【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错中固定搭配的考查探究学案（15页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错中固定搭配的考查探究学案（15页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文改错中固定搭配的考查探究 不论是语法填空，还是短文改错，都常常考查固定搭配。如果考生熟练掌握好固定搭配，这类考点，可以在句，甚至是词的层面就可以轻易解决。但事实上，即便是优秀考生，有时也会失分。据他们说，主要是固定搭配涉及面广，种类多，易混淆，运用起来张冠李戴。基于此，为了帮助考生提高语法填空和短文改错固定搭配方面的得分率，笔者结合自己多年的高三教学经验，特意对全国卷该部分的常见考法及高频考点归类整理如下。‎ 一、考生须熟记以下常考的固定搭配 ‎1.冠词的固定搭配。‎ 全国卷英语高考对冠词的考查，并非仅仅局限于区分“特指”和“泛指”那般简单，在固定搭配中考查冠词也是很常态的考法。以下冠词的固定搭配就是高频考点：‎ 含不定冠词的固定词组：‎ in a mess 乱七八糟 in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 in a …condition 处于……状态 have a gift for 在……有天赋 at a loss 不知所措 all of a sudden 突然 once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 从前 go on a diet 节食 keep a diary 写日记 do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙 ‎ give sb. a lift 给某人提供顺风车 as a result 结果 keep an eye on 照看 have a word with 和某人谈话 a waste of 浪费 at an end 接近尾声 a series of 一系列 含定冠词的固定词组：‎ make the most / best of 充分利用 on the spot / scene 在现场 at the moment 此时此刻 take the place of 取代；替代 in the daytime 在白天 in the distance 在远方 in the end 最终 on the whole 总体上 on the left / right 在左/右边 at the same time 同时 in the air / sky 在空中 for the time being 暂时 in a word 总之 in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代 all over the world 全世界 in the beginning 起初 by the way 顺便说一下 必须注意的是，有了短文改错作为载体，与零冠词有关的一些固定搭配，也开始“大行其道”，成为考查对象。如：‎ at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at dawn 在黎明 at dusk 在黄昏 in public 当众 by bus 坐公共汽车 make great progress 取得很大的进步 ‎2.介词的固定搭配。‎ 全国卷英语高考对介词的考查，主要是“形容词+介词”和“介词+名词”这两种搭配。但在语法填空或短文改错中，譬如apart from和according to这类词组，往往也会被考查，故考生们千万不可掉以轻心。由于介词种类繁多，且不同的介词又有不同的搭配，因此不少考生都感到介词短语的记忆比较散乱，难记易忘。鉴于此，笔者建议考生最好把同一个介词的相关搭配放在一起记忆。拿with为例，如下：‎ be angry with sb.  因某事而生某人的气       ‎ be filled with    装满；充满 be strict with sb.   在……对某人严格          ‎ be crowded with  拥挤 be connected with  连接                                ‎ be flooded with   充斥；涌入 be familiar with  对……熟悉/ 不熟悉        ‎ be compared with  比较 be popular with  流行；受欢迎                   ‎ be covered with   覆盖 be patient with  对……有耐心               ‎ be faced with   面临 be frank with   对……坦白                          ‎ be concerned with 关于 be busy / occupied with 忙于      ‎ be infected with  感染  ‎ be pleased / satisfied / content with  对……满意     ‎ be fed up with        厌倦 ‎ 如此一来，记忆起来就不容易遗漏，而且能起到举一反三的连锁反应。‎ ‎3.连词的固定搭配。‎ 高考除了对连词的常规用法进行考查外，有时也会考查固定搭配。以下是连词常用的固定搭配：‎ either… or… 要么……要么……‎ neither…nor… 既不……也不……‎ whether…or… 是/不论……还是……‎ not only…, but (also)… 不但……而且……‎ when it comes to… 当涉及到……‎ was / were doing sth. when… 正在做某事，突然……‎ be about to do sth. when… 正要做某事，突然……‎ be on the point of doing sth. when… 正要/即将做某事，突然……‎ There was a time when… 有一段时间；曾经 ‎4.代词的固定搭配。‎ 全国卷英语高考对代词的考查也是五花八门，细致入微。以下列举一些考生容易失分的关于代词的固定搭配：‎ take it for granted that… 认为……理所当然 make it a rule that…    把……作为规定 make it clear that…     声明 make it +adj. for sb. to do sth. 令得某人做某事很……‎ find / think / consider it+adj. to do sth. 发觉/认为做某事很……‎ make oneself +过去分词  使自己被……‎ ‎5.动词的固定搭配 命题者也常常在短文改错中用以下的方式考查考生：‎ 少一副词：不及物动词后+宾语  (如：belong to sb.写成belong sb.)‎ 多一副词：及物动词+介词+宾语 (如：visit sb.写成visit to sb.)‎ 张冠李戴：用错动词或副词 (如：把put out误用作put off，turn on用成了take on等)‎ ‎6.非谓语的固定搭配。‎ 为也应对语法填空，考生除了掌握最基础的非谓语语法知识外，也不可忽略特殊搭配的积累。如：‎ judging from / by 由……判断 generally speaking 笼统来讲 all things considered 全盘考虑；整体看来 be worth doing 值得做某事 only to see/ find/ discover 结果却看见/发现 to tell you the truth 实话实说 to make things worse 更糟糕的是 weather permitting 天气允许的话 ‎7.