【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句考点学案（13页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句考点学案（13页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句考点学案 ‎——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·天津高考改编) She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编) I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.‎ ‎3．(2017·天津高考改编) I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ ‎4．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，用连接词引导。连接词有that, whether和if。‎ ‎1．that: that 连接名词性从句，只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。在宾语从句中可以省略。‎ The teacher informed us (that) we would have a test the next day. ‎ 老师告知我们第二天进行测试。‎ ‎2．if 和whether：有“是否”的含义，表示一般疑问。主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether不能用if。if 和whether也不在从句中作成分，只起连接作用。‎ The trouble is whether he can come on time. ‎ 麻烦是他是否能按时来。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：‎ ‎(1)引导主语从句并在句首时；‎ ‎(2)引导表语从句时；‎ ‎(3)引导从句作介词宾语时；‎ ‎(4)从句后有“or not”时；‎ ‎(5)后接动词不定式时。‎ ‎2．that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：‎ ‎(1)it＋be＋形容词(如： obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, evident, clear, apparent等)＋that从句。‎ ‎(2)it＋be＋名词(如： no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋that从句。‎ ‎(3)it＋be＋过去分词(如： said, reported, thought, estimated, expected, decided, announced, arranged, recognized等)＋that从句。‎ 类似句型还有：It cannot be denied that ... /It must be admitted that ...‎ ‎(4)it＋动词(如：seem, appear, happen, occur to sb., doesn't matter, make no difference等)＋that从句。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.‎ ‎2．It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.‎ ‎3．It happened to me that I had been away when he called.‎ ‎4．I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the gettogether.‎ ‎5．We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.‎ ‎6．I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.‎ 连接代词引导的名词性从句 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编) What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is ‎ not black and white anymore.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编) What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编) He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. ‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ改编) The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.‎ ‎5．(2017·江苏高考改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to D|S20, half of what it used to charge.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。‎ What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. ‎ 影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。‎ What worries us most is who let out the secret.‎ 最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.‎ ‎2．I'd like to start my own business — that's what I'd do if I had the money.‎ ‎3．(2018·河北唐山一次调研)I asked him what his father has done so that he became such a good man.‎ ‎4．(2018·山东烟台一模)What began as a small activity has taken the shape of an inspiring institution of international standards.‎ ‎5．(2018·山东泰安期中)Students can chose what/whatever they want to ‎ do and register online.‎ 连接副词引导的名词性从句 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编) It's important that you let them know when you'll be available.‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考改编) Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ改编) Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ改编) When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how_fast time flies.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 连接副词when, where, why, how 这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式。‎ He didn't tell me when we would meet again.‎ 他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。‎ Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.‎ 去把大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。‎ I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. ‎ 我不知道怎么能到火车站。‎ That's why I want you to work there. ‎ 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·山东师大附中模拟)My first task was to decide where to go and how to get there.‎ ‎2．The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short ‎ time.‎ ‎3．She asked a question why there was a delay.‎ ‎4．(2018·辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)That's why it is good to eat fruits and vegetables.‎ whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however的用法 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考改编) Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ ‎2．