【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测学案

A ‎2019·广东珠海市第二学期高三二模 The tons of plastic we're dumping in the oceans is finding a new home—the stomachs of our beautiful marine animals. Yet another reminder of this fact washed ashore in Eastern Indonesia this week. A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flipflops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast near Kapota‎ ‎Island.‎ The 9.5metre sperm whale (抹香鲸) was found by rescuers from the Wakatobi National Park. “The whale had swallowed 5.9 kilograms of plastic waste containing 115 plastic cups, four plastic bottles, 25 plastic bags, and more than 1,000 other kinds of pieces of plastic，” park chief Heri Santoso told the reporter.‎ ‎“Although we have not been able to deduce the cause of death, the facts that we see are truly awful，” said Dwi Suprapti, a marine species conservation coordinator at WWF Indonesia. She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay (腐烂). But this is only the latest.‎ Four Asian nations—Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand—account for 50% of the plastic waste in the oceans, according to a report by environmental campaigner Ocean Conservancy and the McKinsey Center for Business and Environment. The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans, according to a study published in the journal Science in January. Of the 3.2 million mismanaged waste it produces every year, 1.29 million ends up in the ocean.‎ A report released earlier this year stated that the amount of plastic in the ocean is likely to increase.‎ ‎1．What can we know about the sperm whale?‎ A．Its stomach is the home of plastic waste.‎ B．It died of swallowing lots of plastic waste.‎ C．It was the first whale to eat plastic waste.‎ D．It had eaten much plastic waste before its death.‎ ‎2．Which can best replace the underlined word “deduce” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Confirm.　　　　　　 B.Cause.‎ C．Approve. D.Contain.‎ ‎3．Which country in Asia dumps the most plastic waste into the oceans?‎ A．Thailand. B.Indonesia.‎ C．Vietnam. D.Philippines.‎ ‎4．What's the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Philippines puts away 1.29 million tons of plastic.‎ B．A sperm whale was found dead near Kapota‎ ‎Island.‎ C．Much dumped plastic waste was found in a dead whale.‎ D．We should take measures to reduce the waste in whales.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲叙了在一头死去的抹香鲸的胃里，发现了大量的塑料垃圾。‎ ‎1．D　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，这条抹香鲸在死前，吃了很多塑料垃圾，故选D。‎ ‎2．A　【解析】词义猜测题。由下文“She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay(腐烂)．”可知画线词的意思是“证实”。 confirm证实；cause造成；approve赞成；contain包含；故选A。‎ ‎3．B　【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第二句“The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans，”可知，印度尼西亚向海洋倾倒的塑料垃圾最多，故选B。‎ ‎4．C　【解析】主旨大意题。第一段中的“A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flipflops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast near Kapota Island.”是全文的主题句，结合上下文，可知这篇文章主要讲了在一头死去的抹香鲸胃里，发现了大量塑料垃圾，故选C。‎ B A public primary school in New York City has stopped giving its students homework.‎ P．S.116 Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month explaining that ‎ after more than a year of analyzing studies，the school had concluded that students' afterschool time would be better spent on activities like reading at their own pace and playing rather than working on homework.‎ Hsu's letter says that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success.Indeed，there are some studies also show that the link between homework and success is doubtful at the primary school level.‎ An important 1989 study on homework by Professor Cooper found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as they grew older.In later grades，students who did homework performed increasingly better than students who did not.In 2006，Cooper published a study that analyzed 15 years' worth of data on the effectiveness of homework.He found that homework had a more positive impact on students as they aged，and identified stronger relations between homework and achievement for students in grades seven through twelve than for students in kindergarten through sixth grade.‎ A 2012 study from the Indiana University School of Education on 10thgraders found little relation between time spent on homework and better course grades，although it did find a positive relation between homework time and standardized test performance.‎ Some parents of P．S.116 students are not happy with the decision to eliminate homework.‎ ‎“I think they should have homework—some of it is about discipline.I want (my daughter) to have fun，but I also want her to be working towards a goal，” Daniel Tasman，the father of a second-grader at the school.‎ ‎“You have to do homework in order to gain；you have to do homework because they may not be able to comprehend everything in school，” Sharon Blake，a grandmother of a P．S.116 student.‎ ‎5．Principal Jane Hsu wrote the letter to the parents to ________ .