名词为复数形式的固定搭配。‎ 考生们在做语法填空时，凡涉及到固定搭配中的名词时，要注意其单复数形式；同理，命题者极有可能在短文改错中也会将其设为考点。常见的固定搭配有：‎ shake hands with  和……握手 make friends with 与……交朋友 make preparations for 为……做准备 be in high / low spirits 情绪高涨/低落 to make things / matters worse  更糟糕的是 be as follows  如下                ‎ have effects on / have an effect on    对……有影响 make efforts to do /  make an effort to do  努力做某事 make contributions to / make acontribution to 为……做贡献 ‎8.固定的特殊句型。‎ There is no denying that… 毋庸置疑 There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事 There is no point in doing sth 做某事没有意义 It is no use / good doing sth. 做某事没用/不好 It is / was…that / who…  正是……‎ It was not long before…  很快……‎ It’s (high) time that sb. did sth 该是某人做某事的时候了 It is / was the+序数词+time that sb. has / had done sth.  某人第……次做某事 ‎9.易混的词或词组。‎ before (用完成时态) / ago (用过去时态)‎ because (接句子) / because of (接名词/词组)‎ have been to (到过) / have gone to (去了)‎ ten years ago (用一般过去时) / since ten years ago (用现在完成时)‎ long before (很久以前) / before long (不久之后)‎ make sense of (理解) / make sense (有意义，说得通)‎ take advantage of (利用) / take advantage over (比……有优势)‎ be tired of (对……厌倦) / be tired from(因……而疲惫)‎ pay in cash(用现金支付) / pay by check(用支票支付)‎ in 1990 (在1990年) / in the 1990s（在二十世纪九十年代）‎ in the morning (在早上) / on the morning of last  Monday(上周一早上)‎ in summer (在夏天) / in the summer of 1997(在1997年夏天)‎ in the past(在过去，用于一般过去时态) / in the past few years (在最近几年，用于现在完成时态)‎ with time going by = as time goes by (随着时间的推移，with是介词，而as是连词)‎ in charge of (负责……)/ in the charge of (由……负责)‎ at table(在吃饭) / at the table (在桌子旁边)‎ at a time(一次) /  at onetime (曾经，同时) / at the time(当时；那时)‎ a number of (许多) / the number of(……的数目)‎ a most + adj. (一个非常……的) / the most +adj. (最……的)‎ a second time (又一次) / the second time (第二次)‎ take place (发生) / take the place of (取代；替代)‎ charge sb. with sth.(因某事指控某人) / charge sb. for sth. (因某事收费)‎ be proud of = take pride in (引以为豪)‎ be confident of = have confidence in (对……有信心)‎ 二、高考真题分析 ‎1.  语法填空  在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式。‎ ‎(1)________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. (2015 课标卷 II)‎ 解析:  At  考查固定搭配at the same time“同时”。‎ ‎(2) It took years of work  ________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014 课标卷 I)‎ 解析:  to reduce 考查固定句式It takes+时间+to do sth.“做某事花……时间”。‎ ‎(3) I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.( 2014 课标卷 II)‎ 解析:  to  考查固定搭配next to“紧邻；紧接”。‎ ‎(4) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused  ________ (stop) until…(2014课标卷 II)‎ 解析:  to stop 考查固定搭配refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。‎ ‎(5) Still, the boy kept ________ (ride). (2014课标卷 II)‎ 解析:  riding 考查固定搭配keep doing sth.“继续/持续做某事”。‎ ‎(6) Nick said, “ The only reason a man would sell salt  ________ a low price would be because he was desperate for money. (2013广东卷)‎ 解析:  at  考查固定搭配at a low / high price.“以低 / 高价”。‎ ‎(7)  I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged ________ the reservation. (2014广东卷)‎ 解析:  for 考查固定搭配charge sb. for(doing) sth.“因(做)某事而收费”。‎ ‎(8) One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.(2015广东卷)‎ 解析:  when  考查固定句型was / were doing…when…“正在做……突然……”。‎ ‎2.  短文改错  以下每个句子都有一处错误，请指出并改正过来。‎ ‎(1) In other words, we would be separated for long time. (2010大纲)‎ 解析:  在long前面加a，因为for a long time是固定词组，“很长一段时间”。