孩子现在已经足够大,可以给自己穿衣服了。 adj.+enough+to do 意为“足够 …… 可以做 ……” 。 【 答案 】25.to dress 26.It is selfish of him _________ (do) nothing for the poor families headed by children. 【 解析 】 句意:他很自私,没有给那些小孩当家的贫困家庭做任何事情。不定式作真正的主语。 【 答案 】26. to do 27.Residents are advised not _________ (put) their rubbish bags on the pavement outside their houses. 【 解析 】 句意:居民们被建议不要把垃圾袋扔在房子外面的人行道上。 advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”。 【 答案 】27. to put 28.The airport _________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 【 解析 】 句意:明年将完工的飞机场将会促进该地区的旅游业。此处不定式做后置定语表示动作将要发生。 【 答案 】28.to be completed 29.Greatly _________ (encourage), we made up our mind to carry on the hard work. 【 解析 】 句意:受到极大的鼓励,我们下定决心继续这项艰难的工作。此处的过去分词作伴随状语。 【 答案 】29.encouraged 30.I happened _________ (watch) TV when she called, and thats why I missed her call. 【 解析 】 句意:当她打电话的时候,我正在看电视,这就是为什么我错过了她的电话。 happen to do sth. 意为“碰巧做某事”。 【 答案 】30.to be watching Ⅱ. 单句改错 1.Knowing office rules—whether being written or not—is important, especially for young job seekers. 【 解析 】 句意:了解办公室规则 —— 不管书面与否,都是很重要的 , 特别是对于年轻的求职者。 whether 是连词,其后应跟一个句子,也可跟一个省略句, whether written or not 相当于 whether they are written or not 。 【 答案 】1.being written 2.Sounded reasonable, the idea he came up with to create a friendly environment attracted much public attention. 【 解析 】 句意:他所想出的创造一个友好环境的想法听起来合理 , 吸引了公众的注意。注意本句主语 the idea 后跟了两个定语,一是 (which) he came up with; 二是 to create a friendly environment ,句子的谓语是 attracted 。 sound 是联系动词,不可用于被动语态,同样不可用过去分词形式作状语。因为过去分词有被动的意思,即:被听起来,显然不合适。 【 答案 】2.Sounded→Sounding 3.I’m sorry, but I didn’t see how we can get all this work you assigned doing by next Tuesday. 【 解析 】 句意:对不起 , 我没明白我们怎样可以在下周二前完成所有您布置的这项工作。过去动词作宾语补足语,与宾语之间的关系是被动的。 【 答案 】3.doing→done 4.—Smoking in the workplace is becoming less and less acceptable. —Yes, and that makes more people begin to consider quit the habit. 【 解析 】 句意: —— 在工作场所吸烟已经越来越不能被接受。 —— 是的 , 这使得更多的人开始考虑改掉这个习惯。动词 consider 如果意为“考虑”时,其后跟 v.ing 作宾语;如果意为“认为”时,其后常用不定式作宾补。 【 答案 】4.quit→quitting 5.The murderer ran away, trying to escape caught by the police, but in vain. 【 解析 】 句意:凶手试图逃脱被警察抓住而逃跑,但这是徒劳的。动词 escape 后应跟 v.ing 形式作宾语,因为是被抓,故用被动形式。 【 答案 】5.escape ∧ caught being 6.The King is said to have been encouraged by the spider woven its web in the cave where he was hiding and defeated his enemy at last. 【 解析 】 句意:据说国王是受到他所藏身的洞穴里的蜘蛛织网行为的鼓励 , 最终打败了他的敌人。现在分词作定语,相当于一个主动语态的定语从句,即: which was weaving… 。 【 答案 】6.woven→weaving 7.Made full preparations, Tony was quite confident about the coming interview. 【 解析 】 句意:因为作了充分的准备 , 托尼对即将到来的面试很有信心。现在分词作原因状语,因其发生在前,故用分词的完成时。如果只用过去分词 made 作状语,有被动之意。 【 答案 】7. ∧made full Having 8.With more and more tourists invading, lots of places of interest require to be repairing. 【 解析 】 句意:随着越来越多的游客涌入 , 很多名胜需要维修了。 require 后跟 doing 相当于 to be done, 即:动名词的主动等于不定式的被动。 【 答案 】8.repairing→repaired 9.A volunteer is a person willing to help others, one who offers to do something without paid. 【 解析 】 句意:志愿者是一个愿意帮助别人 , 一个愿意主动做某事而不要报酬的人。 without 是介词,其后不可直接跟过去分词,应跟 v.-ing 形式。 【 答案 】9. ∧ paid being 10.Lost your temper with the client was a very expensive mistake: we have lost the contract which is very important to us. 