‎ A．analyze the test results of the students B．suggest students' reading at their own pace and playing C．tell them about the conclusion of the research D．give them the reason for the decision of the school ‎6．The decision to stop giving students homework depends upon ________.‎ A．studies on the link between homework and academic success B．students' wish to spend their time on activities or playing C．Professor Cooper's research on the effectiveness of homework D．the ideas of both school authorities and parents ‎7．Professor Cooper found in his research that ________.‎ A．kindergarten students spent too much time doing activities B．doing homework made the kindergarten students cleverer C．only elderly students should be given homework to do D．students benefit more from doing homework as they grow older ‎8．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 6 mean?‎ A．Refuse. B.Cancel.‎ C．Increase. D.Reduce.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是教育新闻报道类文章。文章讲述了纽约一所公立小学日前宣布，停止给学生布置家庭作业，这引起了大家的关注和各方人士的评论。‎ ‎5．D　【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Principal Jane Hsu找到文章对应段落是文章第二段“P.S.116 Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month explaining that…”判断该校长是在给学生家长们解释学校的决定和原因。故选D。‎ ‎6．A　【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词depends upon找到文章对应段落是第三段“Hsu's letter says that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success.”可知许多研究表明家庭作业与学业成绩关系不大。故选A。‎ ‎7．D　【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Professor Cooper找到文章对应段落第四段“An important 1989 study on homework by Professor Cooper found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as they grew older.”可知Professor Cooper发现随着年龄的增长，做家庭作业能让学生在学业上表现更好。故选D。‎ ‎8．B　【解析】词义猜测题。根据前文提到的取消作业的决定和划线词所在句中的“not happy with the decision”判断是“取消”。故选B。‎ C These days' teen girls lack something very important—self-esteem (自信)．They worry more about their appearance，instead of working on their schoolwork.Their concentration is on their bodies and clothing.A recent survey is conducted in a school，and here are the results：‎ ‎·59% of 5th—12th grade girls are dissatisfied with their body shape.‎ ‎·20%—40% of girls begin dieting at age 10.‎ ‎·By 15，girls are twice as likely to become depressed as boys.‎ ‎·Among 5th—12th graders,47% say they want to lose weight because of magazine pictures.‎ ‎·73% of 8—12year-olds dress like teens and talk like teens.‎ The phenomenon that girls lack self-esteem worries many teachers and parents. Some experts conclude that teen girls' focus shifts and personal look becomes their main focus.“Selfesteem becomes too closely tied to physical appearance; girls feel they can't measure_up_to society standards，” says Anita Gurian，Ph.D.Significantly，girls are rushing to get whatever the other teen girls are getting，which affects their self-esteem.‎ The attitude of teen girls who think that they do not have perfect hair，perfect bodies，or perfect clothing can ruin a teen girl's selfesteem.Importantly，the question is how we can help them raise their selfesteem.Some opinions from experts and stayathome moms are，“Let daughters help fix the kitchen sink and let sons help make dinner.” Selfesteem matters a lot；it is your courage，your confidence，and it is selfrespect in yourself.‎ For decades teen girls all over the world have lacked selfesteem. Some girls will let people put them down and they will not stand up for themselves.They need to realize that they are all unique individuals，and don't have to be a copy.Hopefully things will change and get better.It's obvious that we need to take some action，and help teen girls understand that looks don't always matter.What matters is your character and how you treat people；not having the perfect body，or perfect hair，but your inner beauty.‎ ‎9．What is the major focus of the teen girls these days according to the passage?‎ A．Self-esteem. B.Appearance.‎ C．School work. D.Healthy weight.‎ ‎10．The underlined phrase “measure up to” means “________ ”．‎ A．to test B.to meet C．to change D.to understand ‎11．What causes the phenomenon that girls lack self-esteem according to the author?‎ A．Parents and teachers' worries.‎ B．Physical appearance.‎ C．The wrong attitude.‎ D．Opinions from experts.‎ ‎12．What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?‎ A．To tell the importance of teen girls' selfesteem.‎ B．To list the difficulties that teen girls are facing.‎ C．To encourage teen girls to become unique individuals.‎ D．To help teen girls to realize how to raise self-esteem.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章就青春期女孩缺乏自信心这一问题进行了分析并展开了论述。‎ ‎9．B　【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段中的第二、第三句以及第二段的第二句可知，目前青春期女孩最关注的是她们的外貌，所以选B。‎ ‎10．B　【解析】词义猜测题。由上下文可知“measure up to”这一短语在这里的意思是“达到预期的要求，符合标准”，此处表示自信心已和外貌密切相关，女孩子们感到她们无法达到社会的标准，所以选B。‎ ‎11．C　【解析】推理判断题。由文章第三段第一句及后面的分析可知，作者认为女孩子们缺乏自信心主要是她们错误的态度所致，所以选C。本题容易误选B项，但由倒数第二段第一句中的“The attitude of teen girls”可知最核心原因是态度。‎ ‎12．D　【解析】写作意图题。作者写这篇文章的主要目的是帮助青春期女孩认识到如何去提高自信心，所以选D。‎