‎ ‎(2) In a fact, he even scared my classmates away…(2013课标卷 I)‎ 解析:  把a去掉，因为in fact是固定词组，“实际上”。‎ ‎(3) As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (2014课标卷 I)‎ 解析:  在as后面加a，因为as a result是固定词组，“结果”。‎ ‎(4) …and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. (2014课标卷 I)‎ 解析:  把by改为of，因为with the help of是固定词组，“在……的帮助下”。‎ ‎(5) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listen music.(2014课标卷 II)‎ 解析:  在listen后面加to，因为listen to是固定词组，“听；倾听”。‎ ‎(6) Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. (2015课标卷 I)‎ 解析:  在in后面加the，因为in the countryside是固定词组，“在农村”。‎ ‎(7) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (2015课标卷 I)‎ 解析:  把on改为with，因为with the development of是固定词组，“随着……的发展”。‎ ‎(8) My best friend, Aigulie, used to share her Nang to me. (2015课标卷 I)‎ 解析:  把to改为with，因为share…with是固定词组，“和……分享”。‎ 三、实战演练 ‎(一)语法填空在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式。‎ ‎1. He is always responsible ________ whatever he does.‎ ‎2. She spoke in such ________ low voice that she couldn’t make herself heard.‎ ‎3. The students are busy making ________ (prepare) for the coming exams.‎ ‎4. He was absent from the lecture ________ some reason. ‎ ‎5. People were sleeping soundly ________ the destructive earthquake occurred.‎ ‎6. Strictly ________ (speak), what you said just now is not exactly correct.‎ ‎7. I’d appreciate it ________ you could do me a favor and help me out.‎ ‎8. He had no choice but ________ (wait) aimlessly for another two hours.‎ ‎9. If  you go on behaving like that,you’ll risk ________ (lose) your job.‎ ‎10. When he woke up, he found himself lying in ________ open air.‎ ‎(二)单句改错以下每个句子都有一处错误，请指出并改正过来。‎ ‎1. So busy am I that I spend little time on my son every week.‎ ‎2. The other day, she paid visit to the Summer Palace and enjoyed herself.‎ ‎3. His parents forced him choose the major he wasn’t interested in.‎ ‎4. We’re supposed to exchange our study methods to each other.‎ ‎5. The project is now in charge of Mr. Green, our close friend.‎ ‎6. Old as he is, the man is in a good health.‎ ‎7. I’ll take you up as soon as you arrive at the train station.‎ ‎8. As students, we should make effort  to realize our dreams.‎ ‎9. Tom got up, dressed him and went to work in a hurry.‎ ‎10. I don’t make sense what you said just now. Can you explain it indetail?‎ 答案与解析 ‎(一)语法填空 ‎1. for  因be responsible for是固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。‎ ‎2. a  因in a low voice “低声地”。‎ ‎3. preparations  表示“为……做准备” ，用固定搭配make preparations for。‎ ‎4. for  因for…reason 是固定搭配，意为“出于……原因”。‎ ‎5. when  因was / were doing… when… “正在做某事……突然”。‎ ‎6. speaking  因Strictly speaking是独立主格结构，意思是“严格来说”。‎ ‎7. if  固定句型I’d appreciate it if…意为“假如……的话，我会不胜感激”。‎ ‎8. to wait  特殊句型have no choice but to do意为“除了做……外，别无选择”。‎ ‎9. losing  因risk doing sth.，是固定用法，意为“冒险做某事”。‎ ‎10. the  因in the open air是固定词组，意为“在户外”。‎ ‎(二)单句改错 ‎1. 把on改为with ，因此处是表示“花时间陪某人”而不是“花时间在……上”。‎ ‎2. 在visit前面加a，因为pay a visit to“拜访；参观”是固定搭配。‎ ‎3. 在choose前面加to，因“强迫某人做某事”用force sb. to do sth.是固定句式。‎ ‎4. 把to改为with，因“和……交流/交换……”用exchange…with…。‎ ‎5. 在charge前面加the，因此处指“由……负责/掌管”，用词组in the charge of。‎ ‎6. 去掉a，“身体健康”可用固定词组be in good health来表示。‎ ‎7. 把take改为pick，因为“用车接载某人”用pick sb. up这一词组。‎ ‎8. 在effort前面加an，或把effort改成efforts，因为“努力做某事”可以用词组make an effort to do sth.或者make efforts to do sth.来表示。‎ ‎9. 把him改为himself，因dress oneself 意为“某人自己穿衣服”。‎ ‎10. 在what前面加of，因为make sense of表示“理解”，而make sense则是“有意义；说得通”之意。‎