【 解析 】 句意:对客户发脾气是一个非常昂贵的错误 : 我们失去了合同 , 而这份合同对我们是非常重要的。句中 was 是谓语动词,其前应是动名词短语作主语;因为表达的是一个曾经发生的事,宜用动名词而不是动词不定式。 【 答案 】10.Lost→Losing 11.She is said to come home last week but her husband denied it. 【 解析 】come 动作已经发生,所以用不定式的完成时态。 【 答案 】11.to ∧ come have 12.The children pretended be reading aloud when the teacher came in. 【 解析 】pretend to do sth. 意为“假装做某事” 【 答案 】12.pretended∧ to 13.Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 【 解析 】 动名词在此处做主语。 【 答案 】 13.Know→Knowing 14.With everything turning upside down, the room seems to have been broken into. 【 解析 】 everything 与 turn 是被动关系,所以用过去分词。 【 答案 】14.turning→turned 15.She asks to be treating equally after finding out she was paid far less than her male colleagues. 【 解析 】 她要求被公平对待,所以用过去分词,表被动。 【 答案 】15.treating→treated 16.The telephone is considered to have invented by Bell. 【 解析 】 电话被认为是由贝尔发明的,用被动语态。 【 答案 】16. have ∧ invented been 17.We are talking about how to be overcome the present difficulties. 【 解析 】 we 与 overcome 是主动关系,所以用主动语态。 【 答案 】17.how to be overcome 18.With lots of important matters to attend, I have no time to go to your birthday party now. 【 解析 】 不定式做补语时,要注意不及物动词后的介词不能省。 【 答案 】18.attend∧ to 19.Judged from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 【 解析 】 该处 judging 为悬垂分词,不需考虑与主句主语的关系。 【 答案 】19.Judged→Judging 20.When we saw the road blocking with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 【 解析 】 路被雪堵住了,所以用被动语态。 【 答案 】20.blocking→blocked 21.The stories of rescuing trapped strangers in the earthquake highlight the huge efforts having made by residents themselves, as well as aid workers from around the world. 【 解析 】 句意:营救被困在地震中的陌生人的事迹突显了由居民自己以及来自世界各地的救援人员所做出的巨大努力。现在分词的完成时不可以作定语,可用现在分词的一般时表示正在做出的努力 , 或过去分词表示已做出的努力。 【 答案 】21.having→being/having 22.She insisted on give up the plan of building a primary school in the remote area. 【 解析 】 insist on doing sth. 意为“坚持做某事”。 【 答案 】22.give→giving 23.With the help of a walk stick, the old lady finally managed to get there. 【 解析 】 表示事物的性质和功能多用动名词做定语。 【 答案 】23.walk→walking 24.The question being discussing is of great importance to the whole country. 【 解析 】 问题被讨论,所以用被动语态。 【 答案 】24.discussing→discussed 25.It hasn’t rained for a month, makes the crops hard to grow. 【 解析 】 以 v.-ing 形式作结果状语。 【 答案 】25.makes→making 26.I actually heard him locked the door before he left the house. 【 解析 】 hear sb. do sth. 意为“听到某人做了某事”; hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人正在做某事”。 【 答案 】26. locked→lock/locking 27.Entering the classroom, the teacher found that all the students were seating quite well. 【 解析 】 seat 用作动词时 , 是及物的,所以用过去分词表状态。 【 答案 】27.seating→seated 28.Why not to join us in the game and have some nice relaxation? 【 解析 】 why not do sth. 表提议做某事。 【 答案 】28.not to join 29.You can’t expect me to do the housework as well as to read so many books. 【 解析 】 as well as 连接两个不定式时,第二个不定式的 to 要省去。 【 答案 】29.as well as to read 30.Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixing upon it. 【 解析 】 此句考查的是 fix one’s attention upon sth. 结构 , 所以此处用过去分词表示被动。 【 答案 】30.fixing→fixed查看更多