(2016·北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ改编) It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever_it is, make sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 它们的作用等同于who, what, which, where, when, how, 但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用no matter＋who/what ...代替。‎ ‎1．引导主语从句。‎ Whoever did this job must be rewarded.‎ 无论谁做的这项工作都肯定会被奖励。‎ ‎2．引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。‎ I'll give you however much money you need.‎ 不论你需要多少钱我都给你。‎ ‎3．引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。‎ She will give whoever needs help a hand.‎ 她将给任何需要帮助的人提供帮助。‎ ‎4．引导介词的宾语从句。‎ You can write about whatever topic you prefer.‎ 你可以写你喜欢的任何话题。‎ ‎5．引导宾语从句，充当宾语补足语。‎ We'll make him whatever he is fit for.‎ 他适合什么我们就让他做什么。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎“no matter＋疑问词” 包括no matter who, no matter what, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how；它们的意义跟前面对应的“疑问词ever”相同，但它们只能用来引导状语从句。‎ Whoever/No matter who comes, you will say I am out.‎ 不管谁来，你就说我不在家。‎ However/No matter how tired he was, he went on working. ‎ 无论他多么累，他都继续工作。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．Whoever left the door unlocked must be responsible for the accident.‎ ‎2．As many as seven courses are provided, and they are free to choose whichever suits them best.‎ ‎3．Whichever books she likes will be given to her as long as she helps clean the bookshelf. ‎ ‎4．Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. ‎ ‎1．宾语从句 ‎(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle ‎ work on most days.‎ 解析：how　“how thick the adobe walls needed to be”是宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。how修饰形容词thick。‎ ‎2．主语从句 ‎(2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ 解析：that　此句为主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，故使用that引导。‎ ‎3．表语从句 ‎①(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ 解析：that　根据句子结构可知，本句是表语从句，且表语从句中主系表结构完整，故使用连词that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。‎ ‎②(2015·安徽高考改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.‎ 解析：what　空格后的句子是表语从句，表语从句中for缺少宾语，故用what。‎ ‎4．同位语从句 ‎①(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ 解析：that　空格后面是建议的具体内容，从句不缺成分，故填that。‎ ‎②(2014·重庆高考改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.‎ 解析：why　根据后面的“that's one of his favorite universities”可知这里指原因，故用why引导。‎ ‎1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用 示例 ‎(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 答案：where→that或去掉where 点拨 从属连词有that/whether/if等，连接副词有when, where等。从属连词不作成分，而连接副词作状语。‎ ‎2．连接代词(what, which和who等)之间的错用 示例 ‎(2013·辽宁高考)That is which other teachers say. 答案：which→what 点拨 引导名词性从句且在从句中作主语或宾语时应用what(什么)；which(哪一个)；who(谁)等，注意它们之间意义的差别。‎ ‎3．that与what之间的错用 示例 ‎(2018·银川二中一模)For one thing, that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country. 答案：that→what 点拨 what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that本身没有意义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。‎ ‎4．从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用 示例 ‎(2018·山东师大附中模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life. 答案：whether→that 点拨 that不作成分，没有实际意义；whether/if也不作成分但有实际意义，有“是否”之意。‎ ‎5．从属连词that的缺失 示例 ‎(2018·遵义航天高级中学模拟)And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your ‎ direction all the time. 答案：belief后加that 点拨 that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不能省略，引导宾语从句时可以省略。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ ‎1．掌握好引导词that的省略与不省略。 ‎ 他的成功是因为他为比赛做了充分的准备。‎ His success lies in the fact that he was well prepared for the match.‎ ‎2．what从句在写作中非常有用，叫不出名字的事物都可用这个句式来表达。 ‎ 近几年，我们的学校发生了很大的变化，已不再是过去的样子了。‎ In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school and it is no longer what it used to be.‎ ‎3．用好whatever, however等引导的名词性从句和让步状语从句。 ‎ 我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们的环境。‎ We must do whatever it takes to protect our environment. ‎ ‎[巧用增分]‎ ‎①我反对这个工程的原因是，它花费太多的钱，而这些钱应当用来提高当地人们的生活水平。(be against, project, the reason why ...is that, to improve the lives of the local people)‎ The_reason_why_I_am_against_the_project_is_that_it_will_cost_too_much_money,_which_should_be_used_to_improve_the_lives_of_local_people.‎ ‎②如果我们想成功，我们应当相信我们做的事情，相信我们自己。(succeed, believe in what we do, who we are)‎ We_should_believe_in_what_we_do_and_who_we_are_if_we_are_to_succeed.‎ ‎③无论谁想成功，都必须尽最大努力。(whoever, succeed, do one's best)‎ Whoever_wants_to_succeed_must_do_his/her_best.‎ ‎[题点对点练] ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·福建龙岩五校期中考试)Therefore, it is advisable_that you should value and treat them with care.‎ ‎2．(2018·安徽黄山模拟)While visiting Hangzhou's West Lake and its surrounding beautiful hills, you'll understand why it's been a great source of inspiration for artists, poets and philosophers throughout Chinese history.‎ ‎3．I hate it when somebody is talking to me with his eyes fixed upon somebody else.‎ ‎4．It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.‎ ‎5．Anyone with the least common sense knows our environment should be taken good care of and_that_we should recycle rubbish.‎ ‎6．At the end of the adventure, we had to choose to live in a cave. That's where we could shelter from the snowstorm.‎ ‎7．Having a positive attitude and making full use of the benefits that the new sort of competition brings to us are what really counts.‎ ‎8．The key to becoming happy is how you treat your life and work.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.if→whether ‎2．We're all pleased what we have once again overcome the difficulty.what→that ‎3．We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.consider后加it ‎4．My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.is后加that ‎5．His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to ‎ the disabled turned out a lie.which→that ‎6．We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.whom→who Ⅲ.单句写作 ‎ ‎1．使我们这个学校特别的是，她的大多数毕业生都被名校录取了。(make ...special, graduate, be admitted to, famous colleges)‎ What_makes_our_school_special_is_that_most_of_its_graduates_are_admitted_to_famous_colleges.‎ ‎2．令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。(delighted, perform, the table tennis tournament)‎ What_delighted_the_fans/made_the_fans_delighted_was_that_the_young_player_performed_extremely_well_in_the_table_tennis_tournament._‎ ‎3．如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever, learning method, learning efficiency)‎ If_you_can_find_whatever_learning_method_(that)_suits_you,_your_learning_efficiency_is_likely_to_improve_remarkably.‎ ‎[题型综合练] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎ After being upset at opportunities in the UK, I left the UK for another country and discovered that understanding an __1__ (entire) new culture taught me a lot about how to get ahead.‎ My life overseas began after reading an email about a government programme __2__ the aim of getting young people over to that country. I __3__ (consider) no international work experience before, but, realizing that this was an opportunity not to be missed, I boarded a plane to the country.‎ The main reason for people to go on such a voyage is to develop __4__ better understanding of a different culture. The key to __5__ (get) ahead in this country is to get connected with other people, which determines ‎ how business __6__ (do) and how you succeed.‎ Living abroad isn't as easy as I thought. Each day will present you with a new challenge __7__ (overcome). But it will wholly disappear with days when your taxi driver finally understands __8__ you need to go without you acting it out, days when you discover __9__ (taste) dishes cost only a small part of a Happy Meal, and days when the people you'll remember forever or just for two weeks leave a lasting __10__ (impress) on your life.‎ ‎1．entirely　句意：我发现，了解一种全新的文化教给我很多关于如何获得成功的知识。本空应用副词entirely“完全地，彻底地”修饰形容词new。‎ ‎2．with　with the aim of表示“带着……的目的”，为习惯搭配，故此处应填with。‎ ‎3．had considered　副词before“以前”一般与完成时连用，由but后面的分句所用的一般过去时可知，此处要用过去完成时。‎ ‎4．a　develop a better understanding of“对……有更好的理解”，为习惯用法，故填a。‎ ‎5．getting　key作名词，意为“关键，要诀”时，常与介词to搭配，故本空要填动名词getting。‎ ‎6．is done　句意：它决定了做生意的方式以及你的成功之道。do与business之间是被动关系，且此处是在说明一种客观情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎7．to be overcome　空格处作后置定语修饰challenge，根据语境可知非谓语动作还未发生，因此用不定式作后置定语，且overcome“克服”与challenge之间是被动关系，故用to be done的形式。‎ ‎8．where　句意：当你的出租车司机终于在你不用手比划的情况下就明白你需要去哪里时。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“哪里”，故填where。‎ ‎9．tasty　空格处修饰名词dishes，故填形容词tasty“美味的”。‎ ‎10．impression　leave a ... impression on ‎ ...表示“给……留下……的印象”，空格处要填名词impression。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Some of us is having problems with our parents, as they often look for our schoolbags. I fully understand when we are not comfortable about it, but there's no need to feel too sadly. Our parents check our bags to make it sure we're not getting into trouble. They had probably heard some horrible stories about other kid and think we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. I suggest that we telling them we want them to trust us as much we'd like to trust them.‎ 答案：第一句：is→are; for→into 第二句：when→why; sadly→sad 第三句：去掉it 第四句：had→have; kid→kids 第五句：and→but 第六句：telling→tell; much后加as